Final Waterrrr Wheel

MATS College of Technology
R. Castillo St., Agdao, Davao City

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“Sustainability Of Free Energy Using Water Wheel Among Residents Of Barangay

Lakandula Street, Agdao, Davao City”
An Undergraduate Thesis
Presented to the Faculty of the College of Engineering
Davao City
In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of
Bachelor of Science in Electrical Engineering
Ambroce 1, Jonathan
Candado, Lloyd U
Pugo, Carl David L.

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CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION
PROBLEM AND RELATED LITERATURE
This chapter includes the background of the study, significance of the study,
scope and limitations, review of related Literature, and lastly definition of terms.
The development of sustainable and renewable energy sources has never
been more vital in a society marked by rising energy needs and environmental
concerns. In my research on “Free Energy Using Water Wheels,” I set out to
investigate a notion that combines the inventiveness of the past with the promise of a
cleaner, more sustainable energy future. The phrase “free energy” has long piqued
the interest of inventors and scientists. While it is crucial to note that this does not
break thermodynamic rules, the idea of tapping into naturally existing energy sources
without the constant need for fuel or external input is unquestionably alluring. Water
wheels provide a novel way to investigate this notion by capturing the kinetic energy
of flowing water, a resource that is abundant in nature. (Daniel Coilkosz P.E, March
9, 2023)
Nowadays, the increasing demand of energy and electricity, and the growth of
population, pose two major challenges. The first one is the need of reducing
greenhouse gas emission and environmental pollution, while satisfying the global
energy demand. This challenge can be afforded by using large power plants based
on renewable sources, like hydropower plants (Banja et al., n.d., European

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Commission, 2009a, European Commission, 2009b). The second challenge is to
give equal energy access to all countries and people, since current energy access is
neither universal nor guaranteed. The World Energy Outlook estimates that 1.2
billion people do not have access to electricity (Blodgett, Dauenhauer, Louie, &
Kickham, 2017). Micro-grids (i.e. power output less than 100 kW) based on
renewable energy are a promising option for this challenge, due to their low initial
investment levels, scalability and suitability for rural areas (Blodgett et al., 2017).
A dedication to sustainability and environmental responsibility is at the heart
of our study. When appropriately located and developed, water wheels may tap into
the renewable energy of flowing water without adding to greenhouse gas emissions
or depleting scarce resources. It is an idea that fits in well with our efforts to battle
climate change and shift to a cleaner energy future. Water wheels provide a wide
range of possible applications to free energy. The options are endless, ranging from
small-scale systems that might empower individual families to large-scale
installations that can considerably contribute to regional energy networks.
Furthermore, such systems can improve energy resilience, especially in rural or off-
grid locations, while decreasing our reliance on traditional fossil fuels.
This project aims to provide light on the feasibility, efficiency, and practicability of
free energy utilizing water wheels through thorough examination and analysis. It
aims to give insights into the technological, economic, and environmental elements
of such systems, ultimately contributing to the larger conversation on sustainable
energy solutions. As we do this study, we see the possibility for discovering creative
and environmentally beneficial methods to harness nature’s power and move closer
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to a future powered by cleaner, more accessible energy sources. (Dana Colson,
March 2, 2023)
Review Related Literature
Water wheels have a long history that dates back centuries. They were the engines
that powered bygone mills and industries, a tribute to human skill in exploiting
nature’s gifts. We appreciate this historical legacy while finding answers for the
future by examining and reinventing the possibilities of water wheels in the context of
current energy requirements.
Hydropower represents an interesting option to satisfy both the challenges.
Hydropower plants are currently the most contributory renewable energy source
worldwide (Laghari, Mokhlis, Bakar, & Mohammad, 2013), and they continue to be
installed, especially in emerging countries (de Faria & Jaramillo, 2017). However,
due to the need of large dams, large hydro plants generate some adverse effects on
ecosystems: flooding of large areas upstream, interruption of the river longitudinal
connectivity, changing in the hydrological regime and sediment transport processes
of rivers, and, sometimes, social impacts (Kallis & David, 2001). Instead, micro hydro
grids are more environmental friendly than big hydro plants. Sites suitable for micro
hydro plants are present in almost all countries (Blodgett et al., 2017, Laghari et al.,
2013), so that micro hydro plants could be a promising option both as energy supply
and as easy access to energy.
As a consequence, in the last decades, new hydropower converters for low head
sites have been introduced on the market, like Archimedes screws (Lubitz et al.,
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2014, Lyons and Lubitz, n.d., Waters and Aggidis, 2015), gravity water wheels and
stream water wheels (Müller et al., 2007, Müller and Kauppert, 2004, Quaranta,
2017) and hydrokinetic turbines (Vermaak, Kusakana, & Koko, 2014). These
machines are more environmental friendly and cost-effective than typical action and
reaction turbines (Bozhinova et al., 2013). Their rotational speed is slower, and they
do not require pressurized pipes, so that risks imposed on fish and problems with
trapped sediments are minimized (Bozhinova et al., 2013). Therefore, maintenance
costs are reduced, and payback times are significantly lower than those of micro
plants equipped for example with Kaplan turbines (Müller & Kauppert, 2004).
The Philippines is one of many developing countries that face a continuously
increasing demand for electricity, with an annual average increasing rate of 4.3%,
despite the efforts of the power sector to improve services and sustain electricity
supplies to consumers in recent years (Ayson et al., 2010). The Philippines
increased its proportion of renewable energy from 39.8% in 2010 to 40.7% in 2011
within a total primary energy supply of 39.29–30.40 million tonnes of oil equivalent
(Mtoe) over the same period (Brahim, 2014). From June 2016 to June 2017, the total
installed and average available energy capacities in the country increased from
14,348 MW and 10,361 MW to 21,621 MW and 15,393 MW, respectively. In 2017,
renewable energy contributed 32.55% (7038 MW) and 31% (4822 MW) to the total
installed and average available capacities, respectively, among which hydropower
contributed 16.83% (3683 MW) (Department of Energy, 2017a).

