ANSWER KEYS TO T136

A. MULTIPLE CHOICE (40 PTS.)

I. GRAMMAR AND STRUCTURES (5 pts.)
Choose the best option to complete the following sentences.
1. ______ anything suspicious arise, please let me know at once.
A. Should B. Would C. Can D. Did
2. She ______ on her computer for more than two hours when she decided to stop for a rest.
A. has worked B. has been working C. was working D. had been working
3. The new manager explained ______ new procedures to save time and money.
A. with the staff that he hoped to establish B. to the staff that he hopes to establish
C. to the staff that he hoped to establish D. with the staff that he hopes to establish
4. When reaching the top of the hill, ______.
A. we suddenly caught sight of the sea B. it was the sea that extended below us
C. we extended the sea below us D. the sea came into view
5. Yesterday my mother bought ______.
A. beautiful Italian some cotton hats B. Italian some beautiful cotton hats
C. some beautiful Italian cotton hats D. some hats beautiful Italian cotton
6. You ______ the washing-up. I could have done it for you.
A. needn’t have done B. hadn’t to do C. couldn’t have done D. mustn’t have done
7. + “Mary didn’t understand it.” + “______.”
A. So did I B. I did too C. I did either D. Me neither
8. Hurry up, or they ______ serving meals by the time we get to the restaurant.
A. stopped B. will have stopped C. are stopping D. would stop
9. + “Have you read his new book?”
+ “Yes, it’s ______ interesting than his first four books.”
A. the most B. very much C. a lot more D. the more
10. He prefers to read newspapers ______ talk to his wife.
A. to B. than C. rather than D. rather

KEY
1. A. Should 6. A. needn’t have done
2. D. had been working 7. D. Me neither
3. C. to the staff that he hoped to establish 8. B. will have stopped
4. A. we suddenly caught sight of the sea 9. C. a lot more
5. C. some beautiful Italian cotton hats 10. C. rather than
II. PHRASAL VERBS AND PREPOSITIONS (5 pts.)
Choose the best option to complete the following sentences.
1. Her boss told her ______ because she had behaved irresponsibly.
A. on B. over C. off D. into
2. The tutor went ______ a bad cold just before Christmas.
A. down with B. in for C. over D. through
3. You are not allowed to drive ______ the influence ______ alcohol.
A. under/ of B. in/ of C. under/ by D. by/ in
4. He never says anything good about me. He is forever running me ______.
A. out B. over C. away D. down
5. She was overwhelmed with honor ______ recognition ______ her bravery.
A. with/ of B. on/ in C. by/ about D. in/ of
6. If we can’t afford a car, we’ll just have to ______ one.
A. do with B. put up with C. do without D. catch up with
7. I ______ my Mum by cooking dinner for her.
A. cheered up B. looked up C. waited for D. felt like
8. I am so tired that I can’t take ______ what you are saying.
A. in B. after C. up D. on
9. Nobody seems to be ______ control of those children.
A. under B. over C. with D. in
10. You’ll have to ______ a better idea than that if you want to win.
A. come in for B. get down to C. bring out D. come up with

KEYS
1. C. off 6. C. do without
2. A. down with 7. A. cheered up
3. A. under/ of 8. A. in
4. D. down 9. D. in
5. D. in/ of 10. D. come up with

III.VOCABULARY (10 pts.)

Choose the best option to complete the following sentences.
1. I can’t tell Peter and Paul apart; they are ______ twins.
A. similar B. alike C. resemblance D. identical
2. According to my ______, we should have enough money for the rest of the month.
A. estimates B. calculations C. suspicions D. expectations
3. Owing to various advances in modern medicine, certain diseases that were seemingly incurable now ______
treatment.
A. yield to B. consist of C. interfere with D. stem from
4. Books are no longer the only ______ of stories and information.
A. source B. style C. basis D. site
5. The accident was caused by a taxi driver ______ the traffic lights.
A. jumping B. rushing C. missing D. crossing
6. I couldn’t tell what time it was because workmen had removed the ______ of the clock.
A. hands B. pointers C. arms D. fingers
7. Since ______ has been so poor, the class has been closed.
A. attendance B. attendant C. attending D. attendee
8. At the end of the winter, the price of winter clothes in the shop usually ______.
A. drops B. lowers C. sinks D. reduces
9. The school was closed for a month because of serious ______ of fever.
A. outcome B. outburst C. outbreak D. outset
10. ______ his advice, I would never have got a job.
A. Except B. Apart from C. But for D. As for
11. The question of late payment of bills was ______ at the board meeting.
A. risen B. raised C. bought D. taken
12. Modern buildings should ______ with the surrounding area.
A. suit B. fit C. blend D. join
13. There was nothing special about his clothes ______ from his flowery tie.
A. but B. except C. other D. apart
14. He is a typical ______, always looking on the bright side of everything.
A. pessimist B. introvert C. extrovert D. optimist
15. He carried a(n) ______ driving license.
A. artificial B. unfaithful C. untrue D. false
16. You would look up a word in a dictionary if you didn’t know what it ______.
A. signified B. meant C. showed D. talked
17. As the drug took ______, the patient became quieter.
A. effect B. force C. influence D. action
18. His answer was so confusing that it hardly made ______.
A. meaning B. interpretation C. intelligibility D. sense
19. My father sometimes ______ the washing up after dinner.
A. washes B. takes C. makes D. does
20. Waste paper can be used again after being ______.
A. produced B. recycled C. wasted D. preserved

