Electrical Engineering Questions - Eng. AbdelRazzaq Nuseirat

Prepared By Engineer AbdelRazzaq M.
Nuseirat (Al-Nashmi)
 Quantities and Units Part.
1. When these numbers are multiplied, (6 × 103) (5 × 105), the result is: || Answer: 30 × 108 OR 3 × 109
2. Resistance is measured in: || Answer: Ohms
3. The number 65,000 expressed in scientific notation as a number between 1 and 10 times a power of ten is:
Answer: 6.5 × 104
4. When converting 7,000 nA to microamperes, the result is: || Answer: 7 μA
5. The number of kilowatts in 135 milliwatts is: || Answer: 1.35 × 10-4 kW
6. The number 4.4 × 106 ohms expressed using a metric prefix is: || Answer: 4.4 M
7. The number of microamperes in 2 milliamperes is: || Answer: 2,000 μA
8. The number of millivolts in 0.06 kilovolts is: || Answer: 60,000 mV
9. Eighteen thousand watts is the same as: || Answer: 18 kW
10. The number 3.2 × 10–5 A expressed using a metric prefix is: || Answer: 32 μA
11. When converting 0.16 mA to microamperes, the result is: || Answer: 160 μA
12. When these numbers are added, (87 × 105) + (2.5 × 106), the result is: || Answer: 112 × 105 OR 11.2 × 106
13. The quantity 3.3 × 103 is the same as: || Answer: 3,300
14. Which of the following is not an electrical quantity? || Answer: Distance.
15. Seven thousand volts can be expressed as: || Answer: 7 kV
16. The number 4,500,000 can be expressed as: || Answer: 4.5 × 106 OR 4,5 × 105
17. When converting 1,600 kilohms to megohms, the result is: || Answer: 1.6 M Ω
18. What is (79 × 106) / (12 × 10–8)? || Answer: 6.58 × 1014
19. Fourteen milliamperes can be expressed as: || Answer: 14 mA
20. The number 4.38 × 10–3 expressed as a number having a power of 10–6 is: || Answer: 4,380 × 10-6
21. Voltage is measured in: || Answer: Volts.
22. The number 0.0003 multiplied by 10-3 is: || Answer: 0.0000003
23. The number of megohms in 0.03 kilohms is: || Answer: 3 × 10-5 M Ω
24. The quantity 43 × 10-3 is the same as: || Answer: 0.043
25. Current is measured in: || Answer: Amperes.
1
Prepared By Engineer AbdelRazzaq M. Nuseirat (Al-Nashmi)
 Ohm's Law Part: (V = I × R).
26. An electric heater draws 3.5 A from a 110 V source. The resistance of the heating element is approximately:
Answer: 31 Ω
27. If 750 µA is flowing through 11 k Ω of resistance, what is the voltage drop across the resistor? || Answer: 8.25V
28. The formula to find I when the values of V and R are known is: || Answer: I = V / R
29. A resistor is connected across a 50 V source. What is the current in the resistor if the color code is red, orange, and
orange, silver? || Answer: 2.2 mA
30. Approximately how many milliamperes of current flow through a circuit with a 40 V source and 6.8 k Ω of resistance?
Answer: 5.88 mA
31. How much resistance is required to limit the current from a 12 V battery to 3.6 mA? || Answer: 3.3 k Ω
32. What is the voltage source for a circuit carrying 2 A of current through a 36 Ω resistor? || Answer: 72 V
33. What is the approximate resistance setting of a rheostat in which 650 mA of current flows with a 150 V source?
Answer: 320 V
34. How much voltage is needed to produce 2.5 A of current through a 200 Ω resistor? || Answer: 500 V
35. When there is 12 mA of current through a 1.2 k resistor, the voltage across the resistor is: || Answer: 14.4 V
36. A resistance of 3.3 M is connected across a 500 V source. The resulting current is approximately:
Answer: 151 μ A
37. You are measuring the current in a circuit that is operated on an 18 V battery. The ammeter reads 40 mA. Later you
notice the current has dropped to 20 mA. How much has the voltage changed? || Answer: 9 V
38. The current through a flashlight bulb is 40 mA and the total battery voltage is 4.5 V. The resistance of the bulb is
approximately: || Answer: 112 Ω
39. If you wish to increase the amount of current in a resistor from 120 mA to 160 mA by changing the 24 V source,
what should the new voltage setting be? || Answer: 32 V
40. If 24 V are applied across a resistor and there are 10.9 mA of current, the resistance is: || Answer: 2.2 k Ω
41. How much resistance is needed to draw 17.6 mA from a 12 volt source? || Answer: 680 Ω
42. How much current is produced by a voltage of 18 kV across a 15 k Ω resistance? || Answer: 1.2 A
43. A current of 200 µA through a 6.8 k Ω resistor produces a voltage drop of: || Answer: 1.36 V
44. Four amperes of current are measured through a 24 Ω resistor connected across a voltage source. How much
voltage does the source produce? || Answer: 96 V
45. Twelve volts are applied across a resistor. A current of 3 mA is measured. What is the value of the resistor?
Answer: 4 K Ω
46. When 12 V are applied across a 68 resistor, the current is: || Answer: 176 mA
47. Approximately how much current flows through a 3.3 M Ω resistor across a 30 V source? || Answer: 9 μ A
2
48. A 120 V lamp-dimming circuit is controlled by a rheostat and protected from excessive current by a 3 A fuse. To
what minimum resistance value can the rheostat be set without blowing the fuse? Assume a lamp resistance of 20
ohms: || Answer: 20 Ω
49. What is the approximate filament resistance of a light bulb if it operates from a 110 V source and 0.6 A of current is
flowing? || Answer: 183 Ω
50. What is the approximate resistance of a rheostat if the voltage source is 18 V and the current is 220 mA?
Answer: 82 Ω.
51. The formula for finding voltage when resistance and current are known is V = I / R? || Answer: False.
52. The formula for finding resistance when current and voltage are known is R = I/V? || Answer: False.
53. Ohm's law describes how current is related to voltage and resistance: || Answer: True.
54. The ampere is the unit of resistance. || Answer: False.
3
 Series Circuits.
55. When a fourth resistor is connected in series with three resistors, the total resistance: || Answer: Increases.
56. A string of five series resistors is connected across a 6 V battery. Zero voltage is measured across all resistors
except R3. The voltage across R3 is: || Answer: 6 V
57. A series circuit consists of three resistors with values of 120 Ω, 270 Ω, and 330 Ω, The total resistance is:
Answer: 720 Ω
58. A certain series circuit consists of a 1/8 W resistor, a 1/4 W resistor, and a 1/2 W resistor. The total resistance
is 1200 Ω. If each resistor is operating in the circuit at its maximum power dissipation, total current flow is:
Sol: PTOTAL = P1 + P2 + P3
= (1/8) + (1/4) + (1/2) = 7/8
P = (I2) × (R) ⟹ I = √ (P)/(R) = SQR ((7/8) / 1200) = 27 mA
59. Which of the following series combinations dissipates the most power when connected across a 120 V source?
Answer: One 220 Ω resistor.
60. When one of three series resistors is removed from a circuit and the circuit is reconnected, the current:
Answer: Increases.
61. The total power in a certain circuit is 12 W. Each of the four equal-value series resistors making up the circuit
dissipates: || Answer: 3 W
62. The following resistors (one each) are connected in a series circuit: 470 Ω, 680 Ω, 1 k Ω, and 1.2 k Ω, The
voltage source is 20 V. Current through the 680 Ω resistor is approximately:
Answer: Current flowing will be same through out the circuit, So total resistors = 470 + 680 + 1k + 1.2K = 3.35 k Ω
⟹ I = (20 / 3.35 K) = 5.97 mA ≅ 6 mA
63. A series circuit consists of a 4.7 k Ω, a 12 k Ω, and a 2.2 k Ω resistor. The resistor that has the most voltage
drop is: || Sol: R1 = 4.7 Ω, R2 = 12 Ω, R3 = 2.2 Ω
RTOTAL = R1 + R2 + R3 = 18.9
⟹ (18.9 / 4.7) = 4.02, (18.9 / 12) = 1.575, (18.9 / 2.2) = 8.5
Therefore, the resistor that has max voltage drop is 12 k Ω, which has minimum value.
64. All the voltage drops and the source voltage added together in a series circuit is equal to: || Answer: Zero.
65. Two resistors are in series: a 5.6 k Ω resistor and a 4.7 k Ω resistor, the voltage drop across the 5.6 k Ω resistor
is 10 V. The voltage across the 4.7 k Ω resistor is:
Sol: I = (10 V) / (5.7 k Ω) = 1.7857 mA ⟹ V(4.7 K Ω) = (1.7857 mA) × (4.7 K Ω) = 8.39 V
66. Three 680 resistors are connected in series with a 470 V source. Current in the circuit is:
Sol: I = (470 V) / (680 × 3 Ω) = 230 mA
67. There are five resistors in a given series circuit and each resistor has 6 V dropped across it. The source
voltage: || Answer: 30 V
68. If a 6 V and a 9 V source are connected series aiding, the total voltage is: || Answer: 15 V
4
69. If a 24 V and a 6 V battery are series opposing, the total voltage is: || Answer: 18 V
70. Five resistors are connected in a series and there is a current of 3 A into the first resistor. The amount of
current into the second resistor is: || Answer: 3 A
71. The total resistance of eight 5.6 k Ω resistors in series is: || Answer: 44.8 K Ω
72. A series circuit has a 24 V source and a total resistance of 120 Ω. The current through each resistor is:
Answer: 200 mA
73. To measure the current out of the second resistor in a circuit consisting of four resistors, an ammeter can be
placed: || Answer: At any point in the circuit.
74. A 12 V battery is connected across a series combination of 68 Ω, 47 Ω, 220 Ω, and 33 Ω. The amount of
current is: || Answer: 32.6 mA
75. A series circuit consists of three resistors. Two resistors are 1.2 k Ω each. The total resistance is 12 k Ω. The
value of the third resistor: || Answer: 9.6 k Ω
76. Four equal-value resistors are in series with a 12 V battery and 13.63 mA are measured. The value of each
resistor is: || Sol: RTOTAL = (12 V) / (13.63 mA) = 880 Ω ⟹ (880) / 4 = 220 Ω for each resistor.
77. Two 1.5 V cells are connected series opposing across two 100 resistors in series. Total current flow is:
Answer: Zero.
78. The total resistance of a circuit is 680 Ω. The percentage of the total voltage appearing across a 47 Ω resistor
that makes up part of the total series resistance is: || Sol: ((47 / 680) × 100%) = 6.91%
79. Two 6 V batteries are connected series aiding across two 1.2 k Ω resistors in series. Current through each
resistor is: : || Sol: I = ((6 +6) / (1.2 k Ω × 2)) = 5 mA
80. The term series opposing means that sources are in series with opposite polarities: || Answer: True.
81. If you know the current anywhere in a series circuit, you know the current everywhere in a series circuit:
Answer: True.
82. In a series circuit, the individual powers are additive: || Answer: True.
83. The total resistance of a series circuit is equal to the difference between the largest and smallest value
resistors: || Answer: False.
84. The voltage at one point in a circuit is always measured relative to another point: || Answer: True.
85. A series circuit acts as a voltage divider: || Answer: True.
86. A series circuit acts as a current divider: || Answer: False.
87. The sum of all the voltage drops around a single closed loop in a circuit is zero: || Answer: True.
88. A short in a series circuit prevents current: || Answer: False.
89. Series aiding is a term sometimes used to describe voltage sources of the same polarity in series:
Answer: True.
5
 Series-Parallel Circuits.
90. The internal resistance of a 20,000 ohm/volt voltmeter set on its 5 V range is:
Sol: (1 / I) = 20 K A ⟹ I = (5 × 10-5) ⟹ R = (5) / (5 × 10-5) = 100 K Ω
91. Two 1.2 k Ω resistors are in series and this series combination is in parallel with a 3.3 k Ω resistor. The total
resistance is: || Answer: 1389 Ω
92. The output of a certain voltage divider is 12 V with no load. When a load is connected, the output voltage:
Answer: Decreases.
93. A certain voltage divider consists of two 12 k Ω resistors in series. Which of the following load resistors will
have the most effect on the output voltage? || Answer: 12 k Ω
94. A voltage divider consists of two 68 k Ω resistors and a 24 V source. The unknown output voltage is:
Sol: Vout = [(R2) / (R1 + R2)] × (VS) = [(68 k) / (68 k + 68 k)] × (24) = 12 V
95. Three 10 k Ω resistors are connected in series. A 20 k Ω resistor is connected in parallel across one of the 10
k Ω resistors. The voltage source is 24 V. The total current in the circuit is:
Sol: I = (VS) / [(R1) + (R2) + (R3 || R4)] = 900 μ A
96. A certain voltage divider consists of three 1 k Ω resistors in series. Which of the following load resistors will
have the least effect on the output voltage? || Answer: 1 M Ω (Larger R).
97. The parallel combination of a 470 Ω resistor and a 1.5 k Ω resistor is in series with the parallel combination of
five 1 k Ω resistors, the source voltage is 50 V, the percentage of the load current through any single
1 k Ω resistor is: || Sol: Five 5 k Ω is Parallel ⟹ RTOTAL = 200 Ω
I(200 Ω) = (50) / (200) = 0.25 A …. I(1000 Ω) = (50) / (1000) = 0.05 A
⟹ (0.05) / (0.25) = 20 %
98. A certain Wheatstone bridge has the following resistor values: R1 = 10 k Ω, R2 = 720 Ω, and R4 = 2.4 k Ω. The
unknown resistance is: || Sol: (R1) (R2) = (R3) (R4) ⟹ R3 = 3 K Ω
99. On which of the following voltage range settings will a voltmeter present the minimum load on a circuit?
Sol: I = 1 K V (Large Voltage).
100. The internal resistance of a 30,000 ohm/volt voltmeter set on its 50 V range is:
Sol: (1 / I) = 30 K A ⟹ I = (3.3333 × 10-5) ⟹ R = (50) / (3.3333 × 10-5) = 1.5 M Ω
101. The parallel combination of a 6.8 k Ω resistor and a 10 k Ω resistor is in series with the parallel combination
of a 2.2 k Ω resistor and a 1 k Ω resistor. A 100 V source is connected across the circuit. The resistor(s) with
the greatest voltage drop is (are):
Sol: RTOTAL1 = (6.8k × 10k) / (6.8k + 10k) = 4.048 k Ω
RTOTAL2 = (2.2k × 1k) / (2.2K + 1K) = 687.5 Ω
V (VS ) (RTOTAL1 ) (100) (4.048 K) V (VS ) (RTOTAL2 ) (100) (687.5)

1= = = 85.48 V 2= = = 14.52 V
(RTOTAL1 )+ (RTOTAL2 ) (4.048 K)+(687.5) (RTOTAL1 )+ (RTOTAL2 ) (4.048 K)+(687.5)
∴ The greatest voltage drop is 6.8 k Ω & 10 k Ω
6
102. When a load resistance is removed from the output of a voltage divider circuit, the current drawn from the
source: || Answer: Decreases.
103. A certain circuit is composed of two parallel resistors. The total resistance is 1,403 Ω. One of the resistors
is 2 k Ω. The other resistor value is: || Sol: R TOTAL= (2 K) (RX )