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The island of Mindanao in the Philippines currently boasts a total gross power
generation of 5,170,538 MWh, 7% of which is geothermal, 7% is oil-based, 38% is
generated through hydropower, and 48% is from coal. The generation capacity
reaches 1070 MW from coal, 788 MW from oil-based fuels, 108 MW from
geothermal sources, 1080 MW from hydropower, 59 MW from solar networks, and
36 MW from biomass; hence, the total power capacity of renewable energy is 1,283
MW (40.80%) (Department of Energy, 2017a). Evidently, hydropower contributes
considerably to the total indigenous energy supply, accounting for 9.9% of the 21.7%
increase in the country’s production. For example, the additional hydropower
capacity of 91.0 MW provided in 2011 significantly increased the energy supply from
1.9 Mtoe in 2010 to 2.4 Mtoe in 2011 (Ayson et al., 2010).
Despite these power generation capacities, the continuously increasing demand
(with an average rate of 3.8% over the past few decades) remains a concern
(Bangsamoro Development Agency, 2014). In fact, the maximum peak demand of
power in Mindanao reached approximately 1,696 MW in April 2017 (Department of
Energy, 2017a). This consistently increasing demand constitutes a major challenge,
particularly as the installed capacity of hydroelectric power (as of June 30, 2017) has
increased by only 78.39 MW since 2010 (Department of Energy, 2017b). Therefore,
as of June 2017, the power sector needs to add at least 13,088.31 MW of
hydropower to meet the domes

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Work connected to free energy generation utilizing water wheels involves several
facets of renewable energy research and development on a global scale.
Researchers and engineers all around the world are looking into new designs and
technologies to improve the efficiency of water wheel-based power production
systems. This job includes researching several types of water wheels, such as
undershot, overshot, and breast shot wheels, as well as integrating contemporary
materials and control technologies to improve their performance. Furthermore,
international initiatives frequently focus on the environmental sustainability of such
systems, taking into account the ecological consequences on river ecosystems and
investigating strategies to mitigate any negative effects. Collaborative initiatives
involving various nations seek to develop water wheel solutions that are not only
energy-efficient but also ecologically responsible, so helping to the worldwide shift to
cleaner, more sustainable energy sources. International research in this sector also
includes the development of small-scale and off-grid water wheel systems for distant
or underserved communities in remote or underserved areas with limited access to
conventional power sources. Such programs seek to provide clean and dependable
energy solutions, therefore enhancing the quality of life and economic prospects in
places with limited access to power. These initiatives may entail international
collaboration and information exchange to adapt water wheel technology to different
geographical and climatic situations, ultimately contributing to the larger objective of
boosting global energy availability and decreasing dependency on fossil fuels.

