UNIVERSITY OF CAGAYAN VALLEY

SCHOOL OF CRIMINOLOGY

LEVEL OF AWARENESS ON THE EFFECT OF DANGEROUS DRUGS OF THE

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CAGAYAN

VALLEY

A Research Proposal

Presented to the Faculty of School of Criminology

University of Cagayan Valley, Tuguegarao City, Cagayan

By:

Jessica A. Dayag

Javin Mark S. Pagulayan

Vincent John C. Carillo

Jaybie C. Erro

Jhunmhy John N. Dumlao

BLOCK 3M
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Table of Contents

TITLE PAGE ...........................................

TABLE OF CONTENTS ....................................

CHAPTER 1: THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Introduction ..................................... 1-5

Theoretical Framework ............................ 5-7

Statement of the Problem ......................... 8-9

Hypothesis ....................................... 9

Significance of the Study ........................ 10-11

Scope and Delimitation ........................... 12

Definition of Terms .............................. 12-13

CHAPTER 2: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

Related Literature ............................... 14-24

Related Studies .................................. 24-32

Synthesis ........................................ 32-33

CHAPTER 3: METHODS AND PROCEDURES

Research Design .................................. 34

Respondents of the Study ......................... 35

Data Gathering Tool .............................. 36

Data Gathering Procedure ......................... 36-37

Statistical Tool ................................. 37-38

QUESTIONNAIRE .........................................

REFERENCES ............................................
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Chapter 1

THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Introduction

The proliferation of illegal drugs is global issue and has

become a public concern due to its detrimental impact on society.

The danger posed by the drug crisis cannot simply be

underestimated. This has grave implications for an individual's

health, security, social-economic, and cultural well-being.

Ritchie and Roser (2018) highlighted that the negative impacts

illegal drugs is now becoming visible to society since it is

directly and indirectly responsible for over 750,000 deaths per

year. Countries are imposing restrictions to hamper the

production and distribution of drugs since this will eradicate

the peddlers and street drug sellers, once they are gone drug

users and addicts eventually quit.

Dangerous drugs hamper the economic development and is one

of the root causes of heinous crimes. Drug use and addiction also

affects the way the brain and the rest of the body function,

resulting in mood, awareness, thoughts, feelings, and behavior

changes, making users unpredictable and dangerous, this may

result to violence. Individuals under the influence of drugs can

unconsciously hurt their family members and can easily engaged in

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troubles. These are only few reasons why legislations were made

to prohibit the use of illegal drugs.

Use and abuse of drugs has declined by more than 50 percent

from 4 million in 2016 to 1.67 million in 2019 after President

Rodrigo Duterte launched his intensified campaign of war on drugs

(Xinhua,2020). But there is no assurance that the decline in

numbers will continue after they turnover of the administration.

Data indicates that there were approximately 41.5 thousand

reported cases involving illegal drugs in 2022 (National Capital

Region’s Regional Police Office). This is threatening because

despite the numerous laws and different measures implemented by

the government's concerned agencies to curb it, drug problem

still persists.

Drug problem can be resolved by raising public awareness in

the dangerous effect of drugs. In relation to this, Malik et.

al., (2012) stated that non-users of drugs have higher awareness

about the dangers of substance abuse (59.4%) as compared to the

users. According to police records on 2017, there were 800,000

convicted on drug-related cases and 24,000 of them are minors,

less than 2% of those juveniles were involved in drug delivery or

sales and the majority are drug-users (Baldwin & Marshall,2017).

The involvement of youths in these cases is said to be due to

poverty and lack of guidance from their parents or guardians.

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Therefore, appropriate information dissemination is very integral

in the continuous war against the proliferation of drugs (Duque,

2021). It is deemed necessary as it is an effective way of

preventing the minors from getting involved in the use of illicit

drugs specially because the law excuses no one. Hence it is

important that students are informed on the dangers of drugs and

the legislations that specifies that the selling, using, and

possession of illegal drugs is punishable by law.

