Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region VII, Central Visayas
Division of Bohol

UNDERSTANDING CULTURE, SOCIETY, AND POLITICS

SECOND QUARTER: WEEK 5

Competency : Examine the Concept, Characteristics, and Form of Stratification System Using Sociological
Perspectives. (No Code Indicated)

● Interpret Terminologies Related to Kinship Ties.

● Explain the Different Types of Family Based on their Functions and Importance.

● Describe the Impact of Social Organization to One's Behavior.

Reference : Understanding Culture, Society and Politics by Ederlina D. Balena, Dolores M. Lucero
&Arnel M. Peralta pages 70-74 (Non-DepEd)

Copyright For classroom use only

LESSON 1: Kinship, Marriage, and the Household

The family is the basic social institution and the primary group in society. Families vary from culture to
culture. Murdock (1949:1) defines the family as a social group characterized by common residence, economic
cooperation, and reproduction. It includes adults of both sexes, at least two of whom maintain a socially approved
sexual relationship, and of one or two children.

Kinship, Descent, and Marriage

Kinship refers to the web of social relationships that form an essential part of the lives of most humans in most
societies.
Descent refers to the origin or background of a person in terms of family or nationality.
Marriage is an important institutional element of the family. It is a cultural mechanism that ensures its
continuity. It is an institution consisting of a cluster of more and folkways, of attitudes, ideas, and ideals of social
definitions and legal restrictions.
On August 3, 1988, the Family Code of the Philippines took effect. It defines marriage as a special contract of
permanent union between a man and woman entered in accordance with law for the establishment of conjugal and
family life.
Kinship by Marriage
1. Monogamy allows or permits a man to take only one spouse at a time.
2. Polygamy is a form of plural marriage and can assume in three forms: polygyny, polyandry, and group
marriage.
a. Polygyny is the marriage of one man to two or more women at the same time.
b. Polyandry is the marriage of a woman to two or more men at the same time.

Household Based on Internal Organization or Membership

1. Nuclear Family is the smallest unit responsible for the preservation of the value system of society. The
universal social institution found in every society. It is composed of a father, a mother, and a child / children.
2. Extended Family is composed of two or more nuclear families, economically and socially related to each
other. A variety of protection is afforded to its members and the aged can rely on the younger members to take
care of them.

ACTIVITY: MATCHING TYPE

Directions: Match the situations in Column A to the terms in Column B. Write the letter of the correct answer on the
provided answer sheet.
 COLUMN A COLUMN B
1.King Solomon had 700 wives and 300 concubines. A. Nuclear Family
2. Based on their marriage contract, my father is only married to my mother. B. Polyandry
3.My grandparents live together with my aunt. C. Extended Family
4. Some African tribes allow women to marry more than once. D. Monogamy
5. Together with my parents and siblings, we live in a rented house. E. Polygyny
F. Group Marriage
LESSON 2: Family Structures and Functions

Family Structure

1. Based on Descent
a. Patrilineal descent- a person affiliates with a group of relatives through his or her father.
b. Matrilineal descent- a person affiliates with a group of relatives related through his or her mother.
c. Bilateral descent- a person affiliates with a group of relatives through either his or her parents.

2. Based on Authority
a. Patriarchal family- the authority is vested in the eldest male in the family, often the father. The sons,
especially the eldest, enjoy prestige and privileges.
b. Matriarchal family- the authority is vested in the mother or the mother’s kin. May be found in societies where
the mother dominates the household.
c. Egalitarian family- the husband and the wife exercise an equal amount or degree of authority.
d. Matricentric family – the authority is usually found in places where the father commutes and is out for the
greater part of the day.

Functions of Family
1. The family regulates sexual behavior and is the unit for reproduction. Within the marriage bond, sex
expression is socially sanctioned.
2. The family performs the function of biological maintenance. The human infant is born helpless, and the parents
fill the roles of protector, provider, and guardian.
3. The family is the chief agency in socializing the child. The family transmits the culture of the group, its
patterned ways of living and values through example, teaching or indoctrination.
4. The family gives its members status. A child is born into a family which gives him a name and lineage/whether
born into a lower-class family or an upper-class family.
5. The family is an important mechanism for social control. It continually exerts pressure on its members to make
them conform to what it considers as a desirable behavior.

ACTIVITY: IDENTIFICATION
Directions: Identify what specific family structure each statement tells. Write the correct answer on the provided
answer sheet.
_________1.Even if Fidelia’s parents are legally separated, they share an equal amount of authority over her siblings.
_________2. My father is the head of our family.
_________3. I envy Anthony because he is both affiliated to his mother and father’s side.
_________4. Jayne’s father is an OFW that is why her mother manages the house.
_________5. I am emotionally closer to my cousins on my father’s side.

