Percentages PDF

Percentages
RUGBY HIGH SCHOOL - MATEHMATICS DEPARTMENT

How much of this table can you fill in?
Fractions Decimals Percentages

31/100
0.38
35%
0.2
17/25
90%
13/40
0.125
49/60
2/3

How much of this table can you fill in?
Fractions Decimals Percentages

31/100 0.31 31%
19/50 0.38 38%
7/20 0.35 35%
1/5 0.2 20%
17/25 0.68 68%

9/10 0.9 90%
13/40 0.325 32.5%

1/8 0.125 12.5%
49/60 0.816 · ·
81.6%
2/3 0.6· ·
66.6%

Expressing One Number as a
Percentage of Another
LO: To express one number as a percentage of another

Example 1
There are 35 sweets in a bag.

Four of the sweets are orange flavour.
What percentage of sweets are orange flavour?
Example 2
Petra put £32 into a bank account.

After one year she received 80p interest.
What percentage interest rate did she receive?

Example 3
A 250 ml glass of fruit drink contains 30 ml of pure orange juice.

What proportion of the drink is pure orange juice?

Exercise A 6. School A has 131 Y9 students. 22 cycle regularly
to school.
1. For these pairs of numbers, find the smaller School B has 86 Y9 students. 14 regularly cycle
number as a percentage of the larger one. to school.
You should be able to do all of these without a Which school has a higher proportion of Y9s who
calculator. cycle to school?
(a) 16 and 20 (b) 7 and 25 You must show working to support your answer.
(c) 6 and 50 (d) 20 and 40 7. The table shows the number of students in Y10
(e) 17 and 34 & 11 in a school.
2. Use a written method to find
(a) 12 as a percentage of 20
(b) 36 as a percentage of 75
(c) 24 as a percentage of 40
(d) 120 as a percentage of 80 (a) What percentage of the students in Year 10
were girls?
3. Use a calculator to find (b) Work out the percentage of all the students in
(a) 19 as a percentage of 37 the school who are girls.
(b) 42 as a percentage of 147
40% of the students in Year 10 and 70% of the
(c) 8 as a percentage of 209
students in Year 11 went to an end of term disco.
(d) 200 as a percentage of 80
(c) Work out the percentage of all students in
Year 10 and Year 11 who went to the disco.
4. Jason scored 53 out of 60 in a science test, and
39 out of 45 in a maths test. 8. 27 members of a tennis club are female. If there
In which test did Jason do better? are 45 members in total, what percentage are
male?
5. Liam went to school with £2.50. He spent 80p. 9. Last November it rained on 14 days. What
What percentage of his money did he spend? percentage of days did it rain on?

Exercise A 6. School A has 131 Y9 students. 22 cycle regularly
to school. 22 ÷ 131 x 100 = 16.79…%
1. For these pairs of numbers, find the smaller School B has 86 Y9 students. 14 regularly cycle
number as a percentage of the larger one. to school. 14 ÷ 86 x 100 = 16.27…%
You should be able to do all of these without a Which school has a higher proportion of Y9s who
calculator. cycle to school? School A
(a) 16 and 20 80% (b) 7 and 25 28% You must show working to support your answer.
(c) 6 and 50 12% (d) 20 and 40 50% 7. The table shows the number of students in Y10
(e) 17 and 34 50% & 11 in a school.
2. Use a written method to find
(a) 12 as a percentage of 20 60%
(b) 36 as a percentage of 75 48%
(c) 24 as a percentage of 40 60%
(d) 120 as a percentage of 80 150% (a) What percentage of the students in Year 10
were girls? 45%
3. Use a calculator to find (b) Work out the percentage of all the students in
(a) 19 as a percentage of 37 51.4% the school who are girls. 45%
(b) 42 as a percentage of 147 28.6%
40% of the students in Year 10 and 70% of the
(c) 8 as a percentage of 209 3.83%
students in Year 11 went to an end of term disco.
(d) 200 as a percentage of 80 250%
(c) Work out the percentage of all students in
Year 10 and Year 11 who went to the disco. 54 %
4. Jason scored 53 out of 60 in a science test, and
39 out of 45 in a maths test. 8. 27 members of a tennis club are female. If there
In which test did Jason do better? are 45 members in total, what percentage are
Science (88.3% v 86.7%) male? 40 %
5. Liam went to school with £2.50. He spent 80p. 9. Last November it rained on 14 days. What
What percentage of his money did he spend? 32% percentage of days did it rain on? 46.7 % (3sf)

Percentage Error
error
Percentage error = × 100
actual value
Example
John measured the length of a piece of wood to be 46 cm. The actual length was 49 cm.
What was the % error in John’s measurement?

Exercise B
1. A man’s salary is estimated to be £20000. 8. A speed of 60 km/h is taken to be roughly 18 m/s.

His actual salary is £21540. Find the percentage error.
Find the percentage error. 19
9. The fraction gives an approximate value for 3.
11
2. The speedometer of a car showed a speed of 68 19
Calculate the percentage error in using as the
mph. The actual speed was 71 mph. 11
Find the percentage error. value of 3. Give your answer to 2 s.f.
3. The rainfall during a storm was estimated at 3.5
cm. The exact value was 3.1 cm.
Find the percentage error.
4. The dimensions of a rectangle were taken to be
80 x 30. The exact dimensions were 81.5 x 29.5.
Find the percentage error in the area.
5. The answer to the calculation 3.91 x 21.8 is
estimated to be 80. Find the percentage error.
22
6. An approximate value for 𝜋 is . A more
7
accurate value is given on most calculators.
Find the percentage error.
7. A wheel has a diameter of 59.2 cm. Its
circumference is estimated at 180 cm.
Find the percentage error in the calculation of the
circumference.

Exercise B
1. A man’s salary is estimated to be £20000. 8. A speed of 60 km/h is taken to be roughly 18 m/s.

His actual salary is £21540. Find the percentage error. 8%
Find the percentage error. 7.149…% 19
9. The fraction gives an approximate value for 3.
11
2. The speedometer of a car showed a speed of 68 19
Calculate the percentage error in using as the
mph. The actual speed was 71 mph. 11
Find the percentage error. 4.225…% value of 3. Give your answer to 2 s.f. 0.28%
3. The rainfall during a storm was estimated at 3.5
cm. The exact value was 3.1 cm.
Find the percentage error. 12.903…%
4. The dimensions of a rectangle were taken to be
80 x 30. The exact dimensions were 81.5 x 29.5.
Find the percentage error in the area. 0.1767…%
5. The answer to the calculation 3.91 x 21.8 is
6.1%
estimated to be 80. Find the percentage error.
22
6. An approximate value for 𝜋 is . A more
7
accurate value is given on most calculators.
Find the percentage error. 0.040%
7. A wheel has a diameter of 59.2 cm. Its
circumference is estimated at 180 cm.
Find the percentage error in the calculation of the
circumference. 3.2156…%

The scatter graph shows some information about a random sample of ten male players in a
basketball club.
For each player it shows his height and his weight.
Some of the players have a weight

greater than 99kg.
Estimate the proportion of these players

who have a height less than 200 cm.

Starter
ABCD is a rectangle.
EFGH is a trapezium.
All measurements are in centimetres.

The perimeters of these two shapes are the same.
Work out the area of the rectangle.
Here is a right–angled triangle.
Four of these triangles are joined to enclose the square

ABCD as shown.
Show that the area of the square ABCD is x2 + y2

Starter
ABCD is a rectangle.
EFGH is a trapezium.
All measurements are in centimetres.

The perimeters of these two shapes are the same.
Work out the area of the rectangle.
Here is a right–angled triangle.
Four of these triangles are joined to enclose the square

ABCD as shown.
Show that the area of the square ABCD is x2 + y2

Percentage
Change
LO: To calculate the percentage change between two
amounts.

