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    Unit 4 Regionalism

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    Yaziee
    The document discusses Asian regionalism, providing details on its origins and development. It traces how regionalism in Asia began to take shape after World War 2 and accelerated after the Cold War ended in the late 1980s and 1990s. Key Asian institutions and their role in fostering regional cooperation are also examined.

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    Unit 4 Regionalism

    Uploaded by

    Yaziee
    5 views26 pages
    The document discusses Asian regionalism, providing details on its origins and development. It traces how regionalism in Asia began to take shape after World War 2 and accelerated after the Cold War ended in the late 1980s and 1990s. Key Asian institutions and their role in fostering regional cooperation are also examined.

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    lecture notes

    Original Title

    UNIT-4-REGIONALISM

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    The document discusses Asian regionalism, providing details on its origins and development. It traces how regionalism in Asia began to take shape after World War 2 and accelerated after the Cold War ended in the late 1980s and 1990s. Key Asian institutions and their role in fostering regional cooperation are also examined.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    5 views26 pages

    Unit 4 Regionalism

    Uploaded by

    Yaziee
    The document discusses Asian regionalism, providing details on its origins and development. It traces how regionalism in Asia began to take shape after World War 2 and accelerated after the Cold War ended in the late 1980s and 1990s. Key Asian institutions and their role in fostering regional cooperation are also examined.

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    ASIAN

    REGIONALISM
    THE CONTEMPORARY WORLD
    REGIONALISM
    •Refers to the decentralization of political
    powers or competencies from a higher
    towards a lower political level. Regionalism
    strengthened collective identity in a
    conglomerate of nations occupying a
    particular geographic area or aiming at
    shared goals; increase in economic
    exchanges in particular area.
    WHEN DID ASIAN
    REGIONALISM START?
    • Regionalism in Asia developed toward the end
    of the Cold War
    • During the Cold War era, a few regional
    institutions at the governmental level were
    active in Asia.
    • 1947- The Economic Commission for Asia &
    the Far East, which was the first regional
    institution established in Asia.
    WHEN DID ASIAN
    REGIONALISM START?
    •1967- ASEAN was established. Initially, it
    contributed to the development of the
    institutional core of Asian regionalism.
    •1950- Regionalism flourished in Europe.
    •1960- it spread to other developing regions
    including Asia
    WHEN DID ASIAN
    REGIONALISM START?
    • Mid-1980s - regionalism was revitalized in
    Europe, and North America.
    • And after that the institutionalization of Asia
    was promoted in the 1990’s and 2000’s
    following the end of the Cold War.
    • According to Tanaka and Inoguchi (1996) that
    after the Cold War, the relations between
    • nations have been dynamic and unique
    Post-Cold War International Relations

    • A. Countries tend to rely on global platforms such as the United


    Nations in resolving regional conflicts, thus paving the way for
    the emergence of peacekeeping initiatives and regional trade
    alliances.
    • Conflicts between nations are still present. Example is
    territorial disputes. Wherein this territorial disputes have
    implications on assertion of political powers in a certain region.
    In the past, conflicts could have been resolved outright by
    blood war, but in the contemporary world, nations are using
    diplomatic means to mitigate the possibility of wars.
    Post-Cold War International Relations
    • Examples of existing territorial conflicts
    • South China Sea territorial disputes covering
    islands and reefs (China vs several nations
    including the Philippines, Brunei, Vietnam,
    Indonesia)
    • Senkaku (Diaoyu) islands, East China Sea
    (China vs Japan)
    • Korea Peninsula (North Korea vs South Korea)
    Post-Cold War International Relations

    • B. Emergence of regional cooperation among


    countries to achieve political and economic
    goals. Countries have become more open to
    collaborate with other countries in terms
    economic and human development.
    • 1. Economic development- grants
    • 2. Human development- scholarships
    Post-Cold War International Relations

    •C. Nations’ commitment to their cultural


    identities. According to Huntington (1996)
    stated that in the Post-Cold War there has
    been a shift from Western countries to
    group of nations with similar cultural
    identities. Nations are becoming more
    committed to other nations which cultural
    identity they share.
    Degrees of Regionalism

    • 1. Region as geographical unit.- a region can be interpreted as a


    place, as a physical environment.
    • 2. Region as social system.- a region can be interpreted as a
    conglomerate of people occupying a particular space and
    possessing a unique dynamics of interaction.
    • 3. Region as organized cooperation- a region can be interpreted
    as a group of nations who agree to take part and form a formal
    organization. For instance, Southeast Asia is a region within
    Asia, and it has been formalized through membership in the
    Association of South East Asian Nations or ASEAN.
    ASIA
    • The largest and most populate continent in
    the world. Geographically, it is separates from
    the European continent by the Urals, from
    Africa by Suez Canal, from the North America
    by the Bering Strait. It is comprised of distinct
    regions such as central asia, east asia, south
    asia, southest asia, and the west asia. (Near
    East, Middle East and Far East)
    ASIA

