7

MATHEMATICS
Quarter 4 – Module 5:
Measures of Central Tendency

Self-Learning Module
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION | DIVISION OF MANDAUE CITY 1|P age
 INTRODUCTION

Have you ever wondered why a certain brand of shirt is made more available
than other brands?

Have you ever wondered why a certain size of shoe in Adidas or Nike is
made more available than other sizes?

Have you thought of comparing your academic performance together with

your classmates?

Have you wondered what grade you need for each learning area to qualify for
honors?

In this module you will find out the measures of central tendency. Remember to
search for the answer to the following question(s):

• How can I make use of the representations and descriptions of a given set
of data?

• What is the best way to measure a given set of data?

Also, you will examine these questions when you study the following lessons.

Lesson 1: Measures of Central Tendency of Ungrouped Data

Lesson 2: Measures of Central Tendency of Grouped Data

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION | DIVISION OF MANDAUE CITY 1|P age

Content Standards:
The learner demonstrates understanding of key concepts, uses and
importance of Statistics, data collection/gathering and the different forms of data
representation, measures of central tendency, measures of variability, and
probability.

Performance Standards:
The learner is able to collect and organize data systematically and compute
accurately measures of central tendency and variability and apply these
appropriately in data analysis and interpretation in different fields.

MOST ESSENTIAL LEARNING COMPETENCIES:

The learner,
• illustrates the measures of central tendency (mean, median, and
mode) of a statistical data. (M7SP-IVf-1)
• calculates the measures of central tendency of ungrouped and
grouped data. (M7SP-IVf-g-1)

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
• Differentiate measures of central tendency (mean, median and mode).
• Solve problems involving measures of central tendency.
• Appreciate the importance of the three measures.

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION | DIVISION OF MANDAUE CITY 2|P age

 PRE-TEST

Directions: Read each item carefully and choose the letter of the correct answer.
1. Which measure of central tendency is generally used in determining the
size of the most saleable shoes in a department store?
A. mean B. median C. mode D. range

2. For the set of data consisting of 8, 8, 9, 10, 10, which statement is true?
A. mean = mode B. median = mode C. mean = median D.mean <
median

3. Which measure of central tendency is greatly affected by extreme scores?

A. mean B. median C. mode D. none of three

4. Margie has grades 86, 68 and 79 in her first three tests in Algebra. What
grade must she obtain on the fourth test to get an average of 78?
A. 76 B. 79 C. 82 D. 85

5. What is the median age of a group of employees whose ages are 36,
38, 18, 21, 27 and 35 years?
A. 33 B. 31 C. 29 D. 27

6. Ten people gave contributions in pesos 100, 200, 100, 300, 300, 200,
200, 150, 100, and 100 for a door prize. What is the median
contribution?
A. Php 100 B. Php 150 C. Php 175 D. Php 200

For items 7-10 refer to the data below.

7. What is the mean of the given grouped data?

A. 33.5 B. 34.7 C. 35.6 D. 36.8

8. What is the median?

A. 35.05 B. 37.50 C. 39.04 D. 41.06

9. What is the modal class?

A. 46-50 B. 41-45 C. 36-40 D. 31-35

10. What is the mode?

A. 28.35 B. 33.78 C. 35.50 D. 38.83

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION | DIVISION OF MANDAUE CITY 3|P age

 Let’s
Explore!

MEAL DEAL
To cater to five hundred (500) students having snacks all at the same time,
your school canteen designed three meal packages for the students to choose from.
The monitors of each section were tasked to collect the weekly orders of each
student.

DIRECTIONS: Form yourselves into groups of 10 members. Distribute to each

member of the group the three meal packages. Make a week’s list of your preferred
meal package. Record your group’s order for the week on the sheet of paper below.
Discuss with your groupmate the answer to the questions below the table.

QUESTIONS:

1. In your group, what is the preferred meal package?

2. How much was the canteen’s daily sales from each package? Weekly sales?

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION | DIVISION OF MANDAUE CITY 4|P age

 DISCUSSION

1.1 Measures of Central Tendency of Ungrouped Data

A measure of central tendency is defined as the statistical measure that

identifies a single value as a representative of an entire distribution. It aims to provide
an accurate description of the entire data. It represents the center point or typical
value of a dataset.