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In the Philippines, free energy generating activities mostly focus on harnessing the
power of flowing water to generate electricity and benefit local communities.
Researchers, engineers, and organizations around the country are working to create
water wheel systems that can efficiently produce energy from rivers and streams,
particularly in rural regions where access to conventional power is restricted. These
efforts frequently attempt to give off-grid communities with a sustainable and cost-
effective energy source, reducing their reliance on non-renewable energy and
increasing their general quality of life. The study done in the Philippines also
highlights the significance of environmental sustainability in water wheel technology.
By investigating the impacts of these systems on local ecosystems and species,
researchers here hope to reduce their ecological impact. This is critical to ensuring
that water wheel projects in the nation adhere to environmental conservation
standards and do not destroy the very natural resources on which they rely. Overall,
the Philippines is focusing on increasing energy availability while also protecting the
environment through the appropriate development of water wheel-based energy
solutions.
In the Philippines, work on free energy generation utilizing water wheels is focused
on providing communities with sustainable and inexpensive electrical alternatives,
particularly in rural and isolated locations. Many areas in the Philippines continue to
lack access to dependable grid-based energy, which is why water wheel projects
have grown in importance. Engineers and academics are hard at work designing and
implementing water wheel systems that can efficiently collect and transform the
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energy from rivers and streams into electrical power. These programs aim not just to
generate electricity, but also to empower local people and improve their quality of life
by providing a reliable supply of energy. When it comes to water wheel projects in
the Philippines, there is a major emphasis on environmental factors. Sustainability is
a primary goal, and efforts are being made to ensure that these systems have as
little negative influence on local ecosystems as possible. Environmental evaluations
are frequently used in research and development to better understand the possible
effects of water wheel installations on the surrounding environment and animals.
This strategy displays a dedication to balance the demand for energy access with
the protection of natural resources, resulting in a comprehensive and community-
driven endeavor to improve Filipinos’ well-being while protecting the local
environment.
The increasing demand for sustainable and ecologically friendly energy sources
drives the necessity of examining and assessing existing research and publications
on generating free energy using a water wheel. As the globe grapples with the
difficulties of climate change and the limited nature of fossil fuels, it is critical to
investigate alternate energy sources. Water wheels, with their historical significance
and demonstrated capacity to transfer the energy of flowing water into mechanical
power, represent a viable option for clean and sustainable energy generation. We
can find innovations, efficiencies, and possible barriers to the development and
deployment of water wheel-based free energy systems by diving into the current
corpus of research on this issue. This research is a practical undertaking with far-
reaching consequences for lowering our reliance on nonrenewable energy sources
and minimizing the environmental repercussions of energy production. The

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importance of this research derives from the necessity to supply energy solutions in
areas where traditional power sources are scarce. Water wheels are especially
useful in distant or off-grid places where water resources are plentiful, providing a
chance to empower communities and improve their quality of life. We can better
understand the technological advancements, cost-effectiveness, and sustainability of
water wheel-based energy generation by critically examining existing research and
publications in this field, thereby promoting its wider adoption and contributing to a
more sustainable and equitable energy landscape. This study, in essence, tackles
the crucial requirement for clean and accessible energy solutions in a society where
environmental concerns and inequities in energy access are paramount.
Conceptual Framework
Independent Variables Dependent Variables
Free energy using water

Residence of Barangay
wheel in terms of:
Lakandula Street
 Efficiency
Jerome Ext. Agdao,
 Maintenance
Davao City
 Affordability
Fig. 2.1 Block diagram of the proposed system

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This block diagram indicates the flow of the entire system performance shown in
Figure 2.1. This project includes a dc generator that can produce power. And the first
thing we need is two water containers and a water wheel to which the DC generator
is attached. When the water strikes the water wheel and it begins to revolve, the
connected DC generator generates power. The power generates may provide up to
its capacity. And the water falls into another container will rise utilizing the tube they
place in it, and the cycle will continue.
Statement of the Problem
1. What is the demographic profile of the respondents in terms of?
1.1 Age
1.2 Gender
1.3 Civil status
2. What are respondent’s thoughts on the production of Free energy utilizing a DC
generator connected to a water wheel? In terms of?
2.1 Efficiency
2.2 Maintenance
2.3 Affordability
3. The primary goal of the “Free Energy Using Water Wheel” research is to investigate
and evaluate the potential of harvesting energy from water wheels as a sustainable
and environmentally friendly source of electricity?
Hypothesis
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The null hypothesis that by harnessing the power of flowing water via well-designed
water wheels, we can generate a sustainable and cost-effective source of free
energy that used to meet various electricity needs, reduce reliance on fossil fuels,
and contribute to a cleaner and more environmentally friendly energy future.
Significance of the Study
This study will benefit the following.
Local Neighborhoods- this discovery might have a substantial impact on rural and
distant populations located near flowing water sources. They may be able to acquire
access to a dependable source of clean energy, lessening their dependency on
fossil fuels and centralized electricity networks. This can enhance their quality of life,
economic progress, and energy security.
Students- learning opportunity, they can gain hands-on experience with renewable
energy generation, which can help them understand the principles of physics and
engineering.
School- this research maybe used at academic institutions to teach students about
renewable energy, engineering, and sustainable development. It has the potential to
inspire future generations to focus on creative solutions to energy concerns.
Future researchers - professionals can benefit from the technical insights and
breakthroughs that may arise from this study. It has the potential to increase water
wheel design, energy conversion efficiency, and associated technologies.