    •Asia has been the cradle of several ancient


    Civilization.
    •However, (ADB, 2008) stated in the
    contemporary world, Asia has become an
    economic force characterized by reduced
    poverty and fast pace economic
    development.
    1.The Globalization of Religion 3
    2.The Global City 3
    3.Global Demography 3
    4.Global Migration 3
    5.Sustainable Development 3
    6.Global Food Security 3
    7.Global Citizenship 3
    8.Environmental Issues: Climate Change 2
    9.Environmental Issues: Disaster Response 2
    10.Environmental Issues: Solid Waste Management 2
    1.Social Issues: Human Rights 2
    2.Social Issues: Gender Advocacy Development 2
    3.Social Issues: Cyberworld 2
    4.Economic Issues: Labor Issues 2
    5.Economic Issues: Poverty 2
    6.Economic Issues: Overseas Workers 2
    7.Health Issues: Pandemic Preparation and Response 2
    8.Health Issues: Mental Health 2
    9.Health Issues: Malnutrition 2
    ASIA

    •Asia has been the cradle of several


    ancient Civilization.
    Views of Globalization in the Asia
    Pacific and South Asia
    • Globalization is an external phenomenon
    being pushed into the region by world powers
    particularly the United States and Europe.
    From this perspective, globalization can be
    understood as a process that transforms the
    Asia Pacific and South Asia. It is a force for
    good bringing economic development,
    political progress, and social and cultural
    diversity to the region.
    Views of Globalization in the Asia
    Pacific and South Asia
    • The Asia Pacific and South Asia refer together to
    the regions of East (or Northeast) Asia, South Asia,
    the Pacific Islands, and South Asia. It includes some
    of the world’s most economically developed states
    such as Japan, South Korea, Singapore, and Taiwan,
    and highly impoverished countries such as
    Cambodia, Laos, and Nepal. It also includes the
    largest and most populous states on the globe
    including China and India and some of the world’s
    smallest such as the Maldives and Bhutan
    Views of Globalization in the Asia
    Pacific and South Asia
    •The Asia and South Pacific has emerged
    over the past decade as a new political
    force in the world. The economies of Japan,
    Korea, Indonesia, Vietnam and Pakistan
    have strategic relevance in today’s global
    system. They are the focus of global
    powers outside the region.
    Views of Globalization in the Asia
    Pacific and South Asia
    • A foreign policy shift called “Pacific Pivot” was
    implemented by the United States to commit more
    resources and attention to the region. This shift
    which is also called “Atlantic Century” was termed
    “Pacific Century” by US Secretary of States Hilary
    Clinton. He stated that the Asia Pacific has become
    a key driver of global politics. It is the home to
    several key allies and important emerging powers
    like China, India, and Indonesia.
    Asia Pacific and South Asia’s Impact on
    Globalization
    •1. Japan embarked on procuring raw
    materials like coal and iron at
    unprecedented economies of scale
    allowing them to gain a competitive edge
    in the global manufacturing market as well
    as globalized shipping and procurement
    patterns which other countries modeled
    Asia Pacific and South Asia’s Impact on
    Globalization
    • 2. China pursues similar pattern of development at
    present and is now the world’s largest importers of
    basic raw materials such as iron and surpassed
    Japan, the US and Europe in steel production. It
    also surpassed the World bank in lending to
    developing countries. It had an enormous impact
    on the availability and consumption of goods
    around the world. This simple scale of China’s
    development is shaping and furthering
    globalization.
    Asia Pacific and South Asia’s Impact on
    Globalization
    •3. India opened -up and emphasized an
    export-oriented strategy. Textiles and
    other low wage sectors have been a key
    part of the economy with highly successful
    software development exports. It also
    plays a key role in global service provisions
    as trends in outsourcing and offshoring
    increase
    Asia Pacific and South Asia’s Impact on
    Globalization
    • 4. India and China have also become a major
    source of international migrant labor, which is
    also one of the fundamental characteristics of
    the era of globalization. This includes the
    migration of highly skilled labor into the high-
    tech industry based in Silicon Valley. India,
    China and the Philippines were three of the
    top four recipient states of migrant
    remittances.
    Asia Pacific and South Asia’s Impact on
    Globalization
    • 5. In culture and globalization in the region, the
    source of a wide variety of cultural phenomena that
    have spread outward to the West and the rest of
    the world is the region. Examples include “Hello
    Kitty” created in Japan including Anime, Pokemon,
    Power Rangers which become regional and global
    phenomenon; the regional and global rise of
    Korean popular culture called ‘K-Wave” comprising
    of Korean dramas, music (K-pop) and the smash hit
    “Gangnam Style” of Korean pop star PSY.

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