LAWS OF KENYA

PRIVATE SECURITY REGULATION ACT

NO. 13 OF 2016

Published by the National Council for Law Reporting

with the Authority of the Attorney-General
www.kenyalaw.org
 No. 13 of 2016
Private Security Regulation

NO. 13 OF 2016

PRIVATE SECURITY REGULATION ACT

ARRANGEMENT OF SECTIONS
PART I – PRELIMINARY
Section
1. Short title.
2. Interpretation.
3. Object of the Act.
4. Application of the Act.
5. Guiding principles.
6. Mandatory registration.
PART II – ESTABLISHMENT AND COMPOSITION OF THE AUTHORITY
7. Establishment of Authority.
8. Access to services.
9. Functions of the Authority.
10. Powers of the Authority.
11. The Board of the Authority
12. Allowances of the Board.
13. Term of the Chairperson and Board members.
14. Committees of the Board.
15. Delegation by the Board.
16. Meetings of the Board.
17. Powers of the Cabinet Secretary.
18. Director.
19. Staff of the Authority.
20. Terms and conditions of service.
PART III – REGISTRATION OF INDIVIDUAL
PRIVATE SECURITY SERVICES PROVIDER
21. Registration of individual private security service provider.
22. Interpretation.
23. Requirement for Registration.
24. Issuance of a certificate of registration.
25. Registration terms and conditions.
26. Renewal of registration.
27. Compliance with the code of conduct.
PART IV – REGISTRATION OF PRIVATE SECURITY SERVICES FIRMS
28. Mandatory registration.
29. Requirements for licensing.
30. Approval or decline to issue a licence.
31. Licence.
32. Cancellation of a licence.

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33. Registration of officers in a firm.

34. Issuance of a licence or certificate.
35. Duties of a licensee.
36. Particulars of employment.
PART V – GENERAL PROVISIONS ON REGISTRATION
37. Additional requirements for registration.
38. Inspection for registration compliance.
39. Ineligibility for registration.
40. Authority Register.
41. Registered person to keep register.
42. Access to information.
43. Appeals to the Cabinet Secretary.
44. Appeals to courts.
PART VI – COOPERATION WITH NATIONAL SECURITY ORGANS
45. Duty to cooperate.
PART VII – GENERAL POWERS OF
PRIVATE SECURITY SERVICE PROVIDERS
46. Power to arrest.
47. Power to search.
48. Power to record and temporary withhold identification documents.
49. Right to report a violation of the law.
50. Powers excludes police powers.
PART VIII – EQUIPMENT AND OTHER TOOLS OF
TRADE FOR PRIVATE SECURITY PROVIDERS
51. Equipment.
52. Use of animals for security purposes.
53. Use of firearms.
PART IX – INQUIRY INTO CONDUCT OF
PRIVATE SECURITY SERVICES PROVIDERS
54. Inspection of books, documents etc.
55. Conduct of inquiry.
56. Appointment of inspector.
57. Code of conduct of inspectors.
58. Inspection of private security service providers.
59. Powers of inspectors relating to security service providers.
PART X – PRIVATE SECURITY FIDELITY FUND
60. Private Security fidelity levy.
61. Private Security Fidelity Fund.
62. Fund subject to the Public Finance Management Act.
PART XI – FINANCIAL PROVISIONS
63. Funds of the Authority.
64. Financial year.
65. Annual estimates.
66. Accounts and audit.

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PART XII – MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS

67. Annual reports.
68. Code of conduct.
69. Offences.
70. Regulations.

FIRST SCHEDULE — PROVISIONS RELATING TO THE CONDUCT

OF THE BUSINESS AND AFFAIRS OF THE
BOARD
SECOND SCHEDULE — CODE OF CONDUCT FOR PRIVATE SECURITY
SERVICES PROVIDERS

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NO. 13 OF 2016
PRIVATE SECURITY REGULATION ACT
[Date of assent: 18th May, 2016.]
[Date of commencement: 3rd June, 2016.]
AN ACT of Parliament to provide for the regulation of the private security
industry, to provide for a framework for cooperation with National Security
Organs; and for connected purposes
PART I — PRELIMINARY
1. Short title
This Act may be cited as the Private Security Regulation Act, 2016.
2. Interpretation
In this Act, unless the context otherwise requires—
“Authority” means the Private Security Regulatory Authority" established
by section 7(1);
"Board” means the Board of the Authority established by section 11;
"Cabinet Secretary” means the Cabinet Secretary responsible for matters
relating to internal security;
"firearm” has the meaning assigned to it under the Firearms Act (Cap. 114);
“foreign power” means a foreign government, foreign organization or
an entity that is directed or controlled by a foreign government or foreign
organization;
“Director” means the director of the Board appointed in accordance with
section 18;
"member of a disciplined services” includes a member of the—
(a) National Police Service;
(b) Kenya Defence Forces;
(c) National Intelligence Service;
(d) Kenya Forest Service;
(e) Kenya Wildlife Service;
(f) Prisons Department; and
(g) any other Service established under an Act of Parliament that
offers security or quasi-security related services;
“misconduct” means any action, failure or refusal to act, which may not
necessarily constitute a contravention of the law but does not meet—
(a) the requirements of the code of conduct referred to under section
27;
(b) the values set out under Article 10 of the Constitution; or
(c) applicable norms and standards provided for in international
instruments applicable to Kenya;

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“National Security Organs” means the national security organs

established under Article 239 of the Constitution;
“private security service provider" means a person or body of persons,
other than a state agency, registered under this Act to provide private security
services to any person;
“private security firms" means a body corporate, including a partnership,
which provides private security services;
“private security services" means any of the following services whether
performed by an individual or firm—
(a) installation of burglar alarms and other protective equipment;
(b) private investigations and consultancy;
(c) car tracking or surveillance;
(d) close-circuit television;
(e) provision of guard dog services;
(f) security for cash in transit;
(g) access control installation;
(h) locksmiths; or
(i) any other private security service as may determined from time to
time by the Board by a notice in the Gazette;
"security service” means or more of the following services or activities—
(a) protecting or safeguarding a person or property in any manner;
(b) giving advice on the protection or safeguarding of a person or
property, on any other type of security service as defined in this
section, or on the use of security equipment;
(c) providing a reactive or response service in connection with the
safeguarding of a person or property in any manner;
(d) providing a service aimed at ensuring order and safety on the
premises used for sporting, recreational, entertainment or similar
purposes;
(e) manufacturing, importing, distributing or advertising of monitoring
devices for interception and monitoring provided for under any
written law;
(f) performing the functions of a private investigator;
(g) providing security training or instruction to a security service
provider or prospective security service provider;
(h) installing, servicing or repairing security equipment;
(i) monitoring signals or transmissions from electronic security
equipment;
(j) performing the functions of a locksmith;
(k) making a person or the services of a person available, whether
directly or indirectly, for the rendering of any service referred to in
paragraphs (a) to (j) and (l), to another person;
(l) managing, controlling or supervising the rendering of any of the
services referred to in paragraphs (a) to (j);
(m) creating the impression, in any manner, that one or more of the
services in paragraphs (a) to (l) are rendered;

