CSEC Biology P2 2018
CSEC Biology P2 2018
CSEC Biology P2 2018
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SECTION A
1. (a) Scientists, interested in studying the survival of organisms living at high temperatures,
identify some microorganisms living in a desert habitat where the average daily temperatures
exceed 50 oC. They extract an enzyme, protease, that facilitates the digestion of proteins
from these organisms, and investigate the effect of temperature on the action of this enzyme.
(i) State TWO precautions that they should take in carrying out this experiment.
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(2 marks)
(ii) The results of their experiment are presented in Table 1. On the grid provided in
Figure 1 on page 5, draw a graph to represent the results presented in Table 1.
(4 marks)
Temperature (oC) 5 10 30 45 50 55 60 65
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(iii) From the graph in Figure 1, identify the optimum temperature for the protease
activity.
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(1 mark)
(iv) Suggest ONE reason for the shape of the graph at less than 10 °C, TWO reasons
for the shape of the graph between 10 and 55 °C, and ONE reason for the shape
of the graph at more than 55 °C.
Less than 10 oC
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10–55 oC
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More than 55 oC
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(4 marks)
(v) Describe a suitable procedure that the scientists could use to investigate the effect
of pH on the activity of the protease enzyme.
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(3 marks)
(ii) Describe how the structures named in (b) (i) help humans to regulate their body
temperature.
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(4 marks)
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(c) Explain how changes in the epidermal cells of leaves help plants to conserve water during
high temperatures.
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(3 marks)
Total 25 marks
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(b) Tissues made up of Type B cells are placed in a container of concentrated salt solution
and left for one hour.
Describe THREE changes in the appearance of the cells after one hour in the concentrated
salt solution, and give an explanation to account for these changes.
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(4 marks)
(c) Tissues made up of Type A cells and Type B cells are placed in a container of distilled
water and left for one hour.
Describe how the appearance of Type A cells is expected to differ from that of Type B
cells and give an explanation for this difference.
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(4 marks)
Total 15 marks
(b) Name ONE type of light sensitive cell found in the retina.
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(1 mark)
(c) Explain why colours are seen less clearly in dim light than in bright light.
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(2 marks)
(d) A colour-blind woman mates with a man who has normal colour vision. Determine the
probability of this couple having a colour-blind daughter by completing the genetic diagram
below.
Total 15 marks
(b) State TWO characteristics that the respiratory surface used for gaseous exchange in human
beings has in common with the respiratory surface used in flowering plants. Explain how
EACH characteristic makes the respiratory surface suitable for gaseous exchange.
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(4 marks)
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(c)
Advertisements for electronic cigarettes promise to supply nicotine to the body without the
harmful effects of cigarette smoke. These cigarettes are promoted as a healthier alternative
to smoking regular cigarettes.
(i) Outline the effects of THREE named components of cigarette smoke, other than
nicotine, on the human body.
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(3 marks)
(ii) Outline TWO ways in which the use of nicotine in electronic cigarettes may be
harmful to the human body.
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(2 marks)
Total 15 marks
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5. (a) Name THREE components of human blood that are important in protecting the body
against pathogenic diseases and state the function of EACH.
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(6 marks)
(b) Marianne, a one- month-old baby acquires immunity from her mother through breastfeeding.
Marianne’s father accidently punctures his finger with a nail but does not need a tetanus
antiserum injection because he received a tetanus vaccine the previous year.
Explain how the type of immunity that Marianne acquired from breastfeeding differs from
the type of immunity that her father acquired from his vaccine. In your explanation, state
the name of EACH type of immunity.
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(5 marks)
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(c) The authorities prevent children who are not immunized from registering in public schools.
Suggest TWO reasons why some parents may have a valid concern about immunizing
their children and TWO reasons why the authorities maintain their position on preventing
the entry of unvaccinated children.
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(4 marks)
Total 15 marks
6. (a) Describe how the process of mitosis results in the production of identical cells in asexual
reproduction.
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(6 marks)
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(b) Plants that reproduce sexually have some advantages compared to those that reproduce only
asexually. Outline TWO advantages and THREE disadvantages of sexual reproduction.
Advantages
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Disadvantages
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(5 marks)
(c) (i) Scientists have successfully cloned animal species. Suggest TWO reasons why humans
may choose to clone animals.
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(2 marks)
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(2 marks)
Total 15 marks
END OF TEST
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01207020/F 2018
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