Programming Fundamentals (06%)

1. What is the purpose of a compiler in programming?

 a) To translate source code into machine code
 b) To execute program instructions
 c) To debug software applications
 d) To manage system resources
2. Which programming paradigm emphasizes the use of functions and procedures?
 a) Object-oriented programming
 b) Procedural programming
 c) Functional programming
 d) Event-driven programming
3. What does the "++" operator do in programming languages like C and C++?
 a) Adds 1 to the variable
 b) Subtracts 1 from the variable
 c) Multiplies the variable by 2
 d) Divides the variable by 2
4. In programming, what does the term "variable scope" refer to?
 a) The size of the variable in memory
 b) The range within which a variable can be accessed
 c) The data type of the variable
 d) The number of times a variable is used in the program
5. Which control structure is used to execute a block of code repeatedly as long as a condition is true?
 a) if-else
 b) switch
 c) for loop
 d) break statement

Object-Oriented Paradigm (05%)

6. What is polymorphism in object-oriented programming?

 a) The ability to define multiple methods with the same name but different parameters
 b) The ability to inherit properties and behavior from a parent class
 c) The ability to hide implementation details within a class
 d) The ability to create new objects from an existing class
7. Which OOP concept allows a class to inherit properties and behavior from another class?
 a) Encapsulation
 b) Inheritance
 c) Polymorphism
 d) Abstraction
8. What is the purpose of an interface in Java?
 a) To provide a blueprint for implementing classes
 b) To encapsulate data within a class
 c) To define constructors for classes
  d) To execute program instructions
9. What is encapsulation in object-oriented programming?
 a) Binding data and functions into a single unit
 b) Hiding implementation details within a class
 c) Inheriting properties and behavior from a parent class
 d) Accessing data and functions from outside the class
10. Which keyword is used to prevent a method from being overridden in a subclass in Java?
 a) override
 b) final
 c) static
 d) abstract

Data Structures and Algorithms (09%)

11. Which data structure is typically used to implement a Last-In-First-Out (LIFO) behavior?
 a) Queue
 b) Stack
 c) Tree
 d) Linked List
12. What is the time complexity of inserting an element at the beginning of an array?
 a) O(1)
 b) O(log n)
 c) O(n)
 d) O(n^2)
13. Which sorting algorithm has the best time complexity in the average case?
 a) Bubble Sort
 b) Selection Sort
 c) Merge Sort
 d) Quick Sort
14. What is the purpose of a hash function in data structures?
 a) To sort elements in ascending order
 b) To convert data into a fixed-size string of characters
 c) To map data to a fixed-size array index
 d) To delete elements from a data structure

Digital Logic and Computer Organization (06%)

16. Which logic gate produces a low output only when all inputs are low?
 a) AND gate
 b) OR gate
 c) NOR gate
 d) NAND gate
17. What is the binary representation of the decimal number 13?
 a) 1101
 b) 1001
  c) 1111
 d) 1011
18. Which of the following is a non-volatile memory type?
 a) RAM
 b) Cache memory
 c) ROM
 d) Register
19. What does the ALU stand for in computer architecture?
 a) Arithmetic and Logic Unit
 b) Access and Loading Unit
 c) Assembly and Loading Unit
 d) Algorithmic and Logical Unit
20. Which component is responsible for storing frequently accessed data for quick retrieval in a
computer system?
 a) Cache memory
 b) RAM
 c) Hard disk
 d) Optical drive

Operating Systems (06%)

21. What is the primary function of an operating system?

 a) To manage hardware resources
 b) To compile source code
 c) To design user interfaces
 d) To create databases
22. Which scheduling algorithm gives priority to the process with the highest priority level?
 a) First-Come, First-Served (FCFS)
 b) Shortest Job Next (SJN)
 c) Priority Scheduling
 d) Round Robin
23. What is the purpose of virtual memory in an operating system?
 a) To store temporary files
 b) To provide additional storage space
 c) To extend the available RAM
 d) To improve CPU performance
24. Which mechanism is used to prevent multiple processes from accessing shared resources
simultaneously?
 a) Mutual exclusion
 b) Deadlock avoidance
 c) Livelock detection
 d) Semaphore
25. What is a device driver in an operating system?
 a) A program that translates high-level instructions into machine code
 b) A program that controls hardware devices
  c) A program that manages memory allocation
 d) A program that monitors system performance

Database Systems (07%)

