Q3 - Science7 - MODULE
Q3 - Science7 - MODULE
Q3 - Science7 - MODULE
Learner’s Packet
Name: _________________________________________ __________________________
SCIENCE 7
(Q3_LP1)
ACTIVITIES/ EXERCISES
ACTIVITY 1:
INSTRUCTIONS/ GUIDE QUESTIONS: Read the scenario below and answer the
questions that follow the diagram.
1
Jun-Jun watches football games at Albay Sports Complex from under the bleachers.
He frequently paces back and forth to get the best views. The diagram below shows several
of Jun-Jun’s positions at various times. At each marked position, Jun-Jun makes a "U-turn"
and moves in the opposite direction. In other words, Jun-Jun moves from position A to B to C
to D.
Asis, Perfecto C. & Garcia, Jocelyn P.Science 7 Module (Region V). Motion in One Dimension (Distance
and Displacement Speed and Velocity)
Guide Questions:
1. What is the initial position of Jun-Jun? _______________
2. What is the final position of Jun-Jun? _______________
3. What is the position of Jun-Jun at 3 seconds? _______________
4. What is the position of Jun-Jun at 10 seconds? _______________
5. At what time does the position of Jun-Jun equals 35 meters? _______________
Guide Questions:
Q1. What is the distance (how far was the path traveled) covered during your entire walk?
_________________________________________________________________________
2
Q2. What is the displacement (change in position) during your entire walk?
_________________________________________________________________________
Q3. What did you consider in order to determine the distance and displacement for the entire
trip?
_________________________________________________________________________
Q4. Based on your answer in questions 1-3, how will you differentiate distance and
displacement?
_______________________________________________________________________
INSTRUCTIONS/ GUIDE QUESTIONS: Read the scenario below and answer the questions
that follow the diagram.
Every Sunday, Ren visited the church to attend the mass, and it took him about 1 minute to
walk from his home. Consider the road map and evaluate each statement below:
Descallar, Jane Harriette G.,Science Quarter 3 Module 1 Motion in One Dimension (Uniform Motion, DepEd
Regional Office IX, Zamboanga Peninsula
Distance and displacement are two quantities that are often interchanged. Distance is
the length of path an object has travelled. It is a scalar quantity because no direction is
involved. On the other hand, displacement refers to the change in position of an object. It is
also referred to as the shortest distance between the object’s two positions. Displacement is
a vector quantity because direction is involved.
To compute for the total distance travelled by an object, add up all the length of paths covered.
3
Ex: An ant walked 4 inches to the East and another 5 inches in the same direction.
The ant’s total distance is: 4 inches + 5 inches = 9 inches
● The ant’s total distance is 9 inches.
To compute for the displacement of an object, when paths covered are in the same
direction, add the magnitude of the paths travelled and follow the common direction.
Ex: An ant walked 4 inches to the East and another 5 inches in the same direction.
The ant’s displacement is: 4 inches, East + 5 inches, East = 9 inches, East
● The ant’s displacement is 9 inches to the East
When the paths covered are in the opposite direction, subtract the magnitude of the
paths travelled. The final direction of the object is determined by following the direction of the
greater magnitude of the quantities being subtracted. However, if the object returns to its point
of origin, the displacement is zero.
Ex: The dog runs 8 meters to the East and 7 meters to the West. The dog’s
displacement is: 8 meters East – 7 meters West = 1 meter to the East
● The dog’s displacement is 1 meter to the East.
REFLECTION
Guides:
Asuncion, Alvie J. et al., Science 7 Learner’s Material First Edition 2017 Department of
Education-Bureau of Learning Resources, DepEd Complex, Meralco Avenue, Pasig City
Philippines 1600
Asis, Perfecto C. & Garcia, Jocelyn P.Science 7 Module (Region V). Motion in One Dimension
(Distance and Displacement Speed and Velocity)
Nieves,Kristina N. 2020. Science 7 LAS Q3 LP1, DepEd Region V.
4
K to 12 Most Essential Learning Competencies (2020), Department of Education
Descallar, Jane Harriette G.,Science Quarter 3 Module 1 Motion in One Dimension (Uniform
Motion). DepEd Regional Office IX, Zamboanga Peninsula
ANSWER KEY:
ACTIVITY 1:
1. 50 m
2. -5 m
3. 15 m
4. -5m
5. 6 seconds
DEVELOPMENT TEAM
Author/ Writer: Catherine L. Muyna
Content Editor: Rowena C. Muñoz, PhD
Language Editor: Myla M. Bobis
Lay-out Artist: Karen S. Legson
Education Program Supervisor: Jade O. Alberto, EdD
5
SMILE
(SIMPLIFIED MODULE INTENDED FOR LEARNING ENCOUNTERS)
Learner’s Packet
Name: _________________________________________ __________________________
SCIENCE 7
(Q3_LP2)
https://static.vecteezy.com/system/resources/previews/000/509/450/original/signs-of-motion-vector.jpg
LEARNING COMPETENCY WITH CODE
ACTIVITIES/ EXERCISES
https://static.vecteezy.com/system/resources/previews/000/509/450/original/signs-of-motion-vector.jpg
Guide Questions:
1. Where can you find these signages?
2. What do these signages mean?
3. What similarities and differences do you see in the signages?
4. What quantities and units can you find in these signages?
5. Why do you need to familiarize yourself with or learn about these signages?
May and June had a total path of 500 meters going to Kawa – Kawa from their home.
May consumed 10 minutes walking while June consumed 8 minutes. Going back home, May
took a shortcut where she walked 350 meters in 10 minutes.
7
Total Path: 500 meters
8
mins
https://image.slidesharecdn.com/speedan
dvelocity-120228091612-
phpapp01/95/speed-and-velocity-6-
728.jpg?cb=1330421012
Figure : http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-
10 vZ53SshMqsU/U5nbTg9UOpI ,
mins /AAAAAAAALDI/kjQKlWUICqQ/s1600/DSC_2017.JPG
https://cdn.thinglink.me/api/image/644537684148092928/1024/10/scaletowidth/0/0/1/1/false/true?wait=true
Guide Questions:
1. Who walked faster? Why did you say so?
2. How do you compare their velocities?
3. How will you compare the speed of May in going to Kawa-Kawa with her speed in going
back home?