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“person” includes—
(a) a natural person;
(b) a partnership;
(c) a business trust;
(d) a foundation;
(e) any company incorporated or registered in terms of any law; and
(f) any other body of persons corporate or unincorporated;
“private security services industry” means the people and activities
involved in the provision of private security services;
"property” means any movable, immovable or intellectual property, or any
right to such property;
“security equipment” means—
(a) an alarm system;
(b) a safe, vault or secured container;
(c) a satellite tracking device, closed circuit television or other
electronic monitoring device or surveillance equipment;
(d) a device used for intrusion detection, access control, bomb
detection, fire detection, metal detection, x-ray inspection or for
securing telephone communications;
(e) a specialised device used to open, close or engage locking
mechanisms; or
(f) a specialised device used to reproduce or duplicate keys or
other objects which are used to unlock, close or engage locking
mechanisms;
“private security officer” means a person who is authorized and registered
under this Act to offer private security services at a fee;
“security guard” means a person employed as such by a contract security
organization or proprietary security organization; and
“register”, with regard to a security service provider, means entering the
name of a security service provider in the register contemplated in this Act.
3. Object of the Act
The Object of the Act is to—
(a) provide for a framework of regulation of the private security services
industry in accordance with the values and principles set out in the
Constitution;
(b) provide for a framework for the regulation of foreign ownership and
control of a business operating as a security service provider;
(c) regulate private security services registered in Kenya rendered
outside the Republic; and
(d) provide for a framework for cooperation between the private security
services industry and the state agencies that deal with security.

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4. Application of the Act

This Act shall apply to—
(a) private security officers;
(b) security guards;
(c) private security service providers;
(d) private security firms; and
(e) private investigators.
5. Guiding principles
All persons subject to this Act shall at all times—
(a) respect, uphold and defend the values and principles enshrined in the
Constitution; and
(b) uphold and respect Article 238 (1) and 238 (2) (a) and (b) of the
Constitution; and
(c) recognize and respect the role of national security organs under
Chapter Fourteen of the Constitution and any written law.
6. Mandatory registration
Any person or firm offering private security services shall be registered by the
Authority in accordance with this Act.
PART II — ESTABLISHMENT AND COMPOSITION OF THE AUTHORITY
7. Establishment of Authority
(1) There is established an Authority to be known as the Private Security
Regulatory Authority.
(2) The Authority shall be a body corporate with perpetual succession and a
common seal, and shall in its corporate name be capable of—
(a) suing and being sued;
(b) acquiring, holding and disposing of movable and immovable property;
and
(c) doing or performing all such other things or acts as may be lawfully
done by a body corporate.
8. Access to services
(1) The Headquarters of the Authority shall be in Nairobi.
(2) The Authority shall ensure reasonable access of its services in all parts of
the Republic, so far as it is appropriate to do so, having regard to the nature of
the service.
9. Functions of the Authority
The Functions of the Authority shall be to—
(a) ensure the effective administration, supervision, regulation and
control of the private security services industry in Kenya;
(b) formulate and enforce standards for the conduct of the private security
services industry in Kenya;
(c) register and license all persons involved in or conducting private
security services in Kenya;

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(d) maintain a data bank of the operations, conduct and employment

history of persons registered and licensed under this Act;
(e) promote the development of the private security services industry;
(f) advise the Cabinet Secretary on the national policy on any matter
affecting the private security industry;
(g) ensure that private security service providers act in the public and
national interest when rendering their services;
(h) determine, prescribe and enforce minimum standards of occupational
conduct in respect of the private security services industry;
(i) encourage and promote efficiency and responsibility in the rendering
of private security services;
(j) set standards and accredit institutions offering training of security
service providers and prospective security service providers to ensure
a high quality of training and in particular with regard to—
(i) the accreditation and withdrawal of the accreditation of persons
and institutions providing security training;
(ii) the monitoring and auditing of the quality of training functions
performed by accredited persons;
(iii) the participation in the activities of other bodies or persons
entitled by law to set standards in respect of training of private
security service providers or bodies entitled to formulate,
implement or monitor skills development plans for the private
security services industry;
(iv) the appointment of persons to monitor and assess
achievements or outcomes in respect of standards applicable
to training;
(v) the determination and accreditation of qualifications required by
security service providers to perform particular types of security
services; and
(vi) the taking of reasonable steps to verify the authenticity of
training certificates presented by persons for the purposes of
this Act;
(k) set standards to encourage equal opportunity employment practices
in the private security services industry;
(l) promote the protection and enforcement of the rights of security
guards, private security officers and other employees in the private
security services industry;
(m) develop and maintain a computerized data base with information
required for the proper performance of its functions;
(n) cooperate with any person or body in the performance of an act which
the Authority by law is permitted to perform;
(o) provide information to the users, prospective users or representatives
of users of security services regarding the compliance of private
security service providers with the provisions of this Act;
(p) provide or disseminate information promoting and encouraging
compliance with this Act and the code of conduct by private security
service providers;

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(q) provide and set standards that ensure compliance with the minimum
wage regulations; and
(r) protect the interests of the users of private security services by offering
the users avenues to seek redress where there are violations of the
law.
10. Powers of the Authority
In the exercise of its functions, the Authority has power to—
(a) establish relations with or enter into co-operation agreements with
bodies or offices regulating the private security industry in other
countries, or bodies representing such regulators;
(b) conduct, or cause to be conducted, hearings, investigations and
inquiries with regard to any matter falling within the scope of its
functions; and
(c) generally perform any act that contributes to the attainment of its
objects.
11. The Board of the Authority
(1) The Authority shall be governed by a Board consisting of—
(a) a chairperson appointed by the President;
(b) the following members appointed by the Cabinet Secretary—
(i) the Principal Secretary responsible for matters relating to
internal security;
(ii) the Principal Secretary responsible for matters relating to
finance;
(iii) the Principal Secretary responsible for matters relating to
labour;
(iv) a representative of the National Police Service;
(v) a representative of the National Intelligence Service;
(vi) two members of registered associations representing
employee organizations elected in accordance with regulations
prescribed by the Cabinet Secretary;
(vii) two members of registered associations representing private
security firms elected in accordance with regulations prescribed
by the Cabinet Secretary;
(viii) one member nominated by registered residents associations to
represent the interests of residents; and
(ix) one member nominated by the Kenya Private Sector Alliance.
(2) The Cabinet Secretary shall make Regulations generally to provide for the
procedure for the appointment of members of the Board and in particular—
(a) to regulate the appointment of the representatives under subsection
(1) (b) (vi) and (vii);
(b) ensure that the appointment of representatives under subsection (1)
(b) (vi) and (vii) is representative of industry players and if possible,
provide for rotational appointment to ensure representation of small
and large scale firms and associations;