26. Which type of database model organizes data into tables with rows and columns?
 a) Hierarchical
 b) Network
 c) Relational
 d) Object-Oriented
27. What is the purpose of a primary key in a database table?
 a) To uniquely identify each row in the table
 b) To define constraints on the data types allowed in the table
 c) To establish relationships with other tables
 d) To sort the rows in ascending order
28. Which database operation is used to retrieve specific data from a table based on a given condition?
 a) INSERT
 b) UPDATE
 c) DELETE
 d) SELECT
29. What is the purpose of normalization in database design?
 a) To increase redundancy
 b) To reduce data integrity
 c) To eliminate duplicate data
 d) To simplify queries
30. Which type of join returns only the rows that have matching values in both tables being joined?
 a) Inner join
 b) Outer join
 c) Left join
 d) Right join

Software Engineering & Development (05%)

31. What is the purpose of version control systems in software development?

 a) To document code changes
 b) To track and manage changes to source code
 c) To compile and execute code
 d) To test software applications
32. Which software development model is known for its iterative and incremental approach?
 a) Waterfall model
 b) Spiral model
 c) Agile model
 d) V-model
33. What is the purpose of unit testing in software development?
 a) To test the entire system as a whole
  b) To test individual components or units of code
 c) To validate user requirements
 d) To optimize code performance
34. Which software development process involves breaking down requirements into smaller,
manageable tasks?
 a) Requirement analysis
 b) Design
 c) Implementation
 d) Task decomposition
35. What is the purpose of a software requirement specification (SRS) document?
 a) To design the user interface
 b) To define the functional and non-functional requirements of the software
 c) To develop test cases
 d) To document code changes

Computer Communication and Networks (06%)

36. Which layer of the OSI model is responsible for logical addressing and routing?
 a) Physical layer
 b) Data link layer
 c) Network layer
 d) Transport layer
37. What is the purpose of the TCP protocol in computer networks?
 a) To establish a connection between devices
 b) To guarantee the delivery of packets
 c) To resolve domain names to IP addresses
 d) To transmit data over the network
38. Which network topology connects all devices in a linear sequence?
 a) Bus
 b) Ring
 c) Star
 d) Mesh
39. What is the purpose of DNS in computer networks?
 a) To translate domain names to IP addresses
 b) To secure data transmission
 c) To establish a direct connection between devices
 d) To filter network traffic
40. Which protocol is used to send email messages over the internet?
 a) HTTP
 b) FTP
 c) SMTP
 d) TCP

Computer Architecture & Assembly Language (08%)

41. What is the purpose of the program counter (PC) in a CPU?
 a) To store intermediate results
 b) To fetch the next instruction to be executed
 c) To perform arithmetic operations
 d) To store data temporarily
42. Which instruction moves data from memory to a register in assembly language?
 a) MOV
 b) ADD
 c) JMP
 d) CALL
43. What is the purpose of the ALU in a CPU?
 a) To store data temporarily
 b) To perform arithmetic and logic operations
 c) To manage input/output devices
 d) To execute program instructions
44. Which addressing mode is used to access memory locations directly using a fixed address?
 a) Immediate
 b) Direct
 c) Indirect
 d) Indexed
45. What is the purpose of the stack pointer (SP) register in a CPU?
 a) To store the address of the next instruction to be executed
 b) To store the address of the top of the stack
 c) To store intermediate results during arithmetic operations
 d) To store data temporarily

Theory of Automata and Formal Languages (10%)

46. Which of the following is not a valid component of a finite automaton?

 a) Alphabet
 b) States
 c) Transitions
 d) Variables
47. What is the purpose of regular expressions in formal language theory?
 a) To define context-free languages
 b) To describe patterns of strings
 c) To generate Turing machines
 d) To prove theorems about automata
48. Which type of automaton can recognize context-free languages?
 a) Finite automaton
 b) Pushdown automaton
 c) Turing machine
 d) Deterministic automaton
49. What is the difference between a deterministic finite automaton (DFA) and a nondeterministic finite
automaton (NFA)?
  a) DFA has fewer states than NFA
 b) DFA can recognize more languages than NFA
 c) DFA has deterministic transitions, while NFA has nondeterministic transitions
 d) DFA can recognize context-free languages, while NFA cannot
50. Which operation is used to concatenate two regular languages?
 a) Union
 b) Intersection
 c) Concatenation
 d) Kleene star

Analysis of Algorithms (10%)