4. How do you compare May’s velocity in going to Kawa-Kawa with her velocity on her way
back home?
1. Calculate the speed for a car that went a distance of 125 kilometers in 2 hours time.
2. A baseball is thrown a distance of 60 meters. What is its speed if it takes 0.5 seconds to
cover the distance?
1.
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2.
1. Jessica jogs on a path that is 25 kilometers long to get to a park that is south of the
jogging path. If it takes Jessica 2.5 hours.
2. Bob rides his bicycle on a bike path that is 75 kilometers long to get to his house that is due
east of the bike path. If it takes Bob 15 hours.
2.
1.
2.
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ACTIVITY 3: LET’S LEVEL UP! CARD SORT ACTIVITY
https://i.pinimg.com/originals/65/5f/b2/655fb26f890ba0ec44f99b692eefa802.jpg
Sorting/ Student sorted all facts or Student sorted mostly Student found difficulty
Organization statements correctly using sound the facts/ statements in sorting some of the
judgement and educated choices that he/she is so facts/ statements as
based upon his/her familiarity of familiar with using he/she has limited
the facts/statements his/her sound knowledge about them
judgement
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reasons due to his/her
limited observation
Creativity The output is very creative. Student manifests an The output lacks
Student put in a lot of efforts and attempt at creativity creativity and shows
went beyond expectations to but short of creative limited or no effort at
express in detail what he/she imagination to deliver all
sees in the images. the efforts
REFLECTION:
Textbooks:
Vengco, L. G., Religioso, T. F., & Navaza, D. C. (2013). You and the Natural World. Phoenix
Publishing House Inc.
Madriaga, E. A., Valdoz, M. P., Aquino, M. D., & Apolinario, N. A. (2015). Science Links
Worktext for Scientific and Technological Literacy (Revised Edition 2015). Rex Book
Store, Inc.
Department of Education. (2020). Contextualize and Inquiry Based Daily Lesson Plans in
Science 7 Third Quarter.
Internet Sources:
https://static.vecteezy.com/system/resources/previews/000/509/450/original/signs-of-motion-
vector.jpg
https://image.slidesharecdn.com/speedandvelocity-120228091612-phpapp01/95/speed-and-
velocity-6-728.jpg?cb=1330421012
11
https://cdn.thinglink.me/api/image/644537684148092928/1024/10/scaletowidth/0/0/1/1/false/
true?wait=true
https://www.mayfieldschools.org/Downloads/Speed_Velocity_Acceleration_Worksheet_Blan
k.pdf
https://worksheetstudent.com/8th-grade-science-speed-velocity-and-acceleration-worksheet/
https://i.pinimg.com/originals/65/5f/b2/655fb26f890ba0ec44f99b692eefa802.jpg
http://2.bp.blogspot.com/-
vZ53SshMqsU/U5nbTg9UOpI/AAAAAAAALDI/kjQKlWUICqQ/s1600/DSC_2017.JPG
ANSWER KEY:
TASK B.
12
ACTIVITY 3: LET’S LEVEL UP! CARD SORT ACTIVITY
Answers may vary
DEVELOPMENT TEAM
Author/ Writer: Amelia M. Gonzales
Content Editor: Rowena C. Muñoz, PhD
Language Editor: Myla M. Bobis
Lay-out Artist: Karen S. Legson
Education Program Supervisor: Jade O. Alberto, EdD
13
Name: ___________________________________________________________________
SCIENCE 7
(Q3_LP3)
Source: http://www.physicsclassroom.com/Class/1DKin/U1L2b3.gif
14
The analysis of a dot diagram will also reveal if the object is moving with a constant
velocity or accelerating. A changing distance between dots indicates a changing velocity and
thus an acceleration. A ticker tape diagram that starts off with closely spaced dots but moves
further apart as you go represents an object that is speeding up because the dots are getting
further and further apart. On the other hand, a ticker tape diagram that starts with dots spaced
further apart and gets closer as you go along represents an object that is slowing down
because the dots are getting closer and closer together. A constant distance between dots
represents a constant velocity and therefore, no acceleration. Dot diagrams for objects moving
with a constant velocity and with an accelerated motion are shown below:
Source: http://www.physicsclassroom.com/Class/1DKin/U1L2b3.gif
Source: https://study.com/cimages/multimages/16/slowingdown.jpg
TAPE CHARTS
The pictures below show diagrams of tape charts showing constant speed and
acceleration.
INTERPRETATIONS
http://www.oneschool.net/Malaysia/UniversityandCollege/SPM/revisioncard/physics/forceand
motion/images/tickertape_clip_image002_000 1.jpg
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The distance between the dots increases uniformly.
▪ The length of the strips of tape in the
chart increasesuniformly.
▪ The velocity of the object is increasing
uniformly. i.e., theobject is moving at a
constant acceleration
The table below shows representations of velocity and acceleration through ticker tape
diagrams and tape charts.
Source:https://1.bp.blogspot.com/bzAq2piJbh0/VWPeML7AetI/AAAAAAAAATc/1gwYZMOHS2g/s160 0/6.png
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MOTION GRAPHS
Distance-Time Graph
Therefore, a distance-time graph tells us how far an object has moved with time.
▪ The steeper the graph, the faster the motion.
▪ A horizontal line means the object is not changing its position - it is not moving; it is at rest.
A downward sloping line means the object is returning to the start.
Source:https://dryuc24b85zbr.cloudfront.net/tes/resources/6061038/image?width=500&heig
ht=500&version= 1585389381692
17
Speed-Time Graphs
Speed-Time graphs are also called Velocity-Time graphs. The slope of the line on a
velocity versus time graph is equal to the acceleration of the object. Speed-Time graphs look
much like Distance-Time graphs. Be sure to read the labels!!
Time is plotted on the X-axis.
Source:https://i.pinimg.com/originals/7b/df/8f/7bdf8fcef5b7ae5f3aedfe1634b94bca.gif
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LEARNING COMPETENCY WITH CODE
MELC: Create and interpret visual representation of the motion of objects such as tape charts
and motion graphs.