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(c) ensure that the Board respects and upholds the principles and
requirements under Article 232 (1) and 27 of the Constitution.
(3) person shall be qualified for appointment as the chairperson of the Board
if that person—
(a) is a citizen of Kenya;
(b) meets the requirements of Chapter Six of the Constitution has served
the public with distinction; and
(c) has at least fifteen years' experience in security matters.
12. Allowances of the Board
The Chairperson and members of the Board shall be paid such allowances
as the Cabinet Secretary in consultation with the Salaries and Remuneration
Commission shall determine.
13. Term of Board members
The Chairperson and members of the Board shall serve the Authority for a
period of three years and shall be eligible for reappointment for one further term.
14. Committees of the Board
(1) The Board may establish such committees as may be necessary for the
proper discharge of its functions under this Act or any other written law.
(2) The Board may co-opt into the membership of the committees established
under subsection (1) any person whose knowledge and expertise may be required.
15. Delegation by the Board
(1) The Authority may, by resolution generally of the Board or in any particular
case, delegate in writing, to a committee or any officer, member of staff or agent of
the Authority, the exercise of any of the powers or the performance of any of the
functions or duties of the Authority under this Act.
(2) A delegation under subsection (1) shall not prevent the Authority from
exercising the power in question.
(3) A delegation under this section—
(a) shall be subject to any conditions as the Board may impose;
(b) shall not divest the Authority of the responsibility concerning the
exercise of the powers or the performance of the duty delegated; and
(c) may be withdrawn, and any decision made by the person to whom the
delegation is made may be withdrawn or varied by the Authority.
16. Meetings of the Board
The conduct of the business and affairs of the Board shall be as set out in the
First Schedule.
17. Powers of the Cabinet Secretary
(1) The Authority shall operate under the supervision of the Cabinet Secretary.
(2) Where the Authority fails to maintain any prescribed standard in the
fulfilment of its functions under this Act, the Cabinet Secretary may give general
or special directions to the Authority describing the extent of the failure and stating
the steps required to remedy the situation.

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18. Director
(1) The Board, in consultation with the Cabinet Secretary, shall competitively
appoint a Director of the Authority who shall be the Chief Executive Officer and
Secretary to the Board.
(2) A person is qualified for appointment as the Director to the Authority if that
person—
(a) holds a degree from a university recognized in Kenya in any of the
following disciplines—
(i) public administration and management;
(ii) law;
(iii) business administration; or
(iv) security studies;
(b) meets the requirements of Chapter Six of the Constitution; and
(c) has at least ten years experience, five of which shall be experience
at senior management level.
(3) The Director shall serve the Authority for a term of three years and
shall be eligible, subject to satisfactory performance of his or her functions, for
reappointment for one further term.
(4) A person shall not be appointed as the Director or an officer of the Authority
if such person has any direct or indirect interest in the private security services
industry.
(5) The Director may be removed from office for gross misconduct, violation of
the Constitution or any other law or on any other ground as may be provided for
in the contract of employment.
(6) The Director shall be responsible to the Board for the day to day operations
of the Authority.
19. Staff of the Authority
(1) The Board shall competitively appoint suitably qualified staff as may be
necessary for the efficient performance of the functions of the Authority.
(2) In the appointment of the staff of the Authority, the Board shall comply with
the values and principles set out in the Constitution and in particular—
(a) afford adequate and equal opportunities for appointment and
advancement at all levels, of men and women, members of all ethnic
groups and persons with disabilities;
(b) exercise transparency in the recruitment process; and
(c) ensure competitive recruitment and selection on the basis of personal
integrity, competence and suitability.
20. Terms and conditions of service
The staff of the Authority shall serve the Authority—
(a) on such conditions of service as the Board in consultation with the
Public Service Commission may determine; and
(b) on such terms of service as the Board, on recommendation of the
Salaries and Remuneration Commission may determine.

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PART III — REQUIREMENTS FOR REGISTRATION AS AN

INDIVIDUAL PRIVATE SECURITY SERVICE PROVIDER
21. Registration of individual private security service provider
A person shall not engage in the provision of private security services or offer
private security services in Kenya at a fee unless that person is registered by the
Authority in accordance with this Act.
22. Interpretation
In this Part an "individual private security service provider" means—
(a) a security guard;
(b) a private security officer employed in a private security firm; or
(c) a private security provider.
23. Requirement for Registration
(1) An individual private security services provider shall make an application
for registration to the Authority in such form and manner as may be prescribed and
the application shall be accompanied by the prescribed application fee.
(2) An individual shall be eligible for registration as an individual private security
provider if that person—
(a) is a citizen of Kenya or a person who is ordinarily resident in Kenya;
(b) is over eighteen years of age;
(c) holds at least a primary school certificate;
(d) has attended training in security matters in an institution accredited
by the Authority;
(e) submits a certificate of good conduct issued by the Directorate of
Criminal Investigation;
(f) where he or she previously served in any of the disciplined services,
produces a certificate of discharge and a certificate of clearance from
such service;
(g) has no criminal record; and
(h) is of sound mind.
24. Issuance of a certificate of registration
The Authority shall issue a certificate of registration to all successful applicants
as evidence of registration.
25. Registration terms and conditions
A registration done under this Act—
(a) shall remain in force for such period as may be specified therein not
exceeding one year and may be renewed from time to time for periods
not exceeding one year;
(b) may be granted subject to such restrictions and on such conditions
as may be specified in the certificate of registration; and
(c) shall be subject to the payment of such annual fee as may from time
to time be prescribed by the Authority.

