The document discusses communication systems used in aviation, including radio systems, frequencies, components, and modulation techniques. It provides details on VHF systems, channels, and equipment used for different ranges of communication. The document also covers topics like analog modulation, AM, components of a basic communication system, and different types of modulation.
The document discusses communication systems used in aviation, including radio systems, frequencies, components, and modulation techniques. It provides details on VHF systems, channels, and equipment used for different ranges of communication. The document also covers topics like analog modulation, AM, components of a basic communication system, and different types of modulation.
The document discusses communication systems used in aviation, including radio systems, frequencies, components, and modulation techniques. It provides details on VHF systems, channels, and equipment used for different ranges of communication. The document also covers topics like analog modulation, AM, components of a basic communication system, and different types of modulation.
The document discusses communication systems used in aviation, including radio systems, frequencies, components, and modulation techniques. It provides details on VHF systems, channels, and equipment used for different ranges of communication. The document also covers topics like analog modulation, AM, components of a basic communication system, and different types of modulation.
It connects the flight deck to the ground and the flight deck to the passengers. Radio transmitter and receiver equipment was the first avionic system installed in an aircraft in 1909 manufactured by Marconi Company. The VHF aviation communication system works on the air band of 108.00 MHz to 136.975 MHz. This system is used for voice transmission and reception between aircraft and aircraft or ground station. The concept of radio communication involves in transmission and reception of electromagnetic energy waves through space. Alternating current passing through a conductor creates an EMF around the conductor. If the frequency of alternating current increases, the energy stored in the field is radiated into the space in the form of electromagnetic waves. A conductor which radiates the energy is called as transmitting antenna. These transmitted radio waves travel at a speed of 186000 miles per second. If a radiated EMF passes through a conductor, some of the energy in the field will cause the electrons in motion, in the conductor. So this electron flow constitutes a current in the receiving antenna which is similar to the varying current in the transmitting antenna. Frequencies between 108 to 117.975 are splitted into 200 narrow band channels and they are used for VOR, Automatic Terminal information Service, ILS and Local Area Augmentation System. Frequencies between 118 – 137 MHz is splitted into 760 Channels and they are used for AM voice transmission Some channels between 123.100 to 135.950 are available for government agencies, search and rescue and National Aviation authority use. Aircraft communication can also take place using HF i.e. for transoceanic flights or satellite communication. Frequency – It is the number of occurrences of a repeating event per unit time. Period T = 1/f Frequency Types: Very Low Frequency - 3 to 30 KHz Low Frequency - Less than 500 KHz Medium Frequency - 300 – 3000 KHz High Frequency - 3 to 30 MHz Very High Frequency - 30 MHz – 300 MHz Ultra High Frequency - 300 MHz – 3 GHz Super High Frequency - 1GHz – 300 GHz Extremely High Frequency - 30 GHz – 300 GHz Microwaves - 300 MHz – 300 GHz Basic components of a Communication System: a) Microphone It converts the sound energy into corresponding electrical energy. b) Transmitter (i) Oscillator – to generate RF signal (ii) Amplifier – increase the output (iii) Modulator – To add the voice signal c) Transmitting Antenna It is the special type of electrical circuit. d) Receiving Antenna e) Receiver f) Power supply. The receiver must be able to select the desired frequency signal from lot of signals present in the air and also it should amplify the small ac signal voltage. The receiver contains Demodulator (to remove the added signal). The demodulator contains detector (is used to AM) and discriminator (is used for FM). ACARS Aircraft communications addressing and reporting system is a digital datalink system for transmission of short, relatively simple messages between aircraft and ground stations via radio or satellite. The protocol was designed by ARINC (Aeronautical Radio, Incorporated) in 1978. Long Range Communication – HF (2 – 30 MHz) Near to Medium Range Communication – VHF (30 – 100 MHz) Military Aircraft (UHF) – (250 – 400 MHz) Equipment is usually at duplex level of redundancy. The VHF radios are generally at triplex level on modern aircrafts. Satellite communications are installed in modern aircraft and provide reliable worldwide communication. Analog Modulation (AM) Amplitude modulation is the simplest and earliest form of communication. AM is used to transmit the information via a radio carrier. AM application including broadcasting in medium and high frequency applications, aircraft communications and CB Radio (Citizen‟s Band Radio) Modulation The process by which some characteristics of a carrier signal is varied in accordance with message signal. Modulation is required to expand the bandwidth of the transmitted signal for better transmission quality. (To reduce noise and Interference) Information (Low frequency such as audio or voice) Radio Communication It uses the ability of an electromagnetic wave to transfer information from one point to another. AM is the first method used to transfer voice information from one place to another. Voice frequencies ranges from 50 Hz to 3000 Hz. Basic Principle of Analog Modulation Mix the voice frequencies with a radio frequency signal, so that they are converted to radio frequencies, which can propagate through free space. Carrier – Sinusoidal High Frequency Radio Signal. Voice Frequency + Carrier Frequency = Radio Frequency Radiate through Antenna Propagate at light speed o Recover those voice Frequency Types Double - sideband Full carrier Single – sideband Reduced carrier Single – sideband Full carrier Single – sideband Suppressed carrier Independent – sideband Emission Vestigial – Sideband