KEYS
1. D. identical 2. B. calculations
 3. A. yield to 12. C. blend
4. A. source 13. D. apart
5. A. jumping 14. D. optimist
6. A. hands 15. D. false
7. A. attendance 16. B. meant
8. A. drops 17. A. effect
9. C. outbreak 18. D. sense
10. C. But for 19. D. does
11. B. raised 20. B. recycled
III. GUIDED CLOZE (10 pts.)
Read the text below and decide which answer best fits each space.
Passage A:
The world is in the midst of a COVID-19 pandemic. As WHO and partners work (1) _____ on the response
- tracking the pandemic, (2) _____ on critical interventions, distributing vital medical supplies to those in need -
they are racing to develop and deploy safe and effective vaccines.
Vaccines save millions of lives each year. Vaccines work (3) _____ training and preparing the body’s
natural defences - the immune system - to recognize and (4) _____ the viruses and bacteria they target. If the
body is (5) _____ to those disease-causing germs later, the body is immediately ready to destroy them,
preventing illness.
There are currently more than 50 COVID-19 vaccine candidates in (6) _____. WHO is working in
collaboration (7) _____ scientists, business, and global health organizations through the ACT Accelerator to (8)
_____ the pandemic response. When a safe and effective vaccine is found, COVAX (led by WHO, GAVI and
CEPI) will facilitate the equitable access and distribution of these vaccines to protect people in all countries.
People most (9) _____ will be prioritized. While we work towards rolling out a safe and effective vaccine
fairly, we must continue the essential public health actions to (10) _____ transmission and reduce mortality.
1. A. one another B. each other C. together D. altogether
2. A. advising B. to advise C. advised D. advise
3. A. with B. by C. for D. on
4. A. fight off B. fight for C. fight against D. fight about
5. A. imposed B. proposed C. deposed D. exposed
6. A. trial B. trials C. trialism D. try
7. A. in B. with C. on D. for
8. A. be speedy B. speeding C. speed up D. speed
9. A. taking risks B. at risk C. risking D. risky
10. A. suppress B. express C. depress D. impress

KEYS
1. C. together 6. B. trials
2. A. advising 7. B. with
3. B. by 8. C. speed up
4. A. fight off 9. B. at risk
5. D. exposed 10. A. suppress
Passage B:
Throughout history, women have had responsibility for healing (1) _____. However, it is only in
comparative recent times (2) _____ they have been allowed to train as doctors at medical schools in Britain.
Yet in that short time, they have (3) _____ an enormous contribution to modern medicine.
The first female doctors were nuns (4) _____ gave advice about diseases and (5) _____ and prepared
medicines. In ancient Rome, women healers (6) _____ skillful and respected. In Britain, (7) _____ centuries
male doctors were suspicious of women who practiced medicine (8) _____ and in 1512 a law was passed
making it (9) _____ for them to do so. Women couldn’t study medicine at universities (10) _____ the 19 th
century and they only began to gain equality with male doctors in the 20th century.
1. A. people B. patient C. the sick D. diseases
2. A. that B. when C. which D. and
3. A. caused B. done C. had D. made
4. A. they B. who C. whose D. which
5. A. injured B. painful C. injuries D. wounded
6. A. had considered B. have considered C. were considered D. were regarded
7. A. in B. with C. on D. for
8. A. profession B. professional C. professionally D. unprofessional
9. A. legal B. illegal C. legally D. legality
10. A. until B. in C. from D. since

