o ifj.kkedkjdrk& ,d vH;klß
la”kks/kd
Lka”kks/ku ekxZn”kZd
vH;kldsanz
Hkk’kk “kCn ^Hkk’k~^ ;k /kkrwiklwu cuyk vkgs- ^Hkk’k~^ gk laLd`r Hkk’ksrhy ewG /kkrw
vkgs- R;kpk vFkZ ^cksy.ks^ fdaok ^cksy.;kpk O;ogkj^ dj.ks vlk vkgs- vkiY;k eukrhy
fopkj ^cksywu nk[ko.ks^ gs Hkk’ksps egÙokps Lo#i vkgs- ;k i`Fohrykoj ek.klkaph mRdzkarh
gksr vlrkuk Hkk’kspkgh fodkl gksr xsyk- izkphu@v”e;qxhu dkGkr euq’; xqgsr rFkk
taxykr jkgr vls f”kdkjhlkBh rks vkiY;k eq[kkrwu osxosxG;k izdkjps brj
izk.;kalkj[kk /ouh@vkokt dk<r vlss] gs /ouh osxosxGîk izdkjps vlk;ps izR;sd
/ouhpk mPpkj gk osxGk vFkZ@lans”k ?ksÅu fu?kr vlrks- rlsp dkgh /ouhaps mPpkj.k
gs iqUg% iqUg% gksr vls] R;keqGs iqUg% iqUg% mPpkjY;k tk.kkÚ;k /ouhauk fof”k’V vFkZ izkIr
>kyk] v”kk vFkZiw.kZ /ouhrwup Hkk’ksph fufeZrh >kysyh vkgs- dkykarjkus v”e;qxhu
dkGkrhy euq’;kr [kwi eksBk cny >kyk vkgs] vXuhP;k “kks/kkuarj rks ek.klkaP;k
lewgke/;s@VksGhe/;s jkgw ykxyk brjka”kh vkiY;k eukrhy lq[k&nq%[k] vuqHko] Hkkouk]
fopkjfofue; bR;knh brjkaleksj Hkk’ksP;k ek/;ekrwu O;Dr d# ykxyk] R;keqGs ,d
izdkjpk vkuan R;kyk gksr vls- Eg.kwup Ekuq’; gk leqgkr jkg.kkjk lekt”khy izk.kh
vkgs- rks i`Fohrykojhy brj izk.;kis{kk loZJs’B cq/nhoku izk.kh vkgs] rks lektkr jkgwu
Hkk’ksP;k vk/kkjkoj vkiys Lor%ps Hkkouk] vuqHko] fopkj fofue; bR;knh cksy.;kP;k
ek/;ekrwu brjka”kh O;Dr djr vlrks- Hkkjr ns”k gk fofo/krsus uVysyk ns”k vkgs] ;k
ns”kkr fofo/k tkrh /kekZrhy] lektkrhy yksd jkgrkr] izR;sdkaph laLd`rh] cksyhHkk’kk]
jkg.kheku] iks’kk[k] O;olk;] lu mRlo] gs osxosxGs vkgsr- euq’; gk vkiY;k /kekZP;k
laLd`rh cjkscj nqlÚ;k /kekZP;k laLd`rhpk vknj djhr vlrks rks brjkaP;k lu mRlokr
lgHkkxh gksr vlrks] Eg.kwup fofo/krsr ,drk fuekZ.k dj.;kps dke gs Hkk’kk djr vlrs-
o rlsp Ekuq’;kyk lektkr okojrkuk izR;sdkyk nSuafnu O;ogkj lqjGhri.ks ikj
ikM.;kph ,[kk|k ek/;ekph xjt iMrs- rs ek/;e Eg.kts Hkk’kk gks;-
1- CykWd o VªWxj %& ßHkk’kk gh /ofu;qDr fpUgkaph v”kh LoSfPNd i/nrh vkgs dh
ftP;kenrhus lkekftd xV laizs’k.k o ,desdka”kh lgdk;Z d: “kdrks-ß
fuR;uqru uksOgsacj 2007 izdk”ku] ejkBhps vk”k;;qDr v/;kiu] MkW- vjfoan nquk[ks
2- lsfij %& ßLor%ps fopkj] Hkko rlsp bPNk] dYius}kjs fufeZr /ofufpUgkaP;k
ek/;ekus laizsf’kr dj.;klkBh iw.kZi.ks ekuokus iz;RuiwoZd fuekZ.k dsysyh] mitr