Sometimes, we are given an original value and a new value and we are asked to find the
percentage increase or decrease.
We can do this using the following formula:
actual change
Percentage change = × 100
original amount

Example 2
Example 1 T-shirts are reduced in price from £25 to £17.
What is the percentage decrease in price?
A baby weighs 3.5 kg at birth. After 6 weeks
the baby’s weight has increased to 4.2 kg.
What is the percentage increase in the

baby’s weight?

Exercise C
6. Bytes is a shop that sells computers.
1. During the first 4 weeks of her life, a In 2017, Bytes sold 620 computers.
baby girl increases her weight from 3.2 In 2018, Bytes sold 708 computers.
kg to 4.7 kg. What percentage increase Work out the percentage increase in the
does this represent? number of computers sold.
2. Amanda’s antique vase increases in 7. A rectangular picture measures 10 cm by
value from £600 to £720. Calculate the 20 cm. The measurements of the picture
percentage increase in value. are increased by 20%. Calculate the
percentage increase in the area of the
3. In order to increase the chance of a sale,
picture.
the price of a country estate is reduced
from £30 000 000 to £28 400 000. What 8. Given that 𝐺 = 𝑎𝑏, find the percentage
percentage reduction is this? increase in 𝐺 when both 𝑎 and 𝑏
increase by 10%.
4. A mobile phone contract changed from
£80 per year to £8 per month. What is
9. If an employer reduces the working week
the percentage increase in the yearly
from 40 hours to 35 hours, with no loss
cost?
of pay, calculate the percentage increase
5. Over a year the cost of a litre of petrol in the hourly rate of pay.
increases from 116.9p per litre to 121.9p
10. A car costs £12600 brand new. Its value
per litre. Work out the percentage
when second hand is £10584. What is
increase in cost of a litre of petrol.
the percentage reduction in value?

Exercise C
6. Bytes is a shop that sells computers.
1. During the first 4 weeks of her life, a In 2017, Bytes sold 620 computers.
baby girl increases her weight from 3.2 In 2018, Bytes sold 708 computers.
kg to 4.7 kg. What percentage increase Work out the percentage increase in the
does this represent? 46.875% number of computers sold. 14.2%
2. Amanda’s antique vase increases in 7. A rectangular picture measures 10 cm by
value from £600 to £720. Calculate the 20 cm. The measurements of the picture
percentage increase in value. 20% are increased by 20%. Calculate the
percentage increase in the area of the
3. In order to increase the chance of a sale, 44%
picture.
the price of a country estate is reduced
from £30 000 000 to £28 400 000. What 8. Given that 𝐺 = 𝑎𝑏, find the percentage
percentage reduction is this? 5.33% increase in 𝐺 when both 𝑎 and 𝑏
increase by 10%. 21%
4. A mobile phone contract changed from
£80 per year to £8 per month. What is
9. If an employer reduces the working week
the percentage increase in the yearly
from 40 hours to 35 hours, with no loss
cost? 20%
of pay, calculate the percentage increase
5. Over a year the cost of a litre of petrol in the hourly rate of pay. 14.3%
increases from 116.9p per litre to 121.9p
10. A car costs £12600 brand new. Its value
per litre. Work out the percentage
when second hand is £10584. What is
increase in cost of a litre of petrol. 4.28%
the percentage reduction in value? 16%

Example 3
A shopkeeper buys chocolate bars wholesale at a price of 32p per bar. She
then sells the chocolate bar in her shop at 50p each.
What is her percentage profit?
Example 4
A share dealer buys a number of shares at £3.68 each.

After a week the price of the shares has dropped to £3.22.
What is her percentage loss?

Exercise D
6. Guy spends £11.40 buying ingredients to make
1. A car dealer buys a car for £5000, gives it a cupcakes. He sold all the cakes for a total of
clean and sells it for £6400. £39.90.
What is the percentage profit? What percentage profit did Guy make?
2. Inder invests £3200. When her investment 7. A car costs £9750 when new. 5 years later it is
matures, she receives £3328. Work out her sold for £4500. What is the average
percentage increase in her investment. percentage loss each year?
3. Jana bought a jacket for £45. Six months later, 8. Jake buys a comic for £4.50. In 10 years it
she sold it for £34.65. becomes a collectors item. He sells the comic
What was her percentage loss? for £140. Calculate his percentage profit.
4. Nathan makes fudge and sells it at a Christmas

fayre. He spends £2.14 on ingredients. Nathan
sells all the fudge and has £9.63 in the cash box
at the end of the fayre. What percentage profit
does Nathan make on the fudge?
5. In 2017, Croftshire County Council raised £18.64

million in council tax. In 2007, they raised £17.18
million. What was the percentage increase over
the decade?

Exercise D
6. Guy spends £11.40 buying ingredients to make
1. A car dealer buys a car for £5000, gives it a cupcakes. He sold all the cakes for a total of
clean and sells it for £6400. £39.90.
What is the percentage profit? 28% What percentage profit did Guy make? 250%
2. Inder invests £3200. When her investment 7. A car costs £9750 when new. 5 years later it is
matures, she receives £3328. Work out her sold for £4500. What is the average
percentage increase in her investment. 4% percentage loss each year? 10.769…%
3. Jana bought a jacket for £45. Six months later, 8. Jake buys a comic for £4.50. In 10 years it
she sold it for £34.65. becomes a collectors item. He sells the comic
What was her percentage loss? 23% for £140. Calculate his percentage profit.
3011.11…%
4. Nathan makes fudge and sells it at a Christmas
fayre. He spends £2.14 on ingredients. Nathan
sells all the fudge and has £9.63 in the cash box
at the end of the fayre. What percentage profit
does Nathan make on the fudge? 350%
5. In 2017, Croftshire County Council raised £18.64

million in council tax. In 2007, they raised £17.18
million. What was the percentage increase over
the decade? 8.50%

Exam Style Question
2. Libby buys 8 kg of chocolates to sell.
1. Last year Jo paid £245 for her car She pays £15 for the chocolates.
insurance. Libby puts all the chocolates into bags.
This year she has to pay £883 for her car She puts 250 g of chocolates into each
insurance. bag.
Work out the percentage increase in the She sell each bag for 70p.
cost of her car insurance. Libby sells all the bags of chocolates.
Work out her percentage profit.

Exam Style Question
2. Libby buys 8 kg of chocolates to sell.
1. Last year Jo paid £245 for her car She pays £15 for the chocolates.
insurance. Libby puts all the chocolates into bags.
This year she has to pay £883 for her car She puts 250 g of chocolates into each
insurance. bag.
Work out the percentage increase in the She sell each bag for 70p.
cost of her car insurance. Libby sells all the bags of chocolates.
260.4% Work out her percentage profit. 49.3%

Starter
Complete this table without a calculator!
10% 50% 25% 15%

£16
£22
£70
£5.40
£25.80
£80.40

Starter
Complete this table without a calculator!
10% 50% 25% 15%

£16
£16 £ 1.60 £8 £4 £ 2.40
£22
£22 £ 2.20 £ 11 £ 5.50 £ 3.30
£70
£70 £7 £ 35 £ 17.50 £ 10.50
£5.40
£5.40 £ 0.54 £ 2.70 £ 1.35 £ 0.81
£25.80
£25.80 £ 2.58 £ 12.90 £ 6.45 £3.87
£80.40
£80.40 £ 8.04 £ 40.20 £ 20.10 £ 12.06

Percentages of
Amounts
LO: To calculate percentages of amounts using
calculator and non -calculator techniques.