There are few studies that have been conducted years ago to

gauged the level of awareness on the effects of drugs, but most

of it focused generally on the society. There is a scanty of new

researches measuring students’ level of awareness in the adverse

impact of illegal drugs. Moreover, in the Philippine setting,

there were only few documented studies exploring senior high

school students’ level of awareness in the adverse effect of

drugs specially during the age where students can have access to

different learning platforms.

Contextually, University of Cagayan Valley is one among the

universities in Region II with large number of enrollees ranging

from 10,000-14,999 students. Hence, they can be the target of

drug pushers. This is because young people are inquisitive in

nature and they can be easily persuaded by peddlers to try drugs.

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With the foregoing problem, the researchers sought to gauge

the level of awareness of the Senior High School students of

University of Cagayan Valley in the adverse effects of illegal

drugs. The findings of this study may provide an insight in the

formulation of programs to effectively disseminate information

which is essential in the prevention of students’ involvement in

illegal drugs.
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Conceptual Framework

Comprehensive Dangerous Drug Act of 2002 otherwise known as

Republic Act 9165 was enacted to safeguard the society from the

adverse effect of using and selling illegal substances. It

provides a clear discussion on the sanctions that are given to

individuals convicted due to drug related cases. The

implementation of such thereby eliminates or reduces the massive

supply and demand for any of these dangerous drugs. These

restrictions are important in protecting the territory's

integrity, the welfare of the populace, particularly the youth,

from the damaging effects that dangerous drugs. Moreover, it must

there must also be a program that involves raising the awareness

of the Filipinos as to the impact of drug-use and drug addiction

on their health and well-being.

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INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

1. Profile of the respondent in 1. Assessing the profile of the

terms of; respondents in terms of;
1.1 Age 1.1 Age
1.2 Gender 1.2 Gender
1.3 Strand 1.3 Strand
1.4 Grade level 1.4 Grade level
1.5 Religion 1.5 Religion
1.6 Parents’ Educational 1.6 Parents’ Educational
Attainment Attainment
1.7 Economic Status 1.7 Economic Status
2. Awareness of the
respondent on the on the 2. Assessing awareness of the
effects of illegal drugs of the respondent on the on the effects Set of recommendations to
respondents; of illegal drugs of the raise the awareness of Senior
respondents; High School students on the
effects of dangerous drugs.
3. Comparing the significant
eteet difference between the level of
awareness of the respondents
when grouped according to their
profile?

FEEDBACK

Figure 1: Paradigm of the study

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This study, it focused on gauging the level of awareness of

Senior High School students of University of Cagayan Valley on

the effect of illegal drugs. Figure 1 illustrates the paradigm of

the study, which includes the 3 phases that had to be completed

in order to conduct the study. These are the 3 components: input,

process, and output.

The input of this study consists of the profile variables of

the respondent in terms of age, gender, strand, grade level,

religion, parents’ educational attainment and their economic

status. It also includes the level of awareness of the

respondents on the effects of illegal drugs such as

hallucinogens, stimulants, and depressants and the violations and

penalties imposed on drug-related cases.

The process of this study is assessing the profile variables

of the respondents, measuring their level of awareness on the

effects of illegal drugs and comparing the significant difference

between the level of awareness of the respondents when grouped

according to their profile.

The output of the study is data involving the respondents’

level of awareness and set of recommendations to raise the

awareness of Senior High School students on the effects of

dangerous drugs.
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Statement of the Problem

Based from the foregoing context, this study aims to gauge

the level of awareness of the Senior High School students of

University of Cagayan Valley in the adverse effects of illegal

drugs for the C.Y 2022-2023.

Specifically, it seeks to answer of the following questions.

1. What is the profile of the respondents in terms of;

1.1 Age

1.2 Gender

1.3 Strand

1.4 Grade level

1.5 Religion

1.6 Parents’ Educational Attainment

1.7 Economic Status

2. What is the level of awareness on the effects of illegal drugs

of the respondents;

3. Is there a significant difference between the level of

awareness of the respondents when grouped according to their

profile?

