9

Science
Quarter 4 - Week 4 -
Module 4
Conservation of Mechanical Energy

AIRs - LM
Science 9
Quarter 4 Week 4 - Module 4: Conservation of Mechanical
Energy
First Edition, 2021

Copyright © 2021
La Union Schools Division
Region I

All rights reserved. No part of this module may be reproduced in any form
without written permission from the copyright owners.

Development Team of the Module

Author: Maricel N. Delos Reyes

Editor: SDO La Union, Learning Resource Quality Assurance Team

Illustrator: Ernesto F. Ramos, Jr., P II

Management Team:

Atty. Donato D. Balderas, Jr.

Schools Division Superintendent

Vivian Luz S. Pagatpatan, Ph.D

Assistant Schools Division Superintendent

German E. Flora, Ph.D, CID Chief

Virgilio C. Boado, Ph.D, EPS in Charge of LRMS

Rominel S. Sobremonte, Ed.D, EPS in Charge of Science

Michael Jason D. Morales, PDO II

Claire P. Toluyen, Librarian II

 Target

In this module, you will learn about the changes in the forms of energy
especially mechanical energy and its conservation conceptually and mathematically
as applied in many natural events as well as in the working principles of man-made
structures such as rides and electric power plants.

To help you understand the module, you will be doing the following activities:

Lesson 1: Transformation of Energy

Energy transformations in various activities

Lesson 2: Conservation of Mechanical Energy

Quantifying Mechanical Energy

At the end of this module, you are expected to:

Perform activities to demonstrate conservation of mechanical energy (S9FE-

IVd-40)

Specifically, the activities will enable you to:

Trace and explain the energy transformations in various activities

Perform activities to demonstrate conservation of mechanical energy

Ascertain that the total mechanical energy remains the same during any
process
Pre-Test
Multiple Choice: Read and answer the questions in the best way you can. Write the
letter of the correct answer on a separate sheet of paper.

1. What is the energy of a motorcycle moving slowly at the top of a hill?

A. entirely kinetic B. entirely potential
C. entirely gravitational D. both kinetic and potential

2. Which event does not describe potential energy being changed into kinetic energy?
A. A box sliding down a ramp B. A mango falling from a crate
C. A pen spring being compressed D. A stretched rubber band got loosened

3. Which event illustrates the direct transformation of potential to kinetic energy?

A. A kalesa moves from rest
B. A basketball player catches a flying ball
C.
D. The spring mechanism of a toy is rotated until it locked

4. Which of the following happens to raindrops?

A. Loses potential energy and gains kinetic energy
B. Loses both potential energy and kinetic energy
C. Gains potential energy and loses kinetic energy
D. Gains both potential energy and kinetic energy

5. A decorative stone fell off the fence. Considering the presence of air, how does the
kinetic energy (K) of the stone just before striking the ground compare to its potential
energy (U) on the fence?
A. K is equal to U B. K is greater than U
C. K is less than U D. It is impossible to tell

6. A picture frame falls off the wall. Considering the presence of air, how does the
kinetic energy (KE) is just before striking the floor compare to the potential energy
(PE) at its hanging point?
A. KE is equal to PE B. KE is greater than PE
C. KE is lesser than PE D. It is impossible to tell

7. A runner jumps over a hurdle. Neglecting friction, the potential energy of the runner
at the highest point compared to his kinetic energy at the lowest point is____________.
A. equal B. greater C. lesser D. not related

8. In the Agus VI Hydroelectric Power (HEP) Plant, which energy transformation takes
place?
A. Electrical energy mechanical energy electrical energy
B. Gravitational potential energy kinetic energy electrical
energy
C. Heat mechanical energy electrical energy
D. Nuclear energy heat electrical energy
9. What is the total mechanical energy of a yoyo?
A. Can never be negative
B. Is constant, if only conservative forces act
C. Is equally divided between kinetic energy and potential energy
D. At any one instant, is either all kinetic energy or all potential energy

10. What is the total mechanical energy of a swinging bungee jumper?

A. Can never be negative
B. Is constant, if only conservative forces act
C. Is equally divided between kinetic energy and potential energy
D. At any one instant, is either all kinetic energy or all potential energy

11. As an object falls from a cliff,

A. The kinetic energy increases
B. The potential energy increases
C. The kinetic energy increases as the potential energy decreases
D. The kinetic energy decreases as the potential energy increases

12. As a body falls freely in the absence of air, the sum of its potential energy and its
kinetic energy is_________________.
A. increasing B. decreasing
C. the same D. decreasing then increasing

kinetic energy is _______.