We can find many percentages using mental methods.
To find 50% of an amount, divide the amount by 2.

To find 20% of an amount, find 10% and double it (or divide the amount by 5).
etc.

Exercise E
Complete the diagram by finding the missing values.

Exercise E
Complete the diagram by finding the missing values.
£13.75
£27.50 £5.50
£52.25 £2.75
£33 £8.25
£11

Using a calculator Exercise F
To find a percentage of an amount, divide the (a) Find 8% of £11.64

amount by 100 and multiply by the
(b) Find 68% of 54.45 m
percentage.
(c) Find 6.3% of 12.5 cm
Example (d) Find 8.2% of £19.50
(e) Find 12% of £24.50
Find 17% of £37.45.
(f) Find 87% of 15.40 kg
(g) Find 19% of 119.5 litres
(h) Find 73% of £1264
(i) Find 52% of 19.6 km
(j) Find 33% of £190250

Using a calculator Exercise F
To find a percentage of an amount, divide the (a) Find 8% of £11.64 £0.9312

amount by 100 and multiply by the
(b) Find 68% of 54.45 m 37.026 m
percentage.
(c) Find 6.3% of 12.5 cm 0.7875 cm
Example (d) Find 8.2% of £19.50 £1.599
(e) Find 12% of £24.50 £2.94
Find 17% of £37.45.
(f) Find 87% of 15.40 kg 13.398 kg
(g) Find 19% of 119.5 litres 22.705 litres
(h) Find 73% of £1264 £922.72
(i) Find 52% of 19.6 km 10.192 km
(j) Find 33% of £190250 £62782.50

Exercise G
2. Bhavin buys a car in a sale.
1. Complete each diagram by finding the missing
Before the sale, the cost of the car was £6720
values.
In the sale, the cost of every car is reduced by
20%.
Bhavin pays a deposit of £1500

He will pay the rest of the cost in 24 equal
monthly payments.
Work out the amount of each monthly payment.

You must show all your working.
3. Petra booked a family holiday.

The total cost of the holiday was £3500 plus
VAT at 20%.
Petra paid £900 of the total cost when she

booked the holiday.
She paid the rest of the total cost in 6 equal
monthly payments.

Exercise G
2. Bhavin buys a car in a sale.
1. Complete each diagram by finding the missing
Before the sale, the cost of the car was £6720
values.
In the sale, the cost of every car is reduced by
£7.38 £70.52 £10.66 20%.
£161.50
Bhavin pays a deposit of £1500
He will pay the rest of the cost in 24 equal
£11.48 £76.26 monthly payments.

£33.62 £47.56
£75.44
3. Petra booked a family holiday.

£36.66 £53.04 The total cost of the holiday was £3500 plus
VAT at 20%.
Petra paid £900 of the total cost when she

£10.14 booked the holiday.
She paid the rest of the total cost in 6 equal
monthly payments. £550
£21.06 Work out the amount of each monthly payment.
£40.56

40% of the members of a film club are over the age of 60.
One quarter of the members aged less than 60 are females.
There are 63 members who are male and less than 60.
How many members are there in the club.
Marketing want to introduce a 200g pot of mango yogurt with 8%

mango pieces.
The mango is to be included in a fruit sauce which is 20% of the
contents.
What percentage of mango should there be in the sauce?

40% of the members of a film club are over the age of 60.
One quarter of the members aged less than 60 are females.
There are 63 members who are male and less than 60.
How many members are there in the club.
Marketing want to introduce a 200g pot of mango yogurt with 8%

mango pieces.
The mango is to be included in a fruit sauce which is 20% of the
contents.
What percentage of mango should there be in the sauce?
8% of 200 = 16g
20% of 200 = 40g
So, 16/40 g should be mango
40%

Starter
Jenny uses her mother’s recipe to make cheese scones.

Her recipe uses a mixture of self-raising flour, butter and cheese in the ratio 6 : 2 : 1 by
weight.
In her kitchen, Jenny has

2 kg of self-raising flour
500 g of butter
200 g of cheese
When Jenny makes cheese scones each scone weighs about 45 g.
Work out the largest number of cheese scones that Jenny can make.

Increasing & Decreasing by
a Percentage
LO: To increase or decrease an amount by a given
percentage.

Example 2
Example 1 A Blu-ray player originally costing £130 is

reduced by 26% in a sale.
The value of Frank’s house has gone up by What is the sale price?
23% in three years. If the house was worth
£150 000 three years ago, how much is it
worth now?

Exercise H
1. Increase each amount by the given percentage.

(a) 670 cm by 23% (b) £28 by 8% (c) 130 g by 95%
2. Decrease each amount by the given percentage.
(a) 96 g by 13% (b) 480 cm by 25% (c) £65 by 42%
3. A large factory employed 640 people. It reduced the number of workers by 30%.
How many workers remain?
4. Kerry wants to buy a sweatshirt (£19), a tracksuit (£26) and some running shoes (£56). If she
joins the store’s premium club, which cost £25, she can get 20% off the cost of the goods.
Should she join or not? Give calculations to support your answer.
5. Kevin is on a salary of £27500. He is offered a pay rise of 7% or an extra £150 per month.
Which should he accept? Give calculations to support your answer.
6. A cereal packet normally contains 300g and cost £1.40.
There are two special offers.
Offer A: 20% more for the same price
Offer B: Same amount for 20% off the normal price
Which is the better offer? Justify your choice.
7. Bookworms increases its prices by 5%, and then increased them by 3%. Books Galore increased its
prices by 3%, and then increased them by 5%.
Which shops prices increased by a greater percentage? Justify your choice.
8. Shop A increased its prices by 4% and then by another 4%. Shop B increased its prices by 8%.
Which shop’s prices increased by the greater percentage? Give reasons for your answer.
9. A tablet costs £250 at the start of 2015. At the start of 2016 the price was increased by 5%. At
the start of 2017 the price was decreased by 10%. What did the tablet cost at the start of 2017?
10. A circle has radius of 8cm. Its area increases by 60%.
By what percentage does the radius increase?
Exercise H
1. Increase each amount by the given percentage.

(a) 670 cm by 23% (b) £28 by 8% (c) 130 g by 95%
670x1.23=824.1 cm 28x1.08=£30.24 130x1.95=253.5 g
2. Decrease each amount by the given percentage.
(a) 96 g by 13% (b) 480 cm by 25% (c) £65 by 42%
96x0.87=83.52 480x0.75=360 cm 65x0.58=£37.70
3. A large factory employed 640 people. It reduced the number of workers by 30%.
How many workers remain? 640x0.7=448
4. Kerry wants to buy a sweatshirt (£19), a tracksuit (£26) and some running shoes (£56). If she
joins the store’s premium club, which cost £25, she can get 20% off the cost of the goods.
Should she join or not? Give calculations to support your answer. Shouldn’t join. (£101 vs £105.80)
5. Kevin is on a salary of £27500. He is offered a pay rise of 7% or an extra £150 per month.
Which should he accept? Give calculations to support your answer. 7% is £160.42 per month, so better.
6. A cereal packet normally contains 300g and cost £1.40.
There are two special offers.
Offer A: 20% more for the same price A: 257g/£
Offer B: Same amount for 20% off the normal price B: 268g/£ so B.
Which is the better offer? Justify your choice.
7. Bookworms increases its prices by 5%, and then increased them by 3%. Books Galore increased its
prices by 3%, and then increased them by 5%. same
Which shops prices increased by a greater percentage? Justify your choice.
8. Shop A increased its prices by 4% and then by another 4%. Shop B increased its prices by 8%.
Which shop’s prices increased by the greater percentage? Give reasons for your answer. A 8.16%
9. A tablet costs £250 at the start of 2015. At the start of 2016 the price was increased by 5%. At
the start of 2017 the price was decreased by 10%. What did the tablet cost at the start of 2017? £236.25
10. A circle has radius of 8cm. Its area increases by 60%.
By what percentage does the radius increase? 26.5%
Exam Style Question
Jack buys 50 pens for 65p each.