CG LC/ Code: (S7FE-IIIb-3)
• Describe the speed of an object using tape diagrams and motion graphs
• Interpret the motion of an object using tape charts and motion graphs
• Illustrate visual representation of the object’s motion using
tape charts andmotion graphs
ACTIVITIES/ EXERCISES
Source: https://study.com/cimages/multimages/16/ticker_tape_diagrams.png
19
https://www.google.com/search?q=speed+time+graph+with+bus&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwj
C3NuQ4b31AhURZt4KHUUxBFAQ_AUoAXoECAEQAw&biw=1920&bih=969&dpr=1#imgrc=s06WLShxYV5tTM
1. Segment 0-A: The bus is ____________. Its speed changes from 0 to 10 m/s in 5
seconds.
2. Segment A-B: The bus is moving at a ___________ of 10 m/s for 5 seconds.
3. Segment B-C: The bus is ___________. It is slowing down from 10 m/s to rest in 3
seconds.
4. Segment C-D: The bus is ____________. It has stopped.
5. Segment D-E: The bus is ____________. It is gradually increasing in speed.
6. Segment E-F: The bus is moving at of 5 m/s for 4 seconds.
Directions: Describe the motion of the car in each graph. Choose your answers from the list
below. For those boxes without graphs you are going to create your representation using the
given description. Write the number of the description in the box under the graph. BE
CAREFUL WITH THE LABELS!
Description:
1. The car is stationary.
2. The car is traveling at a constant speed.
3. The speed of the car is decreasing.
4. The car is coming back.
5. The car is accelerating.
6. The car is slowing down.
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time time
Graph A: Graph B: Graph C: The car is stationary.
time time
Graph D: The car is coming back. Graph E: Graph F:
time
Graph G: Graph H: Graph I: The car is traveling at
a constant speed.
REFLECTION:
Textbooks:
Asuncion, A., et. al., (2017). Science Learner’s Material. Philippines:
FEP PrintingCorporation.
Madriaga, E., et. al., (2017). Science Links: Worktext for scientific and
technologicalliteracy. Philippines: Rex Bookstore.
21
Module:
Verano, T. (2020). Science 7. Quarter 3 Week 3: Motion Graphs,
Schools Division ofCamarines Sur.
Internet Sources:
tape-diagrams-analyzing-motion
https://www.google.com/search?q=speed+time+graph+with+bus&source=lnms&tbm=isch&
sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjC3NuQ4b31AhURZt4KHUUxBFAQ_AUoAXoECAEQAw&biw=1920
&bih=969&dpr=1#imgrc=s06WLShxYV5tTM
https://www.cusd80.com/cms/lib/AZ01001175/Centricity/Domain/8456/motion%20graphs%
20summary%20key.pdf
https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fslideplayer.com%2F
slide%2F9558
302%2F&psig=AOvVaw2BCfZPimjfkN0q59yb_pqS&ust=1642680817270000
&source=imag es&cd=vfe&ved=0CAwQjhxqFwoTCMjSiI
flvfUCFQAAAAAdAAAAABAl https://byjus.com/physics/distance-time-
velocity-time-graph/ https: notes.o//classrg.in/class7/science-7/motion-and-
time/graphical-representation-motion-2/
ANSWER KEY:
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ACTIVITY 2: Let’s Ride the Bus!
1. Segment 0-A: The bus is ACCELERATING. Its speed changes from 0
to 10 m/s in 5seconds.
2. Segment A-B: The bus is moving at a CONSTANT SPEED of 10 m/s for 5 seconds.
3. Segment B-C: The bus is DECELERATING. It is slowing down from 10
m/s to rest in 3seconds.
4. Segment C-D: The bus is AT REST. It has stopped.
5. Segment D-E: The bus is ACCELERATING. It is gradually increasing in speed.
6. Segment E-F: The bus is moving at a CONSTANT SPEED of 5 m/s for 4 seconds.
time time
Graph C: The car is
Graph A: Sentence No. 3 Graph B: Sentence No 6
stationary.
time time
time
Graph I: The car is traveling at a
Graph G: Sentence No 5 Graph H: Sentence No 5.
constant speed.
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DEVELOPMENT TEAM
24
SMILE
(SIMPLIFIED MODULE INTENDED FOR LEARNING ENCOUNTERS)
Learner’s Packet
Name: _________________________________________ __________________________
SCIENCE 7
(Q3_LP4)
We were surrounded by so many types of sounds, but are they all the same? They
vary in many ways. Sounds have classifications and distinctions before we can tell if it is
pleasant to hear or is already a noise. Today, we will learn what makes a sound-a sound and
how it exists and perceived by humans.
MELC: Describe the characteristics of sound using the concepts of wavelength, velocity,
and amplitude.
CG LC/ Code:
Specifically aims to:
4. Define and describe sound waves
5. Describe how organisms like humans receive sound
ACTIVITIES/ EXERCISES
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______
______ ______
Sound
_____ ______
GUIDE QUESTIONS: Choose and underline the correct answer in every option in each item.
1. What type of wave does sound wave belong?
Example
Option: Longitudinal Wave or Transverse Wave?
2. Sound can travel in all media but not in a vacuum.
Option: True or False
3. Sound is produced when an object vibrates.
Option: True or False
4. No medium, no sound
Option: True or False
5. What type of wave does sound belong?
Option: Mechanical Wave or Electromagnetic wave?
(https://cdn.britannica.com/04/14304-050-1A5E3289/structures-outer-ear.jpg)
26
The outer ear called pinna collects the sound waves and focuses them into the ear
canal, this canal transmits the sound waves to the eardrum. At the end of the eardrum
membrane or tympanum. It separates the outer and the middle ear physically. Air vibrations
set the eardrum membrane in motion that causes the three smallest bones
(hammer,anvil.stirrup) to move. These three bones convert the small-amplitude vibration of
the eardrum into large-amplitude oscillations. These oscillations are transferred to the inner
ear through the oval window. Behind the oval window is a snail-shell shaped liquid-filled organ
called the cochlea. The large-amplitude oscillations create waves that travel in liquid. These
sounds are converted into electrical impulses, which are sent to the brain by the auditory
nerve. The brain interprets these signals as words, music, or noise.
Characteristics of Sounds
How can we distinguish sounds based on their characteristics?
