SCIENCE – GRADE 7 Self – Instructional Packets (SIPacks)

WEEK 7- DAY 1

I. OBJECTIVES
A. Content Standard:
The learners demonstrate understanding organisms interacting with each other and with
their environment to survive

B. Performance Standard:

C. Learning Competency:
The learners should be able to predict the effect of changes in abiotic factors
on the ecosystem

Specific Objectives:
At the end of the lesson, the learners should be able to:
1. differentiate food web from food chain
2. describe through tracing or web patterns the energy flow of food chain
3. describe the roles of participating organisms in every type of interactions or
energy flow
4. explain the effect of human activities on the balance of food web
5. manifest interest and awareness that each organism has an important vita role
as the energy is consumed

II. CONTENT: LESSON 6: ENERGY TRANSFER IN THE ECOSYSTEM

III. LEARNING RESOURCES
A. References
1. Teacher’s Guide pages: 114-118
2. Learner’s Material pages: 155-164
3. Teacher’s Manual pages:
4. Textbook pages:
B. Other Learning Resources: Rodolfo Angat Activity
https://cpb-us-e1.wpmucdn.com/cobblearning.net/dist/3/4046/files/2019/11/GREAT-
Ecology-packet-w-resources-summaries-projects-worksheets-KEY.pdf
https://www.biologydiscussion.com/essay/food-chain-in-ecosystem-explained-with-
diagrams/1669
https://flexsciencenviro.weebly.com/uploads/1/1/0/3/11030329/energy_through_an_e
cosystem_worksheet_as_3.pdf
IV. PROCEDURE

(ELICIT)
A. Reviewing previous lesson or presenting the new lesson

Biotic factors include all the living parts of the ecosystem while the abiotic factors in an
ecosystem include all the nonliving elements of the ecosystem. Air, soil or substrate, water,
light, salinity and temperature all impact the living elements of an ecosystem. In the environment,
there are plants, animals and microscopic organisms such as bacteria
There are five ecological relationships which includes the following: Competition
is when two or more organisms rely on the same environmental resource. Predation is
an interspecific relationship (relationship between individuals of different species) where
the behavior of one animal feeding on another. Mutualism (+) (+)—a symbiotic relationship
where both organisms benefit. Commensalism (+) ( )—a symbiotic relationship is a
partnership in which neither of the organisms is eaten, but one benefits while the other
does not. Parasitism (+)(-)—is a relationship in which an organism depends on another
organism for existence without any reciprocation

(ENGAGE)
B. Establishing the purpose for the lesson

ACTIVITY 1: IDENTIFYING THE “ERS”

Note: Write your answer on your pad paper using the format provided to be submitted by
your parent to our school.

Page 1 of 8

PROPERTY OF PAMPANAG HIGH SCHOOL-DEPED CITY OF SAN FERNANDO PAMPANGA

 SCIENCE – GRADE 7 Self – Instructional Packets (SIPacks)

Direction: Study the pictures below and answer the following questions.

Guide Questions:
1. Give at least 1 kind of producer, consumer and 1 kind of decomposer.

C. Presenting examples/instances of the new lesson

There are 3 kinds of biotic components in the ecosystem which include producer,
consumer and decomposer. Producers are organisms that make their own food. Plants
manufacture their own food through the process of photosynthesis using energy from the sun.
Chlorophyll in plants absorbs sunlight, allowing plant cells to combine carbon dioxide and water
to produce food in the form of carbohydrates and release oxygen as by products.
The energy that the plant obtains from sunlight is passed to a consumer. A consumer is
any organism that eats another organism either a plant or an animal. An ecosystem also has
decomposers; these are organisms that breakdown the remains of dead organisms into simpler
substances.
If producers are organisms that makes their own food, consumers eat other organisms
and decomposers break down the remains of dead organisms into simpler substances. Now, let
us identify the different tropic levels. (see picture below). Tropic Levels are the feeding positions
of all organisms in a specific ecosystem.

Herbivore is a consumer the eats only plants, while carnivore eats only animals and
omnivore eats both plants and animals. The example of organism can be seen on the activity
above under work no. 2.

Page 2 of 8

PROPERTY OF PAMPANAG HIGH SCHOOL-DEPED CITY OF SAN FERNANDO PAMPANGA

 SCIENCE – GRADE 7 Self – Instructional Packets (SIPacks)

How about detritivores and scavengers? Detritivores are animals which feed on dead
organic material, especially plant detritus while scavengers are organisms that feed on dead or
dying animals. Examples are crows, vultures and crayfish.

Vulture crow

WEEK 7- DAY 2

(EXPLORE)
D. Discussing new concepts and practicing new skills #1
A food chain is a simple model that scientists use to show how matter and energy move
through an ecosystem. It also shows who is eaten and who is eating. In a forest ecosystem,
grass is eaten by a deer, which in turn is eaten by a tiger. The grass, deer and tiger form a food
chain (Figure 1). In this food chain, energy flows from the grass (producer) to the deer (primary
consumer) to the tiger (secondary consumer).

