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John Trevino

Mrs. Briones

English 1302-261

March 27, 2024

ADHD Issues: An Annotated Bibliography

Attention-deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD) is a disorder that has affected many

people all over the world in one way or another. ADHD is a neural developmental disorder which

is usually found during childhood and frequently lasts into a person’s adulthood. The most

common traits for a person with ADHD are inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. With

inattention, individuals will find it complicated to stay focused on tasks, keeping their attention

and staying organized. Hyperactivity involves when an individual seems to be always on the

move to the point where it is excessive and at times inappropriate. These people will seem

wrestles and will often fidget around. Lastly with impulsivity a person will do an act without

much thought, self-control, or consideration of the consequence. It is because of these reasons

we need to educate ourselves more so we can better understand these people and how they think.

Certain studies show that children born prematurely seem to have ADHD or some kind of

learning disability, by the age of seven years and younger. It starts to affect their lives and their

learning ability. It also shows that when they reach eight-years of age they stop showing severe

signs and so children that were not diagnosed when they were younger will now find it harder to

be diagnosed because they don’t show the signs and people will just chock it up and say it’s a

over hyper kid. So, people have done tests comparing a child who was born prematurely and a

child born at full term both at the age of eight years or younger. By doing these tests it also

shows children with physical disability and the impact that they go through, but children that
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were born in full term show that they don’t struggle in the same way that kids born prematurely

do. With these results scientists have gotten better at identifying a person with ADHD or even

another disability. (ADD MORE)

Children With ADHD Understanding Emotions

Facial expressions are very important to a growing child in many ways. It helps to guide

a child through identifying emotions, social cues and even helps themselves to understanding

how they feel. The ability to read emotional facial expressions is known as Facial emotion

recognition (FER). People who have Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) have

been known to have issues when it comes to reading facial expressions. This is because people

with ADHD lack the proper resources during social interactions to pick up on facial cues and

often misconceive an individual’s emotions. There have been very few studies about this theory

however recent research which included test subjects ages 6-10 with different levels of ADHD,

other known disorders, different genders, and races have shown young children with severe

ADHD tend to have more difficulty interpreting facial expression as opposed to those who are

lower on the scale. This current study seems to support the evidence that young children with

ADHD have great difficulty with FER. (ADD MORE) I would like to add that me a person that

has ADHD, I can relate with a lot of the things that this article is saying. When I was younger I

too would find it harder to understand what people were feeling and sometimes that would be

very frustrating because there would be time when I would say or something that maybe wasn’t

appropriate at the moment and it took me time to really recognize the emotions that went with

there facial expressions and.

Omega-3
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The Omega-3 acid is something that everyone has but some people are born with a lack

of it and that can cause all sorts of disabilities, like attention deficit hyperactive disorder

(ADHD). Even though there haven’t been as many studies or the sturdies we do have are not as

thorough, we can see that subjects that take Omega-3 supplements or eat foods that have high

levels of the acid, find it easier to control their ADHD. “The consumption of supplements

containing omega-3 LC-PUFA has been shown to be an effective measure in addition to the

administration of psychotropic drugs for treating several psychiatric diseases” (1 of 11).

Furthermore, they even started testing it on adults with ADHD and the results were also shows to

be very beneficial in many ways. (ADD MORE)

ADHD And Work

Various research studies have suggested that attention-deficit hyperactive disorder

(ADHD) affects an adult’s work participation “Sensory processing and sleep quality may be part

of the underlying mechanism that restricts ADHD work participation” (1236). What the cause is

for the disruption during an individual’s work is still unknown at this time a study which was

conducted. compared how sensory processing, a condition which affects how our brain operates

and processes the senses, and the quality of an individual's sleep can affect their work

participation. The study included sixty-nine adults with ADHD and a 52 in a control group who

do not have ADHD. They completed questionnaires which covered areas such as

sociodemographic, Adult/Adolescent sensory profiles, Mini Sleep and Occupational. The

outcome of the research that was conducted showed that the group who had ADHD had a notable

worse body function, inadequate sleep pattern, and lower sensory processing which overall

affected their work performance in comparison to the other group of individuals without ADHD.

The conclusion in this study was that the work performance for individuals who have ADHD
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may be influenced by their disorder and so much more research should be contemplated. (ADD

MORE) I have ADHD and when I work sometimes, I stop because I get distracted and by the

time I realize that I’ve been distracted an hour or two has passed by. So many people just say that

I’m “being lazy” or “I’m not trying hard enough”, but in reality it’s very hard to concentrate

when your mind it trying to think of a thousand things at once and sometimes it’s very

overwhelming.

Let’s Talks about Medication

For many years attention-deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD) has affected many people,

to help them through their day-to-day tasks they are prescribed or recommended medications,

usually this helps the individual lower their symptoms and help them focus and calm them down

but for others it has a complete opposite effect, it makes them lose concentration faster and

working becomes harder or even doesn't work for these people. We call them Nonresponders.