= 4.7 K Ω
(2 K)+ (RX )
104. The parallel combination of a 470 Ω resistor and a 680 Ω resistor is in series with the parallel combination of
four 2 k Ω resistors. The total resistance is: || Sol: RTOTAL = (2 K || 2 K || 2 K || 2 K) + (470 || 680) = 777.9 Ω
105. A 12 k Ω resistor, a 15 k Ω resistor, and a 22 k Ω resistor are in series with two 10 k Ω resistors that are
in parallel. The source voltage is 75 V. Current through the 15 k Ω resistor is approximately:
Sol: VS = (12 K + 15 K + 22 K + (10 K || 10 K)) × i ⟹ i = 1.3888 m A
106. A 6 V battery output is divided down to obtain two output voltages. Three 2.2 k Ω resistors are used to provide
the two taps. The two output voltages are:
Sol: ↪ Step-1: Take the connection or tap just after the first resistance>>
So Vout = (6) × (2.2 k) / (3 × 2.2 k) = 2V.
↪ Step-2: Take the tap just after 2 resistors i.e.
Vout = 6 × (2.2 k + 2.2 k) / (3 × 2.2 k) = 4 V. ⟹ Sol is 2, 4 V.
107. Two 3.3 k Ω resistors are in series and this series combination is in parallel with a 4.7 k Ω resistor. The
voltage across one of the 3.3 k Ω resistors is 12 V. The voltage across the 4.7 k Ω resistor is: || Answer: 24 V
108. A balanced Wheatstone bridge consists of an RV of 3,500 Ω, an R2 of 200 Ω, and an R3 of 680 Ω. The
value of RUNK is: || Sol: In wheatstone bridge: (R1) × (R2) = (R3) × (R4)
⟹ (RUNK) × (200) = (680) × (3500) ⟹ (RUNK) = 1029.4 Ω
109. In a certain five-step R/2R ladder network, the smallest resistor value is 1 k Ω. The largest value is:
Answer: 2 K Ω
110. A voltage divider consists of two 100 k Ω resistors and a 12 V source. What will the output voltage be if a load
resistor of 1 M Ω is connected to the output?
Sol: R1 = 100K Ω, R2 = 100K Ω, R3 = 1 M Ω
Here R1, R2 are in series with 12V, and R2, R3 are parallel
VOUT = 12 × (100 K || 1 M) / (100 K + 100 K || 1 M) = (120) / (21) = 5.7 V
111. The parallel combination of a 470 Ω resistor and a 1.2 k Ω resistor is in series with the parallel combination
of three 3 k Ω resistors. A 200 V source is connected across the circuit. The resistor with the most current
has a value of: || Answer: As current takes a least resistive path. Hence, current in 470 ohms will be the maximum.
112. A smaller-value load resistor will cause the output voltage to change more than a larger-value one:
Answer: True.
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113. Using the current-divider formula, you can find the current in any branch of a series-parallel circuit:
Answer: True.
114. To derive 18 V and 12 V from a 24 V supply requires a voltage divider with three taps: || Answer: True.
115. A Wheatstone bridge is often shown in a "diamond" configuration: || Answer: True.
116. A resistor ladder network is a special type of series-parallel circuit: || Answer: True.
117. The higher the range setting, the less the internal resistance and the greater the load effect of the voltmeter
on a circuit: || Answer: False.
118. Using Kirchhoff's voltage law, you can find the voltages across certain parts of a series-parallel circuit:
Answer: True.
119. A Wheatstone bridge consists of four resistors in parallel: || Answer: False.
120. Two equal-value resistors in series will divide the source voltage equally: || Answer: True.
121. A galvanometer is a meter that measures small amounts of voltage: || Answer: False.
8
 Branch, Loop and Node Analyses Parts.
122. Find the node voltage VA and current through R2:
(VA )−12 (VA )−0 (VA )−6

Answer: + + = 0 ⟹ (VA ) = 4.2896 V
49 24 80
I(R2) 4.2896
= = 178.7 m A
24
123. Find the node voltage VA and current through R2:
(VA )−15 (VA )−0 (VA )−8

Sol: + + = 0 ⟹ (VA ) = 5.179 V
68 30 100
I(R2) 5.179
= = 172.2 m A
30
124. Find:
A. Branch current IR2:
(VA )−12 (VA )−0 (VA )−4

Sol: + + = 0 ⟹ (VA ) = 4.1805 V
68 37 90
I(R2) = 4.1805
= 199.99 m A
37
B. Voltage drop across R1:
Sol: VR1 = 12 – 4.1805 = 7.8195 V
C. Voltage drop across R2:
Sol: VR2 = 4.1805 - 0 = 4.1805 V
D. Using the mesh current method, find the branch current, IR1:
Sol: - 12 + 68 (I1) + (37) (I1 – I2) = 0
4 + 90 (I2) + 37 (I2 – I1) = 0
⟹ IR1 = 115 m A
E. Voltage drop across R3:
Sol: VR2 = 4.1805 - 4 = 0.1805 V
125. Find (I1) and (I2), If: 4 (I1) + 4 (I2) = 2 and 6 (I1) + 7 (I2) = 4 || Sol: I1 = - 0.5 A and I2 = 1 A
126. In assigning the direction of branch currents: || Answer: The directions are not critical.
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127. The first row of a certain determinant has the numbers 10 and 6. The second row has the numbers 3 and 5.
The value of this determinant is: || Sol: (10 × 6) – (6 × 3) = 32
128. The expansion method for evaluating determinants is: || Answer: Good for second- and third-order determinants.
129. The branch current method uses: || Answer: Kirchhoff's voltage and current laws.
130. The node voltage method is based on Kirchhoff's voltage law: || Answer: False.
131. A loop current is an actual current in a branch: || Answer: False.
132. The mesh current method is based on Kirchhoff's current law: || Answer: False.
133. The branch current method is based on Kirchhoff's voltage law and Kirchhoff's current law: || Answer: True.
134. When assigning branch currents, you need not be concerned with the direction you choose: || Answer: True.
135. Generally, the mesh current method results in fewer equations than the node voltage method: || Answer: False.
136. Third-order determinants are evaluated by the expansion method or by the cofactor method: || Answer: True.
137. Second-order determinants are evaluated by subtracting the signed cross-products: || Answer: False.
138. he mesh method can be applied to circuits with any number of loops: || Answer: True.
10
 Alternating Current and Voltage Parts.
139. If the rms voltage drop across a 15 k Ω resistor is 16 V, the peak current through the resistor is:
Sol: I(RMS) = V(RMS) / R
⟹ I(RMS) = (16) / (15 K) = 1.066666667 m A
⟹ I(Peak) = (√2) × I(RMS) = 1.5 m A
140. The conductive loop on the rotor of a simple two-pole, single-phase generator rotates at a rate of 400 rps.
The frequency of the induced output voltage is:
(𝐏) (𝐧) (𝟔𝟎) (𝟒𝟎𝟎) (𝟐) (𝟔𝟎)

Sol: 𝒇 = = = 𝟒𝟎𝟎 𝐇𝐳
𝟏𝟐𝟎 𝟏𝟐𝟎
141. How many degrees are there in /3 rad? || Answer: 60˚
142. To produce an 800 Hz sine wave, a four-pole generator must be operated at:
(𝐏) (𝐧) (𝟔𝟎) (𝐏) (𝟒) (𝟔𝟎)