4. What dimension is/are the respondents least aware?

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5. What means can be recommended to increase the awareness of the

respondents on the effects of illegal drugs?

Hypothesis

This study is guided by the lone hypothesis that there is

no significant difference between the level of awareness of the

respondents when group according to profile.

Significance of the study

The study is hoped to be beneficial in safeguarding the

minors from the adverse effect of drugs and ultimately making the

society free from drug.

Specifically, the findings of this study will have several

implications to the following:

University of Cagayan Valley. The result of this study will be

beneficial to the entire UCV community as it will propose

measures to keep the school free from drug-users consequently

preserving the peace and order and making the environment

conducive for learning.

Parents. This will make them realize that they are primarily

responsible for monitoring and educating their family members

particularly their children about the effects of dangerous drugs.

Administration of the University of Cagayan Valley. The findings

of this study will provide a baseline in formulating programs to

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keep the students from any vices particularly the use of illegal

drugs.

Students. The finding of this research will guide the students

not to be vulnerable in indulging to vices as it will provide

them with a comprehensive understanding as to the negative

implications of illegal drugs not only on their health but on

their future.

Researchers. The result of this study will serve as a good lesson

to help the community become aware of dangerous drugs and will

help residents further expand their knowledge of the laws

implemented against illegal drugs.

Future Researchers. This will serve as their reference and will

provide important data for the conduct of a similar research in

the future.

Scope and Delimitation

The general intent of this study is to gauge the level of

awareness of the Senior High School students of University of

Cagayan Valley in the adverse effects of illegal drugs for CY

2022. This study will be conducted in University of Cagayan

Valley with the use of survey questionnaires. The respondents of

this study are the Senior High School Students enrolled this

school year. This study will mainly use descriptive-

correlational design, which is appropriately employed in

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observational studies as it is limited only to examining patterns

of association between variables but does not in a way establish

causality. This study will only evaluate the level of awareness

of the respondents on the effects of illegal drugs such as

hallucinogens, stimulants, and depressants and the violations and

penalties imposed on drug-related cases. In addition, this will

just be interrelated on limited profile variables such as: age,

gender, strand, grade level, religion, parents’ educational

attainment and their economic status. Lastly, it will just be

conducted from December to February 2023.

Definition of Terms

For the better understanding of this study, the researchers

defined the following operationally.

Awareness – it is the state of being knowledgeable and update to

what is happening to new existence.

Effects – This refers to the various effects of illicit drugs to

the people and society.

Illegal drugs – Any chemical or biological substances consumed to

alter one’s mental and physical status and thus identified and

prohibited by law.

Dangerous Drugs Board (DDB)- is a government organization

responsible for creating tactics to combat illicit drugs in the

Philippines. They are accountable for providing an alternative

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intervention to drug users who are ineligible for admission to

treatment and rehabilitation centers under the Department of

Health's supervision (DOH).

Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency (PDEA) - is the premier anti-

drug law enforcement agency responsible for the prevention,

investigation and combating the drug-related concerns in the

Philippines.

Comprehensive Dangerous Drug Act of 2002 Republic Act 9165 - is a

piece of legislation used to create policy in order to carry out

the principles of the Constitution. It is crafted and passed by

the Congress of the Philippines and approved by the President of

Philippines.
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Chapter 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This chapter presents the literature and studies that has

been reviewed by the researchers which has been relevance to the

present study. It also presents the synthesis of the art to fully

understand the research for better comprehension of the study.

Related literature is composed of themes that influences the

current study. The first theme describes the classification of

drugs and its effect, while the second one describes drug use and

abuse and the third theme discusses the importance of awareness

in eliminating drugs. On the other hand, related studies

introduce the different studies conducted recently that are

related and is relevant in the conduct of this study.