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26. Renewal of registration

(1) An individual private security service provider shall annually register with
the Authority in a manner prescribed by the Authority.
(2) An application for renewal under this section shall be made to the Authority
in such form and manner as may be prescribed and shall be accompanied by—
(a) the prescribed application fee; and
(b) evidence of having undertaken training in security matters of not less
than a week in the preceding year.
(3) The Authority shall consider the application for renewal of registration
referred to under subsection (1) and may renew or decline to renew the registration.
(4) The Authority may decline to register or renew the registration of any
individual private security service provider where the Authority after undertaking
investigations is convinced that the applicant no longer meets the requirements set
out under section 23 (2), is a threat to national security; or for any other compelling
and justifiable cause.
(5) Where the Authority declines to renew the registration of an applicant as
provided under subsection (4), the Authority shall communicate, in writing, the
reasons for declining.
(6) Where an application for renewal of registration is refused, any fee paid
under subsection (2) shall be refunded to the applicant.
27. Compliance with the code of conduct
An individual private security service provider shall at all times comply with the
code of conduct set out in the Second Schedule.
PART IV — REGISTRATION AS A CORPORATE
PRIVATE SECURITY SERVICE PROVIDER
28. Mandatory registration
A person shall not engage in the provision of private security services or offer
private security services in Kenya at a fee unless that person is licensed by the
Authority in accordance with this Act.
29. Requirements for licensing
(1) An application for a licence to offer private security services in Kenya
shall be made to the Authority in writing, in the manner prescribed and shall be
accompanied by such fees as shall be prescribed by the Authority.
(2) A person shall be eligible for registration as a private security service
provider if that person—
(a) is a company incorporated and established in Kenya;
(b) if a foreign company, is registered whether as a limited liability
company or a partnership in accordance with the laws of Kenya and
has at least twenty five percent local shareholding;
(c) has persons performing executive or management functions in
respect of the security business who are registered as private security
service providers under this Act; and
(d) has been security-vetted and nothing adverse has been established.

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30. Approval or decline to issue a licence

(1) The Authority shall consider applications for a licence received under this
Act and shall if the applicants meet the requirements under this Act issue a licence.
(2) The Authority shall refuse to grant a licence under this Act to any person
who—
(a) a resolution has been passed or an order has been made by a court
of competent jurisdiction for its winding up;
(b) a receiver has been appointed for any of its property;
(c) any of its directors has been convicted of an offence and sentenced
to imprisonment for a period exceeding six months;
(d) has been convicted, during the period of ten years immediately
preceding the application, of an offence and fined in accordance with
this Act or any other written law; or
(e) it considers that it is not in the national interest to grant a licence.
(3) Where the Authority refuses to grant a licence on any of the grounds
specified in subsection (2) the Authority shall state the reasons therefor and inform
the applicant of the right of appeal conferred by this Act or any other written law.
31. Licence
A licence granted by the Authority under section 30—
(a) shall remain in force for such period as may be specified therein not
exceeding five years, subject to annual renewal; and
(b) may be granted subject to such restrictions and on such conditions
as may be specified in the licence.
32. Cancellation of a licence
(1) Subject to this Act, the Authority shall cancel a licence granted under this
Act where it is satisfied that—
(a) the licensee has had an order in bankruptcy made against him or her
which remains undischarged;
(b) the licensee knowingly and willfully gave false information of a
material nature in connection with its application for the grant or
renewal of its licence;
(c) the condition upon which the licence was originally granted or
renewed can no longer be fulfilled by the licensee; or
(d) the licensee is convicted of any offence under this Act or any offence
and sentenced to a fine exceeding five hundred thousand shillings.
(2) Where the Authority cancels a licence under subsection (1), it shall notify
the licensee in writing of such cancellation, stating the reasons therefor, and of the
right of appeal conferred by this Act or any other written law.
33. Registration of officers in a firm
(1) A private security service firm shall not employ a private security service
provider, a security guard or a trainer who is not registered under this Act.
(2) Every person who is employed in a private security service firm, including
a person offering security services training shall apply to the Authority to be
registered under this Act.

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(3) Every person who is the holder of a licence to operate the business of a
private security service firm shall apply to the Authority to be registered under this
Act.
(4) An application under this section shall be made to the Authority in such form
and manner as may be prescribed.
34. Issuance of a licence or certificate
A licence or certificate of registration issued under this Act shall be issued by the
Authority in the prescribed form within fourteen days from the date of registration.
35. Duties of a licensee
Every licensee under this Act shall forthwith notify the Authority in writing of—
(a) any dismissal, resignation or retirement of any director or partner in
the organization or firm;
(b) the reasons for any dismissal, resignation, retirement or termination
of service of any armed or unarmed private security guard; and
(c) the names and addresses of any new partner or director in the
organization.
36. Particulars of employment
A private security guard or an individual private security services provider shall
forthwith notify the Authority in writing of any termination or change in his or her
employment.
PART V — GENERAL PROVISIONS ON REGISTRATION
37. Additional requirements for registration
An application under this Act shall be accompanied by—
(a) a clear and complete set of fingerprints taken in the prescribed
manner—
(i) of the applicant, if the applicant is a natural person;
(ii) if the applicant is a private security firm, of every natural person
performing executive or managing functions in respect of such
private security firm;
(iii) of each director, if the applicant is a company;
(iv) of each member, if the applicant is a corporation;
(v) of each partner, if the applicant is a partnership;
(vi) of each trustee, if the applicant is a business trust; and
(vii) of each administrator or person in control;
(b) any other document or certificate required in terms of this Act or by
the Authority to be submitted with an application for registration.
38. Inspection for registration compliance
The Authority may cause such inspection to be conducted, as it may consider
necessary to establish whether an applicant meets the requirements for registration
contemplated under this Act.

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39. Ineligibility for registration

(1) A person shall not be registered to provide private security services under
this Act if that person—
(a) is in the permanent employment of the Authority, the National
Intelligence Service, the disciplined services or the prisons
department;
(b) has been convicted by a competent court of an offence involving
violence, theft or fraud;
(c) is an undischarged bankrupt;
(d) is found to be associating with any organization which is prohibited
under any law for the time being in force;
(e) being a public officer, is dismissed from service on grounds of
misconduct or moral turpitude;
(f) is an agent of foreign power; or
(g) is or has engaged in acts prejudicial to national security or national
interests.
(2) A partner, owner or shareholder of a private security firm who becomes
disqualified under subsection (1) shall cease to be a partner, owner or shareholder
of the firm for purposes of providing private security services and the provisions of
the Companies Act (Cap. 486) shall apply.
40. Authority Register
(1) The Authority shall keep a register of persons licensed and registered under
this Act, and shall enter in such register the following particulars—
(a) the names, addresses and occupations of licensees;
(b) the names of persons issued with a registration certificate or a licence
and the registration number and date of issue of such certificate or
licence;
(c) a description of any licence, permit or certificate issued to the licensee
pursuant to the Firearms Act (Cap. 114);
(d) the terms and conditions (if any) subject to which a licence is granted;
(e) any other information as the Authority may consider necessary for
purposes of realizing the principles under Article 35 (1) and 35 (3) and
the principles of national security enshrined in Article 238 (1) and 238
(2) of the Constitution.
(2) The register referred to in subsection (1) shall, at all reasonable times, be
open to inspection by any person.
41. Registered person to keep register
(1) A private security provider shall keep a register of all persons employed for
purposes of providing security.
(2) The register referred to under subsection (1) shall include the names of
the employees, particulars of employment and any other information as may be
prescribed by the Authority.