Sol: 𝒇 = ⟹ 𝟖𝟎𝟎 = ⟹ 𝐏 = 𝟒𝟎𝟎 𝐫𝐩𝐬
𝟏𝟐𝟎 𝟏𝟐𝟎
143. One sine wave has a positive-going zero crossing at 15° and another sine wave has a positive-going zero
crossing at 55°. The phase angle between the two waveforms is: || Answer: θ = 55˚ - 15˚ = 40˚
144. If the rms current through a 4.7 k Ω resistor is 4 mA, the peak voltage drop across the resistor is:
Sol: V(RMS) = I(RMS) × R ⟹ V(RMS) = (4 m) × (4.7 K) = 18.8 V
∴ V(Peak) = (√2) × V(RMS) = 26.6 V
145. A pulse waveform has a high time of 8 ms and a pulse width of 32 ms. The duty cycle is:
𝐑𝐢𝐬𝐞 𝐓𝐢𝐦𝐞 𝟖 𝐦𝐬
Sol: 𝐝𝐜 = × 𝟏𝟎𝟎% ⟹ × 𝟏𝟎𝟎% = 𝟐𝟓%
𝐓𝐨𝐭𝐚𝐥 𝐓𝐢𝐦𝐞 𝐏𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐨𝐝 𝟑𝟐 𝐦𝐬
146. A 20 kHz pulse waveform consists of pulses that are 15 s wide. The duty cycle:
𝟏
𝐑𝐢𝐬𝐞 𝐓𝐢𝐦𝐞 𝟐𝟎 𝐊𝐇𝐳
Sol: 𝐝𝐜 = × 𝟏𝟎𝟎% ⟹ × 𝟏𝟎𝟎% = 𝟑𝟎%
𝐓𝐨𝐭𝐚𝐥 𝐓𝐢𝐦𝐞 𝐏𝐞𝐫𝐢𝐨𝐝 𝟑𝟐 𝐦𝐬
147. If the peak of a sine wave is 13 V, the peak-to-peak value is: || Sol: VP-P = 2VP = 2 × 13 = 26 V
148. A sinusoidal current has an rms value of 14 mA. The peak-to-peak value is:
Sol: I(P) = √2 × I(RMS) = √2 × 14 m = 19.799 m A
⟹ I(P-P) = 2 × 19.799 m = 39.598 m A
149. A signal with a 400 μs period has a frequency of: || Sol: f = (1 / t) ⟹ (1 / 400 μ s) = 2500 Hz
150. A sine wave of 15 kHz is changing at a faster rate than a sine wave with a frequency of:
Sol: Frequency rate is inversely proportional to original frequency by +/- 3kHz, and Lesser the amplitude more will
be changing rate, ∴ 12 KHz
151. The average value of a 12 V peak sine wave over one complete cycle is: || Answer: Zero.
152. When a sine wave has a frequency of 100 Hz in 12 s it goes through:
Sol: Cycle = (f) × (t) = (100) × (12) = 1200 cycle.
11
𝟏 𝟏
153. A sawtooth wave has a period of 10 ms. Its frequency is: || Sol: 𝒇 = = = 𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝐇𝐳
𝐭 𝟏𝟎 𝐦𝐬
154. Two series resistors are connected to an ac source. If there are 7.5 V rms across one resistor and 4.2 V rms
across the other, the peak source voltage is
Sol: V(RMS) = (7.5) + (4.2) = 11.7 V(RMS) ⟹ V(P) = (√2) × 11.7 = 16.546 V
155. If a sine wave goes through 10 cycles in 20 μs, the period is:
𝒄 𝟏𝟎 𝟏 𝟏
Sol: 𝒇 = = = 𝟎. 𝟓 𝐌𝐇𝐳 ⟹ 𝒕 = = = 𝟐 𝛍𝐬
𝐭 𝟐𝟎 𝛍𝐬 𝒇 𝟎.𝟓 𝐌
156. A square wave has a period of 60 μs. The first odd harmonic is:
𝟏 𝟏
Sol: 𝒇 = = = 𝟏𝟔. 𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟕 𝐊𝐇𝐳 ⟹ 𝟏𝟔. 𝟔𝟔𝟔𝟕 × 𝟑 𝐇𝐚𝐫𝐦𝐨𝐧𝐢𝐜𝐬 = 𝟓𝟎 𝐊𝐇𝐳
𝐭 𝟔𝟎 𝛍𝐬
157. Sine wave A has a positive-going zero crossing at 45°. Sine wave B has a positive-going zero crossing at
60°. Which of the following statements is true? || Answer: Wave A leads wave B by 15°
158. A phasor represents? || Answer: The magnitude and a quantity direction.
159. A sine wave with a period of 4 ms is changing at a faster rate than a sine wave with a period of:
𝟏
Sol:𝒇 = ⟹ 𝐂𝐡𝐨𝐨𝐬𝐞 𝐦𝐢𝐧𝐢𝐦𝐮𝐦 𝐇𝐳 𝐢𝐟 𝐲𝐨𝐮 𝐡𝐚𝐯𝐞 𝐦𝐮𝐥𝐭𝐢𝐩𝐥𝐞 𝐜𝐡𝐨𝐢𝐜𝐞 𝐚𝐟𝐭𝐞𝐫 𝐚𝐩𝐩𝐥𝐢𝐞𝐝 𝐟𝐨𝐫𝐦𝐮𝐥𝐚
𝐭
160. A waveform has a baseline of 3 V, a duty cycle of 20%, & an amplitude of 8 V. The average voltage value is:
Sol: p-p Amplitude = Amplitude-baseline = 8V-3V = 5V ⟹ 3 + (0.2 × 5) = 3 + 1 = 4V Average Voltage.
161. A sine wave with an rms value of 12 V is riding on a dc level of 18 V. The maximum value of the resulting
waveform is: || Sol: VMAX = √2× VRMS ⇒ VMAX = √2 × 12 = 16,9 V
⟹ VMAX value of V + DC level value = 16.9 + 18 = 34.9 V ≅ 35 V
162. If the rms current through a 6.8 k resistor is 8 mA, the rms voltage drop across the resistor is:
Sol: V(RMS) = I(RMS) × R ⟹ V(RMS) = (8 m) × (6.8 K) = 54.4 V
163. The average half-cycle value of a sine wave with a 40 V peak is:
Sol: Average Half Cycle Value = (2V) / (π) = (2 × 40) / π = 25.46 V
164. The duty cycle of a pulse waveform with a pulse width of 10 µs and a period of 100 µs is 25% || Answer: False.
165. The angular position of a phasor represents the angle of the sine wave with respect to a reference:
Answer: True.
166. The designation rms means repetitions measured per second: || Answer: False.
167. The unit of frequency is the hertz: || Answer: True.
168. Average value of a sine wave is 0.707 times the peak value: || Answer: False.
169. The length of a phasor represents the amplitude: || Answer: True.
170. A ramp is the type of waveform characterized by a non-linear increase or decrease in voltage or current:
Answer: False.
171. The instantaneous value is the voltage or current value of a waveform at its peak: || Answer: False
12
172. Duty cycle is the characteristic of a pulse waveform that indicates the high time versus the low time:
Answer: False.
173. Periodic is characterized by a repetition at fixed time intervals: || Answer: True.
174. Amplitude is the maximum value of a voltage or current: || Answer: True.
175. A 1 kHz signal has a period of 1 ms: || Answer: True.
13
 Inductors Part.
176. An inductance of 0.08 μ H is larger than: || Answer: 0.000000008 H
177. A 240 μ H inductor is equivalent to a: || Answer: 0.000240 H OR .240 m H
178. A 2 mH, a 3.3 mH, and a 0.2 mH inductor are connected in series. The total inductance is:
Sol: LTOTAL = L1 + L2 + L3 ⟹ LTOTAL = (2 m) + (3.3 m) + (0.2 m) = 5.5 m H
179. A 5 mH, a 4.3 mH, and a 0.6 mH inductor are connected in parallel. The total inductance is:
Sol: LTOTAL = (1 / L1) + (1 / L2) + (1 / L3) ⟹ LTOTAL = (1 / 5 m) + (1 / 4.3 m) + (1 / 0.6 m) = 0.476 m H
180. The voltage across a coil when di / dt = 20 mA / μ H and L = 8 μ H is:
di 20 m
Sol: 𝑉 = 𝐿 × ⟹ V = (8 μ) × = 160 m V
dt μ
181. A sine wave voltage is applied across an inductor. When the frequency of the voltage is decreased, the current
is: || Answer: Increased.
182. Two 10 H inductors are in parallel and the parallel combination is in series with a third 10 H inductor. What is
the approximate total reactance when a voltage with a frequency of 7 kHz is applied across the circuit
terminals? Sol: instant the switch is closed, L(Total) = (10 || 10) + 10 = 15 H
⟹ Reactance (XL) = (W) × (L) = (2 π f) × (L) ⟹ XL = (2 × π × 7 k) × (15) = 660
183. An ohmmeter is connected across an inductor and the pointer indicates zero ohms. The inductor is:
Answer: Shorted.
184. Two inductors, L1 and L2, are in parallel. L1 has a value of 25 μ H and L2 a value of 50 μ H. The parallel
combination is in series with L3, a 20 μ H coil. The entire combination is across an ac source of 60 Vrms at 300
kHz. The total rms current is: || Sol: Leq = (25 μ || 50 μ) + 20 μ = 36.667 μ H
⟹ Reactance (XL) = (W) × (L) = (2 π f) × (L) ⟹ XL = (2 × π × 300 k) × (36.667) = 69.115
⟹ I(RMS) = (60) / (69.115) = 868 m A
185. An inductor, a 1 k Ω resistor, and a switch are connected in series across a 6 V battery. At the instant the
switch is closed, the inductor voltage is: || Answer: 6 V
186. The winding resistance of a coil can be increased by: || Answer: Increasing number of turns or using thinner wire
187. An inductance of 0.43 mH is smaller than: || Answer: 0.05 H
188. An inductor and a resistor are in series with a sine wave voltage source. The frequency is set so that the
inductive reactance is equal to the resistance. If the frequency is increased, then: || Answer: VL > VR
189. The current through a 120 mH coil is changing at a rate of 150 mA / s. The voltage induced across the coil is:
di
Sol: 𝑉 = 𝐿 × ⟹ V = (120 m) × 150 m = 18 m V.
dt
190. When the current through an inductor decreases, the amount of energy stored in the electromagnetic field:
Answer: Decreases.
191. Three 15 mH inductors are in series. The total inductance is: || Answer: 45 mH
14
192. An 18 V power supply is connected across a coil with a winding resistance of 180: Sol: (18) / (180) = 100 mA
193. A switch, a 220 Ω . Current flow in the coil is: || Sol: I – (18) / (180) = 100 mA
194. A switch, a 220 Ω resistor, and a 60 mH inductor are in series across a 20 V battery. What is the current
through the inductor two time constants after the switch is closed?
Sol: TIME CONSTANT AND CURRENT RELATIONSHIP:
%0 0of max current.
1Ts 63.2% of max current.
20
2Ts 86.5% of max current. ⟹ I = = 0.090909090 ⟹ (0.090909090) × (86.5%) = 78 m A
220
3Ts 95% of max current.
4Ts 98.2% of max current.
5Ts 100% of max current.
195. A 320 μ H coil is in series with a 3.3 k Ω resistor. How long does it take for current to build up to its full value?
Sol: Full value = 5Ts 100% of max current
⟹ Time Constant (T) = ((L) / (R)) × 5 ⟹ T = ((320 μ) / (3.3 K)) × 5 = 0.48 μ s
196. Five inductors are connected in series. The lowest value is 8 μ H. If the value of each inductor is twice that of
the preceding one, and if the inductors are connected in order of ascending values, the total inductance is:
Sol: L1 = 8 μ H, L2 = L1 × 2 = 16 μ H, L3 = L2 × 2 = 32 μ H, L4 = L3 × 2 = 64 μ H, L5 = L4 × 2 = 128 μ H
⟹ Leq = (8 + 16 + 32 + 64 + 128) μ H = 248 μ H
197. The inductance of an iron-core coil decreases if: || Answer: The number of turns is decreased.
198. The following coils are in parallel: 75 μ H, 40 μ H, 25 μ H, and 15 μ H. The total inductance is approximately:
Sol: Leq = (75 || 40 || 25 || 15) μ = 6.9 μ H
199. When the current through an inductor is cut in half, the amount of energy stored in the electromagnetic field
is: || Answer: Quartered.
200. The permeability of a core material is an indication of the ability of the material to establish a magnetic field:
Answer: True.
201. XL is directly proportional to frequency and inductance: || Answer: True.
202. An induced voltage is produced as a result of a dc voltage: || Answer: False.
203. Faraday's law states that relative motion between a magnetic field and a coil induces a voltage across the
coil: || Answer: True.
204. Inductance is the property of an inductor that produces an opposition to any change in current:|| Answer: True.
205. All coil cores are made of iron: || Answer: False.
206. Inductors add in parallel: || Answer: False.
15
207. Inductance is indirectly proportional to the square of the number of turns, the permeability, and the cross
sectional area of the core: || Answer: False.
208. Energy is stored by an inductor in an electrostatic field: || Answer: False.
209. The term choke is more commonly used in connection with an inductor used to block off high frequencies:
Answer: True.
16
 RC Circuits Parts.
210. In the complex plane, the number 14 – j5 is located in the: || Answer: Fourth Quadrant.
211. Point +4 on the complex plane is: || Sol: 4 units right of the origin on the real axis.
212. A 470 Ω resistor and a 0.2 μ F capacitor are in parallel across a 2.5 kHz ac source. The admittance (Y), in
1 1 1
rectangular form, is: || Sol: Y = Z
=
R
+ jw ⟹ Y =
470
+ j(2π × 2.5 k × .2 μ) = 2.12 ms + j3.14 ms
213. A positive angle of 30° is equivalent to a negative angle of: || Answer: - 330°
214. In a series RC circuit, 12 V(rms) is measured across the resistor and 15 V(rms) is measured across the capacitor.
The rms source voltage is: || Sol: To find the rms value of RC series circuit the formula is:
⟹ V(RMS)2 = (VR)2 + (VC)2 ⟹ V(RMS) = √(12)2 + (15)2 = 19.2 V
215. A 6 kHz sinusoidal voltage is applied to a series RC circuit. The frequency of the voltage across the resistor
is: || Answer: 6 KHz
216. The voltages is measured at a certain frequency. To make the capacitor voltage greater than the resistor
voltage, the frequency: || Answer: Must be decreased.
217. In the complex plane, the number 4 + j3 is located in the: || Answer: First quadrant.
218. When the frequency of the source voltage decreases, the impedance of a parallel RC circuit:
Sol: Increases. ⟹ Z = R + XC = R + [(1) / (2 π f c)].
219. A 47 Ω resistor and a capacitor with a capacitive reactance of 120 Ω are in series across an ac source. What
is the circuit impedance, Z? || Sol: (Z)2 = (R)2 + (XC)2 ⟹ (Z) = √(47)2 + (120)2 = 129
220. What is the value of the hypotenuse of a right triangle whose sides are 12 and 18?
Sol: (Value) = √(12)2 + (18)2 = 21.63
221. The complex number 6 + j6 is equivalent to: || Answer: 8.48 ∠45°
222. In a parallel RC circuit, there is 100 mA through the resistive branch and 100 mA through the capacitive
branch. The total rms current is: || Sol: ITOTAL = I1 + I2 = 100 mA + 100 mA = 200 mA
⟹ I(RMS) = I(TOTAL) / √2 = 141.4 mA
223. An ac circuit consists of a resistor and a capacitor. To increase the phase angle above 45°, the following
condition must exist: || Answer: R < XC
224. What is the angular difference between +j4 and –j4? || Answer: 180°
225. A resistor and a capacitor are in series across a 20 V ac source. Circuit impedance is 4.33 k . Current flow
in the circuit is: || Sol: I = (20) / (4.33 K) = 4.62 mA
226. For a certain load, the true power is 150 W and the reactive power is 125 VAR. The apparent power is:
Sol: (Apparent Power)2 = (True Power)2 + (Reactive Power)2 ⟹ (AP) = √(150)2 + (125)2 = 195.3
227. When the frequency of the voltage applied to a series RC circuit is increased, the phase angle:
Answer: Decreases.
17
228. In a series RC circuit, when the frequency and the resistance are halved, the impedance:
Answer: cannot be determined without values.
229. A 2 k Ω resistor is in series with a 0.015 μ F capacitor across a 15 kHz ac source. What is the magnitude of
the total impedance and the phase angle? || Sol: Z = R - jXC = (2 K) – j (1) / [(2 π × 15 k × 0.015 μ)]
= 2121 and θ = –19.5°
230. A 12 k Ω resistor is in series with a 0.02 μ F capacitor across a 1.2 kHz ac source. If the current is expressed
in polar form as I = 0.3 0° mA, what is the source voltage expressed in polar form?
Sol: Z = R + Jxl - jXC , Hent: (Jxl = 0) ⟹ Z = (12 K) – [(j1) / (2 π × 1.2 k × 0.02 μ)] = 13.71 ∠-28.93° K
V = 0.3 m × 13.71 ∠-28.93° K = 4.113 ∠-28.93° V
231. The complex number 40 55° is equivalent to: || Sol: 22.94 + j32.76
232. A 120 Ω resistor is in parallel with a capacitor with a capacitive reactance of 40 Ω. Both components are
across a 12 V ac source. What is the magnitude of the total impedance?
Sol: ZTOTAL = [(120) || (-j40)] = 37.9
233. A 47 Ω resistor and a capacitor with 150 Ω of capacitive reactance are in series across an ac source. The
impedance, expressed in rectangular form, is: || Sol: Z = 47 Ω - j150 Ω
234. A 2 k Ω resistor and a 0.002 μ F capacitor are in series across an ac source. Current in the circuit is 6.50 mA.
The true power is: || Sol: The real power (S) depends on only resistance ⟹ P = (6.5 m)2 × (2 k) = 84.5 mW
235. When the frequency of the voltage applied to a series RC circuit is decreased, the impedance:
Answer: Increases.
236. A capacitor with 150 Ω of capacitive reactance is across an ac source. The impedance, expressed in polar
form, is: || Sol: Z = R - jXC ⟹ Z = - j150 = 150 ∠-90° Ω
237. A complex number represents a phasor quantity: || Answer: True.
238. Complex numbers can be added and subtracted but not multiplied or divided: || Answer: False.
239. The power factor (PF) indicates how much of the apparent power is true power: || Answer: True.
240. In an RC circuit, the impedance is determined by both the resistance and the capacitive reactance combined:
Answer: True.
241. The polar form of a complex number consists of a real part and a j part: || Answer: False.
242. The impedance of a series RC circuit varies directly with frequency: || Answer: False.
243. In a lag network, the output voltage lags the input voltage in phase: || Answer: True.
244. Positive numbers can be represented by points to the right of the origin on the horizontal axis of a graph:
Answer: True.
245. An imaginary number is one that exists only in the mind of the mathematician: || Answer: False.
246. The resistor voltage is always out of phase with the current: || Answer: False.
247. The circuit phase angle is the angle between the total current and the applied (source) voltage ||Answer: True.
18
248. Apparent power is expressed in watts: || Answer: False.
249. A filter passes all frequencies: || Answer: False.
250. Total current in an RC circuit always leads the source voltage: || Answer: True.
251. The capacitor voltage always leads the current by 90°: || Answer: False.
19
 RLC Circuits and Resonance Part.
253. A 10 Ω resistor, a 90 mH coil, and a 0.015 μ F capacitor are in series across an ac source. The impedance
magnitude at 1,200 Hz below fr is:
1 1
Sol: 𝑓𝑟 = = = 4331.65 Hz ⟹ f = fr - fs ⟹ f = 4331.65 – 1200 = 3131.65 Hz
(2𝜋)√(𝐿) (𝐶) (2𝜋)√(90 𝑚) (0.015 𝜇)
Z = √(𝑅)2 + ((𝑋𝐿 ) − (𝑋𝐶 ))2 ⟹ XL = (2π) (3131.65) (90 m) = 1770.9
1
⟹ XC = = 3388.1 Ω
(2π) (3131.65) (0.015 μ)
⟹ Z = √(10)2 + ((1770.9) − (3388.1))2 = 1617.2
254. In a series RLC circuit that is operating above the resonant frequency, the current:
Answer: Lags the applied voltage.
255. A 15 Ω resistor, a 220 μ F coil, and a 60 pF capacitor are in series across an ac source. What is the bandwidth
1
(2𝜋)√(220 𝜇) (60 𝑝)
of the circuit? || Sol: BW = (fr) / (Q) = 220 𝜇
= 10.85 MHz
√ 60 𝑝
15 𝑘
Other Sol: Since it is RLC series: BW = (R) / (2π L) = 10.85 MHz
256. A resistor of 3 k Ω, a 0.05 μ F capacitor, and a 120 mH coil are in series across a 5 kHz, 20 V ac source.
What is the impedance, expressed in polar form?
Sol: Z = √(𝑅)2 + ((𝑋𝐿 ) − (𝑋𝐶 ))2 ⟹ XL = (2π) (5 K) (120 m) = 3769.9
1
⟹ XC = = 636.62 Ω
(2π) (5 K) (0.05 μ)
⟹ Z = √(10)2 + ((3769.9) − (636.62))2 = 4337.9
257. A 12 Ω resistor, a 40 μ F capacitor, and an 8 mH coil are in series across an ac source. The resonant
1 1
frequency is: || Sol: 𝑓𝑟 = = = 281.35 Hz
(2𝜋)√(𝐿) (𝐶) (2𝜋)√(8 𝑚) (40 𝜇)
258. The impedance at the resonant frequency of a series RLC circuit with L = 20 mH, C = 0.02 μ F, and RW =
90 Ω is: || Sol: At resonance XL = XC and that's why XL - XC = 0, so Z = R = 90
259. A 6.8 k Ω resistor, a 7 mH coil, and a 0.02 μ F capacitor are in parallel across a 17 kHz ac source. The coil's
internal resistance, RW, is 30 Ω. The equivalent parallel resistance, Rp (eq), is:
Sol: RP(eq) = RW [(Q)2 + 1] ⟹ Q In parallel: Q = (XL) / RW ⟹ Q = 25
⟹ RP(eq) = (30) [(25)2 + 1] = 18.780 K
260. A 200 Ω resistor, a coil with 30 Ω of reactance, and a capacitor of unknown reactance are in series across an
ac source. The circuit is at resonance. Circuit impedance: || Answer: Z = R = 200
261. If the resistance in parallel with a parallel resonant circuit is reduced, the bandwidth: || Answer: Decreases.
20
262. A 90 Ω resistor, a coil with 30 Ω of reactance, and a capacitor with 50 Ω of reactance are in series across a
12 V ac source. The current through the resistor is:
Sol: Z = √(𝑅)2 + ((𝑋𝐿 ) − (𝑋𝐶 ))2 ⟹ Z = √(90)2 + ((30) − (50))2 = 92.195
⟹ I = (12) / (92.195) = 130 mA
263. A resonant circuit has a lower critical frequency of 7 kHz and an upper critical frequency of 13 kHz. The
bandwidth of the circuit is: || Sol: BW = 13 K – 7 K = 6 KHz
264. If the value of C in a series RLC circuit is decreased, the resonant frequency: || Answer: Increases.
265. A 24 Ω resistor, an inductor with a reactance of 120 Ω, and a capacitor with a reactance of 120 Ω are in series
across a 60 V source. The circuit is at resonance. The voltage across the inductor is:
Sol: Z = R = 24 ⟹ I = (60) / (24) = 2.5 A ⟹ V(Inductor) = (2.5) × (120) = 300 V
266. To tune a parallel resonant circuit to a higher frequency, the capacitance should be: || Answer: Decreased.
267. A certain series resonant circuit has a bandwidth of 2 kHz. If the existing coil is replaced with one having a
higher value of Q, the bandwidth will: || Answer: Decrease.
268. In a certain series resonant circuit, VC = 125 V, VL = 125 V, and VR = 40 V. The value of the source voltage
is: || Sol: For resonance, VL = VC ⟹ VS = VR = 40 V
269. A 9 mH coil is in parallel with a 0.015 μ F capacitor across an 18 kHz ac source. The coil's internal
resistance, RW, is 60 Ω. The circuit impedance is: || Sol: Z = [(RW)2 + (XL)2)] / RW = 17327
270. A 15 Ω resistor, an inductor with 8 Ω inductive reactance, and a capacitor with 12 Ω capacitive reactance are
in parallel across an ac voltage source. The circuit impedance is:
1
Sol: For Parallel ⟹ 𝑍 = 2 2
= 12.72 Ω
√( 1 ) +(1 − 1 )
15 8 12
271. A certain series RLC circuit with a 200 Hz, 15 V ac source has the following values: R = 12 Ω, C = 80 μ F,
and L = 10 mH. The total impedance, expressed in polar form, is:
Sol: Z = √(𝑅)2 + ((𝑋𝐿 ) − (𝑋𝐶 ))2 ⟹ XL = (2π) (200) (10 m) = 12.566
1
⟹ XC = = 9.947 Ω
(2π) (200) (80 μ)
⟹ Z = √(10)2 + ((12.566) − (9.947))2 = 12.283
272. Resonance is a condition in a series RLC circuit in which the capacitive and inductive reactances are equal
in magnitude: || Answer: True.
273. In a series RLC circuit, the larger reactance determines the net reactance of the circuit: || Answer: True.
274. The reactive voltages, VL and VC, cancel at resonance: || Answer: True.
275. The quality factor (Q) is the ratio of true power to apparent power: || Answer: False.
276. In a parallel RLC circuit, the smaller reactance determines the net reactance of the circuit: || Answer: True.
277. In a series RLC circuit, the current is minimum at resonance: || Answer: False.
21
278. At series resonance, the inductive reactance and capacitive reactance are never equal: || Answer: False.
279. A lower Q produces a narrower bandwidth: || Answer: False.
280. A series resonant circuit is commonly called a tank circuit: || Answer: False.
281. XL and XC have opposing effects in an RLC circuit: || Answer: True.
22
 Circuit Theorems in AC Analysis Part.
282. Find:
A. VTH for the circuit external to RL in the given figure:
Sol: Z = R + XL - XC ⟹ Z = (90 + j45) = 100.6 ∠ 26.565° Ω
⟹ I = (30) / (100.6 ∠26.565°) = 0.298 ∠- 26.565° A
⟹ VTH = I (RTH + RL), XL = RTH ⟹ VTH = (0.298 ∠- 26.565°) (j45) = 13.416 ∠ 63.435° V
B. VTH when R1 is 180 Ω and XL is 90 Ω:
Sol: Z = R + XL - XC ⟹ Z = (180 + j90) = 201.246 ∠ 26.565° Ω, ⟹ I = (30) / (100.6 ∠26.565°) = 0.149 ∠- 26.565° A
⟹ VTH = I (RTH + RL), XL = RTH ⟹ VTH = (0.149 ∠- 26.565°) (j90) = 13.416 ∠ 63.435° V
283. For the circuit shown:
A. Determine VTH for the circuit external to RL:
Sol: We write equation for loop 1 (branch with the inductor), and loop
2 (the branch with the capacitor and R after removing RL)
⟹ Loop 1: (I1) (XL) = 6V
⟹ Loop 2: I2 (15 K - j12 K) = 6 ⟹ I2 = 0.312 ∠ 38.66° mA (since we