Clues
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A C B D F M G H J A O P P N M A Q Q W A S F Q R E
F M G D S A E F R T G H S O U N D W A V E S X F G
R E P I Y H L C H G H M L Y Y S G H F K G F R F D
Q F A L F G E W H D A F A A R T Y H A J Q Y A K L
W R Y R I T F G H A A Q W E F T Y H G F T D R D R
Z E H G H T U T U L N N G I T U D I N A L W A V E
X Q G G H N U Z Z N M I K L O P A D F G H S Z H D
B A F D G H H D H J K S C Z T Y A H F S A G Y S F
E S D T Y F G F E D Y D H A D S D H F G A F D H I
G S S F R E Q U E N C Y F G L O S S A S E P F F F
J A W E F G C G J D H D H H H W Q F B Y T I F H B
I I N T E N S I T Y T D O T D T A D G H F T Y H H
U I S G H C G W Q Q Q Y G T Y N U V I P Y C Y U G
U Y F R U T T T Y O I N L U Y E J G E U U H D G J
O T H Y U F J D J D E G G H Y S B J G D S G H J F
D I J G G H Y S H L D D F D D S S S T E D S S S E
F U A L O U D N E S S T Y F G Y U B V S I O P L B
K K A H G S G V S F F F D S D F S O U N D G F D S
L J L H J V A G C B F F F F F D A G T G G F U F S
Z H P Q W W R T Y U Y U O A A V A C U U M V U A M
Characteristics of Sounds
In which media does sound travel fastest ?
https://keystagewiki.com/images/thumb/c/cb/ParticleModelSolidLiquidGas.png/500px-
ParticleModelSolidLiquidGas.png
Spacing of particles of the medium like solid, liquid and gas is an important factor on
how fast sound would be transmitted. Sound waves are transmitted easier in liquids.
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Between liquid and solids, however, the particles of solid are even closer together than the
particles of liquid; therefore, sound travels even faster in solids than in liquid. Since different
media transmit sound differently, sound travels at different speeds in different materials.
Since solid is the best transmitted of sound, sound travels fastest in solids and slowest in
gases.
How can we distinguish sound?
Pitch refers to the highness or lowness of sound. It is dependent on the frequency of
sound wave. The higher the frequency, the higher the pitch of the sound produced.
Speed of sound is dependent on factors like temperature, humidity, and air pressure.
High temperature brings much faster sound, on the other hand, increased humidity makes
sounds slower.
Loudness is how soft or how intense the sound is as perceived by the ear and
interpreted by the brain.
Sound Intensity refers to the amount of energy a sound wave carries. High
amplitude sounds usually carry large energy and have higher intensity while low amplitude
sound carries lesser amount of energy and have lower intensity.
Objectives:
After performing this activity, you should be able to:
1. Create musical instruments using locally available materials.
2. Use these instruments to compose tunes.
Materials needed:
● It varies and depends on what is available at home that can be used in creating any
sound instrument.
Procedure:
1. Look for local materials which you can use to create different musical instruments.
2. Come up with your own composition using the instruments you have created.
3. Through a recorded video presentation, you are to play and sing at least 2 songs
(any song of your choice and your original composition)
4. Check the rubric included to become familiar with the criteria for which you will be
rated.
Task/Criteria 4 3 2 1 Score
Improvised/loc -Makes use of -Makes use of -Makes use of -Makes use of
alized musical local or local materials local materials local materials
instruments indigenous only. only. only.
materials
-The improvised -The improvised -The sound
-The improvised instruments instruments produced by
instruments the improvised
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produce good produced good produce fair instruments is
quality sound quality sound. quality sound. not clear and
comparable to distinct.
standard
musical
instruments.
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5. It refers to the highness or lowness of the sound.
a. Loudness b. Pitch c. Sound Intensity d. Compression
6. What are the three main sections of the ear?
a. Middle Ear b. Outer Ear c. Inner Ear d. All of the above
7. Sound waves is classified as:
a. Mechanical Wave c. Transverse Wave
b. Longitudinal Wave d. Both a and b
B. Complete the sentence by choosing the correct word from the given choices.
REFLECTION
● Ann, K. (n.d.). Sound grade 7. SlideShare. Retrieved January 19, 2022, from
https://www.slideshare.net/mae2388/sound-grade-7
● Science Learner’s Material, First Edition 2017 Unit 3-Module 3 Sound Pg. 204-216
● Third Quarter:Physics_Contextualized and Inquiry Based Daily Lesson Plans in
Science 7, pg. 173-221
ANSWER KEY:
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ACTIVITY 2: WORM ZONE
Pinna – Ear canal- Eardrum- Tympanum- Hammer, anvil, stirrup- Cochlea
ACTIVITY 3
ACTIVITY 4
Refer on the “Final Show” Criteria
DEVELOPMENT TEAM
Author/ Writer: Aleth Rose N. Canale
Content Editor: Rowena C. Muñoz, PhD
Language Editor: Myla M. Bobis
Lay-out Artist: Karen S. Legson
Education Program Supervisor: Jade O. Alberto, EdD
32
SMILE
(SIMPLIFIED MODULE INTENDED FOR LEARNING ENCOUNTERS)
Learner’s Packet
Name: _________________________________________ __________________________
SCIENCE 7
(Q3_LP5)
In the previous module, you have learned the different types of waves, specifically
sound waves, it’s characteristics, and properties. Now, you will learn about light and color that
begins with Isaac Newton (1642-1726) and a series of experiments that he published in 1672.
He is also the first to understand the rainbow resolving it into its component colors the well-
known ROYGBV; red, orange, yellow, green, blue and violet. You also learned that a sound
wave is a mechanical wave that needs a medium to be propagated, but what about light which
was then believed to exist as a particle and as a wave. But what do you think? Is light really a
wave or a particle? Well, let’s find out and learn more about light.
The visible light region - the very narrow band of wavelengths located to the right of
the infrared region and to the left of the ultraviolet region. Though electromagnetic waves exist
in a vast range of wavelengths, our eyes are sensitive to only a very narrow band. Since this
narrow band of wavelengths is how humans see, we refer to it as the visible light spectrum.
Normally when we use the term "light," we are referring to a type of electromagnetic wave that
stimulates the retina of our eyes. In this sense, we are referring to visible light, a small
spectrum from the enormous range of frequencies of electromagnetic radiation. This visible
light region consists of a spectrum of wavelengths that range from approximately 700
nanometers (abbreviated nm) to approximately 400 nm. Expressed in more familiar units, the
range of wavelengths extends from 7 x 10-7 meter to 4 x 10-7 meter. This narrow band of visible
light is affectionately known as ROYGBIV.
