Paralympic Sports

ADAPTED SPORTS
These are already existing sports in
which variations of regulations, material
or space are introduced so that they can
be practiced by people with disabilities.
In addition, each sport has its own
functional classification, depending on
the degree or type of disability. For
example, the degree of visual loss
(partial or total), the ability to move, etc.
 Colombian Paralympic Committee
Those Sports Federations are:
FEDESIR – Federación Colombiana de Deportes para
Personas con Discapacidad Física.
FEDELIV – Federación de deportes de limitados
visuales.
FEDES – Federación Colombiana de Deporte Especial.
FECDE PC – Federación Colombiana de Deportistas
con Parálisis Cerebral.
FEDECOLDES – Federación Colombiana Deportiva de
Sordos.
 Basketball
It was first introduced to rehabilitate
wounded American soldiers during World
War II, but its popularity quickly spread
throughout the world.

The skills taught in the activity can help

those with disabilities to stay active and
It is one of the most popular
hopefully become stronger through an
sports on the Paralympic
enjoyable activity.
programme.
 Safety Considerations
01
Present all 03 05
activity Orthopedic
Visual
according to impairment:
impairment:
the student’s Those with less
Use a brighter
physical control over
02 04 color for
characteristics their
sidelines to
and Deafness and wheelchair
prevent off
capabilities, as should use Asthma: Keep
hearing court
well as his/her impairment: wider wheels to the prescription
collisions
mental age. Play inside a prevent tipping (inhaler) close
to the activity
gym with few
area
students
 Functional Classification / Sports Classes
Class Class
1.0 2.0
Players have no trunk control and
Players can lean forward and
therefore cannot lean forward,
rotate their body to a certain
sideways or rotate to catch and pass
degree, allowing them to catch the
the ball. To maintain a stable
ball within a greater volume of
position, the wheelchair seat back is
action. Wheelchairs are equal to
higher and they use straps to stabilize
class 1.0.
your body with the wheelchair.
 Functional Classification / Sports Classes
Class Class
3.0 4.0
They can fully rotate the trunk and They can lean forward and turn just
lean forward, but cannot lean like the 3.0 class players, and they
sideways. Since they do not need can also lean to the side. Players in
support in the seat, the wheelchair this class are often only able to lean
usually has a low back, which to one side due to, for example, a
favors the use of the volume of deficiency in one leg, causing a loss
action available. of stability on the other side.
 Functional Classification / Sports Classes
Class
4.5
2.0
Players have the minimum eligible
1.0
impairment and have no restrictions
on trunk rotation and leaning forward
or sideways. The most common 4.0
profiles can be: amputation of the
foot or a difference in the length of
3.0
the legs of 6 centimeters.
4.5
 Rules
They are practically the same as those of the walking modality: the court has
the same measurements, the baskets are at the same height and the scoring
system is identical. The only difference is that players must bounce or pass
the ball after pushing the chair twice.

General accommodations may include:

1. Baskets can be lowered and/or enlarged.

2. A smaller or lighter ball can be used.
3. Rule adaptations could include multiple steps between dribbles
 Teams consist of 12 players (five on court).
Each athlete is assigned a score between 1.0
and 4.5, depending on their lower or higher
functional capacity.
During the game, the sum of the points of the
5 players on court cannot exceed 14
Maximum of 7 team assistants (delegate, doctor, physiotherapist,
statistician, interpreter, etc.)

Special attention should be paid to the

wheelchair as it is considered as part of the
player.
Anything designed to increase a player's
height or reach, or otherwise give them an
unfair advantage, will not be allowed.

Playing time: The game consists of 4 quarters of

10 minutes each.