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Researchers - In the renewable energy industry, entrepreneurs and companies may
find chances to invest in, develop, or market water wheel technology. This study
might lead to new markets and commercial opportunities.
Water wheel energy generation research can help international organizations and
projects achieve sustainable development goals and reduce carbon emissions. It is
consistent with the larger goal of moving to greener energy sources.
Scope and Limitations
This project will dive into topics such as water flow rate, water head, water wheel
design, and energy conversion efficiency. It is to investigate the possibilities of water
wheels as a sustainable and renewable energy source with applications in power
production and other mechanical operations.
Definition of Terms
Free energy – In a broad scientific sense, free energy is the energy available in a
system that may be used to do work. It encompasses a variety of notions from
several fields, most notably in thermodynamics, where it refers to the energy that
may be used to drive processes or reactions. It includes Helmholtz free energy,
which is important to systems with constant temperature and volume, and Gibbs free
energy, which is applicable to systems with constant temperature and pressure.
Understanding free energy is critical for assessing the spontaneity of reactions or
processes, separating those that occur spontaneously from those that require an
energy input. It is a key notion in physics, chemistry, biology, and other scientific
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domains, offering insights into system behavior and transformations at the
macroscopic and microscopic levels.
Water Wheel - is a mechanical device that converts the energy of flowing or falling
water into usable work, most often rotational mechanical energy. Water wheels,
which are made up of a big wheel or a series of blades fixed on an axle, have
traditionally been used for a variety of tasks such as grinding grain, cutting wood,
and powering machines. Water running over or against the paddles or buckets of the
wheel imparts force, forcing it to revolve. By leveraging the inherent force of water,
this rotating motion may be used to directly drive machinery or turned into other
types of energy, playing a crucial part in the early development of industrial and
agricultural activities.
CHAPTER 2
METHODOLOGY
This chapter explained how the research was conducted through Research
design, Research respondents, Sampling design, Research instrument, Data
gathering procedures and Data analysis.
RESEARCH DESIGN
This study uses descriptive method of research the Development of Free
energy utilizing a DC generator connected to a water wheel located at barangay
Lakandula Street Jerome Ext. Agdao, Davao City.

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The descriptive research approach entails the procedures of introduction,
analysis, classifications, enumerations, and measurements. The main objective of
this form of research is to describe the data under investigation.
SAMPLING DESIGN:
The researchers will utilize probability sampling. With the researchers choose
a volunteer who prefers free energy generated by any type of source. Additionally,
information about the respondent’s age, gender and educational background will be
collected as a part of data collection. To guarantee that the questionnaire is effective,
the instrument of the survey will be tested for validity and readability. The survey
questionnaire findings are evaluated using frequency count, mean and ANOVA
(Analysis of Variance) technique completion.
Types of Data Respondents Tools for Data Results
Gathering Analysis
Data
Frequency Count of participant who Survey Mean, When the

the participant choose wishes to Questionnaire Frequency water strikes
a volunteer who generate free and the water
prefers free energy energy with Percentage wheel and it
generated by any type any type of begins to
of source generators revolve; the
connected
DC generator
generates
power. The
power
generates
may provide
up to its
capacity
RESEARCH INSTRUMENT
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The researchers of this study used survey questionnaire composed of three
variable parts. Accuracy, effectiveness, and Affordability.
The questionnaire will be distributed to the identified respondents.
DATA GATHERING PROCEDURES
This research project aims to investigate the development of Free energy
utilizing a DC generator connected to a water wheel. The study will require sufficient
data and information to achieve its objectives. The researchers will begin by
estimating the time required to prepare questionnaires and identifying the
appropriate location for data collection.
Afterward, the researchers will schedule session with suitable candidates to
gather relevant data and information. Once the data has been collected, it will be
verified to determine its validity and usefulness for the study. If the data collected is
not sufficient, an additional arrangement with another group of qualified individuals
will be scheduled, if necessary, to ensure that enough valid data is obtained for
analysis. This will allow the researchers to produce satisfactory results and finalize
the study.
To conduct this study, the following procedures must be executed accordingly.
Permission to the conduct the study – the researchers present a survey
questionnaire for an approval to conduct the study in barangay Lakandula Street
Jerome Ext. Agdao, Davao City.

