G3 Module 1 - Safety Protecting Yourself & Others
G3 Module 1 - Safety Protecting Yourself & Others
Learning Package
Module 1 – Safety:
Protecting Yourself & Others
Contents
Learning Outcomes: ....................................................................................................................... 3
Recognizing Hazardous Situations: ................................................................................................ 4
Eye Protection: ............................................................................................................................... 5
Body Protection: ............................................................................................................................ 6
Lifting and Material Handling: ....................................................................................................... 7
Respiratory Protection: .................................................................................................................. 8
Hearing Protection: ........................................................................................................................ 9
Ladder Safety: .............................................................................................................................. 10
Locking-Out of Equipment: .......................................................................................................... 11
Confined Space Entry: .................................................................................................................. 13
Fire Hazard Awareness ................................................................................................................ 16
Occupational Health & Safety Act: .............................................................................................. 19
Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System ................................................................. 21
Module One – Review Quiz ......................................................................................................... 23
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2
It is essential in our trade as Gas Technicians that we
Learning familiarize ourselves with potential safety hazards. We
Outcomes: must ensure that we are equipped with the necessary
tools, equipment, codes, and technical literature required
to do our job safely.
Identify personal and general safety equipment and understand its purpose.
Identify the purpose, methods, and equipment associated with locking-out mechanical
Occupational Health and Safety Act Regulation requirements associated with working
Identify your rights and responsibilities, as well as the rights and responsibilities of
your employer and others, as set out in health and safety legislation.
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Injuries are often caused because we do not follow
Recognizing
known safety precautions. Always take the time to get
Hazardous
the proper tool, wear the proper personal protective
Situations:
device, and follow known safety procedures. Your safety,
and the safety of others, depends on it.
Every employer is required to post a notice (Form 82) indicating the necessity for
employees to report accidents. It is your responsibility to report an accident or
injury, unsafe or unhealthy working conditions, should they occur.
Further Study - View Workplace Safety and Insurance Act - First Aid Requirements. Web site: www.wsib.on.ca
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Protect your eyesight. Flying debris from tool use, pipe
Eye threading, ventilation systems, and splashes of toxic or
Protection: corrosive chemicals are just a few potential hazards to
your eyesight. Do not risk serious eye injury. Select the
proper eyewear for the task you are undertaking.
Figure 1-4 Safety brow protection rim at the top. The lenses are made of safety glass or
Glasses
plastic and the frames are made of plastic or metal.
Note: The brilliant light given off by a welder's arc contains a high
proportion of ultra-violet radiation, which can damage your eyes, even
after momentary exposure. If welding is taking place in an area you are
Figure 1-5 Welding
Goggles working in, remember not to look at the spark. The welder should use
adequate screening to protect nearby workers.
Further Study - View Occupational Health and Safety Act References Relating to Eye
Protection: http://www.e-laws.gov.on.ca/
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Protect your body from musculoskeletal force,
extreme hot or cold temperatures, and repeated impacts.
Body Wear proper equipment to protect your hands, feet, head
Protection: and knees. Be aware of workplace physical hazards.
Gloves provide your hands with protection against sharp appliance edges, sheet metal,
gas piping edges, absorption of harmful substances, and hot surfaces.
Gloves should be chosen based on the type of material being handled,
the particular hazard involved, and the suitability of the gloves for the job
Figure 1-6 you are doing. One type of glove will not necessarily provide adequate
Protective Gloves
protection in all situations.
Kneepads protect your knees from stress and pressure and are ideal
Figure 1-7 Knee Pads
for jobs that require extended periods of kneeling on hard surfaces.
Wear appropriate, CSA approved safety footwear whenever you will
be exposed to the hazard of foot injury. A variety of approved safety
Figure 1-8 Work Boots
footwear is available with features such as protective steel toes, and
outsoles that are resistant to heat, oil, acid, punctures and accidental
Further Study - View Occupational Health and Safety Act references relating to Body Protection:
http://www.e-laws.gov.on.ca/
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Proper posture and body mechanics can help to
Lifting and protect your body, especially your back, from pain and
Material injury. Below are some guidelines on how to lift properly
Handling: to help protect your back from injury.
Figure 1-12
Follow the above tips when putting object down.
Keep object
close Get assistance when the load is too heavy.
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The proper mask or respirator will provide protection
Respiratory from numerous harmful dusts, mists, fumes, vapours and
Protection: other pollutants. They include disposable dust masks
(Figure 1-14), half-face respirator masks (Figure 1-15),
and full-face respirator masks (Figure 1-16).
The half and full-face respirators use interchangeable filter cartridges. *You must
ensure that you select the proper mask and/or filter cartridge for the particular hazard
you may be exposed to.