A player shall not intentionally propel the

ball with the wheelchair, kick it with their
foot or block it with any part of their legs, or
hit it with their fist.
 Eligible deficiencies
Consider the functional capacity of the players to perform the skills of
the game

Muscle power
Limb deficiency
deficiency

Impaired passive
range of motion

Hypertonia
Difference in leg
Ataxia
length
Athetosis
 VOLLEYBALL
Sitting volleyball is the variant of
volleyball for athletes with disabilities.
Its adaptation is basically limited to the
mobility of the players, whose pelvis
must be in contact with the ground
throughout the game.
 Classification
A class: An athlete with the minimum level of disability related to the
skills/functions necessary to play volleyball. Examples include amputation of
fingers, shortening of an arm/leg to a certain percentage, ankle or wrist fusion
Class B: An athlete with a medium level of disability related to
skills/functions necessary to play volleyball. Examples include
amputations below the elbow or below the knee and other disabilities
comparable.
class C: An athlete with the highest level of disability related to
skills/functions necessary to play volleyball. Examples include
amputations above the elbow or knee, as well as amputations
combined arm/leg and other comparable disabilities.
 Eligible deficiencies
7. shortening of a lower extremity greater
than 7 to 12%
1. amputation of the first two fingers
8. Loss of strength between 20-29 points
of both hands
between both extremities
2. amputation of at least 7 fingers
superiors
between both hands
9. loss of strength between 5-10 points
3. amputation of a hand
between both lower extremities
4. Lisfranc amputation of a foot
10. Shoulder abduction and flexion less than
5. Chopart foot amputation
90º
6. shortening of an upper extremity
11. elbow stiffness greater than 45º
from 33% to 50%
12.stiff wrist or fingers
13.stiff ankle
 Rules The network: it is located 0.25
meters from the lateral line.
Each team must get the ball to
Teams: Sitting volleyball
bounce inside the opponent's
consists of six players.
field by having three touches
The court: where he plays is 10
before the ball crosses the net.
x 6 meters (in conventional
The matches: they are played to
volleyball it is 18 x 9 meters),
the best of five sets: in the first
always covered and divided by a
four the team that reaches 25
net 1.15 centimeters high for
points wins and, if the fifth is
men and 1.05 for women (in
reached, the team that gets
conventional volleyball is 2.43
fifteen points first wins
and 2.24 respectively).
 Rules
The point begins with the
service and continues until it is
won or lost: To achieve this, it is
necessary for the ball to bounce
on the opponent's floor by
passing the ball over the net or
for the opposing team to make
an error or an infraction.
Swimming
Adapted swimming is a sport practiced by
athletes with physical, visual and intellectual
disabilities. The sport is directly regulated by
the International Paralympic Committee.
The rules of the sport are adapted from the
rules established by the International
Swimming Federation (FINA). Most of the
rules are shared. The most significant
differences are related to the starting
position and those related to visually
impaired swimmers.
 Qualifying Third
S14 for swimmers
with learning
disabilities.
There are three large qualifying
groups:

First Second
S1-S10 for
S11-S13 for
swimmers with
visually impaired
physical disabilities
swimmers

https://abiertoparanatacion.cpc.org.co/
 S1-S10
Persons with physical disabilities are
S14
classified into ten numbered groups,
with 1 corresponding to those with the
greatest degree of disability and 10 to People with intellectual
those with the least degree. Physical disabilities compete in this
disabilities include a wide variety of
conditions, from the loss of one or more
category
limbs, congenital or not, cerebral palsy,
spinal cord injuries, dwarfism and
disabilities that prevent the use of joints. S11-S13
People with visual disabilities compete
in three categories: 11, 12 and 13.
Category 11 corresponds to those who
have completely lost their sight.
Categories 12 and 13 correspond to
people who have severe vision loss,
but have not lost it completely.
Category 11 swimmers must compete
with masks in order to prevent those
who can perceive luminosity from
having a sporting advantage.
Free Styles
Fathom
Back
Butterfly
 Exception Codes
Due to the nature of their impairments, some Athletes may be assigned certain exceptions
(Exception Codes) in accordance with the World Para Swimming Sporting Regulations. The
Classification Panel must allocate any exceptions during the Technical Assessment. The
following table describes the types of Exception Codes that may be assigned to Athletes
with Physical Impairments.

- Freestyle: no exceptions allowed.