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Distribution of the Questionnaire – the researchers provide an original copy of
questionnaire to the respondents. Each questionnaire comes with an explanation to
help you understand its significance.
Collection of Data – The questionnaire will be collected, analyzed, and interpreted
by the researchers, and the results will be translated, checked, and tailed before
being disseminate to the statistician for statistical analysis and interpretation.
RESEARCH LOCALE
The research study will be conducted through survey questionnaire prepared
by the researchers in Barangay Lakandula Street Jerome Ext. Agdao, Davao City.
RESEARCH RESPONDENTS
The respondents of the said study were selected as participant who wishes to
generate free energy with any type of generators.
DATA ANALYSIS
The following statistical tools will be utilizing in measuring and analyzing the
data of the study.
Frequency count – the calculation of how many people fit into a certain category or
the number of times a characteristic occurs.
Percentage – used to determine the percentage of the respondents of the study.
Mean – used to determine the evaluation on the efficiency of using development of
Free Energy Using Water Wheel.

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CHAPTER 3
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
This chapter presents the gathered statistics by the researchers; this includes
the graph of the collected demographic profile data in terms of age, gender and civil
status, and the respondents view on the sustainability of free energy using water
wheel among residents of barangay Lakandula Street, agdao, davao city.
Table 1. Shows the frequency (f), percentage (%) of the respondents in terms
of age.
TABLE 1 AGE
BRACKET FREQUENCY PERCENTAGE (%)
20 & BELOW 1 2%
21 - 40 44 88%
41 & ABOVE 5 10%
TOTAL 50 100%
The table above shows the demographic profile in terms of age, the respondents that
are 20 years old and below consists only 2% of the total population with the
frequency of 1 and 10 % of the total population for 41 and above while majority of the
respondents are 21-40 years old which consists 88% of the total population with the
total population of 50.

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of gender.
TABLE 2 GENDER
MALE 37 74%
FEMALE 13 26%
TOTAL 50 100%
The table above shows the demographic profile in terms of gender, the
respondents consist of Male with frequency of 37 that is 74% of the total population
and Female which has a frequency of 13 and consists of 26% of the total population.
The total population is 50.
of civil status.
TABLE 3 CIVIL STATUS
SINGLE 12 24%
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MARRIED 38 76%
TOTAL 50 100%
The table above shows the demographic profile in terms of Civil Status, the
respondents that are Single a frequency of 12 that is 24% while majority of the
respondents are married which consists 76% of the total population with a frequency
of 38. The total population is 50.
Table 4. This table shows the Indicators, Average Weighted Mean (AWM) and
descriptive rating of the sustainability of free energy using water wheel among
residents of barangay Lakandula Street, agdao, davao city.
Table 4 EFFICIENCY
ITEM 5 4 3 2 1 Tƒ AWM DR
1 17 8 17 5 3 50 3.62 A
2 16 14 11 6 3 50 3.68 A
3 19 10 10 6 5 50 3.64 A
4 20 10 10 6 4 50 3.72 A
5 20 11 7 5 7 50 3.64 A
OVERAL
92 53 55 28 22 3.66
L TOTAL
The table above shows the statistical results based on the response towards
the sustainability of free energy using water wheel among residents of barangay
lakandula street, agdao, davao city with regards to efficiency. the highest average
weighted mean is item 4 with 3.72 AWM, the lowest average weighted mean is item
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1 with 3.62 AWM, the total average weighted mean for the 5 items is _ which means
the respondents agree to the efficiency indicator.
residents of barangay Lakandula Street, agdao, davao city.
Table 5 MAINTENANCE
1 27 6 5 4 8 50 3.8 A
2 20 11 10 4 5 50 3.74 A
3 23 7 13 6 1 50 3.9 A
4 21 12 9 4 4 50 3.84 A
5 16 14 11 6 3 50 3.68 A
OVERAL
107 50 48 24 21 3.79
L TOTAL
lakandula street, agdao, davao city regards to maintenance the highest average
the respondents agree to the maintenance indicator.
residents of barangay Lakandula Street, Agdao, davao city.

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Table 6 AFFORDABILITY
1 16 14 11 6 3 50 3.68 A
2 17 13 14 3 3 50 3.76 A
3 20 10 10 6 4 50 3.72 A
4 19 13 11 5 2 50 3.84 A
5 16 14 14 3 3 50 3.74 A
OVERAL
88 64 60 23 15 3.74
L TOTAL
4.50-5.00=SA|3.50-4.49=A|2.50-3.49=MA|1.50-2.49=DA|1.00-1.49=SDA
lakandula street, agdao, davao city with regards to affordability. the highest average
the respondents agree to the time usage indicator.
Table 7. This table shows the Average Weighted Mean (AWM), F-test computed
and F-test Tabulated to determine if there is a significant difference between
the indicator with the group according to the demographic profile.