51. What is the time complexity of linear search in an unsorted array?

 a) O(1)
 b) O(log n)
 c) O(n)
 d) O(n^2)
52. Which of the following is not a valid complexity class?
 a) P
 b) NP
 c) NP-hard
 d) PSPACE
53. What is the time complexity of the bubble sort algorithm in the worst-case scenario?
 a) O(1)
 b) O(log n)
 c) O(n)
 d) O(n^2)
54. Which algorithm is used to find the shortest path in an unweighted graph?
 a) Dijkstra's algorithm
 b) Bellman-Ford algorithm
 c) Floyd-Warshall algorithm
 d) Breadth-First Search (BFS)
55. What is the purpose of big O notation in the analysis of algorithms?
 a) To represent the best-case time complexity of an algorithm
 b) To represent the average-case time complexity of an algorithm
 c) To represent the worst-case time complexity of an algorithm
 d) To represent the space complexity of an algorithm

Artificial Intelligence (07%)

56. What is the time complexity of linear search in a sorted array?

 a) O(1)
 b) O(log n)
 c) O(n)
 d) O(n^2)
57. Which complexity class represents the set of decision problems solvable by a deterministic Turing
machine using polynomial time?
 a) P
 b) NP
 c) NP-hard
 d) PSPACE
58. What is the time complexity of the selection sort algorithm in the worst-case scenario?
 a) O(1)
 b) O(log n)
 c) O(n)
 d) O(n^2)
59. Which algorithm is used to find the minimum spanning tree in a graph?
 a) Dijkstra's algorithm
 b) Bellman-Ford algorithm
 c) Prim's algorithm
 d) Depth-First Search (DFS)
60. What is the purpose of big O notation in the analysis of algorithms?
 a) To represent the best-case time complexity of an algorithm
 b) To represent the average-case time complexity of an algorithm
 c) To represent the worst-case time complexity of an algorithm
 d) To represent the space complexity of an algorithm

System Programming (05%)

61. What is the purpose of an assembler in system programming?

 a) To translate assembly language code into machine code
 b) To manage system resources
 c) To provide input/output capabilities
 d) To debug software applications
62. Which of the following is not a valid system call in operating systems?
 a) fork()
 b) exec()
 c) read()
 d) print()
63. What is the purpose of a linker in system programming?
 a) To translate source code into machine code
 b) To combine object files into a single executable file
 c) To manage memory allocation
 d) To optimize code performance
64. Which system programming language is known for its low-level access to hardware resources?
 a) Python
 b) Java
 c) C
 d) Ruby
65. What is the purpose of a library in system programming?
  a) To provide reusable code modules
 b) To manage system processes
 c) To control input/output devices
 d) To execute system commands

Numerical Computing (05%)

66. Which of the following is not a valid numerical computing library in Python?
 a) NumPy
 b) SciPy
 c) Pandas
 d) Matplotlib
67. What is the purpose of linear interpolation in numerical computing?
 a) To approximate values between known data points
 b) To solve systems of linear equations
 c) To calculate the derivative of a function
 d) To perform matrix multiplication
68. Which numerical method is used to find the roots of a nonlinear equation?
 a) Newton-Raphson method
 b) Euler's method
 c) Gaussian elimination
 d) Simpson's rule
69. What is the purpose of numerical integration in numerical computing?
 a) To approximate the area under a curve
 b) To solve differential equations
 c) To optimize functions
 d) To interpolate data points
70. Which numerical technique is used to approximate the solution to a differential equation?
 a) Finite difference method
 b) Gradient descent
 c) Singular value decomposition
 d) LU decomposition

Programming Fundamentals (06%)

71. What is the output of the following code snippet in Python?

pythonCopy code
x = 5 y = 2 print (x ** y)
 a) 10
 b) 7
 c) 25
 d) 32
72. Which of the following is not a valid data type in Python?
 a) int
 b) float
  c) char
 d) str
73. What will be the value of result after the following code execution in Python?
pythonCopy code
x = 10 y = 5 result = x / y
 a) 2
 b) 2.0
 c) "2"
 d) Error

Object Oriented Paradigm (05%)

74. What is the output of the following Python code?

pythonCopy code
class MyClass : def __init__ ( self, value ): self.value = value def display ( self ): print (self.value) obj =
MyClass( 10 ) obj.display()
 a) 10
 b) MyClass object at memory location
 c) Error
 d) None
75. In Python, what does the self keyword represent in a class method?
 a) It refers to the current class object
 b) It refers to the parent class object
 c) It refers to the derived class object
 d) It refers to the calling object

Discrete Structures (05%)

76. Which of the following is an example of a valid propositional logic statement?

 a) p ∧ q ∨ ~r
 b) p ∨ q ∧ ~r
 c) p ↔ q ⊕ r
 d) p ⊕ q → r
77. What is the negation of the statement "All humans are immortal"?
 a) All humans are mortal
 b) No humans are immortal
 c) Some humans are immortal
 d) No humans are mortal