Related Literature

Classification of Drugs and its Effects.

Different categories have been created to categorize drugs.

It can be broadly classified into two categories: legal drugs and

illegal drugs. Drugs that are developed, bought, sold, and made

legally are those that fall under the category of legal drugs,

these drugs can be available over the counter and some can be
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purchased only with doctor’s prescription. Laxatives, antacids,

vitamins, aspirin cough syrups, some contraceptives, etc. are

examples of legal pharmaceuticals that can be purchased without a

doctor's prescription. Conversely, drugs that are illegal are

ones that are prohibited by the law. Wilson (2019) suggested four

categories for illegal drugs: opiates, stimulants, depressants,

and hallucinogens.

This study will examine the effects of the first three of

these four classes. Buddy T. (2021) highlighted in his study

titled the Negative Health Effects of Various Illegal Drugs that

the common misconception among people who use illicit drugs is

that the only bad thing about doing drugs is that they are

illegal and if caught, you will be jailed. But the consumption is

dangerous to their health and well-being and can even be fatal.

In parallel to this, The University of Texas at El Paso, as they

initiated CPR, or the Collegiate Recovery Program, aimed to

create a supportive community for students in recovery and in

hope of recovery from substance and behavioral addictions. Their

website reiterates the ill-effects of drugs, which are very

detrimental to an individual’s professional and personal life.

Moreover, they also identified the most common drugs and their

potential effects.
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First is Rohypnol, or the date rape drug, or "forget me

pill," which is a central nervous system (CNS) depressant. This

drug belongs to a class of drugs known as benzodiazepines and

makes an individual feel drunk and relaxed for about 2–8 hours.

Next is Ecstasy, it is classified as both hallucinogenic and

stimulant drug. It is also known as a "happy drug," and its

effects can last for 4-6 hours, and can put users at risk of

dehydration and hyperthermia. Ecstasy can also cause a long list

of physical problems, which include sleep disruption, severe

anxiety, nausea, blurred vision, increased heart rate, increased

body temperature, and high blood pressure, which can be fatal.

Next is cocaine, cocaine is a stimulant that elevates one’s mood

and increases alertness and energy. The use of cocaine can lead

to an increased risk of heart attack and stroke. Methamphetamine

or shabu, which has an impact on the central nervous system of

the body, is another example of stimulant. It is much more

addictive than many other illicit narcotics, yet less expensive.

In 2021, the Dangerous Drugs Board identified it as the most

commonly abused drug in the Philippines followed by marijuana.

Marijuana on the other hand has been made legal in other

nations due of what are said to be possible medical benefits,

which made it a very controversial subject. According to the

University of Maryland, it is also known as weed, herb, ganja, or

cannabis and can be categorized as a depressive, stimulant, or

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hallucinogen. The reason for this is that different strains and

varieties of marijuana can have quite diverse impacts on

different people. On the other hand, smoking marijuana can be

harmful to the lungs, heart, and brain. Consumption for an

extended period of time may impair learning and cause memory

loss. Another drug is heroin, which is a type of opioid

medication derived from morphine. Heroin use has negative impacts

on one's health, but not because of the substance itself but

rather because of how it is used. The use of non-sterile

injection procedures can result in infections that have a number

of detrimental health implications. The short-term effects of

heroin use, however, only persist for around 15 minutes, followed

by many hours of drowsiness; the risks of using heroin include

Hepatitis C, vein collapse, HIV, and AIDS.

Mono drug use is still the nature of drug taking,

and the two most common methods of administration are oral ingest

ion and inhalation/sniffing.

Violations and Penalties of Dangerous Drugs

The drug problem in the Philippines was still in its early

stages when the late President Marcos favored the adoption of

Republic Act 6425, otherwise known as the "Dangerous Drugs Act of

1972," and the establishment of the Dangerous Drugs Board. The

DDB was mandated to formulate policies and to coordinate with

other agencies to address the rampant use of drugs, particularly

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marijuana. Two years later, the Inter-Agency Committee on Drug

Abuse Prevention Education was also formed to strengthen the

relationship of the DDB with other agencies. It was in 1982 when

a procedural amendment to RA 6425 was made through Batas Pambansa

179, which itemized prohibited drugs and their derivatives.