Manufacturers usually colour code respirator filters to match a particular hazard. The
filters on the North 5500 half face mask (Figure 1-15) are equipped with North
7580P100 filters, which are commonly used in
our trade for nuisance dusts, mists and fumes.
The filters are replaceable and this mask Figure 1-17
Colour coded respirator filters
generally provides a tighter fit than disposable
dust masks.
You should always use filters on the mask the filters were designed for. Do not
combine one manufacturer's mask with another manufacturer's filters.
Further Study - View Occupational Health and Safety Act references relating to Respiratory
Protection and Equipment: http://www.e-laws.gov.on.ca/.
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Hearing Do not risk permanent hearing loss. Select the
Protection: proper hearing protection for the task you are
undertaking.
Noise is measured in decibels (db). The louder the noise, the higher the decibel rating. A
normal conversation is approximately 60db whereas a circular power saw may reach 120
db.
Most experts say 85 db is the safe maximum noise level for human ears. Power tools,
mechanical equipment, or simply hammering on metal are noises that can exceed a
safe decibel level.
Earplugs offer good, inexpensive hearing protection. Foam earplugs
are rolled between the fingers to decrease their diameter, and then
inserted into the ear canal where the foam expands to conform to Figure 1-18 Foam
earplugs
the size of the ear canal.
Because earplugs are inserted directly into the ear, it is important to keep them clean
and replace them often. Earplugs are generally considered to be disposable.
Earmuffs protect your hearing from outside of the ear. They are more expensive than
earplugs but they last much longer. Earmuffs are easier to keep clean, and are less
likely to be misplaced. Most earmuffs have a fixed level of
noise blocking.
Further Study - View Occupational Health and Safety Act references relating to Hearing Protection
http://www.e-laws.gov.on.ca/ .
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Ladders are a useful and a necessary tool. Because
Ladder ladders are so commonplace, safety precautions are
Safety: often taken for granted. Falls from ladders can result in
serious injuries and death. Always inspect your ladder
before using it. Ensure all rungs and steps are dry and
free of dirt, oil, or other slip hazards.
Check that all locking devices are secure, nonskid feet at bottom of
ladder are in place, and that there are no structural defects.
Remember the 4 to 1 ladder positioning rule. For example, if you were Figure 1-20
Nonskid Feet
placing an extension ladder against a wall, the base of the ladder should
be 1 foot out from the wall for every 4 feet that the ladder extends up the wall.
Although the same rule would apply if you were placing the
ladder against a building, the top of the ladder should also
extend 3 feet above top of the roof.
Do not use broken ladders. Most ladders cannot be repaired
to manufacturer specifications and should be replaced if
broken.
Figure 1-22
Step Ladder
Further Study - View Occupational Health and Safety Act references relating to Ladder Safety
http://www.e-laws.gov.on.ca/
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Locking-Out The term “zero mechanical state” is used to describe a
of state where the mechanical potential energy of all
Equipment: portions of a piece of equipment or machinery is set to
ensure that a movement will not cause injury. Some
examples include: the opening of pipes, tubes, hoses, or
actuation of any valve, lever or button.
Do not risk injury by the accidental starting of equipment that you are working on.
You must ensure that machines and equipment are isolated from potentially
hazardous energy.
Whether it is steam, electrical, mechanical, hydraulic, or gas, you must lockout and
tag anytime unexpected start-up could cause personal
injury, fire, or equipment damage.
Simply switching off the electrical power or turning off a
valve to a piece of equipment you are working on is not
a positive means of ensuring the equipment will not be
accidentally reactivated.
Figure 1-23 Locked
The equipment we work on is often connected to many out Electrical
Disconnect Switch
energy sources. Whether you are working on a blower and Tag
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A lockout device including a padlock should be placed on the energy isolating
device of a piece of equipment, machinery or system such as gas valves, steam and
water valves, electrical disconnect switches and boxes. Figure 1-25 shows a gate
valve being locked out.
Figure 1- 26 shows a gas
valve being locked out.
Figure 1-26 Locked out Ball Valve on Natural Gas Supply Line
The placement of lockout devices is done to ensure that the equipment cannot be
operated until the lock out device is removed.
You should have your own locks that can only be removed by you at the
completion of the job. During lockouts by multiple personnel, the equipment,
machinery or system must remain secured until the last authorized
or affected person has completed his or her work and has removed
his or her lock.
Further Study - View Occupational Health and Safety Act references relating to Locking Out of Equipment:
http://www.e-laws.gov.on.ca/ .
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Confined A confined space is an area that is normally not
Space designated or intended for human occupancy. Confined
Entry: spaces usually have limited means of access and exit
with little or no natural ventilation.
