Cambridge IGCSE: CHEMISTRY 0620/41

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Cambridge IGCSE™
*5656332582*

CHEMISTRY0620/41
Paper 4 Theory (Extended) October/November 2022

 1 hour 15 minutes

You must answer on the question paper.

No additional materials are needed.

INSTRUCTIONS
● Answer all questions.
● Use a black or dark blue pen. You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs.
● Write your name, centre number and candidate number in the boxes at the top of the page.
● Write your answer to each question in the space provided.
● Do not use an erasable pen or correction fluid.
● Do not write on any bar codes.
● You may use a calculator.
● You should show all your working and use appropriate units.

INFORMATION
● The total mark for this paper is 80.
● The number of marks for each question or part question is shown in brackets [ ].
● The Periodic Table is printed in the question paper.

This document has 16 pages. Any blank pages are indicated.

IB22 11_0620_41/2RP
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1 The names of the elements of Period 2 of the Periodic Table are shown.

lithium beryllium boron carbon nitrogen oxygen fluorine neon

Answer the following questions about these elements.


Each element may be used once, more than once or not at all.

Identify the element which:

(a) is a product of photosynthesis

............................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) has an oxide found in clean, dry air

............................................................................................................................................... [1]

(c) forms a basic oxide with the formula X2O

............................................................................................................................................... [1]

(d) is a main component of fertilisers used to improve crop growth

............................................................................................................................................... [1]

(e) has the highest rate of diffusion at room temperature

............................................................................................................................................... [1]

(f) produces a red flame in a flame test

............................................................................................................................................... [1]

(g) has only 5 electrons in each of its atoms

............................................................................................................................................... [1]

(h) has an oxide responsible for acid rain.

............................................................................................................................................... [1]

 [Total: 8]

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2 Potassium is a Group I element.

(a) Name and describe the bonding in potassium.

name ...........................................................................................................................................

description ..................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................................
[4]

(b) Potassium combines with sulfur to form an ionic compound, potassium sulfide, K2S.

(i) Give two physical properties of ionic compounds.

1 ...........................................................................................................................................

2 ...........................................................................................................................................
[2]

(ii) Complete the dot-and-cross diagram to show the electron arrangement and charges of
the ions in potassium sulfide.

....... .......

K S

.......

[3]

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(c) When potassium is added to water, it reacts vigorously and a coloured flame is seen.
The equation for the reaction is shown.

2K(s) + 2H2O(l) → 2KOH(aq) + H2(g)

(i) State the colour of the flame seen.

........................................................................................................................................ [1]

(ii) The solution formed is potassium hydroxide, a strong alkali.

State the formula of the ion responsible for alkalinity in a solution.

........................................................................................................................................ [1]

(iii) State the colour of litmus in a strong alkali.

........................................................................................................................................ [1]

(iv) Calculate the volume, in cm3, of hydrogen gas formed when 2.34 g of potassium is added
to excess water at room temperature and pressure.

Use the following steps.

● Calculate the number of moles of potassium added.

 = .............................. mol

● Determine the number of moles of hydrogen gas formed.

 = .............................. mol

● Calculate the volume of hydrogen gas formed.

 volume = .............................. cm3


[3]

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(d) Aqueous potassium hydroxide reacts with a dilute acid to produce aqueous potassium chloride,
KCl (aq), which is a salt.

(i) Name the dilute acid used.

........................................................................................................................................ [1]

(ii) State the type of reaction taking place.

........................................................................................................................................ [1]

(iii) Name the experimental technique used when salts are made by reacting a dilute acid with
an aqueous alkali.

........................................................................................................................................ [1]

(e) When aqueous silver nitrate, AgNO3(aq), is added to aqueous potassium chloride, a precipitate
is formed.

(i) State the colour of the precipitate formed.

........................................................................................................................................ [1]

(ii) Name the precipitate formed.

........................................................................................................................................ [1]

(iii) Write the ionic equation for the reaction. Include state symbols.