“Nonresponders are unaffected by the medication or have severe side effects” (1 of 17) there is

no way to tell who is a responder and Nonresponder, the only way to tell is having them take the

medication but even then taking then medication might work at the beginning or show that it

might be working, there is no clear way to know we can and cannot take the medication. (ADD

MORE)

Theta Alpha Delta

Attention-deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorder (ASD)

usually get confused with one another, and in many ways, they are the same both have trouble

developing control of their actions and emotions, but very different in many ways though. At a

young age it is hard to tell if a child has ADHD or ASD but once they start growing up the

symptoms become clearer and can be treated. Sometimes a child can have ADHD and ASD but
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with different levels on the spectrum. A way to tell is putting them through a machine and

checking their brain waves for theta alpha and Delta by using these it has become increasingly

easier and faster to identify children with ASD and ADHD or even both. The theta and the delta

brain waves of an ADHD and ASD patient are very different to a person who doesn’t have

ADHD or ASD, because for them their brain waves an abundance of slower theta ad delta waves

than usual. But for alpha, it’s usually tested for adult patients, even though you can use the test

on a child the test results might not be as clear but for adults that get starts with adult ADHD and

ASD it is very clear “neurophysiological profiles in ASD and ADHD may assist in characterising

more homogeneous subgroups to inform treatment approaches and aetiological investigations”

(110). (ADD MORE)

Alternative Medication

Attention deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD) has a lot of medications that help control

symptoms but sometimes these medications can have side effects on the person, so some parents

have decided to use alternative medicines, Complementary or alternative medicine (CAM). To

help their child reduce and even control ADHD, by doing meditation, yoga, and deep breathing

exercises and many more alternative medicines. It has shown that children with ADHD that don't

take the medication have fewer symptoms and less undesired side effects but the medication does

help a lot of children, so it is good to talk to a health care provider before having the child start

CAM Parents' reasons for the use of CAM, “among their children with ADHD included their

unique function in reducing ADHD symptoms and their lack of unwanted side-effects” (1 of 8).

(ADD MORE)

Conclusion
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In conclusion, attention deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD) has many issues and in a lot

of ways should have more in depth research on it because there is just so much that we do not

know and yes even though we have all these articles and testes, it feels more like people with

ADHD are just being tested on. For example, people that are “Nonresponders” can’t take the

normal ADHD medication because it just doesn’t work on them. Or even when talking about

children born prematurely and how they are more likely to have ADHD, but it still took a lot of

time and testing to figure out signs and a prober diagnostic. ADHD to a lot of people seem like a

world ending disease that people with ADHD can never have a real job but that is not true,

ADHD is an opportunity to work and be better, even though it’s hard and there isn’t as much

research as there should be, there’s help out there and those people are not alone. (ADD MORE)

Ceyte, Hadrien, et al. “Mobility May Impact Attention Abilities in Healthy Term or Prematurely

Born Children at 7-Years of Age: Protocol for an Intervention Controlled Trial.” BMC

Pediatrics, vol. 18, no. 1, 2018, pp. 264–264, https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-018-1229-1.

Dede, Breanna, and Bradley A. White. “Social Problems in Young Children: The Interplay of

ADHD Symptoms and Facial Emotion Recognition.” Cognition and Emotion, vol. 37, no.

8, 2023, pp. 1368–75, https://doi.org/10.1080/02699931.2023.2258582.

Fuentes-Albero, Milagros, et al. “Omega-3 Long-Chain Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Intake in

Children with Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder.” Brain Sciences, vol. 9, no.

5, 2019, pp. 120-, https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci9050120.

Grinblat, Nufar, and Sara Rosenblum. “Work Participation, Sensory Processing and Sleep

Quality in Adults with Attention-Deficit Hyperactive Disorder.” Work (Reading, Mass.),

vol. 73, no. 4, 2022, pp. 1235–10, https://doi.org/10.3233/WOR-211129.

Keilow, Maria, et al. “Medical Treatment of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

and Children’s Academic Performance.” PloS One, vol. 13, no. 11, 2018, pp. e0207905–

e0207905, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0207905.

Shephard, Elizabeth, et al. “Resting-State Neurophysiological Activity Patterns in Young People

with ASD, ADHD, and ASD + ADHD.” Journal of Autism and Developmental

Disorders, vol. 48, no. 1, 2018, pp. 110–22, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-017-3300-4.

Wang, Chunyun, et al. “Use of Complementary and Alternative Medicine in Children with

ADHD: Results from the 2012 and 2017 National Health Interview Survey.”

Complementary Therapies in Medicine, vol. 49, 2020, pp. 102352–102352,

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ctim.2020.102352.