Each individual wavelength within the spectrum of visible light wavelengths is
representative of a particular color. That is, when light of that wavelength strikes the retina of
our eye, we perceive that specific color sensation. Isaac Newton showed that light shining
through a prism will be separated into its different wavelengths and will thus show the various
colors that visible light is comprised of. The separation of visible light into its different colors is
known as dispersion. Each color is characteristic of a distinct wavelength; and different
wavelengths of light waves will bend varying amounts upon passage through a prism. For
these reasons, visible light is dispersed upon passage through a prism. Dispersion of visible
light produces the colors red (R), orange (O), yellow (Y), green (G), blue (B), and violet (V). It
is because of this that visible light is sometimes referred to as ROY G. BIV. (Incidentally, indigo
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is not actually observed in the spectrum but is traditionally added to the list so
that there is a vowel in Roy's last name.) The red wavelengths of light are the
longer wavelengths, and the violet wavelengths of light are the shorter
wavelengths. Between red and violet, there is a continuous range or spectrum
of wavelengths. The visible light spectrum is shown in the diagram below.
https://www.sciencelearn.org.nz/resources/47-colours-of-
light?fbclid=IwAR3RtgsciVwLCd3tRBNTq9kL9OODkIxZ8WJ48DDnoMZQuGR7D0nCiPU-lKQ
When all the wavelengths of the visible light spectrum strike your eye at the same time,
white is perceived. The sensation of white is not the result of a single color of light. Rather, the
sensation of white is the result of a mixture of two or more colors of light. Thus, visible light -
the mix of ROYGBIV - is sometimes referred to as white light. Technically speaking, white is
not a color at all - at least not in the sense that there is a light wave with a wavelength that is
characteristic of white. Rather, white is the combination of all the colors of the visible light
spectrum. If all the wavelengths of the visible light spectrum give the appearance of white,
then none of the wavelengths would lead to the appearance of black. Once more, black is not
actually a color. Technically speaking, black is merely the absence of the wavelengths of the
visible light spectrum. So when you are in a room with no lights and everything around you
appears black, it means that there are no wavelengths of visible light striking your eye as you
sight at the surroundings.
Our eyes are sensitive to a very narrow band of frequencies within the enormous range
of frequencies of the electromagnetic spectrum. This narrow band of frequencies is referred
to as the visible light spectrum. Visible light - that which is detectable by the human eye -
consists of wavelengths ranging from approximately 780 nanometer (7.80 x 10-7 m) down to
390 nanometer (3.90 x 10-7 m). Specific wavelengths within the spectrum correspond to a
34
specific color based upon how humans typically perceive light of that wavelength. The long
wavelength end of the spectrum corresponds to light that is perceived by humans to be red,
and the short wavelength end of the spectrum corresponds to light that is perceived to be
violet. Other colors within the spectrum include orange, yellow, green, and blue. The graphic
below depicts the approximate range of wavelengths that are associated with the various
perceived colors within the spectrum.
https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:EM_Spectrum_Properties_reflected.svg
MELC: Explain the color and intensity of light in terms of its wave characteristics.
ACTIVITIES/ EXERCISES
35
Sources of Light Type of Sources
Natural Light Source Artificial Light Source
1. Sun
2. Candles
3. Jellyfish
4. Torches
5. Candles
6. Laser
7. Glowworms
8. Glowsticks
9. Star
10. Lightning
Safety is a must! Please handle all sharp objects with care. Be careful!
1. Using a pair of scissors, cut the circular patterns that would make up the wheel. (The pattern
is provided in the next pages)
2. Cut along the lines to form the two rectangular windows drawn on the top wheel. The small
window near the center of the wheel should be completely cut out and removed.
3. Punch a hole into the center of the two wheels together. You may use a button fastener to
hold the two wheels securely in place, one on top of the other, but they should be free to
rotate relative to each other.
4. When you see a region of the EM spectrum show up in the open window and the “W, F, E”
that corresponds to that region showing up under the flaps, then you know that you have
done it right.
36
https://dochub.com/eveliasadullo/mqNjP3BVWre8yYK9yGzLkp/module-6-colors-of-light-g8
37
https://dochub.com/eveliasadullo/mqNjP3BVWre8yYK9yGzLkp/module-6-colors-of-light-g8
38
Task 2: EXPLORING LIGHT’S ENERGY, FREQUENCY AND WAVELENGTH
Directions: Using the color spectrum wheel you have constructed in Task 1, complete the
table below by filling in the energy, frequency, and wavelength values of the
following colors of light as reflected in the spectrum wheel windows.
Colors Frequency(f) Wavelength(λ) Energy
THz Nm eV
Red
Orange
Yellow
Green
Blue
Violet
Guide Questions
1. Which color has the shortest wavelength? longest wavelength? ____________________
2. Which color registered the lowest frequency? highest frequency? ___________________
3. How would you describe the relationship between the frequency and wavelength of the
colors of light?
________________________________________________________________________
4. How would you describe the relationship between the frequency and energy of the colors
of light?
________________________________________________________________________
5. To conclude, how would you describe the relationship between the frequency and
wavelength and energy of the colors of light?
________________________________________________________________________
Keep in Mind
39
● The intensity or brightness of light as a function of the distance from the light
source follows an inverse square relationship. Suppose you were to use a light
meter to measure an initial intensity I, or brightness, a distance r from a light
source. Suppose that sometime later the brightness of the light is either greater
or lesser; if the intensity diminished you would know that the source was
moving away from you and if it became brighter, you would know that the
source was moving towards you (assuming the light source itself remained the
same).
ASSESSMENT
1. ROYGBIV is the basic component of white light. Which color of light carries the
highest energy?
a. Blue b. green c. orange d. Red
2. Which of the following is NOT true about the nature of light?
a. Light is an electromagnetic wave
b. Light is a mixture of ROYGBIV colors of light
c. Light is a form of energy that travel in space
d. Light has a constant speed of 3x10^8 m/s in any medium
40
3. Which of the following is NOT an electromagnetic wave?
a. Infrared b. Radio c. Sound d. X-ray
4. There is an inverse relationship between distance and light intensity – as the
distance increases, light intensity ___________.
a. Increases b. Decreases c. doubled d. Tripled
5. Based on the spectrum wheel of colors, how are frequency and wavelength related in
each specific region of the spectrum?
a. As the frequency increases, the wavelength decreases
b. As the frequency increases, the wavelength increases
c. As the frequency decreases, the wavelength decreases
d. As the frequency decreases, the wavelength increases
Column A Column B
1.It is the quantity of visible light emanating a.Brightness
from a point source within a solid angle of one
steradian.