ulysyh i/nrh Eg.kts Hkk’kk gks;-ß fuR;uqru uksOgsacj 2007 izdk”ku] ejkBhps
vk”k;;qDr v/;kiu] MkW- vjfoan nquk[ks
3- dzkps %& ßHkk’kk vfHkO;DrhP;k n`’Vhus mPpkj.k o Bjkohd /ouhaps la?kVu gks;-ß
fujkyh izdk”ku] ejkBh izFke Hkk’kk] ,fizy 2008] MkW- ufyuh Hkjr fipM] MkW-
jkenkl gjhHkkÅ cjdys] MkW- “khyk HkjrdqEkkj dksyVdj
4- LohV%&ß/ouhe; “kCnka}kjk fopkjkaps izdVhdj.k Eg.ktsp Hkk’kk gks;-Þ fujkyh
izdk”ku] ejkBh izFke Hkk’kk] ,fizy 2008] MkW- ufyuh Hkjr fipM] MkW- jkenkl
gjhHkkÅ cjdys] MkW- “khyk HkjrdqEkkj dksyVdj
Ekkr`Hkk’kk@ek;cksyh ejkBh%&
Hkk’kkrTK Jh- x- fo- vdksydjkauh ekr`Hkk’ksph vfr”k; lqanj O;k[;k dsyh vkgs rs
Eg.krkr&
ygku ewy T;kosGsl vkiY;k dqVwackr vkbZP;k eq[kkrwu fu?kkysys “kCn] /ouh]
Hkk’kk xzg.k fdaok vkRelkr djrks] frp Hkk’kk rks lektkr rFkk “kkGsr cksyr vlrks-
“kkys; Lrjkoj ejkBh ek/;ekP;k “kkGsrhy fo|kFkhZ b;RRkk ifgyh iklwu rs
egkfo|ky;hu Lrjki;Zar rks loZ fo’k;kpk vH;kl ekr`Hkk’ksrwu djr vlrks- dkj.k R;kyk
ekr`Hkk’kk ygkui.kkiklwu voxr >kysyh vlrs- brj Hkk’ksP;k rqyusr R;k ckydkyk
ekr`Hkk’kk@ejkBh Hkk’kk let.;kl vf/kd lqyHk o lksih okVrs Eg.kwu rks visf{kr
/;s;ki;Zar iksgpw “kdrks- baxzth ek/;ekP;k “kkGsrhy fo|kF;kZauk ejkBh Hkk’kspk ik;k iDdk
ulY;keqGs rks visf{kr /;s;ki;Zar iksgpw “kdr ukgh- ,danjhr vH;klkr rks [kwi ekxs
vlrks- Eg.kwu f”k{k.kkph] vH;kldzekph] visf{kr mfí’Vs lk/; gksr ukghr- f”k{k.kkph rFkk
vH;kldzekph mfí’Vs lk/; dj.;klkBh “kkGse/;s v/;;u&v/;kiu izfdz;k [kwi egÙokph
vlrs] v/;;u&v/;kiu izfdz;k gh ekr`Hkk’ksrwu gksr vlrs- Eg.kwu ekr`Hkk’kk gs
v/;;u&v/;kiukps izHkkoh ek/;e vkgs- lkekftd o lkaLd`frd okjlkps /kMs] ejkBh
lkfgR;kph vkoM fuekZ.k dj.;kps lk/ku] fopkj] Hkkouk o vuqHko bR;knhapk vH;kl
“kkys; Lrjkoj ekr`Hkk’ksrwu djrk ;srks- ukxjhdRokpk fodkl] rlsp brj fo’k;ka”kh
lglaca/kkpk vH;klgh ekr`Hkk’ksrwu djrk ;srks-
vkgs-Þ
ojhy fofo/k fopkjoarkaP;k fopkjkrwu vls fnlwu ;srs dh] O;DrhP;k lokZaxh.k
fodklklkBh o fof”k’V v”kk fuf”pr /;s;ki;Zar tk.;klkBh “kkys; Lrjkoj ekr`Hkk’ksps
[kwi egÙokps vkgs-
vkLokn %&
vkLokn gk “kCn ikd”kkL=krwu vkysyk vkgs- laLd`r Hkk’kse/;s R;kpk vFkZ po ?ks.ks]
fdaok [kkÅu ikg.ks vlk vkgs- baxzthe/;s vkLoknkyk (Taste) vls Eg.krkr- Eg.ktsp
vkLOkknkyk ikd”kkL=kr ,[kk|k inkFkkZph po d”kh >kysyh vkgs] gs ikg.ks gks;- rks