He sells 80% of the pens, making a 20% profit on each.
To sell the remainder of the pens, he is forced to reduce his price, making a loss of 9p
on each.
Assuming he sells all of his pens, calculate his total profit.

Discuss …
1. Alan says, ‘The cost of computer chips increased by 120% last year’. Billy says, ‘That’s
not possible. They couldn’t have gone up by more than 100%’.
Explain why Billy is wrong.
2. Carina says, ‘The cost of computer memory fell by 120% last year’. Deni says, ‘That’s
not possible. Prices couldn’t have fallen more than 100%’.
Explain why Deni is correct.

Decimal
Multipliers
LO: To use decimal multipliers for percentage
increases and decreases

100 + 𝑟
To increase something by 𝑟%, multiply it by Exercise I
100
100 − 𝑟 1. Write the decimal multiplier for

To decrease something by 𝑟%, multiply it by these percentage increases.
100
Example 1 (a) 30% (b) 32%

(c) 33.5 % (d) 6%
Write down the decimal multipliers for:
(a) a 17% increase (b) a 7.2% increase (e) 112% (f) 220%
2. Write the decimal multipliers

for these percentage decreases.
(c) a 23% decrease (d) a 3.7% decrease
(a) 5% (b) 36%
(c) 73% (d) 8.4%
(e) 11.9% (f) 82.7%

100 + 𝑟
To increase something by 𝑟%, multiply it by Exercise I
100
100 − 𝑟 1. Write the decimal multiplier for

To decrease something by 𝑟%, multiply it by these percentage increases.
100
Example 1 1.3 1.32

(a) 30% (b) 32%
(c) 33.5 % 1.335 (d) 6% 1.06
Write down the decimal multipliers for:
(a) a 17% increase (b) a 7.2% increase (e) 112% (f) 220%
2.12 3.2
2. Write the decimal multipliers

for these percentage decreases.
(c) a 23% decrease (d) a 3.7% decrease 0.95 0.64
(a) 5% (b) 36%
(c) 73% 0.27 (d) 8.4% 0.916
(e) 11.9% 0.881 (f) 82.7% 0.173

50% increase Match up these percentage 0.95
changes with their multipliers
75% decrease 1.75
25% increase 0.25
9% decrease 0.91
5% increase 1.05
95% decrease 1.09
75% increase 1.25
50% decrease 0.05
5% decrease 0.5
9% increase 1.5
50% increase Match up these percentage 0.95
changes with their multipliers
75% decrease 1.75
25% increase 0.25
9% decrease 0.91
5% increase 1.05
95% decrease 1.09
75% increase 1.25
50% decrease 0.05
5% decrease 0.5
9% increase 1.5
Exercise J
Example 2
1. The price of petrol is increased by 15%.
The prices in a shop are increased by 10% (a) Write the decimal multiplier equivalent to a 15%
and then 5%. increase.
(a) Write down the single decimal multiplier This new price is then increased by a further 15%.
for these percentage changes. (b) Work out the decimal equivalent you would use
(b) By what overall percentage have the to find, in one step, the result of the two
successive 15% increases.
prices increased by?
(c) By what overall percentage have the prices
increased by?
2. Find the single decimal equivalent for these

percentage changes.
(a) A 5% increase, followed by a 6% increase.
(b) An 8% increase, followed by a 10% decrease.
(c) A 22% decrease, followed by a 30% increase.
3. Here are three rectangles.
The area of B is 10% greater than the area of

rectangle A.
the area of rectangle C is 10% greater than the
area of rectangle B.
By what percentage is the area of rectangle C
greater than the area of rectangle A?

Exercise J
Example 2
1. The price of petrol is increased by 15%.
The prices in a shop are increased by 10% (a) Write the decimal multiplier equivalent to a 15%
and then 5%. increase. 1.15
(a) Write down the single decimal multiplier This new price is then increased by a further 15%.
for these percentage changes. (b) Work out the decimal equivalent you would use
(b) By what overall percentage have the to find, in one step, the result of the two
successive 15% increases. 1.3225
prices increased by?
(c) By what overall percentage have the prices
increased by? 32.25%
2. Find the single decimal equivalent for these

percentage changes.
(a) A 5% increase, followed by a 6% increase.1.113
(b) An 8% increase, followed by a 10% decrease. 0.972
(c) A 22% decrease, followed by a 30% increase.
1.014
3. Here are three rectangles.
The area of B is 10% greater than the area of

rectangle A.
the area of rectangle C is 10% greater than the
area of rectangle B. 21%
By what percentage is the area of rectangle C
greater than the area of rectangle A?

Exercise K
5. In 2000 the population of a town was 4800.
1. (a) Show that applying a 20% increase followed 30% of the population of the town owned a
by a 20% decrease is the same as a 4% mobile phone. In 2015 the number of people in
decrease overall. the town had increased by 20%. 70% of the
(b) Will the result be different if you apply the population now owned a mobile phone.
decrease first and then the increase? By what percentage has the number of people
owning a mobile phone increased?
2. In a sale, a supermarket took 20% off its normal
prices. On Fun Friday, it took 30% off its sale 6. In the first quarter of the year a company’s sales
prices. were £12 million. In each of the next three
Fred says, “That means there was 50% off the quarters, sales were 10% higher than the
normal prices”. previous quarter. 28% of the company’s sales
Fred is wrong. Explain why. are profit. At the end of the year 30% of the
company profits are given to the employees as
3. Three quantities are 𝑥, 𝑦 and 𝑧. 𝑥 is 60% of 𝑦. 𝑦 is a bonus. How much was given to the employees
75% of 𝑧. as a bonus?
What percentage is 𝑥 of 𝑧? Give your answer to 2 significant figures.
4. Three quantities are 𝑥, 𝑦 and 𝑧. 𝑥 is 75% of 𝑦. 𝑥 is
60% of 𝑧. What percentage is 𝑦 of 𝑧?

Exercise K
5. In 2000 the population of a town was 4800.
1. (a) Show that applying a 20% increase followed 30% of the population of the town owned a
by a 20% decrease is the same as a 4% mobile phone. In 2015 the number of people in
decrease overall. 1.2 x 0.8 = 0.96 the town had increased by 20%. 70% of the
(b) Will the result be different if you apply the population now owned a mobile phone.
decrease first and then the increase? No By what percentage has the number of people
owning a mobile phone increased?
2. In a sale, a supermarket took 20% off its normal 180%
prices. On Fun Friday, it took 30% off its sale 6. In the first quarter of the year a company’s sales
prices. were £12 million. In each of the next three
Fred says, “That means there was 50% off the quarters, sales were 10% higher than the
normal prices”. previous quarter. 28% of the company’s sales
Fred is wrong. Explain why. 0.8 x 0.7 = 0.56
are profit. At the end of the year 30% of the
so 44% off
company profits are given to the employees as
3. Three quantities are 𝑥, 𝑦 and 𝑧. 𝑥 is 60% of 𝑦. 𝑦 is a bonus. How much was given to the employees
75% of 𝑧. as a bonus?
What percentage is 𝑥 of 𝑧? 45%
Give your answer to 2 significant figures.
4. Three quantities are 𝑥, 𝑦 and 𝑧. 𝑥 is 75% of 𝑦. 𝑥 is £4700000 (£4678128)
60% of 𝑧. What percentage is 𝑦 of 𝑧?
80%

In the triangular prism below, the base and vertical height of the triangular face are 𝑥 cm and
the length of the prism is 𝑦 cm.
(a) Work out the percentage increase in the area of the

triangular face when 𝑥 is increased by 15%.
𝑥 cm
𝑦 cm
𝑥 cm
(b) Calculate the percentage decrease in 𝑦 that is required to keep the volume of the prism
unchanged when 𝑥 is increased by 15%. Give your answer to 1 dp.

