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    3639CH1-Fundamentals of Logic Design

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    Nitish Jha
    The document discusses number systems including binary, decimal, octal and hexadecimal. It covers converting between different number systems as well as arithmetic operations like addition and subtraction in binary. Key concepts covered include binary addition and subtraction, signed numbers, one's complement and two's complement representations.

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    3639CH1-Fundamentals of Logic Design

    Uploaded by

    Nitish Jha
    7 views74 pages
    The document discusses number systems including binary, decimal, octal and hexadecimal. It covers converting between different number systems as well as arithmetic operations like addition and subtraction in binary. Key concepts covered include binary addition and subtraction, signed numbers, one's complement and two's complement representations.

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    COA of sem-4

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    The document discusses number systems including binary, decimal, octal and hexadecimal. It covers converting between different number systems as well as arithmetic operations like addition and subtraction in binary. Key concepts covered include binary addition and subtraction, signed numbers, one's complement and two's complement representations.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    7 views74 pages

    3639CH1-Fundamentals of Logic Design

    Uploaded by

    Nitish Jha
    The document discusses number systems including binary, decimal, octal and hexadecimal. It covers converting between different number systems as well as arithmetic operations like addition and subtraction in binary. Key concepts covered include binary addition and subtraction, signed numbers, one's complement and two's complement representations.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 74

    1

    ITC405.1: Demonstrate the fundamentals of Digital Logic Design


    ▪ Number systems: Introduction to Number systems, Binary
    Number systems, Signed Binary Numbers, Binary, Octal,
    Decimal and Hexadecimal number and their conversions, 1’s
    and 2’s complement
    ▪ Combinational Circuits: NOT,AND,OR,NAND,NOR,EX-OR,EX-
    NOR Gates.
    ▪ Half & Full Adder and subtractor, Reduction of Boolean
    functions using K-map method (2,3,4 Variable), introduction to
    Multiplexers and Demultiplexers, Encoders & Decoders.
    ▪ Sequential Circuits: Introduction to Flip Flops: SR, JK, D, T,
    master slave flip flop, Truth Table.
    2
    ▪ Number systems include decimal, binary, octal and hexadecimal

    3
    4
    5
    6
    7
    8
    1. (11111)2
    2. (110101)2

    Ans:
    1. 31
    2. 53
    9
    10
    1. 1100.1011
    = 8+4+0+0+0.5+0+0.125+0.0625
    = 12.6875

    2. 101101.10101 = ???
    Ans: 45.65625

    3. 0.10101 = ???
    Ans: 0.65625
    11
    12
    13
    14
    1. 13
    2. 25

    Ans:
    1. 1101
    2. 11001
    15
    16
    17
    18
    1. 25.5
    2. 10.625

    Ans:

    1. 11001.1
    2. 1010.101

    19
    1. Sign-Magnitude representation
    2. One’s Complement representation
    3. Two’s Complement representation

    20
    ▪ Left most bit is sign bit, remaining bits represent magnitude
    of the number
    ▪ MSB=0 means positive

    ▪ MSB=1 means negative


    ▪ Problems
    ▪ Need to consider both sign and magnitude in arithmetic
    ▪ Two representations of zero (+0 and -0)

    Sign Magnitude
    B7 B6 B5 B4 B3 B2 B1 B0 21
    Eg1: +18 = 00010010
    -18 = 10010010

    Eg2: +68 = 1000100


    -68 = 11000100

    22
    Questions Answers

    1. 101100 1. -12
    2. 001000 2. +8
    3. 0111 3. +7
    4. 1111 4. -7

    23
    ▪ The ones' complement of a binary number is defined as the value
    obtained by inverting all the bits in the binary representation of the
    number (swapping 0s and 1s).
    ▪ The ones' complement of the number then behaves like the negative
    of the original number in some arithmetic operations.
    Eg: (+5) – (0101)
    (-5) - (1010)