- Back: only exception '1' is allowed.
- Butterfly: only exceptions '4', '5', '7' are allowed.
- Breaststroke: only the exceptions '2', '3', '7', '8', '9', '12', '+'
 Competition Rules
The referee along with the aquatics The referee will have the
rules subcommittee shall have the discretion to apply modifications
authority to adjust rules based on the and interpretations to the
safety and welfare of the athlete. The
current technical rules, based on
referee may intervene in the
physical characteristics. Such
competition to ensure that the proper
regulations are observed and will rule
modifications will not give an
on all protests related to the advantage over another athlete.
competition in progress.
 Standing on the bottom of
the pool in the course of the
race is allowed, only for the
purpose of resting. Walking
The referee shall have full or jumping off the bottom is
control and authority over all grounds for disqualification.
judges, approve their
A coach or judge may
assignments and instruct them
guide only by voice. The
on the Special Olympics
help does not allow
regulations related to the
touching the swimmer
competitions. He will enforce
from the moment he
all the rules and decide the
starts until he arrives,
issues related to the conduct of
except for assisted races
the tournament.
where the athlete can be
helped in any way
necessary..
 Starting aids may
be used to help
athletes maintain
No competitor will be allowed to use their positions on
the starting line.
or wear any implement or equipment
that can help in speed, flotation or
resistance during a competition
(except in the flotation race), such as
special gloves, fins, etc. Swimming Swimmers
may be
goggles may be worn.
assisted from
the water as
requested
ATLETISMO
Adapted athletics is a sport practiced
by athletes with physical and
intellectual disabilities. It is regulated
by the International Paralympic
Committee and is one of the summer
Paralympic sports since the 1960
Paralympic Games.
https://youtu.be/dBzM3slYl9k.
 Classification
20: Athletes with intellectual disabilities. IQ
below 70 limitation in regular skill areas.
appearance before age 18
35–38: Athletes with coordination deficits
(hypertonia, ataxia, and athetosis)
31-34: Events for wheelchair athletes.
40-41: Short stature.
42–47: Amputees.
51–57: Athletes with spinal cord impairment.
61-64: lower limb competing with prosthesis
affected by limb deficiency and leg length
difference
 Rules
Athletes are grouped according to their
functional abilities and can compete in a
wheelchair or with prostheses. Visually impaired
athletes can run attached to a guide person by a
rope, in charge of guiding the athlete without
pushing or pulling him, which would cause
disqualification.

https://youtu.be/C1so10HTH24
https://youtube.com/clip/UgkxUYhYe0CUfXPc0
CC6kPdjIuATsj2Ge7Oz
https://youtube.com/clip/Ugkx9XRQJmmkjG6PS
Eligible Deficiencies
The IPC ranking system determines which
athletes are eligible to compete in a sport and
how athletes are grouped for competition. This,
to some extent, is similar to the grouping of
athletes by age, gender, or weight.

In Para sport, athletes are grouped by the

degree of activity limitation resulting from the
disability.
BOCCIA
It is a game of strategy and
precision that was originally
created to be played by people
with cerebral palsy.Currently, the
sport includes athletes with
disabilities that affect motor
skills.
 How to practice
It is practiced individually, in pairs or teams, on a rectangular court where
players try to throw their balls as close as possible to the white ball that
serves as a target, while trying to keep their opponents' balls away, in a
continuous exercise of tension and precision.

Each player, pair or team has six balls in each sleeve and the player whose
ball ends up closest to the cue ball wins.
 ELIGIBLE TYPES OF
DISABILITIES

Decreased muscle power

athetosis
Impaired passive range of motion
hypertonia
limb deficiency
Ataxia
 Who plays it
The sport of boccia is practiced by wheelchair users with cerebral
palsy, brain injury or severe physical disability, who are positioned
at one end of the field, from where they throw the balls.
 RULES
It is a game very similar to petanque, each player or team has 6 red or
Blue balls.
The game starts when the cue ball is shot and is placed in the center
of the game.
The objective is to shoot the other balls to try to get as close as
possible to the cue ball, bonus points are awarded for the balls after
the closest ball.
Each team has a maximum time of 4 to 7 minutes to throw its 6 balls.
Hands, feet, head or support instruments such as a trough can be
used for launching.
 BC-1
Have severe activity
BC-2
limitations affecting their They have better trunk and
legs, arms and trunk, and arm function. They are able
are usually dependent on a to throw the ball without
power wheelchair. They assistance.
can compete with the help

Disability classes
of an assistant.

BC-3 BC-4
They have significant limitations in arm
Includes players with non-brain
and leg function and poor or no trunk
disabilities that also affect their
control. They are not able to catch or
coordination. They can throw the ball
throw the ball with ease,
without assistance.
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Thank you!