In the triangular prism below, the base and vertical height of the triangular face are 𝑥 cm and
the length of the prism is 𝑦 cm.
(a) Work out the percentage increase in the area of the

triangular face when 𝑥 is increased by 15%.
𝑥 cm 1.15 x 1.15 = 1.3225 = 32.25% increase

𝑦 cm
𝑥 cm
(b) Calculate the percentage decrease in 𝑦 that is required to keep the volume of the prism
unchanged when 𝑥 is increased by 15%. Give your answer to 1 dp.
Let p be the multiplier for the length of 𝑦.

1.15 x 1.15 x p = 1
p = 1 ÷ (1.15 x 1.15)
p = 0.75614 …
100 – 75.6… = 24.4% decrease

Starter:

Reverse
Percentages
LO: To calculate the original amount after a
percentage change.

Example 1 Example 2
A shop has a 15% off sale. A pair of jeans A restaurant sells a bottle of wine for £25.50,
costs £25.50 in the sale. making a profit of 38%.
What was the original price of the jeans? How much did the restaurant pay for the
wine?

6. (b) Instead, he offers to take an immediate cut
Exercise L of 14% and have his pay frozen at that level for
two years. Has he made the correct decision?
1. After an 8% pay rise Mrs Down’s salary was
£15714. 7. In a special offer on yoghurt a carton of
What was her salary before the increase? yoghurt has 30% extra free. The weight of the
yoghurt is 455 g. How much yoghurt is in the
2. The following prices are the cost of the item cartons normally?
with 20% VAT included. Work out the cost of
each item before VAT was added. 8. Between 2010 and 2016 the population of an
(a) T-shirt £10.08 (b) Tights £1.44 island fell by 4%. The population in 2016 was
(c) Shorts £6.24 (d) Jumper £12.90 201 600. Find the population in 2010.
(e) Trainers £29.76 (f) Boots £38.88 9. After a 6% increase followed by an 8%
3. The number of workers in a factory fell by 5% increase, the monthly salary of a chef was
to 228. £1431. What was his original salary?
How many workers were there originally. 10. A heron has discovered Sergio’s goldfish pond.
4. Tina’s weekly pay is increased by 5% to £315. It has eaten 70% of his collection of goldfish.
What was Tina’s pay before the increase? If he has 60 survivors, how many fish did the
heron eat?
5. In a sale the price of a TV is reduced to
£325.50. This is a reduction of 7% on the 11. In a sale the price of a jacket is reduced by
original price. 15%. On the last day of the sale, it is reduced
(a) What was the original price? by another 10% of the sale price and was
(b) By how much money has the TV been priced at £50.49. How much was the original
reduced? price of the jacket?
6. A company is in financial trouble. The workers 12. Manjit bought a house. The value of her house
are asked to take a 10% pay cut for each of went up by 5% in the first year. In the second
the next two years. year, the value went up by 2%. At the end of
(a) Rob works out that his pay in two years’ the two years, her house was worth £171360.
time will be £1296 per month. Work out how much Manjit paid for her house.
How much is his pay right now? RUGBY HIGH SCHOOL - MATEHMATICS
13. Pink book: pg 253 Q9 - 13
DEPARTMENT
6. (b) Instead, he offers to take an immediate cut
Exercise L of 14% and have his pay frozen at that level for
two years. Has he made the correct decision?
1. After an 8% pay rise Mrs Down’s salary was Yes. (£33024 vs £32832)
£15714. £14550 7. In a special offer on yoghurt a carton of
What was her salary before the increase? yoghurt has 30% extra free. The weight of the
yoghurt is 455 g. How much yoghurt is in the
2. The following prices are the cost of the item cartons normally? £350 350g
with 20% VAT included. Work out the cost of
each item before VAT was added. 8. Between 2010 and 2016 the population of an
£8.40 (a) T-shirt £10.08 (b) Tights £1.44 £1.20 island fell by 4%. The population in 2016 was
£5.20 (c) Shorts £6.24 (d) Jumper £12.90 £10.75 201 600. Find the population in 2010.210 000
214468
£24.80 (e) Trainers £29.76 (f) Boots £38.88 £32.40 9. After a 6% increase followed by an 8%
3. The number of workers in a factory fell by 5% increase, the monthly salary of a chef was
£1250
1250
to 228. 240 £1431. What was his original salary?
How many workers were there originally. 10. A heron has discovered Sergio’s goldfish pond.
4. Tina’s weekly pay is increased by 5% to £315. It has eaten 70% of his collection of goldfish.
What was Tina’s pay before the increase? £300 If he has 60 survivors, how many fish did the
heron eat? 140 140
5. In a sale the price of a TV is reduced to
£325.50. This is a reduction of 7% on the 11. In a sale the price of a jacket is reduced by
original price. (a) £350 15%. On the last day of the sale, it is reduced
(a) What was the original price? (b) £24.50 by another 10% of the sale price and was
(b) By how much money has the TV been priced at £50.49. How much was the original
reduced? price of the jacket? £66 £66.01
6. A company is in financial trouble. The workers 12. Manjit bought a house. The value of her house
are asked to take a 10% pay cut for each of went up by 5% in the first year. In the second
the next two years. year, the value went up by 2%. At the end of
(a) Rob works out that his pay in two years’ the two years, her house was worth £171360.
time will be £1296 per month. Work out how much Manjit paid for her house.
£1600 £160000
How much is his pay right now? RUGBY HIGH SCHOOL - MATEHMATICS
13. Pink book: pg 253 Q9 - 13
DEPARTMENT
Exam Style Question
In 2003, Jerry bought a house.

In 2007, Jerry sold the house to Mia.
He made a profit of 20%.
In 2012, Mia sold the house for £162000
She made a loss of 10%
Work out how much Jerry paid for the house in 2003.

Starter
A hairdresser recorded some details about her customers one day.

The ratio of children : adults was 3 : 7
60% of the children had blond hair and 20% of the adults had blond hair.
What percentage of all the customers had blond hair?

Starter
A hairdresser recorded some details about her customers one day.

The ratio of children : adults was 3 : 7
60% of the children had blond hair and 20% of the adults had blond hair.
What percentage of all the customers had blond hair?
A ratio of 3 : 7 means that 3 out of 10 = 30% of the customers were children.

60% of 30% = 0.6 x 30% = 18% were blond haired children.
70% were adults, so 20% of 70% = 0.2 x 70% = 14% were blond haired adults.
So, 18% + 14% = 32% of the customers had blond hair.

Working with
Percentages
LO: To solve percentage problems

Try this
Based on this information, what are the guideline

daily amounts (GDA) for an adult?

Example
Simran is a ski jumper.

The maximum length of skis she can use is 132% of her height.
Simran's height is 1.68 m.
Work out the maximum length of skis Simran can use.

