Real Numbers - 1hour

NUMBER SYSTEM
Real number
1
Learning Outcomes
(a) To define natural numbers, whole numbers, integers, prime
numbers, rational and irrational numbers.
(b) To represent rational and irrational numbers in decimal
form.
(c) To represent the relationship of number sets in a real
number system diagrammatically.
(d) To represent open, closed and half open intervals and their
representations on the number line.
(e) To simplify union, ∪, and intersection, ∩, of two or more
intervals with the aid of number line.
2
Natural numbers : the set of
counting numbers.
N = {1, 2, 3 …}
Prime numbers : the number

greater than 1 and can be
divided by itself only.
Prime numbers = {2, 3, 5, 7 …}
3
Do you know what is whole
numbers?
• The natural numbers, together

with the number 0.
• W = {0, 1, 2, 3 …}
4
Integers
• The whole numbers together with the
negative of counting numbers form the set
of integers and denoted by Z.
• Z = {…, -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3 …}
Integers
Negative integers
Positive integers
0 Z- = {…, -3, -2, -1}.
Z+ = {1, 2, 3 …}
Integers
Odd numbers Even numbers

{2k + 1, k ∈ Z } {2k, k ∈ Z }
5
Rational Numbers
• A rational number is any number
that can be represented as a
ratio (quotient) of two integers
and can be written as
• Rational number can be expressed

as terminating or repeating
decimals. 6
Irrational Numbers
• The number cannot be written as

a quotient with non repeating
decimal number.
• Eg : 0.452138…,
7
Rational Irrational
numbers Numbers
8
Numbers that are either
rational or irrational are
called real numbers, R.
9
Relationship of Number Sets
Q Z W N
_
Q
From the diagram, we can see that : 1. N ⊂ W ⊂ Z ⊂ Q

⊂R
2. Q ∪ =R
10
For the set of {-5, -3, -1, 0, 3, 8},
identify the set of
(a) natural numbers :

N ={3,8}
(b) whole numbers

W = {0,3,8}
(c) prime numbers

prime number={3}
11
(d) even numbers
even number={0,8}
(e) negative integers

={-5, -3,-1}
(f) odd numbers

odd number ={-5, -3, -1, 3}
12
The number line
• The set of numbers that corresponds to all points on the
number line is called the set of real number.
• The real numbers on the number line are ordered in
increasing magnitude from the left to the right
−4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4
−3.5 ∏
13
Type of interval
a) Open interval (a, b) or
{x : a < x < b}
a b
b) Closed interval [a, b] or

{x: a≤ x ≤ b} a b
c) Half open intervals i)

(i) [a, b) or {x : a ≤ x < b}
a b
(ii) (a, b] or {x : a < x ≤ b}

ii)
a b
14
Example
List the number described and graph the numbers on a
number line.
a)The whole number less than 4
W = {0 , 1, 2 , 3}
∙ ∙ ∙ ∙
-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4
b) The integer between 3 and 9

Z = {4, 5, 6, 7, 8}
∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
15
Example
List the number described and graph the numbers on a
number line.
a) The integer between 3 and 9 :
Z = {4, 5, 6, 7, 8}
∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙
2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
b) The integers greater than -3

Z = {-2, -1, 0 …}
∙ ∙ ∙ ∙ ∙…
-5 -4 -3 -2 -1 0 1 2
16
Example
Represent the following interval on the real number line and
state the type of the interval.
(a) [-1, 4] (b) {x : 2 < x < 5}
0, x ∈
(c) [2, 5) (d) {x : x ≤
R}
a) closed interval
-1 4
b) open interval
2 5
half-open interval
c)
2 5
d) infinite interval
0
17
Intersection and union operation
Example
Given A = [1 , 6) and B = (−2, 4),
Intersection (∩)
Union (∪)
-2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
18
Example
Solve the following using the number line [0, 5) ∪ [4, 7)
0 4 5 7
∴ [0, 5) ∪ [4, 7) = [0, 7)
19
Solve the following using the number line
(b) (−∞, 5) ∩ (−1, 9)
−1 5 9
∴ (−∞, 5) ∩ (−1, 9) = (−1, 5)
20
(c) (−∞, 0] ∪ [0, ∞)
-∞ 0
∞
∴ (−∞, 0] ∪ [0, ∞) = (−∞, ∞) = R
21
(d) (−4, 2) ∪ (0, 4] ∩ [−2, 2)
Consider
(−4, 2) ∪ (0,
4]
-4 0 2 4
∴ (−4, 2) ∪ (0, 4] = (−4, 4]
-4 -2 0 2 4
22
(−4, 4] ∩ [−2, 2) = [−2, 2)
Example
Given A = {x : -2 < x ≤ 5} and B = {x : 0 < x ≤ 7}. Show
that A ∩ B = (0, 5].
−2 0 5 7
∴ (−2, 5] ∩ (0, 7] = (0, 5]
23

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NUMBER SYSTEM

Prime numbers : the number

Prime numbers = {2, 3, 5, 7 …}

• The natural numbers, together

Odd numbers Even numbers

• Rational number can be expressed

• The number cannot be written as

From the diagram, we can see that : 1. N ⊂ W ⊂ Z ⊂ Q

(a) natural numbers :

(b) whole numbers

(c) prime numbers

(e) negative integers

(f) odd numbers

b) Closed interval [a, b] or

c) Half open intervals i)

(ii) (a, b] or {x : a < x ≤ b}

b) The integer between 3 and 9

b) The integers greater than -3

∴ [0, 5) ∪ [4, 7) = [0, 7)

∴ (−∞, 5) ∩ (−1, 9) = (−1, 5)

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