2. A qualitative expression of light intensity b.Light Intensity
3.An arrangement of electromagnetic waves c.Visible Spectrum
based on increasing frequencies
4.The region in the electromagnetic spectrum d. Luminous Body
that is visible to the human eye, otherwise
known as visible light.
5.Referring to a body/object that can produce e.Electromagnetic Spectrum
its own light.
REFLECTION
● Newton and the Color Spectrum. (n.d.). Webexhibits. Retrieved January 25, 2022, from
http://www.webexhibits.org/colorart/bh.html
41
● What is Light Intensity? - Definition from Maximum Yield. (2021, October 4). Maximum
Yield. Retrieved January 25, 2022, from
https://www.maximumyield.com/definition/2036/light-intensity
● Friedman, K. (2018, September 6). How is the Brightness of Light Determined?
Lumitex. Retrieved January 25, 2022, from https://www.lumitex.com/blog/light-
brightness
● Scientific calculations - distance and light intensity - Higher only - Photosynthesis -
AQA - GCSE Combined Science Revision - AQA Trilogy. (n.d.). BBC. Retrieved
January 25, 2022, from https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize/guides/zs4mk2p/revision/7
● Home. (n.d.). BBC. Retrieved January 25, 2022, from https://www.bbc.co.uk/bitesize
● Light Intensity and Distance | Science project | Education.com. (n.d.). Education.com's.
Retrieved January 25, 2022, from https://www.education.com/science-
fair/article/relationship-between-distance-light-intensity/
● Sources of Light | Examples of Sources of Light | Examples of Reflectors. (n.d.).
k8schoollessons.com. Retrieved January 25, 2022, from
https://k8schoollessons.com/sources-of-light/
● Physics Tutorial: Visible Light and the Eye's Response. (n.d.). The Physics Classroom.
Retrieved January 25, 2022, from
https://www.physicsclassroom.com/class/light/Lesson-2/Visible-Light-and-the-Eye-s-
Response
● https://m.jagranjosh.com/articles/amp/ncert-exemplar-solution-for-cbse-class-10-
science-chapter-human-eye-and-colourful-world-part-iii-1496382119-
1?fbclid=IwAR3Cfi_8rHSgjPKrgbTMwk4sqYQkAdrZ4UaGqwCTUrrs4DA-
aRX3Iw3xMfo
● Science Learner’s Material, First Edition 2017 Unit 3-Module 4 Light Pg. 220 -242
ANSWER KEY:
42
DEVELOPMENT TEAM
Author/ Writer: Lorena Basco
Content Editor: Rowena C. Muñoz, PhD
Language Editor: Myla M. Bobis
Lay-out Artist: Karen S. Legson
Education Program Supervisor: Jade O. Alberto, EdD
43
SMILE
(SIMPLIFIED MODULE INTENDED FOR LEARNING ENCOUNTERS)
Learner’s Packet
Name: ___________________________________________________________________
SCIENCE 7
(Q3_LP6)
HEAT TRANSFER
How is heat transferred? You get heat from the sun; a gas or electric stove heats and
cooks food; ice absorbs heat and melts as it cools; a metal spoon left in a pot of boiling water
becomes too hot to hold some time later. These examples show that heat energy can be
transferred from one end of a substance to another or from one object to another. Heat can
be transferred by three separate methods or any combination of the three, namely:
Conduction, Convection and Radiation.
CONDUCTION
The heat energy of an object is due to the movement of its molecular particles. The
particles near the source of heat energy begin to vibrate more rapidly as their energy
increases. As they collide with neighboring particles, some of their energy is transmitted. In
this manner, the increase in heat energy is passed from molecule to molecule until the whole
object becomes hot. This transmission of heat from particle to particle is called
CONDUCTION. Conduction of heat in an object will take place only when one part of the
object has a higher temperature than another part. The part with a higher temperature will
transfer its heat energy to that part with a lower temperature.
When you cook food in metallic pots and pans, heat is conducted from the burning fuel
to the metallic containers. The metal’s conductivity makes all the parts of the utensil hot even
if only a particular spot of the pot is heated.
44
CONVECTION
Heat transfer by conduction can take place in solids and fluids.
Convection on the other hand, takes place only in fluids because it
involves the movement of particles themselves from one place to another.
An increase in temperature of a pot of water being heated, as
shown in figure 1.1, increases the velocity of the molecules at the Figure .1 Convection current in a
fluid
bottom causing the expansion of the liquid. This expansion of the Source:
liquid makes it less dense so that it will rise to the surface. The cooler https://www.clipartmax.com/max/m2i8b1
N4b1N4A0H7/
and denser liquid at the surface will sink. This process will continue until all the molecules of
water acquire a common temperature. The continuous circulation of the molecules of water
when heated is called CONVECTION CURRENT. Convection is defined as the transfer of
heat in liquids or gases by means of current set up within the heated fluid.
RADIATION
In Conduction, the mode of heat transfer is accomplished through actual motion of
molecules of the substance while Convection in gas or liquid is through those surrounding the
heated substance. In each method, a material, either a liquid, solid or a gas is required.
RADIATION, on the other hand, takes place even in the absence of material.
Heat from the sun travels through space by radiation. This form of heat, radiant heat,
is thought to be produced by the internal vibration of particles that make up a body that is the
source of heat (like the sun). When sunlight falls on your skin, it is absorbed and it increases
the energy of the molecules of the skin, causing a rise in the temperature of the skin. Some
objects like transparent glass, allow the radiant heat to pass through almost entirely with little
effect on them. When radiant energy shines on an object, some of it may be reflected, and the
rest may be absorbed. While some objects may absorb all of it.
ACTIVITIES/ EXERCISES
ACTIVITY 1: In this activity you will use your sense of touch to determine the relative
hotness and coldness of water in a container and the following materials.
