VISUELE GELETTERDHEID

Christa Van Staden

ABBOTTS COLLEGE PRETORIA EAST
 VISUAL LITERACY / VISUELE GELETTERDHEID
We live in a visual world full of images: Ons lewe in ‘n visuele wêreld vol beelde:
 Television  Televisie
 Film  Films
 Pictures  Prente
 Road Signs  Padtekens
 Advertisements etc.  Advertensies ens.

Visual literacy enables us to understand and Visuele geletterdheid bemagtig ons om

appreciate the use of images. visuele beelde te verstaan en te gebruik.

 Visual literacy is the skill to see,  Visuele geletterdheid is die vermoë om

understand, think, create and te sien, te verstaan, om grafies te dink,
communicate graphically. te skep en te kommunikeer.

 The visually literate person will be  In hierdie geval sal die visueel geletterde
capable of assessing any image persoon in staat wees om krities na
critically as well as analysing and enige beeld te kyk om dít wat die
interpreting what the artist wanted the kunstenaar vir die kyker wil deurgee, te
viewer to know. kan ontleed en vertolk.

 These skills can be applied to any visual  Hierdie vaardighede kan deurgaans op
material - photo's, pictures, drawings and die verskillende visuele elemente
graphic art forms like cartoons, comics, toegepas word, nl. foto’s, prente,
illustrations, films and maps. tekeninge, grafiese kunsvorme soos
spotprente, strokiesprente en illustrasies,
films, kaarte, ens.

All these visual elements give information Al hierdie visuele elemente stel inligting vry
that the viewer must be able to analyse. wat die kyker moet kan vertolk.
WAAROM IS DIT NOODSAAKLIK OM
VISUELE GELETTERDHEID TE KAN DOEN?

VRAESTEL 1
Vraag 1 Vraag 3
Teks B Teks D
Grafieke / Statistieke / Advertensie
Vergelykende data
10 punte/
6 punte Statistieke /
Vergelykende data

Vraag 4 Vraag 5
Teks E Teks G
Spotprent / Prent
Strokiesprent
6 punte
10 punte

GEVOLGTREKKING

32 van die 80 punte van die vraestel bestaan uit visuele gelettterdheid: dws 40%
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 VRAAG 1 – TEKS B
GRAFIEKE / STATISTIEKE / VERGELYKENDE DATA / SPOTPRENTE

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 HINTS WENKE
KNOW TERMS LIKE: KEN BEGRIPPE SOOS:
 Same amount  Ewe veel
 Most  Die meeste
 The least  Die minste
 Target Group  Teikengroep
 Quickest  Vinnigste
 Slowest  Stadigste
 Bias  Partydigheid
 Stereotyping  Stereotipering
 Do you agree? Motivate your answer.  Stem jy saam? Motiveer jou antwoord.

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 VRAAG 3 – TEKS D
ADVERTENSIE

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 The audience's attention must Die gehoor se aandag moet
Attention be drawn in one way or another.
Aandag getrek word op een of ander
Big words, an interesting picture manier. Groot woorde, ‘n
... interessante prentjie...
The reader's attention must be Die leser se aandag moet gehou
I nterest
kept to read the entire
B elangstelling
word sodat hy/sy die hele
advertisement. advertensie lees.
Human needs and desires must Menslike behoeftes en
D esire
be targeted. It usually gives the
B egeerte
begeertes moet geteiken word.
reader a reason why they have Dit gee gewoonlik vir die leser ‘n
to buy it. rede hoekom hul dit moet koop.
The potential buyer must be Die potensiële koper moet
A ction
encouraged to act; he / she
A ksie
aangespoor word tot aksie;
must (need) buy the product or hy/sy moet die produk of diens
service. (wil) koop.
HINTS WENKE
 What is the headline of the ad?  Wat is die kop van die advertensie?
 How is the head / title emphasized?  Hoe word die kop / titel beklemtoon?
 Which product is being advertised?  Watter produk wat geadverteer?
 Who is the target market / target group?  Wie is die teikenmark / teikengroep?
 How will you draw the reader's attention?  Hoe gaan jy die leser se aandag trek?
 Is it formal or informal?  Is dit formeel of informeel?
 Serious or humorous?  Ernstig of humoristies?
 Illustrations  Illustrasies
 Is there alliteration and assonance?  Is daar alliterasie en assonansie
 Where can you get it?  Waar kry jy dit?
 What does it cost?  Wat kos dit?
 Which advertising techniques are used?  Watter advertensietegnieke word gebruik?
 Pun  Woordspeling

VRAAG 4 – TEKS E
SPOTPRENTE / STROKIESPRENTE

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WHEN ANALYSING CARTOONS WE LOOK AT THE FOLLOWING:
1. THE CHARACTERS

 Do they represent stereotypes?

An exaggerated preconceived generalisation about the typical behaviour, attitudes, dress,
etc. of various types of people.
 Are they caricatures? (ridiculous exaggerations)
Features or actions of a person are exaggerated to help the reader work out who is being
represented. E.g. Nelson Mandela may be drawn in a Madiba shirt or Prince Charles may
be drawn with big ears.