are interested Vth across R, we can find I2, then find the voltage
across R. Because RL is in parallel with R, the voltage across R is the same as VTH)
∴ VTH = (I2) (R) ⟹ VTH = (0.312 ∠ 38.66° m) (15 K) = 4.68 ∠ 38.66° V
B. VTH when VS = 12 ∠0°:
Sol: Loop 2: I2 (15 K - j12 K) = 6 ⟹ I2 = 0.625 ∠ 38.66° mA
⟹ VTH = (I2) (R) ⟹ VTH = (0.625 ∠ 38.66° m) (15 K) = 9.37 ∠ 38.66° V
C. Referring to the given circuit, L: || Answer: Has no effect on the result
A. ZTH if R is 15 k Ω and RL is 38 k Ω:
Sol: ZTH = (XC) || (R) ⟹ ZTH = 9.37 ∠ -51.34° K Ω
B. Determine ZTH for the portion of the circuit external to RL:
Sol: ZTH = (XC) || (R) ⟹ ZTH = 6.66 ∠ -33.69° K Ω
C. Referring to the given circuit, find ZTH if VS is 18 0° V, L: ||

Answer: ZTH = 6.66 ∠ -33.69° K Ω
23
A. ZTH if R is 15 k Ω and RL is 38 k Ω:
Sol: ZTH = (XL) || (R) ⟹ ZTH = 46 ∠ 77.9° Ω
Sol: ZTH = (XL) || (R) ⟹ ZTH = 43.76 ∠ 68.6° Ω
A. Determine the frequency at which the maximum power is transferred

from the amplifier to the speaker:
1 1
Sol: 𝑓𝑟 = = = 1027 Hz
(2𝜋)√(𝐿) (𝐶) (2𝜋)√(120 𝑚) (0.2 𝜇)
B. How much power, in watts, is delivered to the speaker at the

determined frequency if VS = 4.5 VRMS?
(𝑉)2 (4.5)2
Sol: 𝑃𝑀𝐴𝑋 = = = 421.9 mW
4 𝑅𝑇𝐻 (4) ×(12)
A. Determine ZTH as seen by RL if R1 is changed to 3.3 k Ω:
Sol: Zeq1 = (R1) + (XC1) ⟹ Zeq2 = (Zeq1) || (XC2)
ZTH = Zeq2 + R2 = 1.829 ∠ -50.193° K Ω
Sol: Zeq1 = (R1) + (XC1) ⟹ Zeq2 = (Zeq1) || (XC2)
ZTH = Zeq2 + R2 = 1.444 ∠ -48.576° K Ω
C. Determine VTH if R1 is changed to 3.3 k Ω:
Sol: Loop: -12 + (3.3 k – j2 k – j2 k) I ⟹ I = 2.314 ∠ 50.5° mA … ⟹ VTH = (2.314 m) ( - j2 k) = 4.62 ∠ -39.5° Ω
D. Determine the Thevenin voltage as seen by RL:
Sol: Loop: -12 + (1.2 k – j2 k – j2 k) I ⟹ I = 2.87 ∠ 73.3° mA ⟹ VTH = (2.87 ∠ 73.3°) ( - j2 k) = 5.75 ∠ -16.7° Ω
24
288. The Norton equivalent current is: || Answer: Short circuit current.
289. The Thevenin equivalent voltage is: || Answer: open circuit voltage.
290. The two basic components of a Thevenin equivalent ac circuit are:
Answer: The equivalent voltage source and the equivalent series impedance
291. In applying the superposition theorem:
Answer: The sources are considered one at a time with all others replaced by their internal impedance
292. If two currents are in the same direction at any instant of time in a given branch of a circuit, the net current at
that instant: || Answer: Is the sum of the two currents.
293. In order to get maximum power transfer from a capacitive source, the load must:
Answer: Have an impedance that is the complex conjugate of the source impedance
294. Norton's theorem gives: || Answer: An equivalent current source in parallel with an equivalent impedance.
295. One circuit is equivalent to another, in the context of Thevenin's theorem, when the circuits produce the same
voltage: || Answer: False.
296. Norton's theorem provides a method for the reduction of any ac circuit to an equivalent form consisting of an
equivalent voltage source in series with an equivalent impedance: || Answer: False.
297. A Thevenin ac equivalent circuit always consists of an equivalent ac voltage source and an equivalent
capacitance: || Answer: False.
298. The superposition theorem is useful for circuit analysis only in ac circuits: || Answer: False.
299. An equivalent circuit is one that produces the same voltage and current to a given load as the original circuit
that it replaces: || Answer: True.
300. In an ac circuit, power to the load peaks at the frequency at which the load impedance is the complex
conjugate of the output impedance: || Answer: True.
301. In order to get maximum power transfer from a capacitive source, the load must have an impedance that is
the complex conjugate of the source impedance: || Answer: True.
302. Thevenin's theorem provides a method for the reduction of any ac circuit to an equivalent form consisting of
an equivalent current source in parallel with an equivalent impedance: || Answer: False.
303. The superposition theorem is useful for the analysis of single-source circuits: || Answer: False.
304. Like Thevenin's theorem, Norton's theorem provides a method of reducing a more complex circuit to a simpler,
more manageable form for analysis: || Answer: True.
25
 Three-Phase Systems in Power Applications Part.
305. In a three-phase system, the voltages are separated by: || Answer: 120°.
306. In a three-phase system, when the loads are perfectly balanced, the neutral current is: || Answer: Zero.
307. n a ∆ - connected source driving a ∆ - connected load, the:
Answer: load voltage, line voltage, and source phase voltage are all equal for a given phase.
308. In a certain three-wire Y-connected generator, the phase voltages are 2 kV. The magnitudes of the line
voltages are: || Sol: VL = (V∅) (√3) ⟹ VL = 3464 V
309. In a ∆ - connected source feeding a Y-connected load:
Answer: Each phase voltage equals the difference of the corresponding load voltages.
310. In a Y-Y source/load configuration, the:
Answer: Phase current, the line current, and the load current are all equal in each phase.
311. In a Y-connected circuit, the magnitude of each line current is: || Answer: Equal corresponding phase current.
312. A constant load power means a uniform conversion of: || Answer: Electrical to mechanical energy.
313. A two-phase generator is connected to two 90 load resistors. Each coil generates 120 V ac. A common
neutral line exists. How much current flows through the common neutral line?
(120)(120)
Sol: Double Phase ⟹ I(NL) =
(90)(90)
= 1.777 A
314. A single-phase sinusoidal voltage of 120 V is connected to a 90 load. Current in the circuit is:
(120)
Sol: I(NL) =
(90)
= 1.333 A
315. A three-phase generator is connected to three 90 load resistors. Each coil generates 120 V ac. A common
neutral line exists. How much current flows through the common neutral line? || Sol: Zero (Balanced circuit).
316. Compare the total copper cross sections in terms of current-carrying capacity for a single-phase and a three-
phase 120 V system with effective load resistance of 15 || Sol: 3-∅ = 8 A ⟹ 1-∅ = (2) (3-∅) = (2) (8) 16A
317. If in a Y-connected ac generator, each phase voltage has a magnitude of 90 VRMS, what is the magnitude of
each line voltage? || Sol: VL = (V∅) (√3) ⟹ VL = 155.88 V
318. Polyphase generators produce simultaneous multiple sinusoidal voltages that are separated by:
Answer: Certain constant phase angles.
319. In a balanced three-phase load, each phase has: || Answer: An equal amount of power.
320. The most common type of ac motor is the: || Answer: Three-phase induction motor.
321. In a Y - connected source feeding a ∆ - connected load:
Answer: Each phase of the load has the full line voltage across it.
322. In a ∆ - connected generator, all of the phase voltages are: || Answer: Equal in magnitude.
26
323. In a certain Y-Y system, the source phase currents each have a magnitude of 9 A. The magnitude of each
load current for a balanced load condition is: || Answer: 9A.
Hint: IN Y CONNECTION: 1) Line Voltage = √3 × Phase Voltage. 2) Line Current = Phase Current.
IN DELTA CONNECTION: 1) Line Voltage = Phase Voltage. 2) Line Current =√3 × Phase Current
324. A three-phase ∆ - connected generator is driving a balanced load such that each phase current is 12 A in
magnitude. When I θa = 12 30° A, what are the polar expressions for the other phase currents?
Sol: I θb = 12 ∠150° A, I θc = 12∠–90° A
325. In a Y-connected circuit, between each line voltage and the nearest phase voltage, there is a phase angle of:
Answer: 30° (Phase to phase is 120°, Phase to line is 30°).
326. In a ∆ - connected generator, there is a 120° difference between each line current and the nearest phase
current: || Answer: False.
327. Power is measured in a three-phase load by using an ammeter: || Answer: False.
328. Polyphase is characterized by two or more sinusoidal voltages, each having a different phase angle:
Answer: True.
329. In a Y - connected generator, there is a 120° difference between each line voltage and the nearest phase
voltage: || Answer: False.
330. A simple three-phase generator consists of three conductive loops separated by 120°: || Answer: True.
331. A balanced load is one in which all the impedances are equal: || Answer: True.
332. The term squirrel-cage applies to a type of three-phase ac generator: || Answer: True.
333. A simple two-phase generator consists of two conductive loops separated by 90°, rotating in a magnetic field:
Answer: True
334. An alternator is an electromechanical ac generator: || Answer: False.
335. The stator is the rotating assembly in a generator or motor: || Answer: False.
27
 Voltage, Current and Resistance Part.
336. Materials with lots of free electrons are called: || Answer: Conductors.
337. he unit of electrical charge is the: || Answer: Coulomb.
338. Current flows in a circuit when: || Answer: A switch is closed.
339. The minimum resistance value for a blue, gray, red, silver resistor is: || Answer: 6120
340. The maximum resistance value for a brown, red, yellow, gold resistor is: || Answer: 126000
341. One of the following is not a type of energy source (Generator, Rheostat, Solar Cell, Battery)||Answer:Rheostat
342. When placed close together, two positively charged materials will: || Answer: Repel.
343. The conductance of an 8 ohm resistance is: || Sol: C = (1) / (R) ⟹ C = 125 m s.
344. Electrons in the outer orbit are called: || Answer: Valences.
345. A thermistor is a type of: || Answer: Resistor.
346. A two-terminal variable resistor is known as a: || Answer: Rheostat.
347. Eight-tenths coulomb passes a point in 4 s. The current in amperes is: || Sol: I = (Q) / (T) = (0.8) / 4 = 0.2A
348. When the current is 2.5 A, how many coulombs pass a point in 0.2 s? || Sol: Q = (I) × (T) ⟹ Q = 0.5 C
349. The colored bands for a 4,700 ohm resistor with a ten percent tolerance are:
Answer: Yellow, Violet, Red, Silver.
350. A material that does not allow current under normal conditions is: || Answer: Insulator.
351. The unit of electrical charge is the: || Answer: Coulomb.
352. A multimeter measures: || Answer: Current, Voltage, and Resistance.
353. If there is 6 A of current through the filament of a lamp, how many coulombs of charge move through the
filament in 1.75 s? || Sol: Q = (I) × (T) ⟹ Q =(6) × (1.75) = 10.5 C.
354. A wiper is the sliding contact in a: || Answer: Potentiometer.
355. A neutral atom with an atomic number of five has how many electrons? || Answer: 5
356. A circuit breaker is a: || Answer: Resettable protective device.
357. An ammeter is an electrical instrument used to measure: || Answer: Current.
358. A red, red, orange, gold resistor has a nominal value of: || Answer: 22000 .
359. An ohmmeter is an instrument for measuring: || Answer: Resistance.
360. The current in a given circuit is not to exceed 24 A. Which value of fuse is best? || Answer: 24 A.
361. The nominal value of a brown, black, yellow, and gold resistor is 100,000 ohms: || Answer: True.
362. An ammeter is connected across the current path: || Answer: False.
363. Free electrons make current possible: || Answer: True.
364. A potentiometer is a two-terminal variable resistor: || Answer: False.
28
365. The atomic number is the number of neutrons in the nucleus: || Answer: False.
366. A free electron is a valence electron that has broken away from its parent atom: || Answer: True.
367. Resistance limits the current: || Answer: True.
368. An open circuit is one that has a complete current path: || Answer: False.
369. A neutral atom is one with an equal number of protons and electrons: || Answer: True.
370. A voltmeter is connected across the current path: || Answer: True.
29
 Energy and Power Part.
371. A 33 half-watt resistor and a 330 half-watt resistor are connected across a 12 V source. Which one(s)
will overheat? || Sol: P = (V)2 / (R) ⟹ PR1 = 4.36 W, PR2 = 0.436 W ∴ R = 33 Is Overheat.
372. When the pointer of an analog ohmmeter reads close to zero, the resistor being measured is:||Answer: Shorted
373. In 0.025 W, there are: || Answer: 25 mW.
374. A certain appliance uses 350 W. If it is allowed to run continuously for 24 days, how many kilowatt-hours of
energy does it consume? || Sol: E = (Hours Day) (Total Days) (P) = (24) (24) (350) = 201.6 kWh.
375. A power supply produces a 0.6 W output with an input of 0.7 W. Its percentage of efficiency is: || Answer: 85%
376. A given power supply is capable of providing 6 A for 3.5 h. Its ampere-hour rating is: Sol: Ah= (3.5) (6) =21 Ah
377. A 15 V source is connected across a 12 resistor. How much energy is used in three minutes?
Sol: P = [(V)2 / (R)] × [(# Minutes) / (60)] ⟹ P = 0.938 Wh.
378. At the end of a 14 day period, your utility bill shows that you have used 18 kWh. What is your average daily
power? || Sol: PDailly = (18 k) / (14) = 1.286 kWh.
379. A 120 resistor must carry a maximum current of 25 mA. Its rating should be at least:
Sol: To have PMAX, We need peak ⟹ Ipeak = (25 m) (√2) ⟹ PMAX = (Ipeak)2 (R) = 150 mW.
380. If you used 400 W of power for 30 h, you have used: || Sol: (400) (30) = 12 kWh.
381. A 6 V battery is connected to a 300 load. Under these conditions, it is rated at 40 Ah. How long can it supply
current to the load? || Sol: Ampere(A) x hour (T) = [(V) / (R)] x hour (T) ⟹ 40 = (6/300) X T ⟹ T =2000 h
382. If you used 600 W of power for 60 h, you have used: || Answer: 36 kWh.
383. How many watt-hours represent 65 W used for 18 h? || Answer: 1170 Wh.
384. Three hundred joules of energy are consumed in 15 s. The power is:|| Sol: P = (E) / (T)= (300) / (15)= 20 W
385. How much continuous current can be drawn from a 60 Ah battery for 14 h? ||Answer: 4.286 A
386. A 75 load uses 2 W of power. The output voltage of the power supply is approximately: || Answer: 12.25 V
387. The joule is a unit of energy: || Answer: True.
388. Power rating is related to resistance value: || Answer: False.
389. The power rating of a resistor determines the minimum power that it can handle safely: || Answer: False.
390. The capacity of a battery is measured in milliamperes: || Answer: False.
391. Energy is equal to power multiplied by voltage: || Answer: False.
392. Watt's law states the relationships of power to energy: || Answer: False.
393. The watt is the unit of power: || Answer: True.