45
INSTRUCTIONS:
1. Label the cups and bowl as shown in figure 1.
2. Half fill cups 1, 2 and bowl 1 with tap water. Half fill bowl 2 1 2
with hot water but NOT hot enough to burn your fingers.
Careful in handling hot water.
3. Carefully place cup 1 in bowl 1 and cup 2 in bowl 2. 1 2
4. Dip your finger carefully in each container to determine the Set up 1 Set up 2
relative hotness or coldness of the water. Use different Figure 1.2
fingers for each container. Possible initial observation or at
0 minute was given for you already. See table 1 below.
5. Repeat your observations after 2, 4,6, 8 and 10 minutes. Record your observations
on the table below using an arrow down ( ) for cooling down and arrow up ( ) for
warming up. If there is no change in the temperature write the word “CONSTANT”.
Cup 1 Normal
temp./room
temp.
Set-up
Bowl 1 Normal
1
temp./room
temp.
Cup 2 Normal
temp/room
Set-up
temp.
2
Bowl 2 Hot
GUIDE QUESTIONS:
1. In which setup did you find changes in the temperature of water inside the
containers?
46
ACTIVITY 2: HOT OR COLD?
INSTRUCTIONS:
This activity will allow you to observe heat conduction and be able to compare heat
conductivities of different materials. As you perform this activity an adult must be present. Be
extra careful in handling hot water.
You will need the following materials:
● Hot water
● Bowl
● 3 Spoons (1wooden spoons, 1 plastic spoon and 1 metal spoon)
(If there is no wooden spoon at home, you may use wooden chopstick instead
or any small piece of wood)
1. Position three spoons inside the small bowl such that only the half portion of the spoons
will be submerged in water when you fill up the bowl with hot water.
2. Carefully pour boiling water into the bowl until almost full.
3. Wait for a few minutes then, carefully touch each spoon. Compare the relative coldness
and hotness of each spoon.
GUIDE QUESTIONS:
INSTRUCTIONS:
In this activity you will explore heat transfer in liquids called Convection. Convection current
that is usually observed at home is the water being heated in a pot on a stove. As the water
at the bottom becomes hot, it begins to rise to the top displacing the colder water that was
originally there. This colder water moves to the bottom where it is heated before moving up
again.
You will need the following to observe convection current in liquid.
● Ice cube tray
● Water
● Food coloring or dye
● Clear drinking glass or jar
1. Mix food coloring with enough water to mold at least 2 pieces of ice cubes. Use dark
colored food coloring such as blue or any darker color for better results.
2. Pour the colored water in an ice cube tray then put inside the freezer. You can wait
overnight to ensure that it is frozen solid before the next step.
47
3. Fill a clear glass with warm water.
4. Add one colored ice cube to the glass of warm water.
5. Observe what happens.
GUIDE QUESTIONS:
1. Describe the movement of the food coloring or dye when the frozen colored ice cube
was dropped in the warm water. Why does this happen?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
2. You have just observed another method of heat transfer, called convection. In your
own words, describe how convection takes place? How is this process different from
conduction?
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
REFLECTION
48
REFERENCES FOR LEARNERS
Textbooks:
Asuncion, Alvie J, and et.al. 2017. Science 7 Learner's Module. Pasig City: Department of
Education.
Navaza, Delia Cordero, and Bienvenido J. Valdez. 1990. PHYSICS. Quezon City: Phoenix
Publishing House, Inc.
Rebollos, Felizardo, and Rosario S. et al. Jequinto. 1986. College Physics. Metro Manila:
National Bookstore.
Internet Sources:
Cool Science Experiments HQ. 2021. Conducting Heat Science Experiment. Accessed
January 19, 2021. https://coolscienceexperimentshq.com/conducting-heat/.
The Home School Scientist. 2021. Convection Current Experiment. Accessed January 18,
2022. https://thehomeschoolscientist.com/convection-current-experiment/.
ANSWER KEY:
Guide questions:
1. In which setup did you find changes in the temperature of water inside the
containers? Set up 2
2. In setup 2
3. For heat transfer to take place, the objects must be of different temperature
4. The temperature of water in bowl 2 decreases after 2 minutes
5. The temperature of water in cup 2 increases.
6. There are no changes in the temperature of water in setup 1
49
7. Heat transfer will continue to take place until both objects reach the same
temperature as the setup 1
8. The direction of heat transfer is from the substance with higher temperature to
substance with lower temperature
ACTIVITY 2
1. Change in temperature was observed in metal spoons only.
2. The metal spoon is warm, but the wood and plastics are not.
3. The method of transfer is conduction.
4. Metal is the best conductor of heat.
5. Wood and plastic are not conductors of heat.
ACTIVITY 3
1. Describe the movement of the food coloring or dye when the frozen colored ice cube
was dropped on the warm water. Why does this happen?
The ice cube is floating in the warm water but as it dissolves the colored water is
moving downward.
Cold water is moving down while the less dense warm water is moving upward.
2. Answers may vary.
ACTIVITY 4
● Decreasing ….. warm or hot …….. cold……..
Conduction ………. Convection ………. Radiation ….
Convection……… Conduction……….. Radiation ……
DEVELOPMENT TEAM
Author/ Writer: Gudelia B. Obelis
Content Editor: Rowena C. Muñoz, PhD
Language Editor: Myla M. Bobis
Lay-out Artist: Karen S. Legson
Education Program Supervisor: Jade O. Alberto, EdD
50
SMILE
(SIMPLIFIED MODULE INTENDED FOR LEARNING ENCOUNTERS)
Learner’s Packet
Science 7
(Q3_LP7)
In this topic, you are going to learn about electricity, electrical charges and the different
charging processes. Electricity is a form of energy that we encounter in our everyday life. We
need this to operate appliances, gadgets and machines to name a few. Aside from these man-
made devices, the nature of electricity is demonstrated by lightning and the motion of living
organisms which is made possible by electrical signals sent between cells. However, in spite
of the familiar existence of electricity, many people do not know that it actually originates from
the motion of charges.
All the charging processes follows the Law of Conservation of Charge which states
that “Charges cannot be created nor destroyed, but can be transferred from one material to
another. The total charge in a system must remain constant.”
MELC:
Describe the different charging processes.