pkaxyk >kyk vkgs dh ukgh ;kph ikj[k vkLoknkrwu y{kkr ;srs- lkekU;r% vkLokn gk
“kCn ,[kk|k xks’VheqGs gks.kkjk vkuan] lq[k] lek/kku oxSjs n”kZforks- Hkk’kk”kkL=kr vkLokn
gh ladYiuk ikd”kkL=krwu vkysyh vkgs-
ejkBh Hkk’ksph vkLoknizfdz;k %&
laiw.kZ txkr 3000 P;k vklikl Hkk’kk cksyY;k tkrkr- laiw.kZ txkkr Hkk’kkaph
la[;k tjh [kwi vlyh rjh izR;sdkph ekr`Hkk’kk ,dp vlrs- TkUekyk vkysY;k ckydk”kh
R;kph vkbZ T;k Hkk’ksr cksyrs rh R;k ckydkph ekr`Hkk’kk vlrs- vkbZ vkiY;k ckGkyk
,dsd “kCn cksyk;yk f”kdfors- lq#okrhyk ckG QDr ,sdr vlrks- uarj R;kP;kr
“kkjhfjd ok< o ekufld fodkl >kY;koj rs ,sdysys “kCn cksy.;kpk iz;Ru djrks-
Eg.kwup Hkk’kkfodklkps ifgys dkS”kY; gs Jo.k gks;- Jo.k dkS”kY;kuarj ckyd cksyk;yk]
fygk;yk vkf.k okpk;yk f”kdr vlrks- gs pkj Hkkf’kd dkS”kY; vkRelkr dsY;koj
O;Drh txkrhy dks.kR;kgh Hkk’ksoj izHkqRo fEkGow “kdrks-
dks.kR;kgh Hkk’kspk vkLokn ?;k;pk vlsy rj Hkk’ksPks pkj dkS”kY; vkRelkr djkos
ykxrkr- R;kpcjkscj izR;sd dkS”kY;koj vfHk#ph@vkoM fuekZ.k djkos ykxrs- gh
vfHk#ph xjtsrwu fuekZ.k gksr vlrs- “kkys; Lrjkoj ygku eqykauk ;k Hkkf’kd dkS”kY;kpk
fodkl djk;pk vlsy rj b;Rrk ifgyhiklwu rs egkfo|ky;hu Lrjki;Zar R;k
fo|kF;kZauk lq#okrhyk lksih] ifjfpr o vkoMhph cMcM xhrs] dfork] xks’Vh@dFkk o
rlsp ifjfpr izlaxkrhy laHkk’k.k o letwu ,sdo.ks] eqGk{kjs] ckjk[kMh o R;kiklwu NksVh
NksVh vFkZiw.kZ “kCn] okD;s] ;kps okpu djrk ;s.ks dfork pkyhoj Eg.k.ks] oxkZr
fopkjysY;k iz”ukaph mRrjs ns.ks] lg”kkys; midzekr tls oknfookn o oDr`Ùo v”kk
midzekr lgHkkxh gks.ks o rlsp vuqys[ku] Jqrys[ku vkf.k xfrys[ku bR;knh ys[kukrhy
dkS”kY; fodflr dj.ks ojhy pkj Hkkf’kd dkS”kY;kapk fodkl “kkys; Lrjkrp gksr
vlrks- o rlsp ejkBh Hkk’ksrhy fofo/k ys[kdkaps osxosxGîk lkfgR; izdkjkpk vH;kl
dj.ks egÙokps Bjrs] Eg.kwu v”kk fofo/k dkS”kY;koj vk/kkjhr R;k fo|kF;kZyk ejkBh
Hkk’kscíy vkoM fuekZ.k gksrs] vkoM fuekZ.k >kY;kuarj R;k Hkk’kspk vkLokn ?ksrk ;srks -
vktps ;qx gs 21 O;k “krdkrys vkgs- vkt ra=KkukeqGs izR;sd {ks=kr >ikVîkus
fodkl gksr vkgs- ekfgrh o ra=KkukeqGs Kkukpk izLQksV >kysyk vkgs- {k.kk/kkZr
baVjusVP;k ek/;ekrwu txkrhy dkukdksiÚ;kph ekfgrh feGr vkgs- vkt ekfgrh o
ra=Kkukpk fodkl f”k{k.kkrwu >kysyk vkgs- f”k{k.kkf”kok; txkrhy dqBY;kgh ?kVdkr
cny@izxrh gksr ukgh- Eg.kwu vkt f”k{k.kkf”kok; Ik;kZ; ukgh-