A. four times as large B. half as large
C. twice as large D. four times less

14. The potential energy of a 1 k object on top of a hill is 18 J. What is its velocity in
m/s just before it hits the bottom of the hill?
A. 3 B. 6 C. 18 D. 36

15. A bag drops some distance and gains 90 J of kinetic energy. Considering air
resistance, how much gravitational potential energy did the bag lose?
A. more than 90 J B. exactly 90 J
C. less than 90 J D. cannot be determined from the information given
 LESSON Transformation of Energy
1

Jumpstart

What does the watch spring need to move its hand?

The battery-operated toy to run and a basketball player to win the game?

Discover

Energy is the capacity to do work. A wound watch spring, a car battery,

a person who eats regularly- all have a capacity for doing work because they
possess energy. The stored energy possessed by a wound watch spring in
converted to mechanical energy which makes the hands of the watch move.
The chemical energy in a battery is changed to electrical energy that runs the
engine motor. The engine motor converts the electrical energy into mechanical
energy by making the other parts of the engine work to make the car move.
These different examples show that energy can exist in many forms.

In general, the energy acquired by objects upon which work is done

known as mechanical energy. When mechanical energy is involved, something
moves. Our knowledge of mechanical energy is used to help design things like
bridges, engines, cars, tools, parachutes and even buildings!
 Table 1 Different Forms of Mechanical Energy

A. It is commonly PEgrav =mgh Where:

Potential known as energy at PE grav
Energy rest
= gravitational
It is the energy in potential energy
matter due to
m= mass of
arrangements of its
object
parts, its
composition, g= acceleration
location and due to gravity
structure. h= height or
elevation
differences
Forms of
Potential energy
a. Gravitational PEelas=kx2 Where:
b. Elastic 2 PEelas=elastic
potential energy
K = spring
constant
x = compression
or extension
length
B. It is the energy in KE = mv2 Where:
Kinetic moving matter and 2 KE = kinetic
Energy wave. energy
Forms of m = mass of
kinetic energy object
a. Motion v = velocity of
b. Radiant object
c. Sound
d. Thermal
e. wave

Energy transfer refers to the movement of energy from one place to another.
Think of the electricity that flows from your wall socket, then moves through a
charger and into a battery. The energy is being transferred from the wall socket
to the battery.

Energy transformation means the changing of energy from one type to another,
eg. From kinetic energy to electrical energy or from potential to kinetic energy
Energy can be transferred (move from one location to another) and it can change
(transform) from one type to another-but the total amount of energy is
always conserved.
 Our bodies convert chemical energy in our food
into mechanical energy for us to move

An electric fan transforms electrical energy into

kinetic energy

The Sun transforms nuclear energy into heat and

light energy

Lightning converts electrical energy into light, heat

and sound energy

The Sun, a source of solar energy, transfers

thermal (heat) and light energy to humans,
animals and plants.

Source: https://www.teachengineering.org/lessons/view/duk_consenergy_rde_less
 Explore

Energy Transfers
I Objective: Identify the forms of energy in and out of the following situation.

ENERGY IN DEVICE ENERGY OUT

1________________ Solar Panel Electrical energy

Chemical Energy Electric fan 2_________________

3_________________ Radio 4_________________

Microphone 6_________________
5_________________

7_________________ Television 8_________________

 DEEPEN
Word Detective
Look for the words in the search puzzle vertically, horizontally and
diagonally using the given meaning below

M w E L A S T I C E H O P
P O T E N T I L V E M R O
S T T H E R M A L U O P T
P H W I V K W W J X T E E
O M U S O U N D L P I S N
P O T E N N I A L O O T T
G R A V I T A T I C N A I
L G R V K I N E T I C Z A
G R A V I T A T I O N A L

1. Energy stored as a result of applying to deform an elastic object.

2. Energy at rest

3. Energy in motion

4. Energy possessed by an object due to its position.

5. Energy that comes from the temperature of the heated substance

6. Movement of energy through a substance like air or water and is

caused by vibrations.

