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    03a Character and String Processing

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    yawner9304
    The document discusses fundamentals of characters and strings in Java. It describes how characters are represented internally and various character-related methods in the Character class. It also covers string declaration, string-handling library, common string methods and examples of manipulating and comparing strings.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    03a Character and String Processing

    Uploaded by

    yawner9304
    5 views18 pages
    The document discusses fundamentals of characters and strings in Java. It describes how characters are represented internally and various character-related methods in the Character class. It also covers string declaration, string-handling library, common string methods and examples of manipulating and comparing strings.

    Original Title

    03a-Character-and-String-Processing (1)

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    The document discusses fundamentals of characters and strings in Java. It describes how characters are represented internally and various character-related methods in the Character class. It also covers string declaration, string-handling library, common string methods and examples of manipulating and comparing strings.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    5 views18 pages

    03a Character and String Processing

    Uploaded by

    yawner9304
    The document discusses fundamentals of characters and strings in Java. It describes how characters are represented internally and various character-related methods in the Character class. It also covers string declaration, string-handling library, common string methods and examples of manipulating and comparing strings.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 18

    Character and String

    Processing
    CSX3002/ITX2001 Object-Oriented Concepts and Programming
    CS4402 Selected Topic in Object-Oriented Concepts
    IT2371 Object-Oriented Programming
    Character Fundamentals (1)

     Characters are internally represented as 16-bit Unicode (integers).


     Each value represent a unique symbol (ASCII standard)
     ‘A’ has ASCII value of 65; ‘Z’ has ASCII value of 90
     ‘a’ has ASCII value of 97; ‘z’ has ASCII value of 122
     ‘0’ has ASCII value of 48; ‘9’ has ASCII value of 57
     There are many other symbols (‘+’, ‘-’, ‘!’, ‘\n’, ‘\t’, etc.)
     Some are unprintable control characters (‘\0’ (null), ‘\a’
    (DEL), 12 (FF) ...
     Character constants are written with single quotes
     (‘A’, ‘$’, etc)

    2
    Character Fundamentals (2)

     Since characters are internally 16-bit integers:


     int num = ‘7’ – ‘0’;
     What is the value of num?
     char symbol = 65;
     What is the value of symbol?
     char symbol = ‘a’ + 10;
     What is the value of symbol?

    3
    Character-Handling Library

     java.lang.Character - library of Java character type


     Methods to perform tests and manipulations on characters
     Pass character as argument (most methods)

    4
    Character Handling Methods (1)

     Character-related methods
     static boolean isDigit(char ch)
     static boolean isLetter(char ch)
     static boolean isLetterOrDigit(char ch)
     static boolean isLowerCase(char ch)
     static boolean isUpperCase(char ch)
     static boolean isWhitespace(char ch)
     static char toLowerCase(char ch)
     static char toUpperCase(char ch)
     and more…

    5
    Character-Handling Methods (2)

     Upcoming example
    ◦ isLowerCase
     Returns true if lowercase letter (a-z)
    ◦ isUpperCase
     Returns true if uppercase letter (A-Z)
    ◦ toLowerCase
     If passed uppercase letter, returns lowercase letter
     A to a
     Otherwise, returns original argument
    ◦ toUpperCase
     As above, but turns lowercase letter to uppercase
     a to A

    6
    Example 1

     CharacterProcessing1.java
    According to Character.isDigit:
    8 is a digit
    # is not a digit

    According to Character.isLetter:
    A is a letter
    b is a letter
    & is not a letter
    4 is not a letter

    According to
    Character.isLetterOrDigit:
    A is a letter or a digit
    8 is a letter or a digit
    # is not a letter or a digit
    Fundamental of Strings in Java (1)

     String
     Collection of characters
     Can include anything that can be a character
     Letters
     Digits
     Special symbols

     String literal (string constants)


     Enclosed in double quotes, for example:
     "I like Java"
    Fundamental of Strings in Java
    (2)

     The String class represents character strings.


     All string literals in Java programs are implemented as
    instances of this class.
     For instance, "abc“
     Strings are constant.
     Their values cannot be changed after they are created.
     String buffers support mutable strings. (later)
    String Declaration and
    Initialization

     String str = "abc";


     char data[] = {'a', 'b', 'c'};
     String str = new String(data);
     String str = new String("abc");
    String-Handling Library

     We can manually manipulate strings as we know how strings in


    Java is internally represented.
     Alternatively, we can take advantage of standard functions
    that come with the language.
     String handling library java.lang.String provides functions
    to
    ◦ Manipulate string data
    ◦ Compare strings
    ◦ Split string
    String Methods

    Method Description
    length() Returns the length of this string
    charAt(int index) Returns the char value at the
    specified index.
    isEmpty() Returns true if length() = 0
    String Manipulating Methods

    Method Description
    concat(String s) Concatenates the specified string to the
    end of this string.
    startsWith(String prefix) Tests if this string starts with the specified
    prefix.
    endsWith(String suffix) Tests if this string ends with the specified
    suffix.
    contains(CharSeq seq) Returns true if and only if this string contains
    the specified sequence of char values.
    substring(int beginIndex) Returns a new string that is a substring of this
    string.
    substring(int beginIndex, Returns a new string that is a substring of this
    int endIndex) string.
    String Manipulating Methods

    Method Description
    replace(char oldChar, Returns a new string resulting from
    char newChar) replacing all occurrences of oldChar in this
    string with newChar.
    trim() Returns a copy of the string, with leading
    and trailing whitespace omitted.
    String Comparison Methods

    Method Description
    compareTo(String str) Zero - equal lexicographically
    Positive – greater than the parameter
    Negative – less than the parameter
    compareToIgnoreCase(String str) Similar to compareTo() but the cases
    of all characters are ignored.
    == Checks if the two strings are the same
    object.
    equals(Object anObject) Checks if the contents are the same.

    What about the


    operator == ?
    Example

     StringProcessing.java
    split()

     Breaking a string into substring depending on the given


    regular expression and place them into array of string.

    Method Description
    public String[] split(String regex) splits the string around matches of the
    given regular expression.
    public String[] split(String regex, int limit) splits the string around matches of the
    given regular expression. Limit is used for
    controlling the number of times the
    pattern is applied and affecting the
    length of the resulting array
    Example

     StringSplittingExample.java

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