vktpk fo|kFkhZ gk ;k ns”kkpk Hkkoh ukxjhd gks.kkj vkgs] R;keqGs vkt “kkys;
Lrjkoj ckydkpk ¼“kkjhfjd] ekufld] Hkkofud]½ vlk lokZaxh.k fodkl gks.ks xjtsps
vkgs] “kkGsrhy fofo/k fo’k;kP;k vH;klkrwu o vH;klsÙkj fofo/k midzekrwup ckydkpk
lokZaxh.k fodkl gksr vlrks] Eg.kwu “kkGse/;s loZp fo’k;kps Kku ns.ks xjtsps vkgs-
Hkkjr ns”k gk fofo/krsus uVysyk ns”k vkgs- ;k ns”kkr fofo/k tkrh /kekZrhy yksd
jkgrkr- izR;sd tkrh /kekZph laLd`rh gh osxosxGh vkgs- izR;sdkph cksYkhHkk’kk] O;olk;]
jkg.kheku] iks’kk[k] lkekftd Lrj gk osxosxGk vkgs- Eg.kwu ;k ns”kkrhy izR;sdkP;k
laLd`rhps n”kZu gs “kkys; Lrjkojhy fofo/k fo’k;kP;k vH;klkrwu gksr vlrks-
vkt Hkkjrkrhy cgqrka”k jkT;kr baxzth ek/;ekP;k “kkGsr [kwi ok< >kysyh vkgs-
Eg.kwu izknsf”kd Hkk’ksyk nq¸;e LFkku fnys xsys vkgs- R;kr egkjk’Vªkrgh baxzth ek/;ekaP;k
“kkGsr izknsf”kd Hkk’kk ejkBh ;k fo’k;kyk nq¸;e LFkku fnys xsys vkgs- R;keqGs baxzth
ek/;ekP;k “kkGsrhy fo|kFkhZ gs ejkBh ek/;ekP;k “kkGsrhy fo|kF;kZais{kk ejkBh ;k
fo’k;kP;k vH;klkr [kwi ekxs vkgsr- vtwugh baxzth ek/;ekP;k “kkGsrhy fo|kF;kZae/;s
Jo.k] okpu] Hkk’k.k] ys[ku gh Hkkf’kd dkS”kY;s fodflr >kysyh ukghr] R;keqGs R;kaP;kr
ejkBh Hkk’ksps vkLoknu dkS”kY;kpk fodkl >kysyk ukgh-
vkt baxt
z h ek/;ekP;k “kkGsrhy fo|kFkhZ gk ejkBh fo’k;ke/;s KkukFkhZ ulwu rks
QDr ijh{kkFkhZ cuysyk vkgs] Eg.kwu rks brj fo’k;kis{kk ejkBh ;k fo’k;ke/;s [kwi ekxs
vkgs] R;kaP;kr izxrh gks.ks [kwi xjtsps vkgs- baxt
z h ek/;ekP;k “kkGsrhy fo|kF;kZae/;s tj
izknsf”kd Hkk’kk ejkBh ;k fo’k;kP;k v/;;u&v/;kiukr cny dj.ks [kwi egÙokps vkgs-
v/;;u&v/;kiu gh izfdz;k gs vH;kldzekph mfnn~’Vs lk/; dj.;kps [kwi eksBs lk/ku
vkgs- v/;;u&v/;kiukr fofo/k v/;kiu i/nrh] v/;kiukph lw=s] ;kapk v/;kiukr okij
d#u v/;kiukr ukfoU;rk vk.k.ks] v/;;u&v/;kiukP;k ek/;ekrwu fo|kF;kZae/;s Jo.k]
okpu] Hkk’k.k] ys[ku] gh Hkkf’kd dkS”kY;s vkRelkr d#u Hkkf’kd Kku vf/kd o`/nhaxr
djrk ;srs] R;kpcjkscj osxosxGs vH;kliwjd lg”kkys; midzekrwulq/nk ejkBh Hkk’ksps
Kku vf/kd izek.kkr ?ksrk ;srs- Hkk’kk iz;ksx”kkGsrwu fo|kF;kZae/;s “kCnHkkaMkjkph Kkuo`/nh
djrk ;srs o rlsp ejkBh Hkk’ksP;k O;kdj.kkrwu ejkBh Hkk’kk cksy.;kps o fyfg.;kps fu;e
vH;klrk ;sr vlrkr-
ekRk`Hkk’kscíy vkoM fuekZ.k dj.;kps lokZr mÙke lk/ku Eg.kts Jo.k] okpu]