7. Also known as mechanical energy

8. Energy harnessed from ocean or sea waves .

 1
LESSON Conservation of
2 Mechanical Energy

Jumpstart

Refer to Fig 1. How would you

compare the total energy of the biker
in Locations T, O and P?

Source: https://www.solarschools.net/knowledge

Discover

The law of Conservation of Energy states that the energy can neither
be created nor destroyed; it is merely converted from one form to another. In terms of
mechanical energy, the sum of the potential and kinetic energies of an object remains
constant

ME1 = ME2 =ME

PE1 + KE 1 = PE2 + KE2 = PE3 + KE3
 Explore

Activity 1: Riding on a Pendulum

Learning Objectives
After this activity, students should be able to:

1. Understand the concepts of potential and kinetic energy.

2. Relate concepts of kinetic and potential energy to real life examples,
3. Use the concepts of kinetic energy, potential energy, and conservation of
energy to perform an experiment to determine an object's velocity.

Materials

2 stopwatches (borrow from other teachers or ask students to bring a watch with a
second hand from home)

masking tape
10 feet of string or fishing line
weight (to tie to string)
calculator

https://www.teachengineering.org/activities/view/cub_energy_lesson03_activity2
Procedure

Gather materials.
Tie the string(s) or line(s) to the ceiling, leaving enough slack to reach the
ground.
Place two pieces of tape on opposite sides of the hanging pendulum so that
their distances are 50 cm apart. The pendulum should rest in the middle of
the two pieces of tape.
Have students measure and record the height of the center of your weight
when it is resting at equilibrium and again when it has swung to one of the
pieces of tape.
Students should calculate the potential energy of the weight when it reaches
(swings to) the piece of tape. Each team member should do this, as a way to
verify the result.

Have two students synchronize two stopwatches, each holding one, and start
the stopwatches as soon as the weight is released.
The first student should stop her/his stopwatch when the pendulum reaches
the first piece of tape, and the second student should stop her/his watch when
it reaches the second piece of tape (the original piece).
Students should repeat the experiment three times.

Guide Questions:
1. Where will the pendulum have the greatest amount of energy
2. Why did the pendulum have the same period even when the weight started
from different heights?
3. At what location along the path of the pendulum
energy the greatest?
4. At what location along the path o the pendulum is the
gravitational energy the greatest? Why?

From the activity, you identified the points where the potential energy and
kinetic energy are in their greatest and smallest magnitude. Now you are ready to
quantify or measure the potential and kinetic energy from these points.
 Consider a 1-g stone dropped on top of a hill and reached the ground after 3
s. From your concept on free fall, the height of the hill can be computed using the
formula
h=1/2 agt2 and vt= agt since vi = 0

At t=0s, the object is 44.1 m from the ground. Using the equations for
Potential energy, we have

PE = mgh
= (1kg) (9.8 m/s2) (44.1 m)
= 432.18 J
The kinetic energy at t = 0 s is
KE = ½ mv2
= ½ (1kg) (0)2
=o

The Total Mechanical Energy of the free falling object at t=0s is

MET = PE + KE
= 432.18 + 0
= 423.18 J

At t = 1s, the Potential Energy is

PE = mgh
PE= ( 1 kg) 9.8 m/s2) (4.1 m- 4.9 m)
PE = (9.8 kgm/s2) (39.2 m)
PE = 384.16 J
The Kinetic Energyy at t = 1s is
KE = ½ mv2
KE = ½ (1 kg) ((.8 m/s)2
KE =48.02 J
The Total Mechanical Energy is
MET = PE + KE
MET = 384.16 J + 48.02 J
MET = 432.18 J

Summarizing the answers, you can see clearly the equivalence of the Total Mechanical
Energy in every second
Object that is freely falling gains kinetic energy since its velocity increases constantly.
On the other hand, its potential energy decreases since its height decreases. The
increase in its kinetic energy comes from the loss in its potential energy.
 Deepen

Solve the following problems.