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TABLE 7 INDICATOR
PROFILE EFFICIENCY MAINTENANCE AFFORDABILITY
AGE 4.7 4.6 4.8
GENDER 4.3 4.3 4.1
CIVIL STATUS 4.6 4.1 4.6
The table above shows the data that is based on the calculation of the age,
gender, civil status, versus the efficiency, safety, environmental factor, and their total
average weighted mean, then the AWM will be used for the computation in terms of
demographic profile of the respondents to determine the F-test using the ANOVA
table.
Table 8. This table shows the analysis of variance with the following
components required for F-computed and F-tabulated.
TABLE 8 ANOVA TABLE
SV SS df ms Fc
20 & BELOW 0.07 2 0.035 Fc = 0.427
21 - 40 0.49 6 0.082 Ft = 5.14
41 & ABOVE 0.54 8 ∝=5 %
f-computed (Fc) and F – Tabulated (Ft) to determine if the hypothesis is
accepted or rejected.
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Since f-computed =0.427 is less than f-tabulated=5.14 at 5% level of, therefore the
hypothesis is accepted, that means that there is no significant difference on the
sustainability of free energy using water wheel among residents of barangay
lakandula street, agdao, davao city when in group according to the demographic
profile.
CHAPTER 4
SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATION
This chapter contains the summary, conclusions, and recommendation of the
study on of the sustainability of free energy using water wheel among residents of
barangay lakandula street, agdao, davao city.
SUMMARY
This study is conducted to determine the Efficiency, Maintenance, and
Affordability upon the application of sustainability of free energy using water wheel.
The researchers gathered relevant literatures and studies to back our study in
terms of the indicators, then the researchers used experimental method and with
the use of survey questionnaires, and to specify the data collection a Liker scale is
used to determine the level of significance of the study to the respondents, the
survey was conducted on the school year 2023-2024.
After the collection of the data, the researchers then proceed to the analysis
of the acquired data using computation of average weighted mean, total frequency
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and determining the descriptive rating for the demographic profile versus the
Accuracy, Effectiveness, and Affordability upon the sustainability of free energy
using water wheel, followed by the computation for the F-test and ANOVA table.
The tables also show that in the indicators for Accuracy, Effectiveness, and
Affordability factors shows that the respondents agree to the indicators, where the
indicators for Accuracy have 3.66 AWM where the respondents agree, 3.79 AWM
for the indicators for Effectiveness and 3.74 for the indicators of Affordability.
This gives the study of the sustainability of free energy using water wheel
among residents of barangay Lakandula Street, agdao, davao city the descriptive
rating of "agree" based on the response of the respondents.
CONCLUSION
The research concludes that the sustainability of free energy using water
wheel is proven to be functional. After careful device organization, execution, as well
as several trials the study is to be upgraded into well founded work. This gives the
Water wheels for free energy are a sustainable notion since they capture the power
of flowing water while producing no pollution. However, its viability varies depending
on elements such as steady water supply, maintenance requirements, and the
environmental effect of the wheel. Overall, while water wheels have the potential for
renewable energy, their actual sustainability is dependent on site-specific
considerations and proper maintenance when in group according to the demographic
profile.
RECCOMENDATION
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Overall, this research has developed an efficient way using a water wheel to
generate free energy is an excellent method to practice sustainability. By utilizing the
natural force of flowing water, you are effectively tapping into sustainable energy that
does not produce pollution or deplete resources. This method not only generates
clean energy but also creates a relationship with nature, fostering a harmonic and
environmentally beneficial approach to energy generating.
Future researchers can make modifications to the study to make it even
better. In order to maximize the sustainability of renewable energy using water
wheels, future studies might concentrate on improving the materials and design of
water wheels to increase their efficiency. Furthermore, investigating methods to
include cutting-edge technology, such as smart controls and sensors, may improve
their functionality. It would also be essential to work with environmental specialists to
guarantee that the use of this renewable energy source had the least possible
negative ecological impact.
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A.H.A. Bahaj et al.