ys[ku] vkf.k Hkk’k.k gs Hkkf’kd dkS”kY; gks;- ygkui.kkiklwup dqVwackr okojr vlrkuk
ckydke/;s Jo.k] Hkk’k.k ;k Hkkf’kd dkS”kY;kP;k ek/;ekrwu xks’V] xk.ks ,sd.;kph o
Eg.k.;kph] ukVîkRedjhR;k cksy.;kph vkoM fuekZ.k >kysyh vlrs- ckydkar “kkys;
Lrjkoj v{kjvksG[k >kY;kuarj vFkZiw.kZ NksVs&NksVs “kCnkaps okpu o vFkZiw.kZ okD;jpusps
okpu dj.;kps Kku vkRelkr dsysY;kuarj ekr`Hkk’ksrhy osxosxGh iqLrds ckyd lgt
okpw “kdrks- Eg.kwu ejkBh ;k ekr`Hkk’ksP;k vkoMheqGs O;Drhps thou le`/n gksrs- frpk
thoukrhy loZ {ks=karhy vuqHkoka”kh ifjp; gksrks- O;Drh cgqJqr gksrs- frP;k vfHkO;Drhoj
pkaxyk ifj.kke gksrks o ejkBh Hkk’kspk nqlÚ;koj izHkko ikM.;kl enr gksr-s lkekftd
O;ogkjkr O;fDryk vkRefo”oklkus okx.;kph “kDrh Hkk’ksP;k vH;klkeqGs izkIr gksrs o rh
lqlaLd`r curs Eg.kwu fo|kF;kZae/;s ejkBh Hkk’ksps vkLoknu dkS”kY; fodkl dk;Zdzekph
fufeZrh dj.ks o R;kph ifj.kkedkjdrk vH;kl.;klkBh la”kks/kdkyk lnj la”kks/ku
fo’k;kpk vH;kl dj.ks egÙokpk okVrks -
ßjk’Vªh; “kS{kf.kd /kksj.k 2020 uqlkj Bjoysys “kS{kf.kd Lrj 5+3+3+4 e/khy
5+3+3+4 gk ek/;fed Lrj gks;-ß o
ßjk"Vªh; 'kS{kf.kd /kksj.k 1986 uqlkj Bjoysys 'kS{kf.kd Lrj 10$2$3 e/khy
b;Ùkk 10 oh Ik;Zarpk ek/;fed Lrj gks;-Þ
1-4-4 ejkBh
1-4-5 Hkk’kk
1- CykWd o VªWxj %& ßHkk’kk gh /ofu;qDr fpUgkaph v”kh LoSfPNd i/nrh vkgs dh
ftP;k enrhus lkekftd xV laizs’k.k o ,desdka”kh lgdk;Z d: “kdrks-ß
fuR;uqru uksOgsacj 2007 izdk”ku] ejkBhps vk”k;;qDr v/;kiu] MkW- vjfoan
nquk[ks
2 lqdwekj lsu %& ÞdaBk}kjs fu?kkysyk lkFkZ /ouh lqPp; Eg.kts Hkk’kk gks;-Þ
1-4-7 dkS”kY;
1-4-8 fodkl
1-4-10 Ikfj.kkedkjdrk
1-4-11 ,d vH;kl
egÙo vH;kl.ks-
fodlu dj.ks-
1-6-2 baxzth ek/;ekP;k fo|kF;kZalanHkkZr ejkBh Hkk’ksrhy fofo/k Hkkf’kd dkS”kY;kpk vH;kl
1-6-3 ejkBh Hkk’ksP;k vkLoknu dkS”kY; fodklkP;k ?kVdkapk “kks/k ?ksrk ;srks-
1-6-6 ejkBh Hkk’ksrhy lkfgR; vkLOkknu dkS”kY; fodkl dk;Zdzekph fufeZrh d#u
Lka”kks/kdkus fuoMysyk la”kks/kukpk fo’k; gk vo?kM vkgs ;kr osG] dkG] vkf.k
iSlk ;kph e;kZnk iMrs ;kr izeq[k e;kZnk [kkyhyizek.ks vkgsr-
IkzLrqr la”kks/kuklkBh la”kks/kd lqxe ;kn`fPNd uequk fuoM i/nrhpk okij dj.kkj
vkgs- lqxe ;kn`fPNd uequk Eg.kts tula[;srhy izR;sd ?kVdkl fdaok ,ddkl ;k
i/nrhr fuoMys tk.;kph leku “kD;rk vlrs- Eg.ktsp dks.kR;kgh izdkjpk i{k%ikr u
gksrk tula[;k ?kVdkaP;k U;kn”kkZr varHkwZr gks.;kph leku la/kh fEkG.ks gks;-