Figure 1:

A food chain in a grassland ecosystem may consist of grasses and other plants,
grasshoppers, frogs, snakes and hawks (Figure 2).

A food chain always begins with producers. Herbivores (plant-eaters) come next in the chain.
They are consumed by carnivores (flesh-eaters). A few food chains can be long and may extend
to the fourth, fifth or even sixth order of consumers.
As shown in the above figures (1 and 2) sun is included in the illustration the reason why
it is included because producers obtain their energy from the sun. Study the illustration below.
This will give you a vivid idea regarding food chain.

Page 3 of 8

PROPERTY OF PAMPANAG HIGH SCHOOL-DEPED CITY OF SAN FERNANDO PAMPANGA

 SCIENCE – GRADE 7 Self – Instructional Packets (SIPacks)

Also, take note that the arrows in a food chain show the flow of energy, from the sun or
hydrothermal vent to a top predator. As the energy flows from organism to organism, energy is
lost at each step.

A food web expresses all the possible feeding relationships at each trophic level in a
community. It is the combination of inter-related food chains. food web is a simplified
representation of the complex interrelationships of the population of plants and animals which
exist in a community. The basic operational principle in a food web is that each species is
dependent upon at least one other species, and the numbers of each link species must be
sufficient for their continued existence. If these conditions are maintained, the web will exist in an
ecological nutritional equilibrium.
Food webs are affected by changes in the environment (abiotic factors), which may affect
the food supply and reproductive rate. In an aquatic ecosystem a more complex food web will
exist and this is also affected by changes in the environment, such as variations in water
temperature and oxygen content as well as nutrient supply, which can reduce or increase the
population of link species.
Let us practice your understanding about the discussion by answering the next activity.

ACTIVITY 2: WHAT’S YOUR ORDER?

Note: Write your answer on your pad paper using the format provided to be submitted by
your parent to our school.

Part I Direction: Study the pictures below, then arrange the following organisms based on which
organism eats other organism (prey – predator relationship). Fill the box with the corresponding
organism.

Guide Questions:
Q1. Why does the arrow pointed to the right?
Q2. Which organism is the (a) producer? (b) herbivore? (c) omnivore?
Q3. How will you define food chain based on the activity?

Page 4 of 8

PROPERTY OF PAMPANAG HIGH SCHOOL-DEPED CITY OF SAN FERNANDO PAMPANGA

 SCIENCE – GRADE 7 Self – Instructional Packets (SIPacks)

Part II. Direction: Study the illustration below and answer the following questions.

Q4. Describe the diagram above and compare it to the model that you made on the above
activity.

E. Discussing new concepts and practicing new skills #2

ACTIVITY 3: WHAT’S YOUR ORDER?

Note: Write your answer on your pad paper using the format provided to be submitted by
your parent to our school.

I. Based all your answers on the illustration on the illustration below. Identify the organism being
asked in each tropic level. Write the answer on the pyramid. NOTE: KINDLY INCLUDE THE
PYRAMID IN YOUR ANSWER SHEET

1. Which is the producer? Write your answer in the pyramid under no. 1
2. Which is/are the first order consumer (herbivores). Write your answer in number 2 in the
pyramid.
3. Which is/are the second order consumer (carnivores). Write under no. 3 in the pyramid
4. Which is/are the third order consumer? Write under no.4 in the pyramid.

II. The amount of available energy at each trophic (feeding) level decreases as it moves through
an ecosystem. As little as 10 percent of the energy at any level is transferred up to the next level.
In the energy pyramid below, calculate the amount of energy that is passed up from one trophic
level to the next, assuming only 10% of the energy from the previous level is available for the next
level. Note: to compute (example for grasshopper) 10 000 x 0.10 = _____

Page 5 of 8

PROPERTY OF PAMPANAG HIGH SCHOOL-DEPED CITY OF SAN FERNANDO PAMPANGA

 SCIENCE – GRADE 7 Self – Instructional Packets (SIPacks)

WEEK 7- DAY 3
(EXPLAIN)
F. Developing mastery

In activity 3 the Pyramid of Energy in Ecology is an energy pyramid that shows how
energy flows through an ecosystem.

The four levels of the pyramid are the producers, the

primary consumers (herbivores), the secondary consumers
(carnivores), and the tertiary consumers (omnivores). Notice
that each level going up is smaller than the one below. This
indicates that the population size and transferred energy get
smaller as you go up the pyramid.

1. Primary Producers/ FIRST TROPIC LEVEL

- organisms that make their own food from sunlight and/or
chemical energy from deep sea vents) are the base of every
food chain – these organisms are called autotrophs
- depend on the sun for energy, soil nutrients, and water for
food production through the process of
photosynthesis.

