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    Database Connection Using JDBC To Java Application Note

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    Bipin Bhatta
    The document discusses how to establish a database connection to a Java application using JDBC. It covers importing necessary packages, registering the JDBC driver, formulating the database URL, creating a connection object, and closing the connection.

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    Database Connection Using JDBC To Java Application Note

    Uploaded by

    Bipin Bhatta
    14 views6 pages
    The document discusses how to establish a database connection to a Java application using JDBC. It covers importing necessary packages, registering the JDBC driver, formulating the database URL, creating a connection object, and closing the connection.

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    Database Management System

    Original Title

    Database Connection using JDBC to Java Application Note

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    The document discusses how to establish a database connection to a Java application using JDBC. It covers importing necessary packages, registering the JDBC driver, formulating the database URL, creating a connection object, and closing the connection.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    14 views6 pages

    Database Connection Using JDBC To Java Application Note

    Uploaded by

    Bipin Bhatta
    The document discusses how to establish a database connection to a Java application using JDBC. It covers importing necessary packages, registering the JDBC driver, formulating the database URL, creating a connection object, and closing the connection.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    You are on page 1of 6

    Database Connection using JDBC to Java

    Application Note:

    After you've installed the appropriate driver, it is time to establish a database


    connection using JDBC.

    The programming involved to establish a JDBC connection is fairly simple.


    Here are these simple four steps −

     Import JDBC Packages: Add import statements to your Java program to


    import required classes in your Java code.

     Register JDBC Driver: This step causes the JVM to load the desired driver
    implementation into memory so it can fulfill your JDBC requests.

     Database URL Formulation: This is to create a properly formatted address that


    points to the database to which you wish to connect.

     Create Connection Object: Finally, code a call to


    the DriverManagerobject's getConnection( ) method to establish actual database
    connection.

    Import JDBC Packages


    The Import statements tell the Java compiler where to find the classes you
    reference in your code and are placed at the very beginning of your source
    code.

    To use the standard JDBC package, which allows you to select, insert, update,
    and delete data in SQL tables, add the following imports to your source code
    −

    import java.sql.* ; // for standard JDBC programs

    import java.math.* ; // for BigDecimal and BigInteger support

    Register JDBC Driver


    You must register the driver in your program before you use it. Registering
    the driver is the process by which the Oracle driver's class file is loaded into
    the memory, so it can be utilized as an implementation of the JDBC
    interfaces.

    You need to do this registration only once in your program. You can register
    a driver in one of two ways.

    Approach I - Class.forName()
    The most common approach to register a driver is to use
    Java's Class.forName() method, to dynamically load the driver's class file
    into memory, which automatically registers it. This method is preferable
    because it allows you to make the driver registration configurable and
    portable.

    The following example uses Class.forName( ) to register the Oracle driver −

    try {

    Class.forName("oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver");

    catch(ClassNotFoundException ex) {

    System.out.println("Error: unable to load driver class!");

    System.exit(1);

    You can use getInstance() method to work around noncompliant JVMs, but
    then you'll have to code for two extra Exceptions as follows −

    try {

    Class.forName("oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver").newInstance();

    catch(ClassNotFoundException ex) {

    System.out.println("Error: unable to load driver class!");

    System.exit(1);

    catch(IllegalAccessException ex) {

    System.out.println("Error: access problem while loading!");


    System.exit(2);

    catch(InstantiationException ex) {

    System.out.println("Error: unable to instantiate driver!");

    System.exit(3);

    Approach II - DriverManager.registerDriver()
    The second approach you can use to register a driver, is to use the
    static DriverManager.registerDriver() method.

    You should use the registerDriver() method if you are using a non-JDK
    compliant JVM, such as the one provided by Microsoft.

    The following example uses registerDriver() to register the Oracle driver −

    try {

    Driver myDriver = new oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver();

    DriverManager.registerDriver( myDriver );

    catch(ClassNotFoundException ex) {

    System.out.println("Error: unable to load driver class!");

    System.exit(1);

    Database URL Formulation


    After you've loaded the driver, you can establish a connection using
    the DriverManager.getConnection() method. For easy reference, let me
    list the three overloaded DriverManager.getConnection() methods −

     getConnection(String url)

     getConnection(String url, Properties prop)

     getConnection(String url, String user, String password)


    Here each form requires a database URL. A database URL is an address that
    points to your database.

    Formulating a database URL is where most of the problems associated with


    establishing a connection occurs.

    Following table lists down the popular JDBC driver names and database URL.

    RDBMS JDBC driver name URL format

    MySQL com.mysql.jdbc.Driver jdbc:mysql://hostname/


    databaseName

    ORACLE oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver jdbc:oracle:thin:@hostname:port


    Number:databaseName

    DB2 COM.ibm.db2.jdbc.net.DB2Driver jdbc:db2:hostname:port


    Number/databaseName

    Sybase com.sybase.jdbc.SybDriver jdbc:sybase:Tds:hostname: port


    Number/databaseName

    All the highlighted part in URL format is static and you need to change only
    the remaining part as per your database setup.

    Create Connection Object


    We have listed down three forms
    of DriverManager.getConnection()method to create a connection object.

    Using a Database URL with a username and


    password
    The most commonly used form of getConnection() requires you to pass a
    database URL, a username, and a password:

    Assuming you are using Oracle's thin driver, you'll specify a


    host:port:databaseName value for the database portion of the URL.
    If you have a host at TCP/IP address 192.0.0.1 with a host name of amrood,
    and your Oracle listener is configured to listen on port 1521, and your
    database name is EMP, then complete database URL would be −

    jdbc:oracle:thin:@amrood:1521:EMP

    Now you have to call getConnection() method with appropriate username and
    password to get a Connection object as follows −

    String URL = "jdbc:oracle:thin:@amrood:1521:EMP";

    String USER = "username";

    String PASS = "password"

    Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(URL, USER, PASS);

    Using Only a Database URL


    A second form of the DriverManager.getConnection( ) method requires only
    a database URL −

    DriverManager.getConnection(String url);

    However, in this case, the database URL includes the username and password
    and has the following general form −

    jdbc:oracle:driver:username/password@database

    So, the above connection can be created as follows −

    String URL = "jdbc:oracle:thin:username/password@amrood:1521:EMP";

    Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(URL);

    Using a Database URL and a Properties Object


    A third form of the DriverManager.getConnection( ) method requires a
    database URL and a Properties object −

    DriverManager.getConnection(String url, Properties info);

    A Properties object holds a set of keyword-value pairs. It is used to pass


    driver properties to the driver during a call to the getConnection() method.
    To make the same connection made by the previous examples, use the
    following code −

    import java.util.*;

    String URL = "jdbc:oracle:thin:@amrood:1521:EMP";

    Properties info = new Properties( );

    info.put( "user", "username" );

    info.put( "password", "password" );

    Connection conn = DriverManager.getConnection(URL, info);

    Closing JDBC Connections


    At the end of your JDBC program, it is required explicitly to close all the
    connections to the database to end each database session. However, if you
    forget, Java's garbage collector will close the connection when it cleans up
    stale objects.

    Relying on the garbage collection, especially in database programming, is a


    very poor programming practice. You should make a habit of always closing
    the connection with the close() method associated with connection object.

    To ensure that a connection is closed, you could provide a 'finally' block in


    your code. A finally block always executes, regardless of an exception occurs
    or not.

    To close the above opened connection, you should call close() method as
    follows −

    conn.close();

    Explicitly closing a connection conserves DBMS resources, which will make


    your database administrator happy.

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