    24
    Eg1: (+7) – (0111)
    (-7) - (1000)
    Eg2: (+8) - (01000)
    (-8) – (10111)
    Eg3: (+15) –(01111)
    (-15) – (10000)
    For n-bit number, the maximum positive number which can be
    represented in 1’s complement representation is (2n-1 -1) & maximum
    negative number is –(2n-1 -1).
    25
    26
    27
    ▪ +3 = 00000011 ▪ One representation of zero
    ▪ +2 = 00000010 ▪ Arithmetic works easily (see later)
    ▪ +1 = 00000001 ▪ Negating is fairly easy
    ▪ +0 = 00000000 ▪ 3 = 00000011
    ▪ Boolean complement gives 11111100
    ▪ -1 = 11111111
    ▪ Add 1 to LSB 11111101
    ▪ -2 = 11111110
    ▪ -3 = 11111101

    28
    ▪ Two's complement representation uses the MSB as a sign bit.

    ▪ Range: -2n-1 through 2n-1 -1

    ▪ 8 bit 2s complement
    ▪ +127 = 01111111 = 27 -1
    ▪ -128 = 10000000 = -27

    ▪ 16 bit 2s complement
    ▪ +32767 = 011111111 11111111 = 215 - 1
    ▪ -32768 = 100000000 00000000 = -215

    29
    30
    31
    32
    33
    34
    11001100
    + 11011010

    Ans: 110100110

    35
    A B Sub (A-B) Borrow
    0 0 0 0
    1 0 1 0
    1 1 0 0
    0 1 1 1

    36
    37
    38
    39
    40
    41
    10101 - 00111
    ▪ Take 2's complement of subtrahend 00111, which is
    11001. Now, sum them. So,
    ▪ 10101+11001 =1 01110.
    ▪ In the above result, we get the carry bit 1. So we
    discard this carry bit and remaining is the final
    result and a positive number.

    42
    10101 - 10111

    ▪ Take 2's complement of subtrahend 10111, which comes


    out 01001. Now, we add both of the numbers. So,
    ▪ 10101+01001 =11110.
    ▪ In the above result, we didn't get the carry bit. So calculate
    the 2's complement of the result, i.e., 00010. It is the
    negative number and the final answer.

    43
    44
    45
    46
    47
    ▪ The octal numeral system is the base-8 number system, and uses the digits 0 to 7.

    48
    49
    50
    ▪365.24=???

    Ans: 245.3125

    51
    52
    1. 100 = ??
    2. 214 = ??

    Ans:
    1. 144
    2. 326

    53
    54
    55
    658.825 = ???

    Ans:
    1222.646

    56
    57
    58
    ▪Convert (736)8 into an equivalent binary
    number

    ▪Ans:
    ▪111011110

    59
    60
    1. 1001110
    2. 0.10100110

    Ans:
    1. 116
    2. 0.514
    61
    62
    63
    64
    65
    ▪ Obtain decimal equivalent of hexadecimal number
    (3A.2F)

    ▪ Ans: 58.1836

    66
    67
    68
    Convert 95.5 into hexadecimal number.

    Ans: 5F.8

    69
    70
    71
    ▪ Convert 2F9A to equivalent binary
    ▪ Ans: 0010 1111 1001 1010

    ▪ Convert 10100110101111 into equivalent hex number

    ▪ Ans: 0010 1001 1010 1111


    2 9 A F
    =(29AF)H

    72
    1. Convert the binary number 1011.01 into its equivalent decimal.
    2. Convert the octal number (314)8 into its equivalent decimal.
    3. Convert the octal number (365.24)8 into its equivalent decimal.
    4. Convert the hex number (4C8.2)16 into its equivalent decimal.
    5. Convert decimal number 105 into its equivalent binary number.
    6. Convert decimal number 204 into its equivalent octal number.
    7. Convert decimal number 259 into its equivalent hex number.

    73
    8. Convert decimal number (85.63) into its equivalent binary
    number.
    9. Convert decimal number (3000.45) into its equivalent octal
    number.
    10. Convert decimal number (2003.31) into its equivalent hex
    number.
    11. Convert decimal number (0.42) into its equivalent binary
    number.
    12. Convert decimal number (0.6234) into its equivalent octal
    number.
    13. Convert decimal number (0.122) into its equivalent hex number. 74

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