394. A resistor normally opens when it burns out: || Answer: True.
395. Energy equals power multiplied by time: || Answer: True.

396. A battery is one type of power supply that converts chemical energy into electrical energy: || Answer: True.
30
 Parallel Circuits Part.
397. An ammeter has an internal resistance of 50 . The meter movement itself can handle up to 1 mA. If 10 mA
is applied to the meter, the shunt resistor, RSH1, is approximately:
Sol: Rsh = Rm / (m-1), Where as:
Rm = Meter Resistance = 50 ,,, m = Multiplying Factor = [(10 mA) / (1m A)] = 10
⟹ Rsh = [(50) / (10-1)] = 5.5
398. The total resistance of a parallel circuit is 50 . If the total current is 120 mA, the current through the
270 resistor that makes up part of the parallel circuit is approximately:
Sol: V = (120 m) × (50) = 6 V ⟹ I270 = [(6) / (270)] = 22.22 mA
399. The currents into a junction flow along two paths. One current is 4 A and the other is 3 A. The total current
out of the junction is: || Answer: 7 A.
400. When an additional resistor is connected across an existing parallel circuit, the total resistance:
Answer: Decreases.
401. When a 1.6 k resistor and a 120 resistor are connected in parallel, the total resistance is:
Answer: less than 120 Ω but greater than 100 Ω
402. If there are a total of 120 mA into a parallel circuit consisting of three branches, and two of the branch currents
are 40 mA and 10 mA, the third branch current is: || Sol: ITotal = I1 + I2 + I3 ⟹ I3 = 120m – 40m – 10m = 70mA
403. Three lights are connected in parallel across a 120 volt source. If one light burns out
Answer: The remaining two will glow with the same brightness as before.
404. Four equal-value resistors are connected in parallel, 10 volts are applied across the parallel circuit and 2 mA
10
are measured from the source. The value of each resistor is: || Sol: R = 2 m = 20 k Ω
( )
4
405. A set of Christmas tree lights is connected in parallel across a 110 V source. The filament of each light bulb
110
is 1.8 k . The current through each bulb is approximately: || Sol: I =
(1.8 k)
= 61.11 mA
406. The power dissipation in each of four parallel branches is 1.2 W, the total power dissipation is|| Answer: 4.8W
407. Four resistors of equal value are connected in parallel. If the total voltage is 15 V and the total resistance is
15
600 , the current through each parallel resistor is: || Sol: ITOTAL =
(600)
= 25 mA ⟹ (25 m) / 4 = 6.26 mA
408. Five 100 resistors are connected in parallel, If one resistor is removed, the total resistance is:||Answer: 25
409. Four 8 speakers are connected in parallel to the output of an audio amplifier. If the maximum voltage to the
(12)2
speakers is 12 V, the amplifier must be able to deliver to the speakers: || Sol: P = 8 = 72 W
( )
4
410. A sudden increase in the total current into a parallel circuit may indicate:|| Answer: An increase in source voltage
31
411. In a certain three-branch parallel circuit, R1 has 12 mA through it, R2 has 15 mA through it, and R3 has 25 mA
through it. After measuring a total of 27 mA, you can say that: || Answer: R3 is open.
412. Four resistors are connected in parallel. Fifteen mA flows through resistor R. If the second resistor is 2R, the
third resistor 3R, and the fourth resistor 4R, the total current in the circuit is:
Sol: When resistance increases current decrease.
I1=15--->R
I2=15/2---->2R
I3=15/3----->3R
I4=15/4------>4R
ITOTAL = I1 + I2 + I3 + I4 = 31.25 mA
413. If one of the resistors in a parallel circuit is removed, the total resistance: || Answer: Increases.
414. Six resistors are in parallel. The two lowest-value resistors are both 1.2 k . The total resistance:
Answer: Less than 600 .
415. In a five-branch parallel circuit, there are 12 mA of current in each branch. If one of the branches opens, the
current in each of the other four branches is: || Answer: 12 m A.
416. The sum of the currents into a junction is equal to the sum of the currents out of that junction: || Answer: True.
417. When an open circuit occurs in a parallel branch, the total resistance decreases: || Answer: False.
418. Parallel resistors are connected between the same two points: || Answer: True.
419. In a parallel circuit, the branch with the lowest resistance has the most current: || Answer: True.
420. The number of current paths equals the number of resistors in parallel: || Answer: True.
421. The total resistance for two resistors in parallel is equal to the sum of the two resistors: || Answer: False.
422. The total current divides among parallel resistors in a manner directly proportional to the resistance values:
Answer: False.
423. A parallel circuit acts as a current divider: || Answer: True.
424. Addition of resistors in parallel increases total resistance and decreases total current: || Answer: False.
425. Total power in a parallel circuit is found by adding up the power of all the individual resistors: || Answer: True.
32
 Magnetism and Electromagnetism - General Questions Part.
426. When the speed at which a conductor is moved through a magnetic field is increased, the induced voltage:
Answer: Increases.
427. The induced voltage across a coil with 250 turns that is located in a magnetic field that is changing at a rate
of 8 Wb/s is: || Sol: V = N × (d / dt) ⟹ V= (250) × (8) = 2 Kv.
428. For a given wirewound core, an increase in current through the coil: || Answer: Increases the flux density.
429. If the cross-sectional area of a magnetic field increases, but the flux remains the same, the flux density: ||
Answer: Decreases.
430. When the current through the coil of an electromagnet reverses, the:
Answer: Direction of the magnetic field reverses.
431. What is the reluctance of a material that has a length of 0.07 m, a cross-sectional area of 0.014 m2, and a
permeability of 4,500 Wb/At × m?
Sol: S = (L) / [(u) × (A)], Where: S = Reluctance, l = length, u = permeability, A = Area
⟹ S = (0.07) / [(4500) × (0.014)] = 1111 At / Wb
432. A coil of wire is placed in a changing magnetic field. If the number of turns in the coil is decreased, the voltage
induced across the coil will: || Answer: Decreases.
433. What is the flux density when the flux is 5.5 μ Wb and the cross-sectional area is 6 × 10–3 m2?
Sol: B = (Q) / (A), Where: B = Flux Density, Q = Flux, A = Area
⟹ B = (5.5 μ) / (6 m) = 916.6667 μ T
434. What is the flux density in a magnetic field in which the flux in 0.1 m2 is 600 μ Wb?
Sol: B = (600 μ) / (0.1 m) = 6000 μ T
435. The unit for reluctance is: || Answer: At / Wb
436. The unit for permeability is: || Answer: Wb / At × m
437. If the steel disk in a crankshaft position sensor has stopped with the tab in the magnet's air gap, the induced
voltage: || Answer: Zero.
438. There is 900 mA of current through a wire with 40 turns. What is the reluctance of the circuit if the flux is
400 μWb? || Sol: S = (mmf (F)) / (Q), = (NI) / (Q) ⇒ S = [(40) × (900 m)] / (400 μ) ⟹ S = 90000 At / Wb
439. A basic one-loop dc generator is rotated at 90 rev/s. How many times each second does the dc output voltage
peak (reach maximum)?
Answer: 1 cycle is completed in 1 revolution. And in 1 cycle it obtains 2 times max value. Therefore 2 × 90 = 180
440. What is the magnetomotive force in a 75-turn coil of wire when there are 4 A of current through it?
Sol: F = N I = (75) (4) = 300 At
441. The direction of a magnetic field within a magnet is: || Answer: From south to north.
442. When the north poles of two bar magnets are brought close together, there will be:||Answer: A force of repulsion
33
443. The ability of a material to remain magnetized after removal of the magnetizing force is known as:
Answer: Retentivity.
444. The voltage induced across a certain coil is 200 mV. A 120 resistor is connected to the coil terminals. The
induced current is: || Answer: I = (200 m) / (120) = 1.66667 m A
445. The induced voltage across a stationary conductor in a stationary magnetic field is: || Answer: Zero.
446. An electromagnetic field exists only when there is: || Answer: Current.
447. When a solenoid is activated, the force that moves the plunger is: || Answer: An Electromagnetic Field.
448. What is the magnetomotive force (mmf) of a wire with 8 turns carrying three amperes of current?
Sol: F = N I = (8) (3) = 24 At
449. If a loop in a basic dc generator suddenly begins rotating at a faster speed, the induced voltage:
Answer: Increases.
450. Lenz's law defines the polarity of the induced voltage: || Answer: True.
451. A magnetic field is made up of flux lines: || Answer: True.
452. Hysteresis is the number of lines of force per unit area in a magnetic field: || Answer: False.
453. If a conductor is moved back and forth at a constant rate in a constant magnetic field, the voltage in the
conductor will reverse polarity: || Answer: True.
454. Materials with a low retentivity do not retain a magnetic field very well: || Answer: True.
455. Electromagnetic induction is the force that produces a magnetic field: || Answer: False.
456. The tesla is the unit of magnetic flux: || Answer: False.
457. Ampere-turn is the unit of magnetomotive force (mmf): || Answer: True.
458. A relay is an electromagnetically controlled mechanical device in which electrical contacts are opened or
closed by a magnetizing current: || Answer: True.
459. Reluctance in a magnetic circuit is analogous to current in an electrical circuit: || Answer: False.
34
 Capacitors Part.
460. A 10 μ F, 20 μ F, 22 μ F, and 100 μ F capacitor are in parallel. The total capacitance is:
Sol: CTOTAL = (10 + 20 + 22 + 100) = 152 μ F
461. A capacitor and a resistor are connected in series to a sine wave generator. The frequency is set so that the
capacitive reactance is equal to the resistance and, thus, an equal amount of voltage appears across each
component. If the frequency is increased: || Answer: VR > VC
462. What is the capacitance when Q = 60 μ C and V = 12 V? || Sol: C = (Q) / (V) = (60 μ) / (12) = 5 μ F
463. A 0.47 μ F capacitor is across a 2 kHz sine wave signal source. The capacitive reactance is:
1 1
Sol: XC =
(2 π ) (𝑓)(𝐶)
= (2 = 169 .3
π ) (2 𝑘)(0.47 𝜇)
464. Which of the following capacitors is polarized? || Answer: Electrolytic.
465. A 220 resistor is in series with a 2.2 μ F capacitor. The time constant is:
Sol: t = R C = (220) (2.2 μ) = 484 μ s
466. A 4.7 M resistor is in series with a 0.015 F capacitor. The combination is across a 12 V source. How long
does it take the capacitor to fully charge? || Sol: At Fully Charge: C =5 R C =(5) (4.7 M) (0.015 μ)= 352.5 ms
467. A sine wave voltage is applied across a capacitor. When the frequency of the voltage is decreased, the
current: || Answer: Decreases.
468. Of the following capacitors, which one has the highest dielectric constant? || Answer: Glass.
469. A 12 kHz voltage is applied to a 0.33 μ F capacitor, and 200 mA of rms current is measured. What is the
1
value of the voltage? || Sol: XC = = 40 Ω ⟹ V = (200 m) ( 40) = 8 V
(2 π ) (12 𝑘)(0.33 𝜇)
470. Two series capacitors (one 2 μ F, the other of unknown value) are charged from a 24 V source. The 2 μ F
capacitor is charged to 16 V and the other to 8 V. The value of the unknown capacitor is:
Sol: Q = (C1) × (V1) = (2 μ) × (16) = 32 μ F ⟹ C2 = (Q) / (V2) = (32 μ) / (8) = 4 μ F
471. A 330 pF capacitor and a 220 pF capacitor are each connected across a 6 V dc source. The voltage across
the 330 pF capacitor is: || Answer: 6 V
472. When the plate area of a capacitor increases: || Answer: The capacitance increases.
473. When the voltage across a capacitor is tripled, the stored charge: || Answer: Triples.
474. Two 0.68 μ F capacitors are connected in series across a 10 kHz sine wave signal source. The total capacitive
1
reactance is: || Sol: XC1 = XC2 = = 23.4 Ω ⟹ XC(TOTAL) = 23.4 × 2 = 46.8
(2 π ) (10 𝑘)(0.68 𝜇)
475. An uncharged capacitor and a 1 k resistor are connected in series with a switch and a 6 V battery. At the
instant the switch is closed, the voltage across the capacitor is:||Answer: 0, Because C takes some time charge.
476. XC is inversely proportional to frequency and capacitance: || Answer: True.
477. Voltage leads current by 90° in a capacitor: || Answer: False.
35
478. The dielectric constant is the ability of a material to establish an electric field: || Answer: True.
479. Total parallel capacitance is less than that of the smallest capacitor in parallel: || Answer: False.
480. The ohm is the unit of capacitance: || Answer: False.
481. Five time constants are required for a capacitor to charge fully or discharge fully: || Answer: True.
482. apacitance is directly proportional to plate area and plate separation: || Answer: False.
483. The true power in a capacitor is zero: || Answer: True.
484. A capacitor blocks ac but passes dc: || Answer: False.
485. Energy is stored by a capacitor in a magnetic field: || Answer: False.
36
 Transformers Part.
486. What kVA rating is required for a transformer that must handle a maximum load current of 8 A with a
secondary voltage of 2 kV? || Sol: S = V I = (2 K) (8) = 16 KVA
487. The turns ratio required to match an 80 source to a 320 load is:
Load Impedance 320

