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Exam 1

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Umair Khan
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29 views6 pages

Exam 1

Uploaded by

Umair Khan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Figure 1: Grad, Div, Curl, Laplacian in cartesian, cylindrical, and spherical coordinates.

Here ψ is a scalar function and A is a vector field.


Figure 2: Vector and integral identities. Here ψ is a scalar function and A, a, b, c are vector
fields.
P0 (x) 1
P1 (x) x
1 2
P2 (x) 2
(3x − 1)
1 3
P3 (x) 2
(5x − 3x)
1
P4 (x) 8
(35x4 − 30x2 + 3)

Table 1: The Lowest Legendre Polynomials

Problem 1. A dielectric sphere in an external field with a gradient


A dielectric sphere of radius a at the origin is placed in an external field with a constant
small gradient ∂z Ez ≡ Eo0 , so that the external potential is described by
1
ϕext (r) = −Eo z − Eo0 z 2 − 12 (x2 + y 2 )

(1)
2
The gradient is very small since Eo0 a  Eo
(a) Determine the potential both inside and outside the sphere including the first correction
due to the field gradient. Start by expressing the external potential in r and θ.
(b) Determine the surface charge induced on the sphere including the first correction due
to the field gradient.
z

3
Problem 2. Forces on a filled solenoid
An infinitely long solenoid of radius a with n turns per length carrying a current I(t) = Io eiωt
is filled with a linear (non-conducting) magnetic material with permeability µ and dielectric
constant  = 1. The axis of the solenoid is aligned with the z axis. The fields vary sinusoidally,
B(x, t) = B(x)e−iωt and E(x, t) = E(x)e−iωt .

(a) Determine the magnetic field and inductance B(x) and H(x) inside and outside the
solenoid to zeroth order in the quasi-static approximation, i.e. at zeroth order the
current I(t) is effectively constant in time.

(b) Determine the surface currents on the magnetic material to zeroth order in the quasi-
static approximation.

(c) Compute the time-averaged force per area on the sides of the solenoid in the zeroth
order approximation.

(d) Determine the the electric field inside and outside of the solenoid in a quasi-static
approximation. Explain why E(x) is continuous across the solenoid interface.

(e) What is the condition that the quasi-static approximation is valid, and verify that your
solution in part (d) satisfies this criterion.

(f) Determine quasi-static correction to the magnetic field, δH(x) just outside the solenoid
at ρ = a + tiny. Assume that at a large radius, ρmax , that δH(x) ' 0. Explain why
the correction δH(x) is continuous across the solenoid interface.

(g) Find the quasi-static correction to the time-averaged force per area on solenoid com-
puted in (c).

4
Problem 3. Transmission through a glass plane
(a) For a plane wave in linear media, show using the Maxwell equations (and nothing else),
that if

E(r, t) =E~ eik·r−iωt , (2)


√
then ω = ck/n with n = µ and

H(r, t) = H~ eik·r−iωt (3)

with
1
H~ = k̂ × E~ (4)
Z
p
and Z = µ/

(b) Consider a plane wave in a linear medium with µ1 , 1 of wave-number k, normally in-
cident on a semi-infinite block of linear media with µ2 , 2 . Starting from the Maxwell
equations with boundary conditions, explicitly determine the transmission amplitude
t (the ratio of transmitted electric field to incident electric field) and the power trans-
mission coefficient Tp .

µ2 , ǫ 2
µ1,ǫ1

(c) Now consider a plane wave in vacuum of wave-number k, normally incident on a slab of
linear material dielectric constant  and magnetic permeability µ and width d. Set up
a set of linear equations which can be used to solve for transmission amplitude using
mathematica, but do not try to solve.

5
µ, ǫ

vacuum

d
(d) The transmission coefficient for the slab just described is
2
4Z
Tp = (5)
(1 + Z) − (Z − 1)2 e2indk
2

which for Z large clearly shows several distinct maxima, whenever nkd = mπ. Here
√
n = µ is the index of refraction and m is an integer.
Consider a relatively narrow Gaussian wave packet of mean wave-number k̄ and spatial
extent ∆x, with (∆x)k̄  1. Qualitatively sketch (i.e. without calculation) what the
transmission coefficient would look like as a function of nk̄ d and relatively large Z.
For definiteness take (∆x)k̄ ' 12 and Z = 5. Describe the d → ∞ limit using the
results of part (b).

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