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42. Access to information

(1) The Authority shall maintain an up-to-date official website where the register
and any other information as may be necessary shall be availed.
(2) In publicizing and publishing information under this Act, the Authority shall
respect and uphold the human rights and fundamental freedoms of others including
the right to privacy.
43. Appeals to the Cabinet Secretary
(1) Any person aggrieved by a decision of the Authority may within thirty days
of such decision, appeal to the Cabinet Secretary.
(2) The Cabinet Secretary shall within seven days of receipt, constitute an ad
hoc committee, comprising of not more than three persons to hear and determine
the appeal.
(3) The Cabinet Secretary shall ensure that any appeal brought before him or
her is heard and determined within thirty days of receipt.
(4) The Cabinet Secretary shall within fourteen days of the hearing of an appeal
under this section deliver his or her decision in writing.
(5) Where an appeal is lodged under this section, the Authority shall not take
any action until the appeal has been heard and determined.
(6) Any person making an appeal under this section may either in person or by
his or her representative make oral or written submissions to the Cabinet Secretary
or the Committee established under subsection (2).
44. Appeals to courts
Any person aggrieved by a decision of the Authority or the Cabinet Secretary
under this Act may appeal to any court of competent jurisdiction.
PART VI — COOPERATION WITH NATIONAL SECURITY ORGANS
45. Duty to cooperate
(1) Whenever called upon by a national security organ, the Inspector General
of the National Police Service or the Cabinet Secretary, a private security service
provider shall cooperate in the maintenance of law and order or in any other manner
as may be provided for in the instrument of request.
(2) The Cabinet Secretary in consultation with the Inspector-General and the
Authority shall make regulations generally to provide for any matter relating to the
cooperation, scope, mechanism and command in the case of cooperation with the
private security service provider.
PART VII — GENERAL POWERS OF A
PRIVATE SECURITY SERVICE PROVIDER
46. Power to arrest
(1) In exercise of the citizens right to arrest, a private security service provider,
a security guard or a security officer may arrest a person who commits an offence
within the premises in which that provider, guard or officer is responsible for and
immediately hand over the person to the nearest police station or post.
(2) The right to arrest under subsection (1) shall be responsibly exercised and
shall not infringe on any right or fundamental freedom of a person.

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(3) A private security service provider, a security guard or security guard who
violates an individual right or fundamental freedom in exercise of the right to effect
arrest under this section commits an offence and shall in addition to cancellation
of licence be liable on conviction to the penalty prescribed under this Act or any
other written law whichever is higher.
(4) The Cabinet Secretary shall make regulations generally to provide for the
responsible exercise of the power of arrest granted under this section.
47. Power to search
(1) A private security service provider, a security guard or security officer
manning a building or responsible for any property may search a person on entry
or exit of that building or property without a warrant.
(2) In the exercise of the power to search under subsection (1), a private
security service provider, a security guard or a security officer shall not infringe on
any right or fundamental freedom of an individual under the Constitution.
(3) The power to search under subsection (1) shall be exercised responsibly
and shall be subject to any other written law.
(4) A private security service provider, a security guard or security guard who
violates an individual right or fundamental freedom in exercise of the right to search
under this section commits an offence and shall in addition to cancellation of
licence, be liable on conviction to the penalty prescribed under this Act or any other
written law whichever is higher.
(5) The Cabinet Secretary shall, within three months of the commencement of
this Act, make regulations generally to provide for the responsible exercise of the
power of search granted under this section.
48. Power to record and temporarily withhold identification documents
(1) At the entry of any premises or property within the jurisdiction and care
of a private security service provider, a security guard or a security officer, the
private security service provider, security guard or officer may request a person to
identify themselves, register the time of entrance and exit of the person and retain
temporarily the identification document of such person.
(2) The identification document surrendered under subsection (1) shall—
(a) be given back to the person at the point of exit;
(b) not be used for any other purpose save for identification;
(c) be kept in safe custody until given back to the owner.
(3) Subject to section 45, any information obtained in the registration of a person
under subsection (1) shall not be used for any other purposes save for identification
of the person.
(4) The Cabinet Secretary shall make regulations generally to give full effect
to this section.
(5) A person who violates any provision of this section or any regulations
made thereunder commits an offence and shall be liable on conviction to a penalty
prescribed under this Act.

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49. Right to report a violation of the law

(1) Any person subject to this Act who witnesses the commission of an offence
is obliged to report any violation of a written law to the relevant state authority.
(2) Any person subject to this Act who aids or abets the commission of
an offence under any written law commits an offence and shall be liable upon
conviction to penalty prescribed in this Act or any other written law.
(3) The law relating to witness protection or any other law shall be applicable
to security guards, private security officer or any private security services provider
who is a witness and whose identity shall be withheld in the interest of justice.
50. Powers excludes police powers
For the avoidance of doubt, nothing contained in this Part shall be construed as
conferring upon a private security service provider, a security guard or a security
officer the powers of a police officer or member of a disciplined service.
PART VIII — EQUIPMENT AND OTHER TOOLS
OF TRADE FOR PRIVATE SECURITY SERVICES
51. Equipment
(1) A private security provider shall not—
(a) use or allow the use of uniforms similar to any of the uniforms worn
by any disciplined forces or any national security organ in Kenya;
(b) brand its vehicles in similar colors with any disciplined force or national
security organ in Kenya;
(c) install communication tools or systems capable of interfering with a
communication system used by any disciplined forces or national
security organ in Kenya;
(d) use the names, logos, initials and emblems similar or resembling
those of a national security organ or a disciplined service;
(e) use or install equipment that is capable of intercepting or otherwise
interfering with another person's communication; or
(f) use or install such other equipment as the Cabinet Secretary may
from time to time prescribe.
(2) The Cabinet Secretary in consultation with the Authority and private security
providers shall make regulations generally to give full effect to this section.
(3) Without prejudice to the generality of the power to make regulations under
subsection (2), the Cabinet Secretary shall make Regulations on—
(a) the use or otherwise of certain types of equipment and tools by
security service providers in the rendering of a security service;
(b) the manufacture, importation, selling, distribution and possession of
certain security equipment; and
(c) classification of security equipment that may not be used without the
authority of the Cabinet Secretary.
(4) A person who contravenes this section commits an offence and shall, in
addition to cancellation of licence, be liable, on conviction, to a penalty prescribed
in this Act or any other written law, whichever is higher.