Sol: Turns Ratio (N) = √ = √ = 2
Source Impedance 80
488. When the turns ratio of a transformer is 20 and the primary ac voltage is 12 V, the secondary voltage is:
VS VS
Sol: Turns Ratio (N) = ⟹ 20 = ⟹ VS = 240 V
VP 12
489. If a transformer has 50 turns in the primary winding and 10 turns in the secondary winding, what is the
reflective resistance if the secondary load resistance is 250 ?
𝑁2 Load Impedance 10 250

Sol: Ratio (N) = =√ ⟹ = √ ⟹ R1 = 6250
𝑁1 Source Impedance 50 R 1
490. The mutual inductance (M) when Coefficient of coupling (k) = 0.65, L1 = 2 μ H, and L2 = 5 μ H is:
M M
Sol: K = ⟹ 0.65 = ⟹M=2μH
√(L1 )(L2 ) √(2 μ)(5 μ)
491. If 25 W of power are applied to the primary of an ideal transformer with a turns ratio of 10, the power delivered
to the secondary load is: || Answer: 25 W, Hence input power = output power, for ideal transformer.
492. A transformer with a 110 V primary has a 15:1 turns ratio. The load resistance, RL, is 120 . What is the
NS VS 1 VS
approximate voltage across the load? || Sol: = ⟹ = ⟹ VS = 7.3 V
NP VP 15 110
493. In a certain loaded transformer, the secondary voltage is one-fourth the primary voltage. The secondary
current is: || Answer: Four times the primary current.
494. A certain transformer has a turns ratio of 1 and a 0.85 coefficient of coupling. When 2 V ac is applied to the
VS VS
primary, the secondary voltage is: || Sol: K = ⟹ 0.85 = ⟹ VS = 1.7 V
VP 2
495. The primary winding of a power transformer should always be: || Answer: Fused.
496. A transformer is: || Answer: Steps up or down ac voltages.
497. When a 200 load resistor is connected across the secondary winding of a transformer with a turns ratio of
4, the source "sees" a reflective load of: || Answer: 12.5
498. The primary of a transformer is connected to a 6 V battery. The turns ratio is 1:3 and the secondary load, RL,
is 100 . The voltage across the load is:
Answer: zero, Because Transformer work only with AC and pulsating DC. But battery will provide pure DC so
secondary voltage will be zero.
499. In a certain transformer, the input power to the primary is 120 W. If 8.5 W are lost to the winding resistance,
what is the output power to the load, neglecting any other issues? || Sol: Pout = 120 – 8.5 = 111.5 W
37
500. If the voltage is stepped up, the current is stepped down, and vice versa: || Answer: True.
501. A step-down transformer has a turns ratio less than 1: || Answer: True.
502. A transformer responds only to dc: || Answer: False.
503. The primary is the winding connected to the source, and the secondary is the winding connected to the load:
Answer: True.
504. A transformer consists of two or more cores that are electrically coupled on a common core: || Answer: False.
505. A reflective load is a load as it appears to the source in the primary of a transformer: || Answer: True.
506. A step-up transformer steps up power: || Answer: False.
507. A transformer changes ac to dc: || Answer: False.
508. A center tap (CT) is a connection at the midpoint of the secondary winding of a transformer: || Answer: True.
509. An autotransformer is one in which the primary and secondary are automatically coupled: || Answer: False.
38
 RL Circuits Part.
510. The voltages in Problem 5 are measured at a certain frequency. To make the resistor voltage less than the
inductor voltage, the frequency is: || Answer: Increased.
511. To increase the current in a series RL circuit, the frequency: || Answer: Should be decreased.
512. When the frequency is decreased, the impedance of a parallel RL circuit: || Answer: Decreased.
513. When the frequency of the voltage applied to a series RL circuit is decreased, the impedance:
Answer: Decreased
514. When the resistor voltage in a series RL circuit becomes less than the inductor voltage, the phase angle:
Answer: Increases.
515. When the frequency of the voltage applied to a series RL circuit is increased, the phase angle:
Answer: Increases.
516. If the frequency is halved and the resistance is doubled, the impedance of a series RL circuit:|| Answer: Halves
517. A 1.5 k resistor and a coil with a 2.2 k inductive reactance are in series across an 18 V ac source. The
power factor is: || Sol (1): Z = R + jXL - jXC ⟹ Z = (1.5 k) + (j 2.2 k) = 2.26 ∠55.71312302°
⟹ P.F = COS (θ) = COS (55.71312392˚) = 0.563
R 1.5 k
Sol (2): P.F = = = 0.563
Z √(1.5 k)2 + (2.2 k)2
518. In a series RL circuit, 12 V rms is measured across the resistor, and 14 V rms is measured across the
inductor. The peak value of the source voltage is: || Sol: V(RMS) = √(VL )2 + (VR )2 = √(12)2 + (14)2 = 18.44 V
⟹ V(Peak) = 18.44 × √2 = 26 V
519. A 470 resistor and a coil with 125 inductive reactance are in parallel. Both components are across a
R 15
15 V ac voltage source. Current through the inductor is: || Sol: P.F = = = 0.12 A
Z 125
520. A 470 resistor and a 200 mH coil are in parallel. Both components are across a 1.5 kHz ac source. The
1 1
total admittance of the circuit, in polar form, is: || Sol: Y = = (470) +j(600π)
= 0.5 ∠ − 76° ms
Z
521. In a parallel RL circuit, there are 3 A rms in the resistive branch and 3 A rms in the inductive branch. The total
rms current is: || Sol: I(RMS) = 6 A
522. A 12 k resistor is in series with a 90 mH coil across an 8 kHz ac source. Current flow in the circuit, expressed
in polar form, is I = 0.3 0° mA. The source voltage, expressed in polar form, is:
Sol: VS = (I) × (Z) ⟹ VS = (I) × [R + j XL] = (0.3 m) × [(12 k) + j (2π) (8 k) (90 m)] = 3.85 ∠ 20.66° V
523. If a load is purely inductive and the reactive power is 12 VAR, the apparent power is:
Sol: Apparant power = active power + reactive power
But in purly inductive case active power = 0 ⟹ Apparnt power = 0 + 12 = 12 VA
39
524. A 140 resistor is in parallel with an inductor having 60 inductive reactance. Both components are across
a 12 V ac source. The magnitude of the total impedance is:
(R) × (XL ) (140) × (j 60) 1 1

Sol (1): Z = = = 55.15 Ω Sol (2): Z = = 2
= 55.15
(R)+ (XL ) (140)+ (j 60) 1 2
2 2 √( 1 ) + (60)
√( 1 ) + ( 1 ) 470
R XL
525. Total current in an RL circuit always lags the source voltage: || Answer: True.
526. The resistor voltage in an RL circuit is always out of phase with the current: || Answer: False.
527. A filter passes certain frequencies and rejects others: || Answer: True.
528. The power factor indicates how much of the apparent power is reactive power: || Answer: False.
529. A power factor of 1 indicates a purely reactive circuit, and a power factor of 0 indicates a purely resistive
circuit: || Answer: False.
530. In an RL circuit, the impedance is determined by both the resistance and the inductive reactance combined:
Answer: True.
531. The impedance of an RL circuit varies inversely with frequency: || Answer: False.
532. The phase angle (θ) of a series RL circuit varies directly with frequency: || Answer: True.
533. In an RL circuit, part of the power is resistive and part is reactive: || Answer: True.
534. In a lag network, the output voltage lags the input voltage in phase: || Answer: True.
40
 Passive Filters Part.
535. In a certain parallel resonant band-pass filter, the resonant frequency is 14 kHz. If the bandwidth is 4 kHz,
B.W 4k
the lower and higher frequency: || Sol: Higher Frequency = Resonant Frequency + = 14 k + = 16 kHz
2 2
B.W 4k
Lower Frequency = Resonant Frequency − = 14 k − = 12 kHz
2 2
536. An RL low-pass filter consists of a 5.6 mH coil and a 3.3 k resistor. The output voltage is taken across the
R 3.3 k
resistor. The circuit's critical frequency is: || Sol: Critical Frequency (fc) = = (2 = 93.8 kHz
2πL π)(5.6 m)
537. In a series resonant band-pass filter, a lower value of Q results in: || Answer: A Larger Bandwidth.
538. The maximum output voltage of a certain low-pass filter is 15 V. The output voltage at the critical frequency
VOutput MAX. 15
is: || Sol: V(Output) of Critical Frequency (fc) = = = 10.60 v
√2 √2
539. A parallel resonant band-pass filter consists of a 90 resistor in series with a parallel network made up of a
60 mH coil and a 0.02 μF capacitor. The output is taken across the capacitor/coil. The coil winding has a
resistance of 20 . What is the center frequency of the filter?
1 1
Sol: At resonant XL =XC ⟹ f = = ≅ 4.6 kHz
(2 π) × √(L) (C) (2 π) × √(60 m) (0.02 μ)
540. An RL high-pass filter consists of a 470 resistor and a 600 mH coil. The output is taken across the coil. The
R 470
circuit's critical frequency is: || Sol: RL: Critical Frequency (fc) = = (2 = 124.67 kHz
2πL π)(600 m)
541. An RC low-pass filter consists of a 120 resistor and a 0.002 μ F capacitor. The output is taken across the
capacitor. The circuit's critical frequency is:
1 1
Sol: RC: Critical Frequency (fc) = = (2 = 663 kHz
2πRC π)(120) (0.002 μ)
542. In a certain low-pass filter, fc = 3.5 kHz. Its passband is: || Answer: 0 Hz to 3.5 kHz
543. A parallel resonant band-pass filter consists of a 6.8 resistor in series with a parallel network made up of
an 8 μ H coil and a 120 pF capacitor. The output is taken across the capacitor/coil. Assume RW = 0 . What
1 1
is the center frequency of the filter? || Sol: f = = ≅ 5.14 MHz
(2 π) × √(L) (C) (2 π) × √(8 m) (120 𝑝)
544. A series resonant band-pass filter consists of a 2 mH coil, a 0.005 μ F capacitor, and a 120 resistor. The
winding resistance of the coil is 12 . The output voltage is taken off the resistor. Input voltage is 12 Vrms.
What is the output voltage magnitude at the center frequency (f0)?
Sol: I(Resonant) = (12) / (120 + 12) = 0.09 A ⟹ f0 = (0.09 × 120) = 10.9 V
545. An RC high-pass filter consists of an 820 resistor. What is the value of C so that Xc is ten times less
than R at an input frequency of 12 kHz?
R 820 1 1
Sol: XC = = = 82 Ω ⟹ C = (2 = (2 π) (12 k) (82)
= 0.162 μ F
t 10 π) f XC
41
546. A series resonant band-stop filter consists of a 68 resistor, a 110 mH coil, and a 0.02 μ F capacitor. The
internal resistance, RW, of the coil is 4 . Input voltage is 200 mV. Output voltage is taken across the coil and
capacitor in series. What is the output voltage magnitude at f0?
Sol: I(Resonant) = (200 m) / (68 + 4) = 2.7778 m A ⟹ f0 = (0.09 × 4) = 11.1 m V
547. A sinusoidal voltage with a peak-to-peak value of 18 V is applied to an RC low-pass filter. If the reactance at
the input frequency is zero, the output voltage is: || Answer: 0 (Zero), o/p becomes infinity reactance.
548. Vout = 500 mV, and Vin = 1.3 V. The ratio Vout/ Vin expressed in dB is: Sol: dB = 20 log10 (Vout / Vin) = - 8.3 dB.
549. The roll-off rate of a basic RC or RL filter is 20 dB per decade: || Answer: True.
550. In an RL high-pass filter, the output is taken across the inductor and the output leads the input: | Answer: True.
551. In an RC high-pass filter, the output is taken across the resistor and the output leads the input: | Answer: True.
552. Critical frequencies are also called –3 dB frequencies: || Answer: True.
553. The bandwidth of a resonant filter is determined by the quality factor (Q) of the circuit and the resonant
frequency: || Answer: True.
554. In an RC low-pass filter, the output voltage is taken across the resistor and the output lags the input voltage:
Answer: False.
555. In an RL low-pass filter, the output voltage is taken across the inductor and the output lags the input:
Answer: False.
556. A band-pass filter rejects all frequencies within a band between a lower and an upper critical frequency and
passes all others: || Answer: False.
557. A band-stop filter passes frequencies between its lower and upper critical frequencies and rejects all others:
Answer: False.
558. The output voltage is 63.3% of its maximum at the critical frequencies: || Answer: False.
42
 Time Response of Reactive Circuits - General Questions Part.
559. With an RL integrator, at the instant of the rising pulse edge: ||Answer: All the input voltage is across the inductor
560. A steady-state condition is reached when:|Answer: Output voltage reaches the average value of the input voltage
561. To understand how the output voltage is shaped by a differentiator, you must consider:
Answer: A. The response to the rising pulse edge. B. The response between the rising and falling edges.
C. The response to the falling pulse edge.
562. If the capacitor in an integrator becomes leaky:
Answer: A. The time constant will be effectively reduced. B. The amplitude of the output is reduced
C. The waveshape of the output voltage across C is altered.
563. An RC differentiator acts as a: || Answer: High-pass filter.
564. In an RL differentiator, when the input pulse goes from its low level to its high level:
Answer: the inductor prevents a sudden change in current.
565. In an RC differentiator, responding to repetitive pulses, the average value of the output: || Answer: Zero.
566. The output of an RC integrator is taken across the: || Answer: Capacitor.
567. In an RC differentiator, the sum of the capacitor voltage and the resistor voltage at any instant:
Answer: Must be equal to the applied voltage.
568. If the RC time constant of an integrator is increased, as the time constant is increased:
Answer: The capacitor charges less during a pulse and discharges less between pulses.
569. If a periodic pulse waveform has a pulse width and the time between pulses each equal to or greater than
five time constants, the capacitor will:
Answer: fully charge and fully discharge during each period of the input waveform
570. In electronic systems, repetitive-pulse waveforms are encountered: || Answer: More often than single pulses.
571. In an RC differentiator, the capacitor:|Answer: charges exponentially at a rate depending on the RC time constant
572. When a 15 V input pulse with a width equal to two time constants is applied to an RC integrator, the capacitor
charges to: || Sol: t = R C, But Width = 2 time Constant ∴ t = 2 R C
−𝑡
V = V(TOTAL) (1 – 𝑒 𝑅 𝐶 ) ⟹ V = V(TOTAL) (1 – 𝑒 −2 ) ⟹ V = (15) (1 – 𝑒 −2 ) = 12.97 V
573. An integrator consists of a 3.3 k resistor and a 2 μF capacitor. A single 30 V, 6 ms pulse is applied to the
−𝑡 − (3 𝑚)
input. How much will the capacitor charge?||Sol: V = V(TOTAL) × (1 – 𝑒 𝑅 𝐶 ) ⟹ V = (30) × (1 – 𝑒 (3.3 𝑘) (2 𝜇) )=17.9 V
574. When a 12 V input pulse with a width equal to one time constant is applied to an RC integrator, the capacitor
charges to: || Sol: t = (Width) RC = (1) RC, ⟹ V = V(TOTAL) × (1 – 𝑒 −1 ) ⟹ V = (12) × (1 – 𝑒 −1 ) = 7.59 V
43
575. Referring this circuit, determine the maximum output voltage when a
single pulse is applied as shown. The total resistance is 60 :
−𝑅
1 ×𝑡
Sol: t = ↦ V = V(TOTAL) (1 – 𝑒 𝐿 )
𝑓
−𝑅 1 − 60 1
×
⟹ V = V(TOTAL) (1 – 𝑒 𝐿 𝑓 ) ∴ V = (30) × (1 – 𝑒 (200 𝑚 × 125) )= 27.3 V
576. Referring to the given circuit, the output will?
Sol: Inductor initially acts as a open circuit. After some time
(steady state) it will act as a short circuit, that's why voltage