Power and thrust measurements of marine current turbines under various
hydrodynamic flow conditions in a cavitation tunnel and a towing tank
Renewable Energy
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APPENDIX A
COMPUTATION
∑A = 13.6 ∑A2 = 61.65 N=9

Tel. No. (082)225-3756/226-4560
∑B =13 ∑B2 = 56.46 n=3
∑C =13.5 ∑C2 = 60.01 k=3
2
(∑ A+ ∑ B+ ∑ C)
TSS = ∑A2∑B2∑C2 -
N
2
(13.6+178.67 +13.5)
TSS = (61.65 + 178.7 + 60.75) -
9
TSS = 0.02
( ∑ A ) 2+ ( ∑B ) 2+(∑ C)2 (∑ A+ ∑ B+ ∑ C)2

SSB = -
n N
( 13.6 ) 2+ ( 13 ) 2+(13.5)2 (13.6+13+ 13.5)2

SSB = -
3 9
SSB = 178.74 – 178.67 = 0.7
SSW = TSS – SSB
SSW = 0.54 – 0.7 = 0.49
Dfb = k -1 = 3-1 = 2
Dfw = N-k = 9-3 = 6
Dft = N-1 = 9-1 = 8
Age vs. Efficiency
20-below years old

Tel. No. (082)225-3756/226-4560
Q 5 4 3 2 1 TF AMW
1 1 1 5
2 1 1 5
3 1 1 4
4 1 1 5
5 1 1 4
4.6
21-40 years old
Q 5 4 3 2 1 TF AMW
1 40 4 44 4.9
2 38 6 44 4.8
3 35 4 1 44 4.7
4 37 5 2 44 4.7
5 42 2 44 4.9
4.8
41- above years old
Q 5 4 3 2 1 TF AMW
1 4 1 5 4.8
2 5 5 5
3 3 2 5 4.6
4 4 1 5 4.8
5 5 5 5
4.8
Age VS. Maintenance
20-below years old
Q 5 4 3 2 1 TF AMW
1 1 1 5
2 1 1 4
3 1 1 5
4 1 1 5
5 1 1 5
Tel. No. (082)225-3756/226-4560
4.8
21-40 years old
Q 5 4 3 2 1 TF AMW
1 40 2 2 44 4.8
2 43 1 44 4.9
3 40 3 1 44 4.8
4 44 44 5
5 43 1 44 4.9
4.88
41- above years old
Q 5 4 3 2 1 TF AMW
1 4 1 5 4.8
2 4 1 5 4.8
3 5 5 4
4 5 5 4
5 5 5 4
4.32
Age vs. Affordability
20-below years old
Q 5 4 3 2 1 TF AMW
1 1 1 5
2 1 1 5
3 1 1 5
4 1 1 4
5 1 1 5
4.8
21-40 years old

Tel. No. (082)225-3756/226-4560
Q 5 4 3 2 1 TF AMW
1 40 4 44 4.9
2 42 2 44 4.9
3 43 1 44 4.9
4 44 44 5
5 43 1 44 4.9
4.9
41- above years old
Q 5 4 3 2 1 TF AMW
1 5 5 5
2 4 1 5 4.8
3 5 5 5
4 5 5 5
5 5 5 5
4.9
Civil Status vs. Efficiency
Single
Q 5 4 3 2 1 TF AMW
1 6 5 1 12 4.8
2 6 4 2 12 4.5
3 6 6 2 12 4.4
4 10 2 12 4.8
5 7 3 2 12 4.3
4.48
Married
Q 5 4 3 2 1 TF AMW
1 30 4 4 38 4.7
2 20 10 8 38 4.3
3 25 10 3 38 4.6
4 30 8 38 4.8
5 35 2 1 38 4.9
Tel. No. (082)225-3756/226-4560
4.66
Civil Status vs. Maintenance
Single
Q 5 4 3 2 1 TF AMW
1 8 2 2 12 4.4
2 8 3 1 12 4.6
3 10 2 12 4.8
4 6 5 1 12 4.4
5 8 3 1 12 4.5
4.54
Single
Q 5 4 3 2 1 TF AMW
1 36 2 38 4.9
2 30 4 4 38 4.7
3 35 2 1 38 4.9
4 32 6 38 4.8
5 33 3 2 38 4.8
4.82
Civil Status Vs. Affordability
Single
Q 5 4 3 2 1 TF AMW
1 8 4 12 4.7
2 10 2 12 4.8
3 9 3 12 3.9
4 7 4 1 12 4.4
5 10 2 12 4.8
4.52
Tel. No. (082)225-3756/226-4560
Married
Q 5 4 3 2 1 TF AMW
1 35 2 1 38 4.9
2 30 4 4 38 4.9
3 29 6 3 38 5
4 35 2 1 38 4.7
5 36 2 38 4.9
4.88
Gender Vs. Efficiency
Male
Q 5 4 3 2 1 TF AMW
1 16 13 8 37 4.2
2 17 14 6 37 4.3
3 15 18 4 37 4.3
4 23 8 6 37 4.4
5 15 18 4 37 4.3
4.3
Female
Q 5 4 3 2 1 TF AMW
1 7 4 2 13 4.4
2 8 3 2 13 4.5
3 8 3 2 13 4.5
4 5 5 3 13 4.1
5 7 4 2 13 4.4
4.48
Gender Vs. Maintenance
Male
Tel. No. (082)225-3756/226-4560
Q 5 4 3 2 1 TF AMW
1 20 10 7 37 4.3
2 23 8 6 37 4.5
3 17 12 8 37 4.2
4 22 10 5 37 4.5
5 16 13 8 37 4.2
4.34
Female
Q 5 4 3 2 1 TF AMW
1 7 4 2 13 4.4
2 5 5 3 13 4.1
3 8 3 2 13 4.5
4 6 4 3 13 4.8
5 5 5 3 13 4.1
4.38
Gender Vs. Affordability
Male
Q 5 4 3 2 1 TF AMW
1 17 8 6 37 3.6
2 20 10 7 37 4.3
3 18 13 6 37 4.5
4 22 10 5 37 4.4
5 25 8 4 37 4.6
4.3
Female
Q 5 4 3 2 1 TF AMW
1 9 2 2 13 4.5
Tel. No. (082)225-3756/226-4560
2 8 3 2 13 4.6
3 10 2 1 13 4.7
4 7 3 3 13 4.3
5 8 4 1 13 4.5
4.50