During these years, there was a huge increase in the number of

methamphetamine hydrochloride or shabu users, which urged the

concerned agencies to heighten their drug abuse prevention and

information programs. Programs like Oplan Iwas Droga and

Mamamayang Kontra sa Droga were also launched, but the problem

was not resolved. This made the government take a huge leap in

the field of drug prevention and control as Republic Act 9165, or

the "Comprehensive Dangerous Drugs Act of 2002," repealed RA 6425

in 2002. But what is RA 9165 all about?

Article II of the said law is entitled "Unlawful acts and

penalties. First, Articles 4 and 5 reiterate the penalty of life

imprisonment and a fine ranging from five hundred thousand pesos

(P500,000.00) to ten million pesos (P10,000,000.00) imposed on

any person caught illegally importing or bringing any dangerous

drug into the Philippines, regardless of the quantity and purity

involved and/or its purpose. It will also be applicable to

individuals caught illegally selling, trading, administering,

dispensing, delivering, giving away to another, or distributing

illegal drugs within the country. The same penalty also

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castigates any person caught in possession (Sec. 11) and who

engages in the manufacture of any dangerous drug (Sec. 10). And

lastly, any individuals apprehended or arrested and tested

positive for use of any dangerous drug will face a minimum of six

(6) months of rehabilitation in a government center for the first

offense, and if caught a second time, he/she will face

imprisonment ranging from six (6) years and one (1) day to twelve

(12) years, as well as a fine ranging from fifty thousand pesos

(P50,000.00) to two hundred thousand pesos.

In summary, under R.A. 9165, those caught importing,

selling, manufacturing, and using illegal drugs and their forms

may be fined and imprisoned for at least 12 years or lifetime,

and are expected to pay a fine depending on the crime committed.

The most noticeable difference between RA 6425 and RA 9165

is the monetary amount and number of years of penalty, which may

be the reason why in its early years of implementation, the

volume of drug cases decreased. Cuivillas (2019), therefore,

concluded that the penalty counts a lot in controlling and

minimizing criminality in society.

Drug use, drug abuse and drug addiction.

Drug use is defined by the National Library of Medicine as t

he occasional use of an illegal substance while drug abuse and

drug addiction have distinct and varying meanings. Drug abuse is

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the use of drugs, whether they are legal or not, improperly, such

as exceeding the recommended dosage or using a prescription given

to other people to purchase drugs that make one feel

better, reduce stress, or escape from reality but drug abusers

can bounce back to their healthy habits (Dumain, 2018).

Meanwhile, drug addiction is explained by Casimiro (2021) as

chronic, relapsing disorder characterized by compulsive drug

seeking and use despite the harm.

It must be clear however not everyone who uses drugs becomes

addicted. According to the Dangerous Drugs Board's release of the

2019 National Household Survey on the Patterns and Trends of Drug

Abuse data, 1.67 million or two out of every 100 Filipinos

between the ages of 10 and 69 are active drug users. Agreeing to

this, World Drug Report 2021, estimated that 275 million people

worldwide aged 15–64, or 1 in every 18 people in that age group,

have used drugs at least once in the previous year. Stress,

anxiety, peer pressure, and poverty are some of the main causes

of drug abuse. Even worse, this storm mainly affects young

children and teenagers. The majority of illicit drug usage begins

between the ages of 16 and 17, from simply smoking cigarette and

slowly falling into the drug usage trap (Zelfox, 2017).

Casimiro, (2021) enunciated that addiction is a disorder

that can be managed. This is because the Research have prompted

the creation of evidence-based interventions for patients to quit

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using drugs, this is often known as rehabilitation. Philippines

however do not have enough facilities to rehabilitate drug users

and drug addicts (Romero, 2021). This means that the government

must ensure that efficient preventive measures have been taken to

control the number of individuals involved in the use of drugs.