CG LC/ Code: S7LT-IIIj-13
Specific Objectives:
1. Identify the type of charges
2. Describe the different charging processes
51
ACTIVITIES/ EXERCISES
A. Direction: Match column A with column B. Write the letter of the correct answer in the
space provided.
Column A Column B
_____1. Electron a. negatively charged
_____2. Neutron b. neutral (no charge)
_____3. Proton c. smallest unit of matter
_____4. Nucleus d. center of the atom
_____5. Atom e. positively charged
B. Direction: Fill in the Graphic organizer below to assess your prior knowledge and
understanding of the topic Electricity.
ELECTRICITY
C. Direction: Look at the pictures below and answer the given questions.
GUIDE QUESTION:
What does the picture show? Why is hair
is standing like that?
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
_________________________________
Source:https://www.google.com/search?q=static+electricity&sxsrf=AOaemvJs1n_OwQofOQHVYIlvd0Z07qRQtg:16421621183
32&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&sqi=2&ved=
52
ACTIVITY 2: CHARGED INTERSECTION
(Activity adapted from Science 7 Learner’s Materials)
Question No. 1. Is there any sign of interaction between the tape and the finger?
_________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________.
5. Drag a moistened sponge across the non-sticky side of the tape. Then, bring closer
again your finger on the tape but not touching it. Take note and record your
observation.
53
Figure 3 Figure 4
Question no. 2. Is there any sign of interaction between the tape and the sponge?
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
Key Concepts:
In the Activity 2, when you pulled the tape vigorously from the table, some of the
electrons from the wooden table’s surface were transferred to the tape. This means that
the table has lost some electrons so it has become positively charged while the tape has
gained electrons which made it negatively charged. The process involved is referred to as
charging up material, and in this particular activity the process used is charging by friction.
a. Charging by Friction
▪ rubbing 2 materials against each other may cause them the transfer of electron
from one material to the other.
▪ material that lost electrons becomes positively-charged, while the material that
gained electrons becomes negatively -charged.
b. Charging by Induction –
▪ Charging with no actual contact
▪ temporary because no electrons are transferred and neutrality returns when the
close charged object is removed.
c. Charging by Conduction
▪ contact of a charged object to a neutral object.
▪ permanent since electrons move to the new object until that object is grounded.
Source: https://stickmanphysics.com/stickman-physics-home/unit-7-electrostatics/electrostatics-conduction-induction-and-
In the next activity, you will learn about the Triboelectric series and how it is used in
friction
predicting which materials loses or gains electrons.
54
ACTIVITY 3: POSITIVE OR NEGATIVE?
(Activity adapted from Science 7 Learner’s Materials)
Direction: Perform the activity by predicting if the materials which would lose or gain electrons
when paired up following the Triboelectric series. Complete the table below.
Table 1. List of Materials and their Charge Interaction Based on Triboelectric Series.
Materials Rubbed Material that Charge of Material that Charged of
together loses material after gains material after
electrons losing electrons gaining
electrons electrons
glass and copper
hair and paper
steel and copper
hair and polyester
vinyl and wood
wool and silk
vinyl and wool
GUIDE QUESTIONS:
1. Does the charge of the material remain the same when paired up with other
material?__________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
2. What rule could be applied in determining the charged of the materials?
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
55
Key Concepts:
The Triboelectric series is a device that could determine the charges of the
materials when rubbed together. The charge of the materials changes based on their
combinations and relative positions in the Triboelectric Series. Materials that are placed
at the upper end of the sequence (e.g. fur, glass and hair) will most likely give up/lose
electrons and become positively charged. However, materials found at the bottom end of
the sequence (e.g. polyester, polyethylene, PVC) gain electrons and become negatively
charged.
In the next activity, you should be able to apply the phenomenon of polarization and
grounding to charge a material by Induction. You will also investigate another method of
charging which depends on conductivity of the materials
GUIDE QUESTIONS:
1. What charge is acquired by the balloon after
rubbing it against your hair?
_________________________________________________________________________
56
ACTIVITY 4B: PASS THE CHARGE!
(Activity adapted from Science 7 Learner’s Materials)
Direction: Do the activity by yourself and answer the questions below briefly.
Procedure:
1. Repeat all steps in Activity 4A.
2. Let the charged can set-up touch a neutral can
set-up as shown in the figure.
3. Separate the two set-ups then observe how the
charged balloon interacts with the first and
second set-up.
GUIDE QUESTIONS:
6. Where you able to charge the can in the second set-up?
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
1. 2. 3.
4. 5. 6.
57
REFLECTION:
1. I learned that
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
2. I enjoyed most on
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
3. I want to learn more on
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
Textbooks:
Department of Education (2017). Science 7 Learner’s Material. First Edition.
Department of Education-Bureau of Learning Resources (DepEd-BLR) pages: 262-
275
Internet Sources:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FTCBMO3KknA
https://stickmanphysics.com/stickman-physics-home/unit-7-
electrostatics/electrostatics-conduction-induction-and-friction
Photo sources:
https://www.google.com (images)
ANSWER KEY:
58
C. The picture shows a person touching a Van de Graaf generator and receiving excess
positive charges, the repulsion of these positive like charges cause the strand of hair
to repel other strand of hair and to stand up.
Answers to Questions:
1. Yes, the tape will be attracted to the finger.
2. Interactions observed earlier will be greatly reduced or will be non-existent.
Answers to Questions:
1. It changes depending on the location of the material it is paired up within the
Triboelectric Series.
2. Materials that are placed at the upper end of the sequence (e.g. fur, glass and hair)
will most likely give up/lose electrons and become positively charged. However,
materials found at the bottom end of the sequence (e.g. polyester, polyethylene, PVC)
gain electrons and become negatively charged.
Activity 4A: Charge or Not Charge? Activity 4B: Charge or Not Charge?
Answers to Questions: Answers to Questions:
1. Negative Charge 1. Yes, the can in the second set-up will
2. By touching the can, a path provided for be charged since excess charges has
the charges to be transferred. This is an been transferred to it from the can in
example of grounding. the first set-up.
3. Yes, the soft drink can will be charged. 2. Charging by Conduction
4. Charging by Induction 3. The can in the second set-up has
acquired a net positive charge.
Activity 5: Which is which?
1. Induction 3. Conduction 5. Friction
2. Induction 4. Friction 6. Conduction
59
DEVELOPMENT TEAM
60