across it zero, ∴ Decay to zero at the end of the pulse.
Time constant = L/R = 400/200 = 2 μ s & Time period = 1/F = 1/100 = 10 μ s.
577. A single 6 V pulse with a width of 600 μ s is applied to an integrator consisting of a 150 k resistor and a
0.002 μ F capacitor. To what voltage will the capacitor charge?
−𝑡 − (600 𝜇)
Sol: V = V(TOTAL) × (1 – 𝑒 𝑅 𝐶 ) ⟹ V = (6) × (1 – 𝑒 (150 𝑘) (0.002 𝜇) ) = 5.188 V
578. Referring to the given figure, determine the voltage level that the
output will reach during the pulse?
−𝑅 1 − 680 𝑚 1
×𝑓
Sol: V = V(TOTAL) (1 – 𝑒 𝐿 ) ∴ V = (15) × (1 – 𝑒 ( 750 𝑚 × 1 𝑘)
)= 15 V
579. Referring this figure, on the falling edge?
Sol: The resistor voltage jumps to –5 V and then goes back to zero
exponentially.
580. When a 24 V input pulse with a width equal to five time constants is applied to an RC integrator, the capacitor
charges to: || Sol: t = R C, But Width = 5 time Constant ∴ t = 5 R C
−𝑡
V = V(TOTAL) (1 – 𝑒 𝑅 𝐶 ) ⟹ V = V(TOTAL) (1 – 𝑒 −5 ) ⟹ V = (24) (1 – 𝑒 −5 ) = 23.83 V
581. What is the highest frequency contained in a pulse that has a rise and fall time equal to 10 microseconds
(10 μ s)? || Sol: Bandwidth = (0.35) / Rise Time (tr) = (0.35) / (10 μ) = 35 kHz
582. The flat portions of a pulse waveform contain low-frequency components: || Answer: True.
44
583. In an RL differentiating circuit, the output voltage is taken across the resistor: || Answer: False.
584. In an RC integrating circuit, the output voltage is taken across the capacitor: || Answer: True.
585. A dc component is the peak value of a pulse waveform: || Answer: False.
586. In an RL integrating circuit, the output voltage is taken across the inductor: || Answer: False.
587. If the capacitor in an integrator opens, the output has the same voltage as the input: || Answer: True.
588. The rising and falling edges of a pulse waveform contain the higher frequency component: || Answer: True.
589. In an electric circuit, the reaction of a circuit to a given pulse input is known as the pulse response
Answer: True.
590. In an RC differentiating circuit, the output voltage is taken across the resistor: || Answer: True.
591. In an integrator, when the pulse width of the input is much less than the transient time, the output voltage
approaches the shape of the input: || Answer: False.
45
 Circuit Theorems and Conversions Part.
592. Find the Thevenin equivalent (VTH and RTH) between terminals A and B of the circuit:
Sol: I = (100) / (68 + 100 + 120) = 0.3472 A ⟹ VTH = (0.3472) × (120) = 41.667 V
(120) × (68+100)
RTH =
(120)+ (68+100)
= 70 Ω
593. A certain current source has the values IS = 4 µA and RS = 1.2 M . The values for an equivalent voltage
source are: || Sol: V = (4 μ) × (1.2 M) = 4.8 V
594. Find the total current through R3 in the given circuit:
Sol: V3 = 24 – 18 = 6V
I3 = (6) / (3.3 K) = 1.8 m A
595. A 680 load resistor, RL, is connected across a constant current source of 1.2 A. The internal source
resistance, RS, is 12 k . The load current, RL, is:
RS 12 k
Sol: Using Current Division rule ⟹ IL = IS × ( ) ⟹ IL = (1.2) × ( ) = 1.356 A
RS + RL 12 k + 680
A. Determine IN for the circuit consisting of VS, R1, R2, and R3 shown
in the given circuit:
V−75 V V
Sol: + + = 0 ⟹ V = 29.22 V
68 68 120
⟹ IN = (29.22) / (120) = 244 m A
B. Determine RN:
(68) × (68)
Sol: RN = + (120) ⟹ RN = 154
(68)+ (68)
597. A 12 V source has an internal resistance of 90 . If a load resistance of 20 is connected to the voltage
12
source, the load power, PL, is: || Sol: I = = 0.1090909 A ⟹ PL = (0.1090909)2 × 20 = 238 m W
90 + 20
46
598. In a two-source circuit, one source acting alone produces 12 mA through a given branch. The other source
acting alone produces 10 mA in the opposite direction through the same branch. The actual current through
the branch is: || Sol: I = 12 m = 10 m = 2 m A
599. What is the Thevenin equivalent (VTH and RTH) for the circuit given?
(220) × (680) (470) × (560)

Sol: RTH = [(R1 || R2) + (R3 || R4)] = [( ) + ( (470)+ )] = 70 Ω
(220)+ (680) (560)
Know to find Vth, we using Voltage Division:
(680) (560)
V1 = (30) ( ) = 22.6667 V , V2 = (30) ((560)+ ) = 16.31 V
(220)+ (680) (470)
⟹ VTH = 22.6667 – 16.31 = 6.355 V
600. A 470 RL is connected across a voltage source, VS, of 120 V. The source's internal resistance, RS, is 12
RL 470
. What is the output voltage across the load? || Sol: VO = VS × (R ) ⟹ IL = (120) × ( ) = 117 V
S + RL 12 + 470
601. Find the Thevenin equivalent (VTH and RTH) between terminals A and B
of the circuit given:
(R2 + R3 )
Sol: VTH = (VS ) ( )
R1 + R2 + R3
(68 + 20)
= (12) ( ) = 5.62 V
100 + 68 + 20
(100) × (68+20)
RTH =
(100)+ (68+20)
+ 120 = 166.81 Ω
602. ome circuits require more than one voltage or current source: || Answer: True.
603. An ideal voltage source has zero internal resistance: || Answer: True.
604. A practical current source has a finite internal resistance: || Answer: True.
605. Norton's equivalent current (IN) is an open-circuit current between two points in a circuit: || Answer: False.
606. A practical voltage source has a nonzero internal resistance: || Answer: True.
607. You cannot convert a voltage source to an equivalent current source, or vice versa: || Answer: False.
608. An ideal current source has zero internal resistance: || Answer: False.
609. The Thevenin equivalent voltage (VTH) is the short-circuit voltage between two terminals in a circuit:
Answer: False.
610. Transistors act basically as voltage sources: || Answer: False.
611. Conversions between delta-type and wye-type circuit arrangements are useful in certain specialized
applications: || Answer: True.
47
 Power Systems Part.
612. Length of the cable is doubled, its capacitance C will be: || Answer: Doubled.
613. Which the rotor is used in thermal power plants? || Answer: Cylindrical Rotor.
614. Four identical alternators each are rated for 20 MVA, 11 KV having a subtransient reactance of 16% are
working in parallel. The short circuit level at the busbar is:
Base (MVA) 16 %
Sol: Short Circuit (MVA) = , But we need Xpu (Connected Parallel) Xpu = =4%
Xpu 4
Base (MVA) 20
∴ Short Circuit (MVA) = = = 500 MVA
Xpu 4%
615. Oxide film arrestor has one of the properties?
Answer: A) Does not require daily charging. B) Installed at points of transmission line where daily visit is difficult.
616. If the fault current is 2000 A, the relay setting is 50% and CT ratio is 400 : 5, then plug setting multiplier will
be: || Sol: (5 × 50%) = 2.5 A ⟹ 5 × (2000 / 400) = 25 A ∴ (25 / 2.5) = 10
617. Galvanised steel is generally used as: || Answer: A) Stray Wire. B) Earth Wire. C) Structure Components.
618. Plug setting of a relay can be altered by varying: || Answer: Number of Ampere-turns.
619. Objectives of power system are: || Answer: A) Cost of electrical energy per KWh is to be minimum.
B) Rated voltage and frequency has to be supplied to the consumers.
620. The main objectives of electrical power transmission are:
Answer: A) Rated voltage and frequency has to be supplied to the consumers.
B) Cost of electrical energy per KWh is to be minimum.
621. Advantages of higher transmission voltage are:
Answer: A) Power transfer capability of the transmission line is increased.
B) Transmission line losses are reduced. C) Area of cross section and volume of the conductor is reduced.
622. Maximum power transfer capability of transmission line can be increased by:
Answer: A) Parallel transmission lines. B) Using series capacitance. C) Using bundled conductors.
623. For flat voltage profile system, voltage regulation is: || Answer: 0 %
624. Maximum power transfer in a transmission line can be obtained by:
Answer: Increasing voltage level OR Reducing reactance
625. Ferranti effect will not occur in the transmission lines: || Answer: Short transmission lines.
626. The following methods are used for reactive or voltage compensation not occur in the transmission lines:
Answer: A) Shunt Capacitor. B) Series Capacitor. C) Generation Excitation Control.
627. Ferranti effect can be compensated by: || Answer: Shunt Reactor.
628. Stability of a transmission line can be increased by: || Answer: A) Shunt Capacitor. B) Series Capacitor.
629. Which of method is used for changing power factor from leading to lagging: || Answer: A) Shunt Reactor.
48
630. A transmission line has a reactance of 1 Pu is operating at Vs = Vr = 1 Pu. The generator is connected at
source end which is delivering 0.5 Pu of active power. Find the load angle?
VS × Vr 1×1
Sol: Power Deivered (P) = × sin(θ) ⟹ 0.5 = × sin(θ) ⟹ sin(θ) = 30°
X 1
631. A transmission line has a reactance of 1 Pu is operating at Vs = Vr = 1 Pu. The generator is connected at
source end which is delivering 0.5 Pu of active power and the transmission line is compensated with a series
capacitance of 0.5 Pu. Find the load angle with series capacitance compensation ?
VS × Vr 1×1
Sol: Power Deivered (P) = × sin(θ) ⟹ 0.5 = × sin(θ) ⟹ sin(θ) = 14.4775°
(X − 𝑋𝐶 ) (1−0.5)
632. Under over excitation synchronous phase modifier works as: || Answer: Shunt Capacitor.
633. Which of the advantages of synchronous phase modifier over the shunt compensation?
Answer: A) single unit can be used as both capacitance and inductor by adjusting the excitation.
B) smooth voltage regulation is possible by controlling excitation.
634. Under excited Synchronous phase modifier works as: || Answer: Shunt Reactor.
635. Advantages of shunt compensation is: || Answer: Its requires less maintenance.
636. Specified quantities of load bus are: || Answer: P and Q.
637. Specified quantities of slack bus are: || Answer: V and θ
638. Which of the following quantities are to be calculated for generator bus? || Answer: Q and θ
639. In a 4*4 Y bus matrix the number of non zero elements are 12. Find the sparsity of the system?
Number of zero elements 4

