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    Pesticides Organophosphates

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    Nyahahaha
    The document discusses organophosphate pesticides, including their properties, toxic effects, management, and specific substances. Organophosphates can be absorbed through ingestion, inhalation, or dermal contact and cause toxicity by inhibiting cholinesterase. Management involves treatment of specific problems like seizures, acidosis, or pulmonary congestion with medications like atropine, diazepam, sodium bicarbonate, or furosemide.

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    Pesticides Organophosphates

    Uploaded by

    Nyahahaha
    11 views2 pages
    The document discusses organophosphate pesticides, including their properties, toxic effects, management, and specific substances. Organophosphates can be absorbed through ingestion, inhalation, or dermal contact and cause toxicity by inhibiting cholinesterase. Management involves treatment of specific problems like seizures, acidosis, or pulmonary congestion with medications like atropine, diazepam, sodium bicarbonate, or furosemide.

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    Pesticide Organophosphates toxicology

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    The document discusses organophosphate pesticides, including their properties, toxic effects, management, and specific substances. Organophosphates can be absorbed through ingestion, inhalation, or dermal contact and cause toxicity by inhibiting cholinesterase. Management involves treatment of specific problems like seizures, acidosis, or pulmonary congestion with medications like atropine, diazepam, sodium bicarbonate, or furosemide.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    11 views2 pages

    Pesticides Organophosphates

    Uploaded by

    Nyahahaha
    The document discusses organophosphate pesticides, including their properties, toxic effects, management, and specific substances. Organophosphates can be absorbed through ingestion, inhalation, or dermal contact and cause toxicity by inhibiting cholinesterase. Management involves treatment of specific problems like seizures, acidosis, or pulmonary congestion with medications like atropine, diazepam, sodium bicarbonate, or furosemide.

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    Yvonne May C.

    Plando Clinical Toxicology


    Jensel Clouie C. Reglos

    PESTICIDES: ORGANOPHOSPHATES
    Organophosphate Pesticides:

     can be absorbed via ingestion, inhalation, and dermal contact.


     inhibiting cholinesterase and leading to acetylcholine accumulation
     effects appearing within minutes to hours post-exposure.

    Characteristics/Properties:

     Liquid preparations use petroleum distillate solvents such as kerosene and xylene
     water-based formulations include isopropanol, potentially masking symptoms
     cholinergic effects depend on absorption amount and route.

    Toxicodynamics/Toxicokinetics:

     Mild poisoning: mainly muscarinic effects.


     Moderate: muscarinic and nicotinic symptoms.
     Severe: muscarinic, nicotinic, and CNS manifestations.

    Precautions:

    CONTRAINDICATED DRUGS:

     Aminoglycosides  Barbiturates  Sulfonamides


     Furosemide  Phenothiazines  Theophylline
     Aminophylline  Beta-blockers  other xanthines
     Morphine  Succinylcholine  Local anesthetics especially
     procaine derivatives

    Succinylcholine

     Specific Precautions:

     Do not administer IV atropine; use IM route and correct cyanosis before IV.
     History of phenothiazine/haloperidol intake warrants aggressive treatment due to
    worsened poisoning and increased mortality.
     Reatropinize in case of cholinergic symptoms indicating inadequate atropine levels.
     Watch for OPIDN weeks or months post-exposure.
     Adjust atropine dosage for symptoms like behavioral changes, fever, flushing, and
    tachyarrhythmias. Observe, hydrate, and avoid anticholinesterases.
     Avoid beta-blockers and lidocaine; opt for calcium blockers, phenytoin, or bretyllium.
     Administer furosemide for pulmonary edema with normal respiration and potassium levels,
    despite contraindication.
     Defer solid foods until patient is conscious and orally administered atropine; start with a
    liquid diet.
    Specific Substances:

    COMMONLY ENCOUNTERED ORGANOPHOSPHATES

    CATEGORY IA CATEGORY IB CATEGORY II CATEGORY III CATEGORY IV


     Ethoprophos  Dichlorvos/DDVP  Chlorpyrifos  Malathion  Temephos
     Methylparathion  Edifenphos  Diazinon  Primiphos
     Mevinphos  Methamidophos  Dimethoate methyl
     Phorate  Methidathion  Fenitrothion
     Phosphamidon  Monocrotophos  Fenthion
     Terbufos  Omethoate  Phenthion
     Triazophos  Phosalone
     Pyrazophos

    MANAGEMENT: SPECIFIC PROBLEMS ENCOUNTERED & TREATMENT/MANAGEMENT:


    Physical Examination:
     Check clinical features: pupil size, respiration, heart rate, cyanosis, sensorium, muscle
    fasciculations, tremors.

    TREATMENT OF SPECIFIC PROBLEMS:

    ACIDOSIS Sodium bicarbonate

    INFECTION Antibiotic specific for organism


    AVOID aminoglycosides and chloramphenicol

    PULMONARY Furosemide 1 mg/kg/dose


    CONGESTION or Atropine 1 ampule in 2 mL NSS as nebulization

    SEIZURES Diazepam
    Adult: 2.5-5.0 mg slow IV push
    Pedia: 0.3 mg/kg/dose IV
    Lorazepam
    Adult: 2.5-10 mg/dose repeated twice at intervals of 15-20 min prn.
    Usual dose is 4-5 mg/dose.
    Pedia: 0.05-0.1 mg/kg/dose IV up to a max of 4 mg/dose repeated twice
    at intervals of 10-15 min prn.
    Compatible with D5W
    Phenytoin
    10-20 mg/kg IV or PO loading dose then 5-7 mg/kg in 3 divided doses
    given at 25-50 mg/min.

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