Related Studies

Level of Awareness on the effects of Dangerous Drugs

The use and drug addiction had been a global problem for

decades now. This problem has been proven to hamper the progress

of the countries. It destroys the peace and order as many crimes

are found to be committed by individuals under the influence of

drug. This is one of the reasons why researchers conduct study as

to the effectiveness of the anti-drug campaigns and programs

initiated by drugs government to disseminate information

regarding the ill effects of and propose ways to improve its

effectivity.

In the survey conducted by Social Weather Station in (2017)

entitled Awareness of the Campaign Against Illegal Drugs, they

found out that Filipinos are very much aware in the campaigns

launched by the government against illegal. This is parallel to

many researches that was made to gauge the awareness of

individuals in the effect of dangerous drugs. First is the

descriptive study conducted by Hiblawan et al., (2019) in Ifugao

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entitled, “Awareness of senior high school students on dangerous

drugs”. Aside from gauging the level of awareness through

questionnaire checklist, she also determined the factors

influencing their awareness and to identify programs initiated by

the school or community to boost their awareness on dangerous

drugs and lastly to propose intervention program. The results

showed that majority are knowledgeable on the classifications,

effects and penalties related to dangerous drugs; which is

influenced by their habits of reading magazines, surfing the,

watching news reports, peer influence, information education

campaign and drug prevention programs and campaigns initiated by

their school has an impact to their awareness. In addition, Joey

R. Pascua MSCrim Faculty Member of Cagayan State University,

College of Criminal Justice Education, published an article on 5

December, 2018 regarding the perceived effects of the anti-

illegal drug campaign. It contained the result of his study that

took place in Tuao, Cagayan aimed to measure the perceived

effects of the President's anti-illegal drug campaign in the

municipality. This study used the descriptive-correlational

research design and his respondents were the barangay officials

of 8 randomly selected barangays, instrument used to gather

information and data was a self-administered questionnaire

accompanied by an interview to verify and clarify some

information. The result showed that most of the respondents

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supports and favor the program of the government to stop the

proliferation of illegal drugs. However, they also enunciated

that in spite the support, the government should still observe

the rights of the suspected users and pushers by letting them be

convicted under due process. Furthermore, the researcher

recommended that the government should also improve its

rehabilitation programs by putting up facilities that are

accessible to all.

However, Filipinos still have the notion that they will just

be put in the prison once caught getting involved in drug-related

cases. This might be the reason why it is hard for them to quit

drugs. There is a scanty if research venturing on the knowledge

of Filipinos to the adverse effect of illegal drug consumption.

In this reason, Divya e al., (2018) explored on the “Level

of Awareness and Attitude on Ill-Effects of Substance Abuse among

Adolescent Students in Selected High Schools at Belgaum District,

India.” This study is quantitative in nature and they utilized

structured interview questionnaire used to collect the data which

was analyzed. The findings indicated that the adolescents’

students had average awareness or they are just merely aware

about the ill effects of substance abuse. The researchers also

suggest that need of strategies and intervention to enhance the

awareness and attitude of younger population. This almost

resembles with the study of Cudal, (2019) entitled “The level of

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awareness of criminology students o the adverse effects of

dangerous drugs” among 121 criminology students enrolled in

University of Cagayan Valley. The result of the study showed that

the respondents are very much aware on the adverse effects of

illegal drugs on their health.

These studies reflect that individuals who are very much

aware to the consequences of drug use are more likely to never

try drugs as compared to those that are unaware. This is the

ideas behind the statement of DDB Chairperson Benjamin Reyes who

believes that the administration should focus on prevention to

curb the problem. He insists that when no one falls in the trap

of drugs, it will be drug problem can be eliminated easier.