Sol: Sparsity = = = 0.25
Total number of elements 16
640. In a 4 bus,4×4 Y bus matrix the number of non zero elements are 12. Find the number of transmission lines?
(N2 (1−X)− N) (42 (1−0.25)− 4)

Sol: Number of transmission line (t) = = =4
2 2
641. Range of accelerating factor is: || Answer: 1.6 to 1.8
642. A network containing 100 buses in which 10 are the voltage control buses, 5 are fixed shunt capacitor buses,
20 are the reactive power support buses, 6 are the generator buses. Find the size of the Jacobian matrix?
Sol: Size of the Jacobain matrix = (2n – m – 2) × (2n – m - 2) = (2×100 - 35 -2)×(2×100 - 35 - 2) = 163×163
643. Which of the buses is not PV buses? || Answer: Fixed shunt capacitor buses.
49
644. Normally Z bus matrix is a: || Answer: Full Matrix.
645. In load flow studies PV bus is treated as PQ bus when: || Answer: Reactive power goes beyond limit.
646. ACSR means: || Answer: Aluminum conductor steel reinforced.
647. Find the number of strands of ACSR conductor for 4 layer transmission line?
Sol: Total number of strands N = 3x² - 3x + 1 ⟹ N = 3 (4)² - 3 (4) + 1 = 37
648. A 3 layer and diameter of each strand is d, then find the total diameter of ACSR conductor?
Sol: Total diameter of ACSR conductor D = (2x - 1) × d ⟹ D = (2 × 3 - 1) ×d = 5d
649. Bundled conductors in EHV transmission lines: || Answer: Decrease Inductance.
650. The internal flux linkage due to internal flux of a conductor is: || Answer: (I / 2*10-7) wb-T / m
651. The skin effect shows that: || Answer: Current density is more at the surface of the conductor.
652. Skin effect depends on: || Answer: A) Frequency. B) Conductivity. C) Relative Permeability.
653. If the frequency is increased, then skin effect will: || Answer: Increases.
654. If skin depth is more, then skin effect is: || Answer: Less.
655. Proximity effect is more in case of: || Answer: Power Cables.
656. Proximity effect depends on:| Answer: A) Frequency B) Distance between the conductors C) Relative Permeability
657. Skin effective is more in case of: || Answer: Communication lines.
658. Apart from the skin effect the non uniformity of the current distribution is also caused by: || Answer: Proximity.
659. Transmission lines are transposed to reduce: || Answer: interference with neighbouring communication lines.
660. In transmission lines distribution constants are: || Answer: Inductance & Capacitance, Inductance & Resistance.
661. Aluminium is now most commonly employed conductor material in transmission lines than copper because:
Answer: It is cheaper and lighter
662. The skin effect of conductor will increase when: || Answer: Resistivity Decrease.
663. If the diameter of the conductor is increased: || Answer: The inductance is decreased.
664. Due to proximity effect, the increase in conductor resistance is not negligible in: || Answer: Underground Cable.
665. The fact that current density is higher at the surface when compared to centre is known: || Answer: Skin Effect
666. The presence of earth in case of overhead lines: || Answer: Increase Capacitance.
667. The term self Geometrical Mean Distance (GMD) is used to calculate: || Answer: Inductance.
668. If we increase the spacing between the phase conductors, the line capacitance: || Answer: Decreases.
669. If we increase the length of the transmission line, the charging current: || Answer: Increases.
50
670. In triangular configuration, inductance and capacitance values are ------ and ------ respectively:
Answer: Less, Higher.
671. If we increase the spacing between the phase conductors, the value of line inductance: || Answer: Increase
672. Transmission line parameters of the short transmission line are: || Answer: 1, Z, 0 , 1
673. Voltage regulation for short transmission line = (Vs - Vr) / Vr: || Answer: True.
674. The ABCD constants of a 3-phase transmission line are A = D = 0.8∠1°, B = 170∠85° Ω , C = 0.002∠90.4°
â„§. The sending end voltage is 400 kV. The receiving end voltage under no load condition is
Sol: ABCD parameters: Vs = AVr + BIr and Is = CVr + DIr ⟹ 400 = 0,8 ∠1° × Vr ⟹ Vr = 500 ∠ -1° Kv.
675. Surge impedance loading of a 3-phase, 400 kV transmission line is 400 Ω. The surge impedance loading is:
Sol: P(3 - ∅) = (400 K)2 / 400 = 400 MW
676. Surge impedance loading of a transmission line can be increased by:
Answer: A) Increasing its voltage level. B) Addition of lumped capacitance in series.
677. For transmission line, What the relation is true? || Answer: AD – BC = 1
678. The capacitance of an overhead transmission line increases with:
Answer:Iincrease in mutual geometrical mean distance. OR Increase in height of conductors above ground.
679. The charging reactance of 50 km transmission line is 1500 Ω. What is the charging reactance for 100 km
(1500 × 50)
length of line? || Sol: XC = = 750 Ω
100
680. Condition for maximum voltage regulation: || Answer: tan (φ) = X / R
681. Condition for zero voltage regulation is: || Answer: tan (φ) = R / X
682. Zero voltage regulation is possible only for: || Answer: Leading power factor
683. A 1-phase transmission line has an impedance (3+4j) Ω . Find the power factor of the load for achieving
maximum and zero voltage regulation?
Sol: For Maximum Voltage: tan (φ) = X / R ⟹ cos (φ) = R / Z ⟹ cos (φ) = 3 / 5 = 0.6 Lag.
For Zero Voltage: tan (φ) = R / X ⟹ cos (φ) = X / Z ⟹ cos (φ) = 4 / 5 = 0.8 Lead.
684. A transmission line has an impedance of (2+j6) Ω has voltage regulation of 10% at a load power factor of 0.8
lag. Find the voltage regulation for a load of 0.6 lead:
Sol: Voltage Regulation = (Vs –Vr) / Vr = Ir (R cos (φ) ± X sin (φ)) / Vr
⟹ Vreg (Lag) / Vreg (Lead) = 10 / Vreg (Lead) = (2 × 0.8 + 6 × 0.6) / (2 × 0.6 - 6 × 0.8) ⟹ Vreg (Lead) = - 6.92 %
51
685. A transmission line has 50 km operating at frequency of 500 Hz. Find the type of the line?
Answer: Long transmission line
686. In which of the following transmission lines capacitance effect is negligible? || Answer: Short transmission lines
687. Communications lines are treated as: || Answer: Long transmission lines
688. If the rated receiving end voltage is 33 kV, then what are the limits for safe operation of equipments?
Answer: The equipments are designed to operate at ± 5% or ± 6% ⟹ 33 k × ±5 % = 31.35 to 34.65 kV
689. A 3-phase transmission line operating at Vs = 400 kV and has ABCD parameters A= D = 0.8∠0°, B = 100∠°90
Ω, C = 0.5*10^-6∠90° â„§. Find Charging current under no load?
Sol: Using of ABCD parameters
Vs = AVr + BIr and Is = CVr + DIr
Under no load condition Ir = 0, Is = charging current(Ic)
Ic = CVr / Vr ⟹ Ic = (0.5× 10 - 6∠90° × 500 × 103) / √3 ⟹ Ic – 0.144 ∠90° A / Phase
690. A 3-phase transmission line operating at Vs = 400 kV and has ABCD parameters A= D = 0.8∠0°, B = 100∠90°
Ω, C = 0.5*10^-6∠90° â„§. Find the shunt reactor required for compensating ferranti effect?
Sol: Inductive shunt reactance Xlsh = Vr / Ir and Vs = AVr + BIr
After compensation of ferranti effect Vs = Vr and Vr = AVr + BIr ⟹ BIr = (1-A)Vr
Inductive shunt reactance (Xlsh) = (Vr / Ir) = (B) / (1- A) ⟹ (Xlsh) = (100 ∠90°) / (1 – 0.8) = 500
691. Installation of capacitors at suitable locations and of optimum size in a distribution system results in:
Answer: A) Improved voltage regulation. B)Rreduction in distribution power loss.
C) Reduction of KVA rating of distribution transformers
692. A 3-phase transmission line operating at Vs = 400 kV and has ABCD parameters A= D = 0.8∠0°, B = 100∠90°
Ω, C = 0.5*10-6∠90° â„§. Find the no load receiving end voltage?
Sol: Using of ABCD parameters Vs = AVr + BIr and Is = CVr + DIr ⟹ Vr = Vs / A = (400 k) / (0,8) = 500 KV
693. In a long transmission line, if we increase the length of the line, the parameters A and B respectively:
Answer: Decreases and Increases.
694. Power transmission lines are transposed to reduce: || Answer: Radio interference.
695. Attenuation occurs due to: || Answer: Resistance and Conductance.
696. If field current is decreased in shunt dc motor, the speed of the motor: || Answer: Increase.
52
697. What is the mechanical power developed by a DC series motor is maximum?
Answer: Back emf is equal to half the applied voltage.
698. What is the shunt resistance component equivalent circuit obtained by no load test of an induction motor
representative of ? || Answer: Core loss only.
699. Eddy current loss will depends on: || Answer: A) Frequency. B) Flux Density. C) Thickness.
700. Hysteresis loop represents the area of: || Answer: Hysteresis loss.
701. identical inductive loads of resistance 15 Ω and reactance 15 Ω each are connected in delta cross 440V three-
phase supply. Calculate the power observed: || Answer: Hysteresis
702. The current in a series RLC circuit which is operating above the resonant frequency:
Answer: lags the applied voltage.
703. A synchronous motor is more economical, when the load is greater than: || Answer: 100 KW.
704. Which of following power plants normally operage at high speeds: || Answer: Thermal.
705. Ships are usually supplied power by: || Answer: Diesel engine.
706. The power station that does not requier any moving part is: || Answer: Thermonic convertor.
707. Which of the following circuit breakers produce least arc energy? || Answer: Air blast CB.
708. When bundle conductor are used in place of single conductor the effective inductance and capacitance will
respectively: || Answer: Decrease and Increase.
709. The rate of rise of re-striking voltage is dependent upon:
Answer: A) Inductance of the system only. B) Capacitance of the system only.
710. For complete protection of 3-phase system from the short circuit faults minimum number of relays required
are: || Answer: Three.
53

Electrical Engineering Questions - Eng. AbdelRazzaq Nuseirat

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Electrical Engineering Questions - Eng. AbdelRazzaq Nuseirat

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Prepared By Engineer AbdelRazzaq M.

2. Resistance is measured in: || Answer: Ohms

Answer: 6.5 × 104

4. When converting 7,000 nA to microamperes, the result is: || Answer: 7 μA

5. The number of kilowatts in 135 milliwatts is: || Answer: 1.35 × 10-4 kW

7. The number of microamperes in 2 milliamperes is: || Answer: 2,000 μA

8. The number of millivolts in 0.06 kilovolts is: || Answer: 60,000 mV

9. Eighteen thousand watts is the same as: || Answer: 18 kW

14. Which of the following is not an electrical quantity? || Answer: Distance.

15. Seven thousand volts can be expressed as: || Answer: 7 kV

18. What is (79 × 106) / (12 × 10–8)? || Answer: 6.58 × 1014

19. Fourteen milliamperes can be expressed as: || Answer: 14 mA

21. Voltage is measured in: || Answer: Volts.

22. The number 0.0003 multiplied by 10-3 is: || Answer: 0.0000003

23. The number of megohms in 0.03 kilohms is: || Answer: 3 × 10-5 M Ω

24. The quantity 43 × 10-3 is the same as: || Answer: 0.043

25. Current is measured in: || Answer: Amperes.

54. The ampere is the unit of resistance. || Answer: False.

= (1/8) + (1/4) + (1/2) = 7/8

P = (I2) × (R) ⟹ I = √ (P)/(R) = SQR ((7/8) / 1200) = 27 mA

Answer: One 220 Ω resistor.

⟹ (18.9 / 4.7) = 4.02, (18.9 / 12) = 1.575, (18.9 / 2.2) = 8.5

Sol: I = (10 V) / (5.7 k Ω) = 1.7857 mA ⟹ V(4.7 K Ω) = (1.7857 mA) × (4.7 K Ω) = 8.39 V

Sol: I = (470 V) / (680 × 3 Ω) = 230 mA

85. A series circuit acts as a voltage divider: || Answer: True.

86. A series circuit acts as a current divider: || Answer: False.

88. A short in a series circuit prevents current: || Answer: False.

Sol: (1 / I) = 20 K A ⟹ I = (5 × 10-5) ⟹ R = (5) / (5 × 10-5) = 100 K Ω

Sol: I = (VS) / [(R1) + (R2) + (R3 || R4)] = 900 μ A

I(200 Ω) = (50) / (200) = 0.25 A …. I(1000 Ω) = (50) / (1000) = 0.05 A

Sol: I = 1 K V (Large Voltage).

Sol: (1 / I) = 30 K A ⟹ I = (3.3333 × 10-5) ⟹ R = (50) / (3.3333 × 10-5) = 1.5 M Ω

Sol: RTOTAL1 = (6.8k × 10k) / (6.8k + 10k) = 4.048 k Ω

RTOTAL2 = (2.2k × 1k) / (2.2K + 1K) = 687.5 Ω

V (VS ) (RTOTAL1 ) (100) (4.048 K) V (VS ) (RTOTAL2 ) (100) (687.5)

∴ The greatest voltage drop is 6.8 k Ω & 10 k Ω

is 2 k Ω. The other resistor value is: || Sol: R TOTAL= (2 K) (RX )

Sol: VS = (12 K + 15 K + 22 K + (10 K || 10 K)) × i ⟹ i = 1.3888 m A

So Vout = (6) × (2.2 k) / (3 × 2.2 k) = 2V.

↪ Step-2: Take the tap just after 2 resistors i.e.

Vout = 6 × (2.2 k + 2.2 k) / (3 × 2.2 k) = 4 V. ⟹ Sol is 2, 4 V.

⟹ (RUNK) × (200) = (680) × (3500) ⟹ (RUNK) = 1029.4 Ω

Sol: R1 = 100K Ω, R2 = 100K Ω, R3 = 1 M Ω

VOUT = 12 × (100 K || 1 M) / (100 K + 100 K || 1 M) = (120) / (21) = 5.7 V

115. A Wheatstone bridge is often shown in a "diamond" configuration: || Answer: True.

119. A Wheatstone bridge consists of four resistors in parallel: || Answer: False.

122. Find the node voltage VA and current through R2:

(VA )−12 (VA )−0 (VA )−6

123. Find the node voltage VA and current through R2:

(VA )−15 (VA )−0 (VA )−8

A. Branch current IR2:

(VA )−12 (VA )−0 (VA )−4

B. Voltage drop across R1:

Sol: VR1 = 12 – 4.1805 = 7.8195 V

C. Voltage drop across R2:

Sol: VR2 = 4.1805 - 0 = 4.1805 V

Sol: - 12 + 68 (I1) + (37) (I1 – I2) = 0

4 + 90 (I2) + 37 (I2 – I1) = 0

E. Voltage drop across R3:

Sol: VR2 = 4.1805 - 4 = 0.1805 V