Generally, the central tendency of a data set can be described using the following
measures:

 MEAN
• The mean (also called arithmetic average) is the most commonly used
measure of central tendency. It is used to describe a set of data where the
measures cluster or concentrate at a point.
• It is greatly affected by extreme scores. A number that is significantly greater
or significantly less than most of the other numbers in a distribution is
called an extreme value or outlier.
• To find the mean of an ungrouped data, simply get the sum of all values in a
data set divided by the number of the values.

Example 1:
The grades in Geometry of 10 students are 87, 84, 85, 85, 86, 90, 79, 82, 78, 76.
What is the mean average grade of the 10 students?

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION | DIVISION OF MANDAUE CITY 5|P age

  MEDIAN
• Another average that is useful s the median or central value of an ordered
distribution.
• The middle value in a data set that is arranged either increasing or
decreasing order.
• If a data set contains an even number of values, the median of the data set
is the average of the two middle values.
• The median is the best measure to use for cases with extreme values.

Example 2.1:
The library logbook shows that 58, 60, 54, 35, and 97 books, respectively, were
borrowed from Monday to Friday last week. Find the median.

Example 2.2:
Andrea’s scores in 10 quizzes during the first quarter are 8, 7, 6, 10, 9, 5, 9, 6, 10,
and 7. Find the median.

 MODE
• The easiest average to compute is the mode.
• It is the measure or value which occurs most frequently in a set of data. It is
the value with the greatest frequency. To find the mode for a set of data
1. select the measure that appears most often in the set;
2. if two or more measures appear the same number of times, then
each of these values is a mode; and
3. if every measure appears the same number of times, then the set of
data has no mode.

Example 3:
The ages of 12 randomly selected customers at a local restaurant are listed below:
23, 20, 29, 25, 31, 21, 24, 23, 21, 32, 23, 19
What is the mode of the above ages?

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION | DIVISION OF MANDAUE CITY 6|P age

 ACTIVITY 1 Name It!

Directions: Rearrange the letters to name the important words you have learned.
Tell something about these words.

ACTIVITY 2 Let’s Practice!

Directions: Find the mean, median, and mode/modes of each of the following sets of data.

ACTIVITY 3 Let’s Deepen Your Understanding!

Directions: Identify the measure of central tendency (mean, median, or mode) that would
provide the best description of the average score.

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION | DIVISION OF MANDAUE CITY 7|P age

 ACTIVITY 4

Directions: Solve the following problems using the measures of central tendency.

1.2 Measures of Central Tendency of Grouped Data

When the number of items in a set of data is too big, items are grouped for
convenience. Grouped data are the data or scores that are arranged in a frequency
distribution table.
 Mean for Grouped Data
• To find the mean of grouped data using class marks, the following formula
can be used:

where: X - the class mark

f - the frequency of each class

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION | DIVISION OF MANDAUE CITY 8|P age

Example 4:
Calculate the mean of the Mid-year Test Scores of Students in Filipino.

 Median for Grouped Data

• The median is the middle value in a set of quantities. It separates an ordered
set of data into two equal parts. Half of the quantities is located above the
median and the other half is found below it, whenever the quantities are
arranged according to magnitude (from highest to lowest.) In computing for
the median of grouped data, the following formula is used:

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION | DIVISION OF MANDAUE CITY 9|P age

Example 5:
Calculate the mean of the Mid-year Test Scores of Students in Filipino.

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION | DIVISION OF MANDAUE CITY 10 | P a g e

  Mode for Grouped Data
• Mode is the value of the observation having the highest frequency.
• The first step towards finding the mode of the grouped data is to locate the
class interval with the highest frequency.
• The class interval corresponding to the highest frequency is called the
modal class. The mode of grouped data can be approximated using the
following formula:

Example 6:
Calculate the mean of the Mid-year Test Scores of Students in Filipino.

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION | DIVISION OF MANDAUE CITY 11 | P a g e

 ACTIVITY 5

Directions: Complete the table by filling in the values of the class marks (X ), fX,
lower class boundaries (lb) and less than cumulative frequencies (<cf). Then
answer the questions that follow.
The data below shows the number of days that students were missing from school
due to sickness in one year was recorded:

1. What is the mean?

A. 10 B. 15 C. 20 D. 25

2. What is the median class?

A. 16–20 B. 11–15 C. 6–10 D. D.1–5

3. What is the modal class?

A.1–5 B.6–10 C.11–15 D.21–25

4. What is the mode of the given grouped data?

A. 7.66 B. 7.16 C. 6.67 D. 6.16

5. ERROR ANALYSIS: Describe and correct the error in finding the median of
the data.

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION | DIVISION OF MANDAUE CITY 12 | P a g e