........................................................................................................................................ [3]

 [Total: 23]

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3 Ammonia is made in an industrial process starting with nitrogen. The equation for the reaction is
shown.

N2 + 3H2 2NH3

(a) Name the industrial process used to make ammonia.

............................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) State the raw material from which nitrogen is obtained.

............................................................................................................................................... [1]

(c) State what is meant by the symbol .

............................................................................................................................................... [1]

(d) State the temperature and pressure used in this industrial process.

 temperature = .............................. °C

 pressure = .............................. atm


[2]

(e) Name the catalyst used in this industrial process.

............................................................................................................................................... [1]

(f) The forward reaction is exothermic.

State the effect, if any, on the position of the equilibrium when the following changes are made.
Explain your answers.

temperature is reduced

.....................................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................................

pressure is reduced

.....................................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................................
[4]

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(g) Explain, in terms of particles, what happens to the rate of reaction when the temperature is
reduced.

.....................................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................................

.....................................................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................... [3]

(h) Give the formula of the compound formed when sulfuric acid reacts with ammonia.

............................................................................................................................................... [1]

 [Total: 14]

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4 A student prepares calcium nitrate, Ca(NO3)2, by adding calcium carbonate to dilute nitric acid.

(a) Write the chemical equation for this reaction.

............................................................................................................................................... [2]

(b) Describe two observations during this reaction.

1 ..................................................................................................................................................

2 ..................................................................................................................................................
[2]

(c) The student continues to add calcium carbonate until it is in excess. The student then removes
the excess calcium carbonate by filtration and collects the aqueous calcium nitrate.

State the general term given to a solution collected from filtration.

............................................................................................................................................... [1]

(d) The student gently heats the aqueous calcium nitrate until the solution is saturated.

(i) Suggest what is meant by the term saturated solution.

..............................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................ [2]

(ii) Describe how crystals are produced from a hot saturated solution.

........................................................................................................................................ [1]

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(e) Calcium nitrate crystals are hydrated and have the formula Ca(NO3)2•xH2O where x is a whole
number of molecules of water.

The student heats the crystals to remove the molecules of water.

Ca(NO3)2•xH2O(s) → Ca(NO3)2(s) + xH2O(g)

(i) State the term used to describe the calcium nitrate after the molecules of water have been
removed.

........................................................................................................................................ [1]

(ii) The student heats a sample of Ca(NO3)2•xH2O and forms 2.46 g of Ca(NO3)2 and
0.0600 moles of H2O.

Determine the value of x. Use the following steps.

● Calculate the Mr of Ca(NO3)2.

 Mr = ..............................

● Determine the number of moles of Ca(NO3)2 formed.

 moles of Ca(NO3)2 formed = ..............................

● Determine the value of x in Ca(NO3)2•xH2O.

 x = ..............................
[3]

(f) Nitrates decompose on heating.

Write the chemical equation for the reaction when solid sodium nitrate is heated.

............................................................................................................................................... [2]

 [Total: 14]

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5 Ethene is an alkene which reacts with bromine as shown in the equation.

C2H4 + Br2 → C2H4Br2

(a) Write the general formula of alkenes.

............................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) Describe the colour change seen when ethene is bubbled through aqueous bromine.

from ................................................................ to ................................................................. [1]

(c) In this reaction only one product is formed from two reactants.

Name this type of organic reaction.

............................................................................................................................................... [1]

(d) Part of the energy profile diagram of this reaction is shown.

C2H4 + Br2
energy

progress of reaction

(i) The reaction is exothermic.

Complete the energy profile diagram for this reaction.


Include:

● the position of the products

● an arrow to show the activation energy, labelled as A

● an arrow to show the energy change for the reaction.


[3]

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(ii) The chemical equation for the reaction can be represented as shown.

H H H H

C C + Br Br  Br C C Br

H H H H

Some bond energies are given.

bond energy
bond
/ kJ mol
C–H 410
C=C 610
Br–Br 190
C–C 350
C–Br 290

Use the bond energies in the table to calculate the energy change in this reaction.