Synthesis

The literature and studies aforementioned namely: the

classification of drugs and its effect, penalties for drug-

related violations, the distinction of drug us, abuse and

addiction and studies which explored the level of awareness on

the effects of illegal drugs are of deemed relevance in

understanding and administering this present study.

Drugs destroys life and the future of an individual, it can

result to trouble and chaos. Also, not all drugs have the same

effect, each type has varied effect on the body but the few

moments of ease and enjoyment can lead to long term ill effects.
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The decrease in the number of drug users in the Philippines

was very commendable. However, the problem still exists. The

youths are the most fragile individuals which can easily be

persuaded to try drugs; hence this study is focused on measuring

how well they know the effects of drug use so that proper

interventions can be made to safeguard their welfare from the

destructive illegal drugs.

Chapter 3

Methods and Procedures

This chapter presents and were discuss the research design,

respondents of the study, data gathering tools, data gathering

procedure and statistical tool that would be used to determine

the level of awareness of students on the effects of illegal

drugs.

Research Design

This study is descriptive in nature as it determines the

relationship between the level of awareness of the respondents

and their profile. This design is limited only to examining

patterns of association between variables but does not in a way

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establish causality making it the most appropriate in

observational studies (Williams, 2007).

Respondent of the Study

Respondents will be chosen using a stratified random

sampling technique. Random sampling technique is the most

appropriate technique in this study to ensure that all the strata

in the population have an equal chance of being selected,

(Acharya, A. S. et al, 2013). The sample population will consist

of 120 Senior High School students, enrolled in University of

Cagayan Valley for the school year 2022-20S23. Sixty will be

Grade 11 students and the other half will be Grade 12 students,

ultimately since each grade level is sectioned into different

strands, 12 respondents shall be taken from each to ensure proper

representation.

Data Gathering Tool

The main instrument that will be used to obtain information

and measure the participants' levels of awareness in this study

is a questionnaire. This instrument will be patterned to the one

used by Cudal, M. (2019) on her study titled “The Level of

Awareness of Criminology Students on the Adverse Effects of

Dangerous Drugs.”

The questionnaire consists of the following parts:

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Part 1 of the questionnaire consists of the demographic profile

of the respondents which includes their age, gender, strand,

grade level, religion, and parents’ educational attainment and

their economic status.

Part 2 of the questionnaires includes a rating scale that

ranges from very much aware to not aware, indicating the level of

awareness of the respondent relative to the effect of illegal

drugs. It consists of 27 items covering two components namely,

effect of drugs based on their classification a.) hallucinogens,

b.) stimulants, and c.) depressants, (eleven items) and their

awareness on the penalties imposed on each drug-related violation

(sixteen items).

Data Gathering Procedures

The researchers will first obtain the permission from the

Office of the School Principal to conduct the study. After which,

the researchers will stay at a place where the potential

respondents can be found. Also, the consent of respondents and

will also be obtained through the free prior and informed consent

(FPIC) form. Prior to the distribution of questionnaire, the

objective of the study will be explained to them briefly, and

they will be assured that their identities and responses would be

kept with utmost confidentiality.

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SCHOOL OF CRIMINOLOGY
The researchers will personally administer the distribution

and retrieval of questionnaires from the respondents.

The third and final step involved will be the encoding,

tabulating and data analysis of the variables that are relevant

to the study.

Statistical Tool

The data that will be gathered will be analyzed using

descriptive and inferential statistics.

The profile variables will be analyzed using frequency count

and percentage. While the respondents' level of awareness will be

determined using weighted mean, with the following

interpretations:

Numerical Scale Range Description

3 2.34-3.00 Very much aware

2 1.67-2.33 Aware

1 1.00-1.66 Not aware

For the inferential questions, ANOVA or Analysis of variance

will be utilized to test if there is a significant difference in

the respondents' level of awareness when grouped according to

their profile variables and to identify the dimensions that they

are least aware.

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QUESTIONNAIRES
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SCHOOL OF CRIMINOLOGY

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