2.Primary Consumers/ SECOND TROPIC LEVEL.

- are animals that eat primary producers; they are also
called herbivores (plant-eaters)
- The insect population depends on the green plants for food. Since an insect requires more
than one plant in its lifetime, the size of their level in the pyramid is smaller.

3.Secondary Consumers/ THIRD TROPIC LEVEL.

-eat primary consumers. They are carnivores (meat-eaters) and omnivores (animals that eat
both animals and plants.
-The size of the frog population will depend on the size of the insect population. Since a frog
requires numerous insects to keep alive, the size of the frog population level in the pyramid will
always be smaller than the insect level below it.

4.Tertiary Consumers/ TERTIARY TROPIC LEVEL.

-eat secondary consumers.
- The snakes depend on the frogs for food. Since a snake requires numerous frogs in its
lifetime, the population of snakes is always smaller than the frog population.

In food pyramid this just show how energy is lost each time one organism eats another.
Because of this, there have to be many more plants than there are plant-eaters. There are more
autotrophs than heterotrophs, and more plant-eaters than meat-eaters. Each level has about 10%
less energy available to it because some of the energy is lost as heat at each level. Although
there is intense competition between animals, there is also interdependence. When one species
goes extinct, it can affect an entire chain of other species and have unpredictable consequences.

Page 6 of 8

PROPERTY OF PAMPANAG HIGH SCHOOL-DEPED CITY OF SAN FERNANDO PAMPANGA

 SCIENCE – GRADE 7 Self – Instructional Packets (SIPacks)

(ELABORATE)
G. Finding practical applications of concepts and skills in daily living

Every organism has a vital niche in the ecosystem, even the smallest organism created
by God, therefore learn to value even the smallest one because this might affect the life of other
organism. Same is true in your situation, you need to value your loved ones and cherish every
moment that you are with them because you never know what will happen next. The lesson
learned in the picture is that, every family member has a role in your life so learn how to value
your relationship with your family, respect and love one another.

H. Making generalizations and abstractions about the lesson

The following concepts about flow of energy in the ecosystem should be remembered:
• A food chain is a simple model that scientists use to show how matter and energy move
through an ecosystem. It also shows who is eaten and who is eating.
• Food web expresses all the possible feeding relationships at each trophic level in a
community. It is the combination of inter-related food chains. food web is a simplified
representation of the complex interrelationships of the population of plants and animals
which exist in a community.
• Food pyramid this just show how energy is lost each time one organism eats another.

WEEK 7- DAY 4

(EVALUATE)
I. Evaluating learning

I. Write the letter of the correct answer.

1. The many overlapping food chains in an ecosystem make up a(n) ____.
A. food web B. niche C. energy pyramid D. feeding level

2. The first organism in a food chain is always a(n) ___.

A. consumer B. herbivore C. carnivore D. producer

3. An organism that can make its own food is called a ___.

A. consumer B. decomposer C. producer D. scavenger

4. Which of these consumers is an herbivore?

A. lion B. deer C. spider D. snake

5. The many overlapping food chains in an ecosystem make up a(n) ___.

A. food web B. niche C. energy pyramid D. feeding level

6. The first organism in a food chain is always a(n) ___.

A. consumer B. herbivore C. carnivore D. producer

7. A diagram that shows the amount of energy that moves from one feeding level to another in a
food web is called a(n) ___.
A. food chain B. energy pyramid C. ecosystem D. niche

8. In an energy pyramid, which level has the most available energy?

A. producer level C. first-level consumer level
B. second-level consumer level D. third-level consumer level

9. Which of the following is an example of food chain?

A. carbohydrate fat protein C. flower bee butterfly
B. grass antelope lion D. grass antelope lion

10. A bear that eats a fish that ate bugs that ate algae is a ___.
A. primary consumer C. primary producer
B. secondary consumer D. tertiary consumer

Page 7 of 8

PROPERTY OF PAMPANAG HIGH SCHOOL-DEPED CITY OF SAN FERNANDO PAMPANGA

 SCIENCE – GRADE 7 Self – Instructional Packets (SIPacks)

WEEK 7- DAY 5
(EXTEND)
J. Additional activities for application or remediation

Direction: Based your answer on the

picture on the left side.
1. Which is the producer on the food web?
A. snake B. leaves

2. Which organism is the primary

consumer?
A. insect B. owl

3. Which organism is secondary consumer?

A. frog B. insect

4. Which organism is an herbivore?

Squirrel B. fox

5. Which is the carnivore?

A. fox B. rabbit

Page 8 of 8

PROPERTY OF PAMPANAG HIGH SCHOOL-DEPED CITY OF SAN FERNANDO PAMPANGA