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52. Use of animals for security purposes

(1) A private security service provider shall handle animals used for security
purposes under their care or use in a manner that is not cruel to the animal.
(2) The laws applicable to the protection and welfare of animals shall be
applicable to private security service providers.
(3) The Cabinet Secretary in consultation with the Board shall make
Regulations providing for—
(a) the use of animals in the provision of private security services;
(b) the care of animals in the provision of private security services;
(c) the training, registration, use, treatment, transportation and general
care of animals used by private security service providers and other
persons who employ private security officers, or in connection with
rendering a security service; and
(d) any other relevant matter to give full effect to this section.
(4) A person who contravenes any provision of this section commits an offence.
53. Use of firearms
(1) A private security service provider shall not use or allow the use of firearms
in the rendering of a security service.
(2) A person who contravenes the provisions of this section commits an offence
and shall in addition to cancellation of licence, be liable on conviction to a penalty
prescribed in this Act or any other written law, whichever is higher.
PART IX — INQUIRY INTO CONDUCT OF
PRIVATE SECURITY SERVICES PROVIDERS
54. Inspection of books, documents etc.
(1) The Authority may—
(a) by notice in writing to a licensee specify the books, documents and
records to be kept by the licensee under this Act; and
(b) request any licensee to make available to the Authority for its
inspection such books, documents or records as may be specified in
the notice.
(2) Any person who refuses to comply with a request made under subsection
(1) commits an offence and upon conviction, shall be liable to a fine not exceeding
five hundred thousand shillings and the Authority may cancel his or her licence.
55. Conduct of inquiry
(1) The Authority may establish a complaints office to receive, process, refer or
deal with complaints regarding the quality of service rendered by private security
service providers;
(2) The Authority may, on its own initiative or upon a complaint addressed to
it in writing by or on behalf of any person alleging misconduct, unprofessionalism
or breach of this Act or the Code of Conduct on the part of any registered private
security service provider, institute an inquiry into the conduct of such provider.
(3) The Authority shall institute an inquiry where a pattern emerges of illegal
actions of the employees of a particular private security service provider.
(4) The Authority may conduct the inquiry or refer the matter to a committee
that it has established.

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(5) The Authority may require the complainant to provide additional particulars
of any of the matters complained of and may require the complaint or any part
thereof to be verified by affidavit.
(6) Upon receipt of any complaint against a registered private security service
provider, the Authority shall notify the person of the complaint and the grounds of
the complaint, under a cover of registered letter, sent to the address recorded in
the register of the Authority.
(7) The Authority may, in writing, call upon the person whose conduct is
complained of or is under investigation to file, within ten days after receipt of the
notice, an explanation to be verified by affidavit.
(8) The Authority may, upon receipt of a complaint against any person, or where
it appears to it that any person's conduct requires investigation, summon such
person to appear before it or before its committee and to produce such documents
in such person's custody or adduce such evidence as may relate to the matter
under investigation.
(9) The person summoned under subsection (7) shall have the right to appear
before the Authority and to be heard either personally or through his or her
advocate, and may call such evidence and produce such documents as may be
appropriate.
(10) The Authority, after inquiring into the alleged misconduct of any person
may take such action as it may consider appropriate, including—
(a) cautioning the person;
(b) imposing a fine, not exceeding two hundred thousand shillings on the
person;
(c) suspending the certificates of operation; or
(d) cancelling registration.
(11) In an inquiry under subsection (2), the Authority may recommend all or
any of the following actions—
(a) further training;
(b) discipline; or
(c) removal and prosecution of the affected employees of a private
security service provider.
56. Appointment of inspector
(1) Subject to the provisions of this Act, the Board may appoint inspectors as
staff members of the Authority in terms of this Act.
(2) The director shall furnish every inspector with a certificate in the prescribed
form to the effect that he or she has been so appointed.
(3) An inspector shall at the request of any interested person produce the
certificate when performing a function in terms of this Act.
(4) The Board, or the Director if he or she has been authorized generally or
specifically by the Board, may, if it is considered necessary in the circumstances to
acquire special expertise or to augment the capacity of the Authority temporarily,
appoint any person, who is not in the full-time employment of the Authority, as
an inspector for a particular inspection or to assist an inspector with a particular
inspection.

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(5) When performing any function in terms of this Act, an inspector may be
accompanied by and utilise the services of an assistant, an interpreter or any
member of the National Police Service.
57. Code of conduct of inspectors
(1) The Authority shall prescribe a code of conduct for inspectors, which is
legally binding on all the inspectors.
(2) The code of conduct referred to under subsection (1), shall contain rules
relating to compliance by inspectors with a set of minimum standards of conduct
which are necessary to realize the objects of the Authority.
(3) In addition to the offences provided for under this Act or any other written
law, inspectors shall be subject to the offences and penalties prescribed in the code
of conduct.
58. Inspection of private security service providers
(1) An inspector may, subject to any direction of the Director, carry out an
inspection of the affairs or any part of the affairs of a private security service
provider, of any other person who employs a private security officer, or of a person
whom the Director has reason to believe is a private security service provider or
employs a private security officer.
(2) An inspector who carries out an inspection in terms of this section shall,
on completion of the inspection, compile a report of the inspection, provide a
copy thereof to the relevant private security service provider or other person
contemplated in subsection (1) and submit the original to the Director.
59. Powers of inspectors relating to private security service providers
An inspector shall have all powers necessary to discharge his or her functions
under this Act and may in particular-—
(a) without prior notice, enter any premises—
(i) occupied by or used in connection with the rendering of a
private security service by a private security service provider;
which the Director has reason to believe are occupied by or
used in connection with the rendering of a private security
service by a private security service provider or another person
subject to this Act; or
(ii) where or from where a private security service is rendered
or the Director has reason to believe that such a service is
rendered;
(b) use any applicable equipment which has not been prohibited by
the Authority during such inspection and conduct such inspection,
examination and investigation as may be necessary for the purpose
of monitoring or enforcing compliance with this Act;
(c) use any computer system or equipment on the premises which is or
appears to be utilised for the control or administration of the rendering
of a private security service, or require reasonable assistance from
any person on the premises to use that computer system; and
(d) exercise any other powers as may be prescribed by the Authority.