1. A 2-kg toy car moves along a frictionless surface with a uniform speed of 6
m/s. What is its kinetic energy?
2. Budoy, a junior high school student, lifts a 3-kg book from the floor into a
cabinet 2.0 m high. With reference to the floor, how much potential energy
does the boy acquire?
3. A stone rolls down some distance and gains 45 J of kinetic energy. Considering
air resistance, how much gravitational potential energy did the bag lose?
4. A 98-kg basketball player runs at a speed of 7 m/s. What is his KE?
5. A boy has a mass of 45 kg and is running with a velocity of 8 m/s. Find the

Gauge

Direction: Read and answer the questions in the best way you can. Write the letter
of the correct answer on a separate sheet of paper.

1. Which event illustrates the direct transformation of potential to kinetic energy?

A. A kalesa moves from rest
B. A basketball player catches a flying ball
C.
D. The spring mechanism of a toy is rotated until it locked

2. Which of the following happens to raindrops?

A. Loses potential energy and gains kinetic energy
B. Loses both potential energy and kinetic energy
C. Gains potential energy and loses kinetic energy
D. Gains both potential energy and kinetic energy

3. What is the total mechanical energy of a yoyo?

A. Can never be negative
B. Is constant, if only conservative forces act
C. Is equally divided between kinetic energy and potential energy
D. At any one instant, is either all kinetic energy or all potential energy

4. What is the the total mechanical energy of a swinging bungee jumper?

A. Can never be negative
B. Is constant, if only conservative forces act
C. Is equally divided between kinetic energy and potential energy
D. At any one instant, is either all kinetic energy or all potential energy
5. What is the energy of a motorcycle moving slowly at the top of a hill?
A. Entirely kinetic B. Entirely potential
C. Entirely gravitational D. Both kinetic and potential

6. Which event does not describe potential energy being changed into kinetic energy?
A. A box sliding down a ramp
B. A mango falling from a crate
C. A pen spring being compressed
D. A stretched rubber band got loosened

7. The potential energy of a 1 k object on top of a hill is 18 J. What is its velocity in

m/s just before it hits the bottom of the hill?
A. 3 B. 6 C. 18 D. 36

8. A bag drops some distance and gains 90 J of kinetic energy. Considering air
resistance, how much gravitational potential energy did the bag lose?
A. More than 90 J
B. Exactly 90 J
C. less than 90 J
D. cannot be determined from the information given

9. A decorative stone fell off the fence. Considering the presence of air, how does the
kinetic energy (K) of the stone just before striking the ground compare to its
potential energy (U) on the fence?
A. K is equal to U B. K is greater than U
C. K is less than D. It is impossible to tell

10. A picture frame falls off the wall. Considering the presence of air, how does the
kinetic energy (KE) is just before striking the floor compare to the potential energy
(PE) at its hanging point?
A. KE is equal to PE B. KE is greater than PE
C. KE is lesser than PE D. It is impossible to tell

11. As an object falls from a cliff,

A. The kinetic energy increases
B. The potential energy increases
C. The kinetic energy increases as the potential energy decreases
D. The kinetic energy decreases as the potential energy increases

12. As a body falls freely in the absence of air, the sum of its potential energy and its
kinetic energy is_________________.
A. increasing B. decreasing
C. the same D. decreasing then increasing

13. A runner jumps over a hurdle. Neglecting friction, the potential energy of the
runner at the highest point compared to his kinetic energy at the lowest point
is_____________.
A. equal B. greater C. lesser D. not related
14 speed is doubled, its kinetic energy is _________.
A. four times as large
B. half as large
C. twice as large
D. four times less

15. In the Agus VI Hydroelectric Power (HEP) Plant, which energy transformation
takes place?
A. Electrical energy mechanical energy electrical energy
B. Gravitational potential energy kinetic energy electrical
energy
C. Heat mechanical energy electrical energy
D. Nuclear energy heat electrical energy