 Note their facial expressions and body language.

The facial expressions and positioning of a person that provide non-verbal clues about
their mood and attitude.
 Irony: When one thing is said, but something else is meant. (Remember to give BOTH
sides, otherwise it will be 0)
2. BACKGROUND AND SETTING
 Where and when is the scene taking place?
 Is the cartoon based on facts or fiction?
3. LANGUAGE AND PUNCTUATION
 Do they use slang in the cartoon?
 Does it use single words, phrases or sentences?
 Does the punctuation affect the mood and tone?
4. ACTIONS
 These are expressed pictorially by the clever use of lines, facial expressions and symbols.
5. OBJECTIVES
 Is the intention of the cartoon to educate, inform, entertain etc?
 Has the cartoonist achieved his or her objective?
 How has he or she achieved this objective?

HINTS WENKE
When looking at a comic strip or a cartoon, pay Wanneer jy na ‘n strokiesprent kyk, moet jy
attention to the following: aandag aan die volgende gee:

 Body language of characters (How do they  Die lyftaal van die karakters (Hoe gebruik
use their bodies to convey a certain hulle hul lywe om ‘n sekere boodskap oor
message: non-verbal communication) te dra: nie-verbale kommunikasie.)

 Gestures (Movement of hands)  Gebare (Beweging van die hande)

 Facial expression (Do they look sad, happy,  Gesigsuitdrukkings (Lyk hulle hartseer,
irritated etc.) gelukkig, geïrriteerd ens.)

 Verbal communication (What do the  Verbale kommunikasie (Wat sê die

characters say?) karakters?)

 Tone (of voice)  Toon (van stem)

 Setting (What is the background to the  Agtergrond (Wat is die agtergrond t.o.v. die
pictures) prente)

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 Scale (Is one character bigger than the  Skaal (Is een karakter groter as die ander?)
other?)

 Stereotypes and Caricatures  Stereotipes en Karikature

 Speech bubbles (Words of characters)  Praatborrels (Woorde van karakters)

 Thought bubbles (Characters thoughts)  Gedagteborrels (Gedagtes van karakters)

 FONT size (size of letters in text)  Lettergrootte (grootte van letters in teks)

TERMINOLOGY TERMINOLOGIE
 Frame: one drawing in a  Raampies

comic strip.

 Strokiesprent

 Comic strip: sequences of drawings telling a

humorous or adventurous story – found in
newspapers, etc

 Praatborrels
(Woorde/dialoog van karakters)
 Speech bubble: Or a line
between the speaker and the Speech
words to indicate who is bubble
speaking.
 Dinkborrels / gedagteborrels
(Gedagtes van karakters)
 Thought bubble: look like Thought
clouds – indicate unspoken bubble
thoughts.
 Skreeborrel

 Scream bubble: look like a star – indicated

shouting
Scream
 Onomatopee bubble
 Klanknabootsing / onomatopee
Illustreer klanke of geluide
Klankeffekte: onomatopee wat spesifieke
klanke weergee (bv. tok-tok-tok)

 Movement: indicated
by means of vertical,
curved and diagonal  Spoedstrepe/bewegingstrepe: is lyntjies wat
lines. Speedy action beweging voorstel
is indicated by
streaky lines, or by
the action going out
of the frame.

 Shooting cloud:
explosion or hard
sound  Skietwolk: ontploffing of ‘n knal

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 Punctuation: clever use is made of
punctuation to create meaning.
 Leestekengebruik: Slimgebruik van
leestekens om ‘n bepaalde boodskap oor te
dra.

 Sizes of letters and usage of capital letters

 Lettergrootte en redes vir gebruik van

hoofletters

 Symbolic: light bulb above the character’s

head to indicate he knows the answer
 Simboliek: gloeilampie bokant die karakter
se kop wat beteken dat hy die lig gesien het
en die idee gesnap het.

 To sleep

 Dat iemand slaap wat weergegee word deur

 To swear ʼn saag wat ʼn stomp saag of ʼn klomp zzzz in
ʼn ry.

 %@#! of iets soortgelyks wat beteken om te

vloek / lelik te praat.
 To look in one direction: gaze

 ʼn Klomp stippels in ʼn ry wat wys dat iemand

in ʼn sekere rigting kyk, of (messe in ʼn ry wat
ʼn bose kyk weergee).
 Loud music

 ʼn Gekrap of sterre om harde musiek of vals

 Facial musiek weer te gee.
expressions /
emotions

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  Tipiese gesigsuitdrukkings om sekere
emosies weer te gee

 You must know how to interpret literal

(denotative) and figurative (connotational)
meaning of visual stimuli  Jy moet weet hoe om letterlike
(denotatiewe) en figuurlike (konnotatiewe)
betekenis van visuele stimuli te interpreteer.

VRAAG 5 – TEKS G
PRENT

NOVEMBER 2014 NOVEMBER 2017

HINTS WENKE
 Any type of language questions can be  Enige tipe taalvrae word oor prente
asked about images. gevra.
 Vocabualary  Woordeskat

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