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PART X — PRIVATE SECURITY FIDELITY FUND

60. Private Security Fidelity Levy
(1) The Cabinet Secretary shall on the advice of the Authority, impose a levy, to
be known as the Private Security Fidelity Levy, on all private security service firms
licensed under this Act to provide private security services.
(2) Notwithstanding subsection (1) the Cabinet Secretary may impose the levy
on all private security providers registered under this Act.
(3) The levy shall be in such amount as the Cabinet Secretary may prescribe,
and the Cabinet Secretary may impose different amounts of levy to be paid by
individuals and private security firms licensed under this Act.
61. Private Security Fidelity Fund
(1) There is established a Fund to be known as the Private Security Fidelity
Fund which shall vest in and be operated by a Board of Trustees under the control
of the Cabinet Secretary.
(2) There shall be paid—
(a) into the Fund, the levy imposed under this Act; and
(b) out of the Fund, all payments required under this Act.
(3) The purpose of the Fund shall be to sustain the operations of the Authority
and to organize training workshops or seminars for private security providers.
(4) The Cabinet Secretary may make regulations to provide for—
(a) the qualifications and appointment of the Board of Trustees of the
Fund;
(b) any other thing which he or she may consider necessary to prescribe
with regard to the Fund.
62. Fund subject to relevant laws
The Private Security Fidelity Fund shall be administered and managed in
accordance with the Public Act Finance Management Act (No. 18 of 2012) and any
other relevant written law.
PART XI — FINANCIAL PROVISIONS
63. Funds of the Authority
(1) The funds of the Authority shall comprise—
(a) such funds as may be provided by Parliament;
(b) such funds as may be collected under the Private Security Fidelity
Fund;
(c) such moneys or assets as may accrue to or vest in the Authority in the
course of the exercise of its powers or the performance of its functions
under this Act of any other written law; and
(d) all moneys from any other source provided for or donated or lent to
the Authority.
(2) Notwithstanding subsection (1) (b), (c) and (d) the Authority shall not accept
funds, gifts or other donations from any person it regulates.
(3) Any moneys donated to the Authority shall be declared at the end of each
financial year.

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(4) There shall be paid out of the funds of the Authority all sums required to
defray the expenditure incurred by the Authority in the exercise of its powers and
the performance of its functions under this Act.
64. Financial year
The financial year of the Authority shall be the period of twelve months ending
on the thirtieth day of June in each year.
65. Annual Estimates
(1) Subject to the Public Finance Management Act (No. 18 of 2012), at least
three months before the commencement of each financial year, the Authority shall
cause to be prepared estimates of revenue and expenditure of the Authority for
that year.
(2) The annual estimates shall make provision for the estimated expenditure
of the Authority for the financial year, and in particular, the estimates shall provide
for—
(a) the payment of salaries, allowances, pensions, gratuities and other
charges in respect of the staff of the Authority;
(b) the proper maintenance of the buildings and grounds of the Authority;
(c) the maintenance, repair and replacement of the equipment and other
property of the Authority;
(d) the creation of such reserve funds as the Authority may consider
appropriate to meet the recurrent expenditure and contingent liabilities
of the Authority;
(3) The annual estimates shall be approved by the Authority before the
commencement of the financial year to which they relate and shall be submitted
to the Cabinet Secretary for approval with the concurrence of the Treasury, and
thereafter the Authority shall not increase the annual estimates without the consent
of the Cabinet Secretary.
66. Accounts and Audit
(1) The Authority shall cause to be kept all proper books and other records of
accounts of the income, expenditure, assets and liabilities of the Authority.
(2) The accounts of the Authority shall be audited and reported upon in
accordance with the provisions of the Public Audit Act (No. 34 of 2015).
PART XII — MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS
67. Annual reports
(1) At the end of each financial year or upon request by the Cabinet Secretary,
the Authority shall submit an annual report on the discharge of its functions under
this Act or any other written law.
(2) The report referred to under subsection (1) shall include—
(a) the number of registration certificates and licenses issued in the
period under review;
(b) the number of applications for registration and licenses declined or
registration and licenses cancelled and the justifications thereof;
(c) any impediment encountered in the discharge of its functions;
(d) any policy matters that the Authority may require to be redressed by
the Cabinet Secretary; and

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(e) any other matter that the Authority may consider necessary to the
discharge of its functions under this Act.
(3) Reports made under this section shall be published and publicized in at
least two daily newspapers of national circulation.
68. Code of conduct
(1) The Cabinet Secretary may after consultation with the Authority, amend
the code of conduct for private security service providers set out in the Second
Schedule.
(2) Without prejudice to the generality of subsection (1), the code of conduct
shall contain sufficient procedures and rules of evidence for its enforcement.
(3) The code of conduct shall be legally binding on all private security service
providers, to the extent provided for in this Act, on every person using his or her
own employees to protect or safeguard his or her own property or other interests,
or persons or property on his or her premises or under his or her control.
(4) The code of conduct must contain rules—
(a) that security service providers must obey in order to promote, achieve
and maintain—
(i) a trustworthy and professional private security service industry
which acts in terms of the law applicable to the members of the
industry;
(ii) compliance by private security service providers with a set of
minimum standards of conduct which is necessary to realize
the objects of the Authority; and
(iii) compliance by private security service providers with their
obligations towards the State, the Authority, consumers of
private security services, the public and the private security
industry in general; and
(b) to ensure the payment of minimum wages and compliance with
standards aimed at preventing exploitation or abuse of employees in
the private security industry, including employees used to protect or
safeguard merely the employer's own property or other interests, or
persons or property on the premises of, or under the control of the
employer.
(5) The code of conduct must be drawn up with due regard to—
(a) the objects of the Authority; and
(b) the different categories or classes of private security service
providers, different types of security services and any other factor
meriting differentiation not amounting to unfair discrimination.
(6) The code of conduct may provide for different penalties in respect of different
categories or classes of private security service providers or other persons who
employ a private security officer.
(7) The code of conduct drawn up in terms of subsection (1) must first be
published by the Cabinet Secretary in the Gazette with a notice indicating that the
Minister intends to issue such a code and inviting interested persons to submit to
the Cabinet Secretary within a stated period, but not less than four weeks from the
date of publication of the notice, any objections to or representations.