Digital Logic and Computer Organization (06%)

78. Which logic gate produces a high output only when all inputs are high?
 a) AND gate
 b) OR gate
 c) NOR gate
  d) NAND gate
79. What is the binary representation of the decimal number 10?
 a) 1010
 b) 1100
 c) 1110
 d) 1001

Operating Systems (06%)

80. What is the purpose of an operating system?

 a) To manage hardware resources
 b) To compile source code
 c) To design user interfaces
 d) To create databases
81. Which scheduling algorithm gives priority to the process with the shortest expected run time?
 a) First-Come, First-Served (FCFS)
 b) Shortest Job Next (SJN)
 c) Priority Scheduling
 d) Round Robin

Database Systems (07%)

82. What is the purpose of a foreign key in a database table?

 a) To uniquely identify each row in the table
 b) To define constraints on the data types allowed in the table
 c) To establish relationships with other tables
 d) To sort the rows in ascending order
83. Which SQL keyword is used to retrieve data from a database table?
 a) INSERT
 b) UPDATE
 c) DELETE
 d) SELECT

Software Engineering & Development (05%)

84. What is the purpose of version control systems in software development?

 a) To document code changes
 b) To track and manage changes to source code
 c) To compile and execute code
 d) To test software applications
85. Which software development model is known for its iterative and incremental approach?
 a) Waterfall model
 b) Spiral model
 c) Agile model
 d) V-model
 Computer Communication and Networks (06%)

86. What is the purpose of the TCP protocol in computer networks?

 a) To establish a connection between devices
 b) To guarantee the delivery of packets
 c) To resolve domain names to IP addresses
 d) To transmit data over the network
87. Which network topology connects all devices in a circular sequence?
 a) Bus
 b) Ring
 c) Star
 d) Mesh

Programming Fundamentals (06%)

1. What is the purpose of a compiler in programming?

 Answer: a) To translate source code into machine code
2. Which programming paradigm emphasizes the use of functions and procedures?
 Answer: b) Procedural programming
3. What does the "++" operator do in programming languages like C and C++?
 Answer: a) Adds 1 to the variable
4. In programming, what does the term "variable scope" refer to?
 Answer: b) The range within which a variable can be accessed
5. Which control structure is used to execute a block of code repeatedly as long as a condition is true?
 Answer: c) for loop

Object-Oriented Paradigm (05%)

6. What is polymorphism in object-oriented programming?

 Answer: a) The ability to define multiple methods with the same name but different
parameters
7. Which OOP concept allows a class to inherit properties and behavior from another class?
 Answer: b) Inheritance
8. What is the purpose of an interface in Java?
 Answer: a) To provide a blueprint for implementing classes
9. What is encapsulation in object-oriented programming?
 Answer: a) Binding data and functions into a single unit
10. Which keyword is used to prevent a method from being overridden in a subclass in Java?
 Answer: b) final

Discrete Structures (05%)

11. Which of the following is a valid logical connective?

 Answer: c) NOR
12. What is the negation of the statement "Some birds can fly"?
 Answer: b) No birds can fly
13. In set theory, what does the union of two sets contain?
 Answer: d) All elements from both sets without repetition
14. What is the cardinality of the set {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}?
 Answer: c) 5
15. Which of the following is a valid quantifier in predicate logic?
 Answer: a) There exists (∃)

Digital Logic and Computer Organization (06%)

16. Which logic gate produces a low output only when all inputs are low?
 Answer: c) NOR gate
17. What is the binary representation of the decimal number 13?
 Answer: a) 1101
18. Which of the following is a non-volatile memory type?
 Answer: c) ROM
19. What does the ALU stand for in computer architecture?
 Answer: a) Arithmetic and Logic Unit
20. Which component is responsible for storing frequently accessed data for quick retrieval in a
computer system?
 Answer: a) Cache memory

Operating Systems (06%)

21. What is the primary function of an operating system?

 Answer: a) To manage hardware resources
22. Which scheduling algorithm gives priority to the process with the highest priority level?
 Answer: c) Priority Scheduling
23. What is the purpose of virtual memory in an operating system?
 Answer: c) To extend the available RAM
24. Which mechanism is used to prevent multiple processes from accessing shared resources
simultaneously?
 Answer: a) Mutual exclusion
25. What is a device driver in an operating system?
 Answer: b) A program that controls hardware devices

Database Systems (07%)