Confined spaces generally have poor ventilation and could contain a hazardous
atmosphere or have the potential of containing a hazardous atmosphere.
Consequently, special precautions are required to ensure
your protection prior to entering and while working in a
confined space.
Boilers.
Ventilation ducts.
Tanks.
Pits.
Tunnels.
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There are many hazards associated with working in a confined space including:
flammable atmospheres
toxic atmospheres
engulfing dangers
drowning hazards
chemical hazards
Our work can often require us to enter and work within the confined space of boilers,
and tanks. A typical commercial boiler, for example, is connected to many potentially
hazardous energy sources such as: natural gas lines, oil lines, pressurized steam, and
hot water lines
Many boilers share venting with other boilers or hot water heaters. Additionally, there
is often more than one electrical source to consider.
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Imagine you are working inside a boiler that is connected to numerous potentially
hazardous energy sources. While inside the boiler, you want to feel confident that
all necessary safety precautions have been taken to ensure your safety.
You do not want to wonder whether or not someone might inadvertently turn on a
switch, starting the fuel burner, or if an unaware tradesperson will accidentally
open a steam or hot water line, or if toxic combustion gases from other boilers or
hot water tanks may be present in the boiler you are working in.
Do not take chances. Where your employer requires you to work in boilers, tanks,
pits, ventilation ducts, or any other confined space, you must be provided with
proper confined space entry training including lockout and atmospheric testing
procedures.
Where you will be exposed to a falling hazard in a confined space, or other area, a
lifeline and parachute harness is required. A suitable method of arresting a fall
must also be used in conjunction with the lifeline and harness.
Further Study - View Occupational Health and Safety Act References relating Confined Space Entry
http://www.e-laws.gov.on.ca/
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Oxygen, heat, and fuel are frequently referred to
as the "fire triangle". Take any of these three things
Fire Hazard away, and you will not have a fire, or the fire will be
Awareness: extinguished.
Essentially, fire extinguishers put out fire by taking away one or more elements of the
fire triangle.
Three things must be present at the same time in order to produce fire:
Fires are classified into four general categories depending on the type of material or
fuel involved. The type of fire determines the type of extinguisher that should be used
to extinguish it.
Class A fires involve materials such as wood, paper, and cloth which produce glowing
embers.
Class B fires involve flammable gases, liquids, and greases, including gasoline and most
hydrocarbon liquids which must be vaporized for combustion to occur.
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Extinguishers are selected according to the potential fire hazard, the construction and
occupancy of facilities, hazard to be protected, and other factors
pertinent to the situation. Different types of fire extinguishers
are designed to fight different classes of fire. There are four
Air-pressurized water (APW) extinguishers are large, silver extinguishers, which are
filled about two-thirds of the way with ordinary tap water, then pressurized with
normal air. APWs are designed for Class A (wood, paper, cloth) fires only.
Carbon Dioxide extinguishers are filled with nonflammable carbon dioxide gas under
extreme pressure and are designed for Class B and C fires only.
Dry Chemical Extinguishers come in a variety of types. You may see them labeled
"ABC" indicating that they are designed to extinguish class A, B, and C fires, or "BC"
indicating that they are designed to extinguish class B and C fires. Dry chemical
extinguishers put out fire by coating the fuel with a thin layer of dust, separating the
fuel from the oxygen in the air. The powder also works to interrupt the chemical
reaction of fire, so these extinguishers are extremely effective at putting out fire.
The Ontario Fire Code requires that portable extinguishers be inspected monthly and
tested yearly. Reliable extinguishers bear the approval label of a recognized testing
laboratory.
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It is easy to remember how to use a fire extinguisher if you can remember the acronym
PASS, which stands for Pull, Aim, Squeeze, and Sweep.
Pull the pin. This will allow you to discharge the extinguisher.
Aim at the base of the fire. If you aim at the flames (which is frequently the
temptation), the extinguishing agent will fly right through and do no good. You
want to hit the fuel.
Squeeze the top handle or lever. This depresses a button that releases the
pressurized extinguishing agent in the extinguisher.
Start using the extinguisher from a safe distance away, then move forward. Once
the fire is out, keep an eye on the area in case it reignites.
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The Occupational Health and Safety Act (OHSA) is
Occupational Law in Ontario. The purpose of the act is to protect
Health & workers from ill health, injury or death. It is
Safety Act: administered by the Ontario Ministry of Labour and is
applicable to almost all workers in Ontario. The
legislation and the books are divided into two distinct
sections, the Act and the Regulations.