Use the following steps.

● Calculate the energy needed to break bonds.

 energy = .............................. kJ

● Calculate the energy released in making bonds.

 energy = .............................. kJ

● Determine the energy change in this reaction.

 energy change in this reaction = .............................. kJ / mol


[3]

 [Total: 9]

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6 Ester Y has the structure shown.

O H

H C O C H

(a) (i) Name ester Y.

........................................................................................................................................ [1]

(ii) Deduce the empirical formula of ester Y.

........................................................................................................................................ [1]

(b) Complete the dot-and-cross diagram to show the arrangement of electrons in a molecule of
ester Y.

O
H

H C O C H

[3]

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(c) Ester Y can be made by reacting two organic compounds together.

Name the compounds and draw their structures.

Show all of the atoms and all of the bonds.

name ..............................................................

structure

name ..............................................................

structure

[4]

(d) (i) Describe what is meant by the term structural isomer.

..............................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................ [2]

(ii) Name a carboxylic acid which is a structural isomer of ester Y.

........................................................................................................................................ [1]

 [Total: 12]

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Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every
reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the
publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.

To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge
Assessment International Education Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download
at www.cambridgeinternational.org after the live examination series.

Cambridge Assessment International Education is part of Cambridge Assessment. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of the University of Cambridge
Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which is a department of the University of Cambridge.

© UCLES 2022 0620/41/O/N/22


The Periodic Table of Elements
Group

© UCLES 2022
I II III IV V VI VII VIII
1 2

H He
hydrogen helium
Key 1 4
3 4 atomic number 5 6 7 8 9 10

Li Be atomic symbol B C N O F Ne
lithium beryllium name boron carbon nitrogen oxygen fluorine neon
7 9 relative atomic mass 11 12 14 16 19 20
11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar
sodium magnesium aluminium silicon phosphorus sulfur chlorine argon
23 24 27 28 31 32 35.5 40
19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36
K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr
potassium calcium scandium titanium vanadium chromium manganese iron cobalt nickel copper zinc gallium germanium arsenic selenium bromine krypton
39 40 45 48 51 52 55 56 59 59 64 65 70 73 75 79 80 84
37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54

Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
rubidium strontium yttrium zirconium niobium molybdenum technetium ruthenium rhodium palladium silver cadmium indium tin antimony tellurium iodine xenon
16

85 88 89 91 93 96 – 101 103 106 108 112 115 119 122 128 127 131
55 56 57–71 72 73 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86

0620/41/O/N/22
lanthanoids
Cs Ba Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn
caesium barium hafnium tantalum tungsten rhenium osmium iridium platinum gold mercury thallium lead bismuth polonium astatine radon
133 137 178 181 184 186 190 192 195 197 201 204 207 209 – – –
87 88 89–103 104 105 106 107 108 109 110 111 112 114 116
actinoids
Fr Ra Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Ds Rg Cn Fl Lv
francium radium rutherfordium dubnium seaborgium bohrium hassium meitnerium darmstadtium roentgenium copernicium flerovium livermorium
– – – – – – – – – – – – –

57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71
lanthanoids La Ce Pr Nd Pm Sm Eu Gd Tb Dy Ho Er Tm Yb Lu
lanthanum cerium praseodymium neodymium promethium samarium europium gadolinium terbium dysprosium holmium erbium thulium ytterbium lutetium
139 140 141 144 – 150 152 157 159 163 165 167 169 173 175
89 90 91 92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 100 101 102 103
actinoids Ac Th Pa U Np Pu Am Cm Bk Cf Es Fm Md No Lr
actinium thorium protactinium uranium neptunium plutonium americium curium berkelium californium einsteinium fermium mendelevium nobelium lawrencium
– 232 231 238 – – – – – – – – – – –
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The volume of one mole of any gas is 24 dm3 at room temperature and pressure (r.t.p.).

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