26. Which type of database model organizes data into tables with rows and columns?
 Answer: c) Relational
27. What is the purpose of a primary key in a database table?
 Answer: a) To uniquely identify each row in the table
28. Which database operation is used to retrieve specific data from a table based on a given condition?
  Answer: d) SELECT
29. What is the purpose of normalization in database design?
 Answer: c) To eliminate duplicate data
30. Which type of join returns only the rows that have matching values in both tables being joined?
 Answer: a) Inner join

Software Engineering & Development (05%)

31. What is the purpose of version control systems in software development?

 Answer: b) To track and manage changes to source code
32. Which software development model is known for its iterative and incremental approach?
 Answer: c) Agile model
33. What is the purpose of unit testing in software development?
 Answer: b) To test individual components or units of code
34. Which software development process involves breaking down requirements into smaller,
manageable tasks?
 Answer: d) Task decomposition
35. What is the purpose of a software requirement specification (SRS) document?
 Answer: b) To define the functional and non-functional requirements of the software

Computer Communication and Networks (06%)

36. Which layer of the OSI model is responsible for logical addressing and routing?
 Answer: c) Network layer
37. What is the purpose of the TCP protocol in computer networks?
 Answer: b) To guarantee the delivery of packets
38. Which network topology connects all devices in a linear sequence?
 Answer: b) Ring
39. What is the purpose of DNS in computer networks?
 Answer: a) To translate domain names to IP addresses
40. Which protocol is used to send email messages over the internet?
 Answer: c) SMTP

Computer Architecture & Assembly Language (08%)

41. What is the purpose of the program counter (PC) in a CPU?

 Answer: b) To fetch the next instruction to be executed
42. Which instruction moves data from memory to a register in assembly language?
 Answer: a) MOV
43. What is the purpose of the ALU in a CPU?
 Answer: b) To perform arithmetic and logic operations
44. Which addressing mode is used to access memory locations directly using a fixed address?
 Answer: b) Direct
45. What is the purpose of the stack pointer (SP) register in a CPU?
 Answer: b) To store the address of the top of the stack

Theory of Automata and Formal Languages (10%)

46. Which of the following is not a valid component of a finite automaton?

 Answer: d) Variables
47. What is the purpose of regular expressions in formal language theory?
 Answer: b) To describe patterns of strings
48. Which type of automaton can recognize context-free languages?
 Answer: b) Pushdown automaton
49. What is the difference between a deterministic finite automaton (DFA) and a nondeterministic finite
automaton (NFA)?
 Answer: c) DFA has deterministic transitions, while NFA has nondeterministic
transitions
50. Which operation is used to concatenate two regular languages?
 Answer: c) Concatenation

Analysis of Algorithms (10%)

51. What is the time complexity of linear search in an unsorted array?

 Answer: c) O(n)
52. Which of the following is not a valid complexity class?
 Answer: d) PSPACE
53. What is the time complexity of the bubble sort algorithm in the worst-case scenario?
 Answer: d) O(n^2)
54. Which algorithm is used to find the shortest path in an unweighted graph?
 Answer: d) Breadth-First Search (BFS)
55. What is the purpose of big O notation in the analysis of algorithms?
 Answer: c) To represent the worst-case time complexity of an algorithm

Artificial Intelligence (07%)

56. What is the time complexity of linear search in a sorted array?

 Answer: c) O(n)
57. Which complexity class represents the set of decision problems solvable by a
deterministic Turing machine using polynomial time?
 Answer: a) P
58. What is the time complexity of the selection sort algorithm in the worst-case scenario?
 Answer: d) O(n^2)
59. Which algorithm is used to find the minimum spanning tree in a graph?
  Answer: c) Prim's algorithm
60. What is the purpose of big O notation in the analysis of algorithms?
 Answer: c) To represent the worst-case time complexity of an algorithm

System Programming (05%)

61. What is the purpose of an assembler in system programming?

 Answer: a) To translate assembly language code into machine code
62. Which of the following is not a valid system call in operating systems?
 Answer: d) print()
63. What is the purpose of a linker in system programming?
 Answer: b) To combine object files into a single executable file
64. Which system programming language is known for its low-level access to hardware
resources?
 Answer: c) C
65. What is the purpose of a library in system programming?
 Answer: a) To provide reusable code modules

Numerical Computing (05%)

66. Which of the following is not a valid numerical computing library in Python?
 Answer: c) Pandas
67. What is the purpose of linear interpolation in numerical computing?
 Answer: a) To approximate values between known data points
68. Which numerical method is used to find the roots of a nonlinear equation?
 Answer: a) Newton-Raphson method
69. What is the purpose of numerical integration in numerical computing?
 Answer: a) To approximate the area under a curve
70. Which numerical technique is used to approximate the solution to a differential
equation?
 Answer: a) Finite difference method