Exercise M
7. If 38% of plastic bottles in a production line
1. Train fares increased by 5% last year. The price are blue and the remaining 7750
of a season ticket increased by £135. How much plastic bottles are brown, how many plastic
did a season ticket cost before the increase? bottles are blue?
2. In a special offer, the contents of a box of cereal 8. In a company, 65% of the workers are female.
increased by 40%. If the increase in the box size 40% of the female workers drive to work. 50%
was 320 g, find the size of the box of cereal of the male workers drive to work. What
before the increase. percentage of the company’s employees drive
to work?
3. On a gruelling army training session, only 28
youngsters survived the whole day. This 9. The price of a laptop increases by 35%. The
represented 35% of the original group. new price is £972.
How large was the original group? What was the original price?
4. David received a 4% pay increase of £123. 10. When an iron bar is heated it expands by
What was his wage before the increase? 0.2%. If the increase in the length is 1 cm,
what was the original length of the bar?
5. A tree grew by 1.27m over the course of a year.
At the end of the year it was 45% taller than it 11. An oven is sold for £600, thereby making a
was at the beginning of the year. How tall was profit of 20% on the cost price. How much
the tree at the beginning of the year? profit was made?
6. Howard spends £200 a month on food. This 12. A marathon runner loses 4% of their weight
represents 24% of his monthly take-home pay. during a race. If she weighs 52.8 kg at the end
How much is his monthly take-home pay? of the race, what was her weight at the start of
the race?

Exercise M
7. If 38% of plastic bottles in a production line
1. Train fares increased by 5% last year. The price are blue and the remaining 7750
of a season ticket increased by £135. How much plastic bottles are brown, how many plastic
did a season ticket cost before the increase?£2700 bottles are blue? 4750
2. In a special offer, the contents of a box of cereal 8. In a company, 65% of the workers are female.
increased by 40%. If the increase in the box size 40% of the female workers drive to work. 50%
was 320 g, find the size of the box of cereal of the male workers drive to work. What
before the increase. percentage of the company’s employees drive
800g to work? 43.5%
3. On a gruelling army training session, only 28
youngsters survived the whole day. This 9. The price of a laptop increases by 35%. The
represented 35% of the original group. 80 new price is £972.
£720
How large was the original group? What was the original price?
4. David received a 4% pay increase of £123. £3075 10. When an iron bar is heated it expands by
What was his wage before the increase? 0.2%. If the increase in the length is 1 cm,
what was the original length of the bar? 500 cm
5. A tree grew by 1.27m over the course of a year.
At the end of the year it was 45% taller than it 11. An oven is sold for £600, thereby making a
was at the beginning of the year. How tall was profit of 20% on the cost price. How much
the tree at the beginning of the year? 2.82m profit was made? £100
6. Howard spends £200 a month on food. This 12. A marathon runner loses 4% of their weight
represents 24% of his monthly take-home pay. during a race. If she weighs 52.8 kg at the end
How much is his monthly take-home pay? of the race, what was her weight at the start of
£833.33 the race? 55 kg

Exam Style Percentage Questions 6. Kim, Laura and Molly share £385
The ratio of the amount of money Kim gets to
1. In a sale, the price of a jumper is reduced. the amount of money Molly gets is 2 : 5
The jumper has a normal price of £58 Kim gets £105 less than Molly gets.
The jumper has a sale price of £41.56 What percentage of the £385 does Laura get?
Work out the percentage reduction in the price
of the jumper. 7. Here is a diagram showing a rectangle, ABCD,
2. In a sale, the price of a TV is reduced by 25% and a circle.
A week later, the sale price of the TV is reduced
by 15%. The price of the TV is now £293.25
What was the price of the TV before the sale?
3. Paulina buys a TV. She pays a 15% deposit.
She has £340 left to pay.
How much does the TV cost?
4. Daniella bakes 420 cakes. BC is a diameter of the circle.
She bakes only vanilla cakes, cherry cakes, Calculate the percentage of the area of the
coconut cakes and chocolate cakes. rectangle that is shaded.
2 8. Here is triangle PQR.
of the cakes are vanilla cakes.
7
35% of the cakes are cherry cakes.
The ratio of the number of coconut cakes to the
number of chocolate cakes is 4 : 5
Work out the number of coconut cakes Daniella The length of QR is 40% of the length of PR.
bakes. Find the value of cos QPR.
5. 30% of the people at a concert are female.
1295 of the people at the concert are male.
Work out the number of people at the concert
who are female.
Exam Style Percentage Questions 6. Kim, Laura and Molly share £385
The ratio of the amount of money Kim gets to
1. In a sale, the price of a jumper is reduced. the amount of money Molly gets is 2 : 5
The jumper has a normal price of £58 Kim gets £105 less than Molly gets.
The jumper has a sale price of £41.56 28.34…% What percentage of the £385 does Laura get?
Work out the percentage reduction in the price
of the jumper. 7. Here is a diagram showing a rectangle, ABCD,
2. In a sale, the price of a TV is reduced by 25% and a circle.
A week later, the sale price of the TV is reduced
by 15%. The price of the TV is now £293.25 £460
What was the price of the TV before the sale?
3. Paulina buys a TV. She pays a 15% deposit.
She has £340 left to pay.
How much does the TV cost? £400
4. Daniella bakes 420 cakes. BC is a diameter of the circle.
She bakes only vanilla cakes, cherry cakes, Calculate the percentage of the area of the
coconut cakes and chocolate cakes. rectangle that is shaded.
2 8. Here is triangle PQR.
of the cakes are vanilla cakes.
7
35% of the cakes are cherry cakes. 68
The ratio of the number of coconut cakes to the
number of chocolate cakes is 4 : 5
Work out the number of coconut cakes Daniella The length of QR is 40% of the length of PR.
bakes. Find the value of cos QPR.
5. 30% of the people at a concert are female.
555
1295 of the people at the concert are male.
Work out the number of people at the concert
who are female.
Exam Style Questions
2.
1. George wants to watch all 23 games that a
Arthur makes a 12% profit when he sells an football team will play at home next season.
antique cabinet. He gives one-quarter of the He can buy
profit to his partner and pays the rest, £40.50, a season ticket costing £425
into his bank account. or 23 separate tickets costing £24 each
How much did he sell the cabinet for? ticket.
What percentage of the total cost of 23
separate tickets does George save by
buying a season ticket?

Starter
Jenna invests in some shares.

After one week the value goes up by 10%.
The following week they go down by 10%.
Has Jenna made a loss, a gain or is she back to her
original investment?

Starter
Jenna invests in some shares.

After one week the value goes up by 10%.
The following week they go down by 10%.
Has Jenna made a loss, a gain or is she back to her
original investment?
To find a 10% increase we multiply by 110% or 1.1.
To find a 10% decrease we multiply by 90% or 0.9.
original amount × 1.1 × 0.9 = original amount × 0.99
Jenna has 99% of her original investment and has therefore made a 1% loss.

Compound
Percentages
LO: To calculate amounts after a repeated percentage
change.

Jack puts £500 into a savings account with an annual compound interest rate of 5%.
How much will he have in the account at the end of 4 years if he doesn’t add or withdraw any
money?
At the end of each year interest is added to the total amount in the account. This means that
each year 5% of an ever larger amount is added to the account.
To increase the amount in the account by 5% we need to multiply it by 1.05.
We can do this for each year that the money is in the account.

At the end of year 1 Jack has £500 × 1.05 = £525
At the end of year 2 Jack has £525 × 1.05 = £551.25
At the end of year 3 Jack has £ 551.25 × 1.05 = £578.81
At the end of year 4 Jack has £578.81 × 1.05 = £607.75
(These amounts are written to the nearest penny.)
We can write this in a single calculation as
£500 × 1.05 × 1.05 × 1.05 × 1.05 = £607.75
Or using index notation as
£500 × 1.054 = £607.75
How much would Jack have after 10 years?
How long would it take for the money to double?

Example 1
Marge has £2500. One bank offers 4% simple interest for 5 years.
Another bank offers 3.2% compound interest for 5 years.
Which is the best investment?