 KEY TERMS

• A measure of central tendency is a descriptive summary of data set which

refers to the middle, or typical value of a set of data.
• Mean is the sum of all values in a data set divided by the total number of the
values.
• Median is the middle value in a data set that is arranged either increasing or
decreasing order. If a data set contains an even number of values, the median
of the data set is the average of the two middle values.
• Mode is the measure or value which occurs most frequently in a set of data.
• This symbol ∑ (called sigma) means “sum up”.
• The mode is the best measure of central tendency for data that represent
frequency of choice such as favorite color, clothing and shoe sizes, or most
popular musical group. If all the numbers in a set of data are relatively close
together, either the median or mean can be used as a measure of central
tendency. If a data set contains unusually large or small numbers relative to
the rest of the data, the median is usually the best measure of central
tendency.

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION | DIVISION OF MANDAUE CITY 13 | P a g e

 POST-TEST

Directions: Read each item carefully and choose the letter of the correct answer.
1. Margie has grades 86, 68 and 79 in her first three tests in Algebra. What
grade must she obtain on the fourth test to get an average of 78?
A. 76 B. 79 C. 82 D. 85

2. Fe is hosting a kiddie party in her house. Six kids aged 12 and 5 babies aged 2
attended the party. Which measure of central tendency is appropriate to use to find
the average age?
A. Mean B. Median C. Mode D. Range

3. What is the Mode of 88, 84, 74, 85, 84, 88, 86, 84?
A. 84 B. 85 C. 86 D. 88

4. What is the median age of a group of employees whose ages are 36, 38, 18, 21,
27 and 35 years?
A. 33 B. 31 C. 29 D. 27

5. The front row in a movie theatre has 23 seats. If you were asked to sit in
the seat that occupied the median position, in which seat would you have to
sit?
A. 1 B. 11 C. 23 D. 12

6. Which data set has a mode of 4?

A. {1,2,3,4} B. {3,4,6} C. {4,4,5,5,5} D. {4,4,5}

For items 7-10, the table below is the frequency distribution of the ages of 50
employees in Ong Ricemill.

Age of 50 Employees in Ong Ricemill

7. Based on the table given, what is the average mean of the ages of the employees?
A. 46.7 B. 46.5 C. 46.3 D. 46.2

8. What is the median?

A. 45.33 B. 45.35 C. 45.40 D. 45.03

9. What is the modal class?

A. 60–69 B. 50–59 C. 40–49 D. 30–39

10. What is the mode?

A. 30.11 B. 36.01 C. 38.39 D. 40.33

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION | DIVISION OF MANDAUE CITY 14 | P a g e

ANSWER KEY:

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION | DIVISION OF MANDAUE CITY 15 | P a g e

REFERENCES:
Abuzo, Emmanuel P., Merden L. Bryant, Jem Boy B. Cabrera, Belen P. Caldez,
Melvin M. Callanta, Anastacia Proserfina I. Castro, Alicia R. Halabaso, et
al. (2013). Mathematics – Grade 8 Learner’s Module. Department of
Education, 1st Edition, pp. 526 -549 and 564-580.

Glencoe, Bailey. 2006. Mathematics: Applications and Concepts, Course 1 and 2.

New York: McGraw- Hill.

Merry, Brenda. 2012. Chapter 5: Measures of Central Tendency. CK-

12. February 23, 2012.
http://www.ck12.org/flexbook/chapter/9079

Brase, Understandable Statistics. Accessed April 2021.

https://college.cengage.com/mathematics/brase/understandable_statistics/
9780618949922_ch03.pdf

Verbo, Ryan Jay. 2020. Measures Of Central Tendency Of Ungrouped Data.

DepEd Learning Portal. February 3, 2020.
https://lrmds.deped.gov.ph/list/kto12/subject/247?page=3

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION | DIVISION OF MANDAUE CITY 16 | P a g e

 For inquiries or feedback, please write or call:

Department of Education – Division of Mandaue City

Plaridel St., Centro, Mandaue City, Cebu, Philippines 6014

Telephone Nos.: (032) 345 – 0545 | (032) 505 – 6337

E-mail Address: mandaue.city001@deped.gov.ph

Website: https://depedmandaue.net

DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION | DIVISION OF MANDAUE CITY 17 | P a g e