LESSON 3: Types of Social Groups / The Primary Group and the Secondary Group

Gemeinschaft
It is a community of individuals with close personal and family ties. The activities, interests, and personalities
of the members center on the large family groups and neighbors. For the local equivalent, Filipinos have used the terms
damay and bayanihan which imply mutual helpfulness and the sharing of pleasure as well as of sorrow

Gessellschaft
It means “public life” or the world itself. This type of group is characterized by impersonal, secondary,
contractual, and nationalized relationships. There is transitory and superficial contact, a characteristic of secondary
groups. Members co-exist but are independent from one another. The interpersonal relationships of the members stop
in themselves and are used for attainment of one’s objectives.
 Social groups vary in size, quality of group interactions, purpose, structure, or a combination of these. They
can be classified as the Primary and Secondary, the In-group and Out-group, and the Reference group.

Social Group Classifications

1.Primary Group
It is where the total personality of the human being is considered. The relationships are intimate and face to
face, and at the same time its communication is profound and strong. Personal satisfactions are of utmost importance.
Example: Family

2.Secondary Group
It involves a reaction to only a part of the individual’s personality. The person’s importance to the group is the
function he or she performs. Relationships tend to be casual, temporary, and limited in personal involvement.
Example: construction firm, factory, and school.
3.In-group
It is the group with which the individual identifies, and it gives him/her a sense of belongingness, solidarity,
camaraderie, esprit de corps, and a protective attitude toward the other members.
4.Out-group
It is generally viewed as the outsider by the in-group.
5.Reference Group
It is any group to which we refer when making judgments. It refers to any group whose value judgments
become our value judgments.

ACTIVITY: PICTURE ANALYSIS

Directions: Identify what social group classifications each picture tells. Write the correct answer on the provided
answer sheet.

1. 2.

______________________ _________________________

3. 4.

_______________________ ___________________________

Picture Source: Google (http://bitly.ws/jGiN, http://bitly.ws/jGiJ, http://bitly.ws/jGiH, http://bitly.ws/jGiS)

ASSESSMENT
MULTIPLE CHOICE
Directions: Read and analyze the statements carefully. Choose the letter of the correct answer.

1. Papa Loloy is the decision maker of the house. What type of family structure it is when the authority vested in the
eldest male in the family?
A. Egalitarian family B. Matriarchal family C. Matricentric family D. Patriarchal family

2. Which of the following is NOT a type of family based on structure?

A. Conjugal B. Extended C. Nuclear D. Reconstituted

3. Filipinos are known to show damay and bayanihan which imply mutual helpfulness and the sharing of pleasure as
well as of sorrow. What kind of social relation does it portray?
 A. Gemeinschaft B. Gessellschaft C. Primary D. Secondary

4. What is considered as an important institutional element in a family?

A. Child Rearing B. Courtship C. Engagement D. Marriage

5.The following statements are the identified functions of the family. Which of the following is NOT included?
A. Dictating a child’s future
B. Giving status to its members
C. Performing the function of biological maintenance
D. Providing an important mechanism for social control

6. The Bernido couple lives in a home with unmarried children and grandparents. What type of family is being shown?
A. Extended B. Matriarchal C. Patriarchal D. Nuclear

7. The following groups are known as major groups in our country. Which of the following is considered as an Out-
group?
A. Abu Sayyaf B. Gabriela Party list C. Iglesia ni Cristo D. Philippine National Police

8. Daisy joins a Youth Formation Movement which is considered as an in-group. Which of the following
characteristics doesn’t describe the specified group?
A. Camaraderie B. Discord C. Esprit de Corps D. Solidarity

9. Common-law spouses are two individuals who cohabitated as a married couple without entering a legal or formal
matrimonial ceremony. What type of marriage this belongs?
A. Group Marriage B. Monogamy C. Polygamy D. None of these

10. Below are family situations that are happening in our society now. Who among the following partners practices a
monogamous marriage?
A. Andy and Monica are living in together with their son, Joshua.
B. Jun married his long-time girlfriend, Karen.
C. Abdul has two wives, Alena, and Ayesha.
D. Jon is living with his girlfriend, Anya.
 KEY ANSWER
Quarter 2: Week 5
Lesson 1
1. E
2. D
3. C
4. B
5. A

Lesson 2
1. Egalitarian
2. Patriarchal
3. Bilateral
4. Matricentric
5. Patrilineal

Lesson 3
1. Out-group
2. In- group
3. Primary Group
4. Secondary Group

Assessment
1. D
2. D
3. A
4. D
5. A
6. A
7. A
8. B
9. B
10. B