Example 2 Example 3
The population of a village increases by 2% The value of a new car depreciates at a rate
each year. of 15% per annum.
If the current population is 2345, what will it The car cost £24 000 in 2009.
be in 5 years? How much was it worth in 2017?
What will the population be after 10 years?

Exercise N 8. Which is the better investment over ten years:
• £20000 at 12% compound interest or
1. A bank pays compound interest of 12%. Freya • £30000 at 8% compound interest?
pays £5000 into the bank. 9. The value of a new car is £16000. The car loses
How much will she have after 3 years? 15% of its value at the start of each year.
2. A computer operator is paid £10,000 per year. (a) Find the value of the car after 4 years.
Assuming her salary is increased by 7% each (b) After how many complete years is the value of
year, what will her salary be in four years the car below £4000?
time? 10. The population of a town is 52000.
3. Mrs Dixon’s salary in 2018 is £30,000 per The population increases by 1.5% each year.
year. Every year her salary is increased by (a) Find the population after 6 years.
5%. What will her salary be in 2023? (b) When will the population reach 60000?
4. Daisy invests £5000 at 2.5% compound 11.The population of an island increases by 10% each
interest rate. Work out the interest Daisy will year. After how many years will the original
have earned after 4 years. population be doubled?
5. The price of a flat was £90,000. At the end of 12. Twenty years ago a bus driver was paid £50 per
each year, the price has decreased by 5%. week. He is now paid £185 per week, Assuming an
Find the price of the flat after 2 years? average rate of inflation of 7%, has his pay kept up
6. A new bike is valued at £8000. At the end of with inflation?
each year, its value is reduced by 15% of its 13.A certain type of conifer hedging increases in
value at the start of the year. What will it be height by 17% each year for the first 20 years.
worth after 3 years? When I bought some of this hedging, it was all
7. A baby octopus increases its body weight by about 50 cm tall. How long will it take to reach 3 m?
5% each day for the first month of its life. A 14. A reservoir loses water at the rate of 8% each day. If
baby octopus was born weighing 10 g. What the reservoir holds 2.1 million litres of water, how
will its weight by after 1 week? long will it takes for it to have less than 1 million
litres of water?
Exercise N 8. Which is the better investment over ten years:
• £20000 at 12% compound interest or
1. A bank pays compound interest of 12%. Freya • £30000 at 8% compound interest?
pays £5000 into the bank. £7024.64 9. The value of a new car is £16000. The car loses
How much will she have after 3 years? 15% of its value at the start of each year.
2. A computer operator is paid £10,000 per year. (a) Find the value of the car after 4 years.
Assuming her salary is increased by 7% each (b) After how many complete years is the value of
year, what will her salary be in four years the car below £4000?
time? £13,107.96
10. The population of a town is 52000.
3. Mrs Dixon’s salary in 2018 is £30,000 per The population increases by 1.5% each year.
year. Every year her salary is increased by (a) Find the population after 6 years.
5%. What will her salary be in 2023? £38,288.45 (b) When will the population reach 60000?
4. Daisy invests £5000 at 2.5% compound 11.The population of an island increases by 10% each
interest rate. Work out the interest Daisy will year. After how many years will the original
have earned after 4 years. £519.06 population be doubled?
5. The price of a flat was £90,000. At the end of 12. Twenty years ago a bus driver was paid £50 per
each year, the price has decreased by 5%. week. He is now paid £185 per week, Assuming an
Find the price of the flat after 2 years? £81225 average rate of inflation of 7%, has his pay kept up
6. A new bike is valued at £8000. At the end of with inflation?
each year, its value is reduced by 15% of its 13.A certain type of conifer hedging increases in
value at the start of the year. What will it be height by 17% each year for the first 20 years.
worth after 3 years? When I bought some of this hedging, it was all
7. A baby octopus increases its body weight by about 50 cm tall. How long will it take to reach 3 m?
5% each day for the first month of its life. A 14. A reservoir loses water at the rate of 8% each day. If
baby octopus was born weighing 10 g. What the reservoir holds 2.1 million litres of water, how
will its weight by after 1 week? long will it takes for it to have less than 1 million
litres of water?
Exam Style Questions
2. Anil wants to invest £25000 for 3 years in a
1. Kylie wants to invest £20 000 for 3 years. bank.
She consider two investments, Investment Secure Bank
A and Investment B.
Personal Bank
Compound interest
Investment A Compound interest
Investment B 4.3% for the first
£20 000
£20 000 year
Earns 3.02% 2% for each year
Earns 2.98% 0.9% for each
interest per annum
compound interest extra year
Interest paid yearly
per annum
by cheque. Which bank will give Anil the most interest at
the end of 3 years?
You must show your working
Kylie wants to get the greatest return on her
investment.
Which of these investments should she
choose?

Starter
For each of these calculations, what could the question be?
(a) 200 × 0.77 = 154

(b) 676 ÷ 1.3 = 520
(c) 1000 × 1.044 = 1169.86 (2𝑑𝑝)
(d) 100 × 0.6 × 1.4 = 84
(e) 80 ÷ 1.175 = 68.09

Percentage Appreciation
& Depreciation
LO: To solve problems involving percentage
appreciation and depreciation

Example 1 Example 2
Jacob invests £3000 at 2.4% compound An investment of £6000 over the course of 6
interest for n years. At the end of n years he years is worth £7332.88 (to the nearest
has £3541.77 (to the nearest pence). pence). Find the rate of interest to 1 decimal
Find the value of n. place.

Exercise O
1. A building society offers two accounts.
Easy Saver Half-yearly saver

4% interest added at 2% interest added at the
the end of each year. end of every 6 months.
Amy thinks that both accounts would give the same interest on an investment.
Is Amy correct? You must show your working.
2. A road planner uses the formula 2400 x 1.08n to estimate the number of vehicles that will travel on a
new road n months after it opens.
After how many months would the number of vehicles first exceed 4400?
3. Find the minimum rate of interest (to 1 dp) for an investment of £500 to grow to £600 in 6 years.
4. (a) I invest £1000 for 3 years in a bank account. At the end of the 3 years I have £1260 to the nearest
pound. What was the interest rate?
(b) I invest £1000 for 10 years in a bank account. At the end of the 10 years I have £1629 to the
nearest pound. What was the interest rate?
(c) The price of a £10,000 car depreciates by the same percentage every year. If the price after 5
years is £5904 what % of its value does it lose each year?
5. Sally invests £8000 in an account that pays 3.5% compound interest at the end of each year. Sally
has to pay 20% tax on this interest each year. Calculate how much Sally will have in her account at
the end of 3 years.
6. Liam invests some money for 6 years at a rate of 4.5%. After 6 years the interest earned is £1934.46.
Find to the nearest one pound, the amount of money originally invested.
7. Worksheet: Percentage appreciation and depreciation exam questions.
Exercise O
1. A building society offers two accounts.
Easy Saver Half-yearly saver No.

4% interest added at 2% interest added at the If she invests £1000
the end of each year. end of every 6 months. Easy saver: 1000 x 1.04 = £1040
H-y saver: 1000 x 1.022 = £1040.40
Amy thinks that both accounts would give the same interest on an investment.
Is Amy correct? You must show your working.
2. A road planner uses the formula 2400 x 1.08n to estimate the number of vehicles that will travel on a
new road n months after it opens.
8
After how many months would the number of vehicles first exceed 4400?
3. Find the minimum rate of interest (to 1 dp) for an investment of £500 to grow to £600 in 6 years. 3.1%
4. (a) I invest £1000 for 3 years in a bank account. At the end of the 3 years I have £1260 to the nearest
pound. What was the interest rate? 8%
(b) I invest £1000 for 10 years in a bank account. At the end of the 10 years I have £1629 to the
nearest pound. What was the interest rate? 5%
(c) The price of a £10,000 car depreciates by the same percentage every year. If the price after 5
years is £5904 what % of its value does it lose each year? 10%
5. Sally invests £8000 in an account that pays 3.5% compound interest at the end of each year. Sally
has to pay 20% tax on this interest each year. Calculate how much Sally will have in her account at
the end of 3 years. £8690.99
6. Liam invests some money for 6 years at a rate of 4.5%. After 6 years the interest earned is £1934.46.
Find to the nearest one pound, the amount of money originally invested. £6400
7. Worksheet: Percentage appreciation and depreciation exam questions.
Exam Style Question
Mr Thompson puts £2500 into a high interest savings account.