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69. Offences
(1) A person who—
(a) operates as a private security organization without being the holder
of a valid licence under this Act for that purpose;
(b) employs as an armed or unarmed security guard or any person who
is not registered as such under this Act;
(c) knowingly makes any false declaration or statement of a material
nature in any application made under this Act;
(d) falsely represents himself or herself to be the holder of a valid licence
or registration certificate issued under this Act;
(e) knowingly hires, employs or otherwise engages the services of any
unlicensed private security firm or unregistered private security guard;
or
(f) otherwise fails to comply with the provisions of this Act or any
regulations made hereunder or the code of conduct,
commits an offence and shall be liable on conviction to a fine not exceeding five
hundred thousand shillings or to both such fine and imprisonment in the case of a
natural person and two million shillings in the case of a firm or corporate.
(2) Any private security guard who—
(a) fails to return a registration certificate to the Authority when required
so to do;
(b) falsely represents himself or herself to be the person named in a
registration certificate issued under this Act; or
(c) divulges to any person (other than his employer or some other person
as directed by his employer or as required by law) any information
acquired in the course of his employment which could compromise or
endanger the security of any premises owned or occupied by or under
the control any person who is doing business or has done business
with the employer of the private security guard,
commits an offence and shall be liable on conviction by a court to a fine not
exceeding five hundred thousand shillings or to imprisonment for a term not
exceeding two years, or to both such fine and imprisonment.
70. Regulations
(1) The Cabinet Secretary in consultation with the Authority may make
regulations for the purpose of the proper administration of and giving effect to this
Act.
(2) Without prejudice to the generality of subsection (1), regulations made under
this section may provide for—
(a) the various forms to be used under this Act;
(b) the procedure for applications for the grant or renewal of licences and
registration certificates and any appeals under this Act;
(c) the employment of personnel by registered private security firms;
(d) the provision of uniforms and equipment to employees of private
security firms;
(e) the provision of protective gear and tools;

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(f) guidelines for registered private security providers; or

(g) membership of private security service providers to corporate bodies.

FIRST SCHEDULE
[Section 16.]

PROVISIONS RELATING TO THE CONDUCT

OF BUSINESS AND AFFAIRS OF THE BOARD
1. Tenure of office
(1) The chairperson and the members of the Board, other than ex-officio
members, shall hold office for a term of three years and shall be eligible for
reappointment for one further term.
(2) The members of the Board shall be appointed in such a manner that the
respective expiry dates of their terms of office fall at different times.
2. Vacation of office
A member other than an ex-officio member may—
(a) at any time resign from office by notice in writing, in the case of the
Chairperson, to the President, and in the case of any other member,
to the Cabinet Secretary;
(b) be removed from office by the President or the Cabinet Secretary, as
the case may be, if the member—
(i) has been absent from three consecutive meetings of the Board
without the permission of the Board;
(ii) is adjudged bankrupt or enters into a composition scheme or
arrangement with his or her creditors;
(iii) is convicted of an offence involving dishonesty or fraud;
(iv) is convicted of a criminal offence and sentenced to
imprisonment for a term exceeding six months or to a fine
exceeding ten thousand shillings;
(v) is incapacitated by prolonged physical or mental illness;
(vi) is found to have acted in a manner inconsistent with the aim
and objectives of this Act;
(vii) fails to comply with the provisions of this Act relating to
disclosure; or
(viii) is otherwise unable or unfit to discharge his or her functions as
member of the Board.
3. Vice-chairperson
At the first meeting of the Board, the members shall elect a vice-chairperson,
from among the members appointed under section 11.
4. Meetings
The Board shall meet at least four times in every financial year and not more
than four months shall elapse between the date of one meeting and the date of
the next meeting:

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Provided that the chairperson may call a special meeting of the Board at any
time where he or she considers it expedient for the transaction of the business of
the Board.
5. Notice of Meeting
Other than a special meeting or unless three quarters of members agree, at
least fourteen days written notice of every meeting of the Board shall be given to
every member of the Board.
6. Quorum
The quorum for the conduct of business of the Board shall be half of the
members, and unless a unanimous decision is reached, decisions shall be by a
majority vote of the members present, and in the case of an equality of votes, the
chairperson or the person presiding shall have a casting vote.
7. Chairperson to preside
The chairperson shall preside over all meetings of the Board in which he or
she is present, but in his or her absence, the vice-chairperson shall preside and
in the absence of the vice-chairperson, the members present shall elect one of
their members who shall, with respect to that meeting and the business transacted
thereat, have all the powers of the chairperson.
8. Disclosure of interest
(1) If a member is directly or indirectly interested in any matter before the Board
and is present at the meeting of the Board at which the matter is the subject of
consideration, he or she shall, at the meeting and as soon as practicable after the
commencement, disclose that fact and shall be excluded at the meeting at which
the matter is being considered.
(2) A disclosure of interest made under this section shall be recorded in the
minutes of the meeting at which it is made.
9. Board may regulate own procedure
Subject to the provisions of this Schedule, the Board may regulate its own
procedure.

SECOND SCHEDULE
[Section 68 (1).]

CODE OF CONDUCT FOR PRIVATE SECURITY PROVIDERS

A registered private security provider shall—
(a) not accept any contract or act in a manner which violates the national
or international law;
(b) strive to ensure the highest standards within the private security
services industry and support the application of a transparent and fair
licensing system throughout the sector, regardless of the size of the
individual companies concerned;

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(c) provide basic training for new employees, where state institutions
do not provide it, and internal training systems which shall cover
international and national law, cultural sensitivity, first aid and gender
issues and further training on a continuous basis;
(d) ensure that the staff it engages are recruited according to objective
criteria and have—
(i) no criminal record;
(ii) not committed past human rights violations; and
(iii) not been dishonourably discharged from state organs that
provide security services or similar agencies abroad;
(e) develop standard operating procedures and put in place strict and
detailed guidelines on the use of minimal force in accordance with
international best practices;
(f) ensure that employees of private security firms are not subjected to
human rights abuses and that services provided to them are examined
for their potential impact on human rights;
(g) ensure that minimum national standards of health and safety at the
employees workplace are maintained, or surpassed, and that risk
assessment and prevention is at the highest possible level;
(h) cooperate with national law enforcement authorities, providing any
information necessary for law enforcement or crime prevention while
respecting client confidentiality and without contravening the law;
(i) not have any affiliation with political movements, paramilitary or
criminal groups, or security agencies in a manner likely to contravene
the law or this Code;
(j) develop internal systems of governance including a code of conduct,
and policies on the recruitment, training, financial and contractual
policies and registration of employees, amongst other things, and
these systems will be open to public scrutiny at all times;
(k) promptly and thoroughly investigate complaints of inappropriate or
illegal behaviour by staff, and shall inform the police of these actions
when appropriate; and
(l) work with other members of the private security sector and other
relevant bodies to promote adherence to this Code and general
professionalism across the sector.

[Issue 3] P30A - 32