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MATS College of Technology

R. Castillo St., Agdao, Davao City

“Sustainability Of Free Energy Using Water Wheel Among Residents Of Barangay

Presented to the Faculty of the College of Engineering

MATS College of Technology

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of

Bachelor of Science in Electrical Engineering

Pugo, Carl David L.

PROBLEM AND RELATED LITERATURE

The development of sustainable and renewable energy sources has never

concerns. In my research on “Free Energy Using Water Wheels,” I set out to

on renewable sources, like hydropower plants (Banja et al., n.d., European

Commission, 2009a, European Commission, 2009b). The second challenge is to

A dedication to sustainability and environmental responsibility is at the heart

small-scale systems that might empower individual families to large-scale

installations that can considerably contribute to regional energy networks.

grid locations, while decreasing our reliance on traditional fossil fuels.

of such systems, ultimately contributing to the larger conversation on sustainable

to a future powered by cleaner, more accessible energy sources. (Dana Colson,

Review Related Literature

current energy requirements.

Hydropower represents an interesting option to satisfy both the challenges.

ecosystems: flooding of large areas upstream, interruption of the river longitudinal

connectivity, changing in the hydrological regime and sediment transport processes

and as easy access to energy.

trapped sediments are minimized (Bozhinova et al., 2013). Therefore, maintenance

The Philippines is one of many developing countries that face a continuously

supplies to consumers in recent years (Ayson et al., 2010). The Philippines

14,348 MW and 10,361 MW to 21,621 MW and 15,393 MW, respectively. In 2017,

installed and average available capacities, respectively, among which hydropower

contributed 16.83% (3683 MW) (Department of Energy, 2017a).

generation of 5,170,538 MWh, 7% of which is geothermal, 7% is oil-based, 38% is

geothermal sources, 1080 MW from hydropower, 59 MW from solar networks, and

MW (40.80%) (Department of Energy, 2017a). Evidently, hydropower contributes

increase in the country’s production. For example, the additional hydropower

1.9 Mtoe in 2010 to 2.4 Mtoe in 2011 (Ayson et al., 2010).

Despite these power generation capacities, the continuously increasing demand

(Bangsamoro Development Agency, 2014). In fact, the maximum peak demand of

power in Mindanao reached approximately 1,696 MW in April 2017 (Department of

Energy, 2017a). This consistently increasing demand constitutes a major challenge,

increased by only 78.39 MW since 2010 (Department of Energy, 2017b). Therefore,

as of June 2017, the power sector needs to add at least 13,088.31 MW of

hydropower to meet the domes

facets of renewable energy research and development on a global scale.

technologies to improve the efficiency of water wheel-based power production

undershot, overshot, and breast shot wheels, as well as integrating contemporary

materials and control technologies to improve their performance. Furthermore,

international initiatives frequently focus on the environmental sustainability of such

investigating strategies to mitigate any negative effects. Collaborative initiatives

energy-efficient but also ecologically responsible, so helping to the worldwide shift to

or underserved communities in remote or underserved areas with limited access to

collaboration and information exchange to adapt water wheel technology to different

geographical and climatic situations, ultimately contributing to the larger objective of

boosting global energy availability and decreasing dependency on fossil fuels.

power of flowing water to generate electricity and benefit local communities.

particularly in rural regions where access to conventional power is restricted. These

effective energy source, reducing their reliance on non-renewable energy and

highlights the significance of environmental sustainability in water wheel technology.