Interest is added to the account at the end of each year.
After 2 years Mr Thompson’s account contains £2704.
(a) Assuming Mr Thompson doesn’t add any money of his own over the 2 years, what is
the interest rate on Mr Thompson’s account?
(b) If the assumption in part (a) is incorrect how might this affect your answer to part (a)?
Problem Solving
An investment company guarantees 10% interest on a customer’s investment per annum.

At the end of each year the company takes any money above the 10% interest as a
payment and reinvests the rest of the customer’s money.
One customer’s 3-year investment of £100 000 makes 12% interest per annum.
How much does the company make over the 3 years from this customer’s investment?

Exam Style Question
Mr Thompson puts £2500 into a high interest savings account.

Interest is added to the account at the end of each year.
After 2 years Mr Thompson’s account contains £2704.
(a) Assuming Mr Thompson doesn’t add any money of his own over the 2 years, what is
the interest rate on Mr Thompson’s account?
(b) If the assumption in part (a) is incorrect how might this affect your answer to part (a)?
Problem Solving
An investment company guarantees 10% interest on a customer’s investment per annum.

At the end of each year the company takes any money above the 10% interest as a
payment and reinvests the rest of the customer’s money.
One customer’s 3-year investment of £100 000 makes 12% interest per annum.
How much does the company make over the 3 years from this customer’s investment?
2000 + 2200 + 2420 = £6620

Starter:
The table gives some information about student attendance at a school on Friday.
The school has a target of 94% of students being present each day.
Did the school meet its target on Friday?
Show how you get your answer.

Starter:
The table gives some information about student attendance at a school on Friday.
The school has a target of 94% of students being present each day.
Did the school meet its target on Friday?
Show how you get your answer.

Information From
Tables
LO: To solve problems by reading information from
tables.

Exercise P: Worksheet: Information from tables
Example
Mr and Mrs Jennings are planning a holiday to Italy.
They will go on holiday with their 11 year old daughter.
The table below shows some information about the prices of flights.
Flight to Italy Flight from Italy
Date Price per adult (£) Date Price per adult (£)
28th October 282 4th November 305
31st October 272 7th November 283
Child fares 0 to 2 years old No charge
Over 2 to 12 years old 75% of the adult fare
Mr and Mrs Jennings and their daughter want to fly to Italy on 29th October.
They want to fly back from Italy on 6th November.
They have £1600 to spend on flights.

Do they have enough money for the flights?

Exam Style Question
Each day a company posts some small letters and some large letters.
The company posts all the letters by first class post.
The tables show information about the cost of sending a small letter by first class post and the
cost of sending a large letter by first class post.
One day the company wants to post 200 letters.
The ratio of the number of small letters to the number of large letters is 3:2
70% of the large letters weigh 0-100 g.
The rest of the large letters weigh 101-250 g.
Work out the total cost of posting the 200 letters by first class post.

Exam Style Question
Each day a company posts some small letters and some large letters.
The company posts all the letters by first class post.
The tables show information about the cost of sending a small letter by first class post and the
cost of sending a large letter by first class post.
One day the company wants to post 200 letters.
The ratio of the number of small letters to the number of large letters is 3:2
70% of the large letters weigh 0-100 g.
The rest of the large letters weigh 101-250 g.
Work out the total cost of posting the 200 letters by first class post.

Two numbers have a difference of 21.
One is 20% greater than the other.
What are the two numbers?

Two numbers have a difference of 21.
One is 20% greater than the other.
What are the two numbers?
105, 126

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Percentages

RUGBY HIGH SCHOOL - MATEHMATICS DEPARTMENT

Fractions Decimals Percentages

RUGBY HIGH SCHOOL - MATEHMATICS DEPARTMENT

Fractions Decimals Percentages

7/20 0.35 35%

1/5 0.2 20%

17/25 0.68 68%

13/40 0.325 32.5%

RUGBY HIGH SCHOOL - MATEHMATICS DEPARTMENT

RUGBY HIGH SCHOOL - MATEHMATICS DEPARTMENT

There are 35 sweets in a bag.

Petra put £32 into a bank account.

RUGBY HIGH SCHOOL - MATEHMATICS DEPARTMENT

A 250 ml glass of fruit drink contains 30 ml of pure orange juice.

RUGBY HIGH SCHOOL - MATEHMATICS DEPARTMENT

RUGBY HIGH SCHOOL - MATEHMATICS DEPARTMENT

RUGBY HIGH SCHOOL - MATEHMATICS DEPARTMENT

RUGBY HIGH SCHOOL - MATEHMATICS DEPARTMENT

1. A man’s salary is estimated to be £20000. 8. A speed of 60 km/h is taken to be roughly 18 m/s.

RUGBY HIGH SCHOOL - MATEHMATICS DEPARTMENT

1. A man’s salary is estimated to be £20000. 8. A speed of 60 km/h is taken to be roughly 18 m/s.

RUGBY HIGH SCHOOL - MATEHMATICS DEPARTMENT

Some of the players have a weight

Estimate the proportion of these players

RUGBY HIGH SCHOOL - MATEHMATICS DEPARTMENT

All measurements are in centimetres.

Here is a right–angled triangle.

Four of these triangles are joined to enclose the square

Show that the area of the square ABCD is x2 + y2

RUGBY HIGH SCHOOL - MATEHMATICS DEPARTMENT

All measurements are in centimetres.

Here is a right–angled triangle.

Four of these triangles are joined to enclose the square

Show that the area of the square ABCD is x2 + y2

RUGBY HIGH SCHOOL - MATEHMATICS DEPARTMENT

RUGBY HIGH SCHOOL - MATEHMATICS DEPARTMENT

We can do this using the following formula:

RUGBY HIGH SCHOOL - MATEHMATICS DEPARTMENT

What is the percentage increase in the

RUGBY HIGH SCHOOL - MATEHMATICS DEPARTMENT

RUGBY HIGH SCHOOL - MATEHMATICS DEPARTMENT

RUGBY HIGH SCHOOL - MATEHMATICS DEPARTMENT

What is her percentage profit?

A share dealer buys a number of shares at £3.68 each.

RUGBY HIGH SCHOOL - MATEHMATICS DEPARTMENT

4. Nathan makes fudge and sells it at a Christmas

5. In 2017, Croftshire County Council raised £18.64

RUGBY HIGH SCHOOL - MATEHMATICS DEPARTMENT

5. In 2017, Croftshire County Council raised £18.64

RUGBY HIGH SCHOOL - MATEHMATICS DEPARTMENT

RUGBY HIGH SCHOOL - MATEHMATICS DEPARTMENT

RUGBY HIGH SCHOOL - MATEHMATICS DEPARTMENT

10% 50% 25% 15%

RUGBY HIGH SCHOOL - MATEHMATICS DEPARTMENT

10% 50% 25% 15%

RUGBY HIGH SCHOOL - MATEHMATICS DEPARTMENT

RUGBY HIGH SCHOOL - MATEHMATICS DEPARTMENT

To find 50% of an amount, divide the amount by 2.