The Act:
The Act is the enabling legislation for the regulations. Under the powers of the Act,
regulations can be altered, explained, and or additional regulations can be issued without
being passed through the Ontario Legislature. The Act contains the following information:
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The Regulations:
The Regulations are like "houses" built on the "foundation" of the Act. The regulations have
been written to cover 3 distinct work environments. They are:
Mining
Construction, and
Industrial Establishments
It is also important to note the definition of “Competent Person” as it is defined in the Act.
The term is used throughout the Act and Regulations, such as in the regulations involving
confined space entry, where it states that a confined space must be evaluated by a
“competent person”, or in the Act where it states that employers must appoint
“competent persons” as supervisors. “Competent person” has a very specific meaning and
to be competent a person must be:
qualified through knowledge, training and experience to organize the work and its
performance;
be familiar with the Act and the regulations that apply to the work being performed in
the workplace;
know about any actual or potential danger to health and safety in the workplace.
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Workplace The Workplace Hazardous Materials Information
Hazardous System (WHMIS), is a comprehensive plan for providing
Materials information on the safe use of hazardous materials in the
Information workplace. As an employee, you are informed by means
System
of product labels, Safety Data Sheets (SDS) and education
programs.
Respiratory Bio- Corrosive Acute toxicity Compressed Flammable Oxidizing Severe, Self-
or skin hazardous Materials Oral, Dermal, Gas Material Material and reactive
sensitization Infectious Inhalation acute substances
toxicity
Your employer is required to provide training whenever you could be exposed to hazardous
products in your workplace. Employers must make sure products are properly labeled and that
Safety Data Sheets (SDS) is readily available for each product. Both you and product suppliers
have specified responsibilities under the Hazardous Products Act.
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“WHMIS is implemented by complementary federal, provincial and territorial legislation
and regulations. The main purpose of the federal WHMIS legislation is to require suppliers
of hazardous products intended for use, handling or storage in a workplace to classify
those products and provide health and safety information about them to their customers.”
“The main purpose of the provincial and territorial WHMIS legislation is to require
employers to obtain health and safety information about hazardous products from their
suppliers, and to use that information to train their workers. In addition, confidential
business information is protected under WHMIS” - © Queen’s Printer for Ontario, 2021
The WHMIS legislation - https://www.ontario.ca/document/workplace-hazardous-
materials-information-system-guide-legislation/whmis-legislation
Under WHMIS 2015, there are key changes to the federal legislation:
“Controlled Products are now called Hazardous Products. New rules and criteria for
classifying hazardous chemicals improve the supplier's ability to indicate the severity of
hazards. There are different hazard classes/categories and more of them. Supplier label
requirements include new pictograms for hazard classes and prescribed hazard statements
and signal words.”
“Safety data sheets have a new, standardized 16-section format with prescribed
information elements. Safety data sheets are required to be updated on an ongoing basis,
as new information about a product becomes available. There is no longer a requirement
to update a safety data sheet every three years. - © Queen’s Printer for Ontario, 2021”
The WHMIS legislation - https://www.ontario.ca/document/workplace-hazardous-
materials-information-system-guide-legislation/whmis-legislation
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The following is a SDS example (First 2 pages) of aSDS for a commonly use gas pipe sealant (Masters Pro-Dope)
Masters Pro-Dope
Oatey
Version No: 1.5 Issue Date: 12/16/2020
Safety Data Sheet according to WHMIS 2015 requirements Print Date: 12/16/2020
S.GHS.CAN.EN
SECTION 1 Identification
Product Identifier
Product name Masters Pro-Dope
Synonyms Not Available
Proper shipping name SOLIDS CONTAINING FLAMMABLE LIQUID, N.O.S. Isopropanol
Other means of
PD250BT, PD500BT, PD1L, PD 20L
identification
Name, address, and telephone number of the chemical manufacturer, importer, or other responsible party
Registered company name Oatey
Address 620 Steven Court, New Market, ON L3Y 622 Canada
Telephone 905-898-2557
Fax Not Available
Website Not Available
Email info@oatey.com
Label elements
Hazard pictogram(s)
Hazard statement(s)
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Version No: 1.5 Page 2 of 16 Issue Date: 12/16/2020
Print Date: 12/16/2020
Masters Pro-Dope
Substances
See section below for composition of Mixtures
Mixtures
CAS No %[weight] Name
14807-96-6* 34 Talc
1332-58-7* 20 Kaolin
13463-67-7* 4.6 Titanium dioxide
13983-17-0* 4.4 Calcium silicate
9002-84-0 1 polytetrafluoroethylene
9004-34-6* 0.7 cellulose
14808-60-7* <2 silica crystalline - quartz
5131-66-8 10 propylene glycol monobutyl ether - alpha isomer
67-63-0 7
For use with Instructor facilitated isopropanol
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24 Continued...