KEYS
1. C. the sick 6. C. were considered
2. A. that 7. D. for
3. D. made 8. C. professionally
4. B. who 9. B. illegal
5. C. injuries 10. A. until
IV. READING COMPREHENSION (10 pts.)
Read the text below and choose the best answer to each question.
Passage A:
Like schools in Britain and other English speaking countries, those in the U.S have also always stressed
"character" or "social" skills through extracurricular activities, including organized sports. Because most
schools start at around 8 o'clock every morning and classes often do not finish until 3 or 4 o'clock in the
afternoon, such activities mean that many students do not return home until the early evening. There is usually a
very broad range of extracurricular activities available. Most schools, for instance, publish their own student
newspapers, and some have their own radio stations. Almost all have student orchestras, bands, and choirs.
Many different sports are also available and most schools share their facilities - swimming pools, tennis
courts, tracks, and stadiums - with the public. Often the students themselves organize and support school
activities and raise money through car washes, baby-sitting, or by mowing lawns. Parents and local business
often also help a group that, for example, has a chance to go to a state music competition, to compete in some
sports championship, or take a camping trip. Such activities not only give pupils a chance to be together outside
of normal classes, they also help develop a feeling of "school spirit" among the students and in the community.
1. How many hours do the children stay at school a day?
A. eight B. five C. six D. four
2. Which extracurricular school activities are not mentioned?
A. writing newspapers B. singing in a choir
C. helping old people D. working in a radio station
3. Which sports facilities are not mentioned in the text?
A. swimming pools B. tennis courts C. golf course D. stadiums
4. What do the students do to support school activities?
A. look after a baby B. repair cars C. sell lawn mowers D. sell newspapers
5. Which activities are not helped by parents and local business?
A. performing at a state music competition B. working in a TV station
C. playing in a sport competition D. having a camping trip

KEYS
1. A. eight 4. A. look after a baby
2. C. helping old people 5. B. working in a TV station
3. C. golf course
Passage B:
For a long time, amphibians were confused with reptiles. Like reptiles, they have three-chambered hearts
and are cold-blooded. Some amphibians, such as salamanders, are even shaped like lizards. However, unlike
reptiles, amphibians never have claws on their toes or scales on their bodies. Furthermore, the eggs of
amphibians lack shells, so they must be laid in water or in moist places.
Amphibians were the first creatures to spend sizable amounts of their lives on land. The larvae of most
amphibians, such as frog tadpoles, are born with gills and live in water. However, their gills disappear as they
develop lungs. Most retain the ability to breathe through the moist surface of their skin. This comes in handy
when they hibernate in the bottom mud of lakes and ponds during the coldest months. They take in the small
amount of oxygen they need through their skin. Some amphibians undergo what is known as a "double
metamorphosis", changing not only from gill breathers to lung breathers but also from vegetarians to
insectivores.
Although the amphibian class is rather small in number of species, it shows great diversity. There are three
major types. The caecilians of the tropics are long, legless, burrowing creatures. Caudate amphibians, such as
newts and salamanders, mostly have long tails and stubby legs. Salientians, which include both frogs and toads,
are tailless as adults and have powerful hind legs. Toads differ from frogs primarily in that they have dry, warty
skin.
1. The author’s main purpose in writing the passage is to _____.
A. contrast different types of amphibians
B. define and describe amphibians
C. trace the development of amphibians from larvae to adults
D. explain how amphibians differ from other creatures
2. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT a characteristic of amphibians?
A. They are cold-blooded. B. They have claws on their toes.
C. They have three-chambered hearts. D. They lay eggs without shells.
3. The term "scales" is closest to which of the following in meaning?
A. Plates covering the bodies of certain animals.
B. Proportions between different sets of dimensions.
C. Devices used to measure weight.
D. Sounds made by various animals.
4. According to the passage, the term "double metamorphosis" refers to the fact that amphibians _____.
A. change both the shape of their bodies and the way in which they lay eggs
B. change both their methods of breathing and their feeding habits
C. first breathe through their gills, then through their lungs, then through their skin
D. first live in the water, then on land, then in mud in the bottom of ponds and lakes
5. All of the following are identified in the passage as amphibians EXCEPT _____.
A. salamanders B. caecilians C. lizards D. newts

KEYS
1. B. define and describe amphibians
2. B. They have claws on their toes.
3. A. Plates covering the bodies of certain animals.
4. B. change both their methods of breathing and their feeding habits
5. C. lizards
Passage C:
The changing profile of a city in the United States is apparent in the shifting definitions used by the United
States Bureau of the Census. In 1870 the census officially distinguished the nation's “urban” from its “rural”
population for the first time. “Urban population” was defined as persons living in towns of 8,000 inhabitants or
more. But after 1900 it meant persons living in incorporated places having 2,500 or more inhabitants.
Then, in 1950 the Census Bureau radically changed its definition of “urban” to take account of the new
vagueness of city boundaries. In addition to persons living in incorporated units of 2,500 or more, the census
now included those who lived in unincorporated units of that size, and also all persons living in the densely
settled urban fringe, including both incorporated and unincorporated areas located around cities of 50,000
inhabitants or more. Each such unit, conceived as an integrated economic and social unit with a large
population nucleus, was named a Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area (SMSA).
Each SMSA would contain at least A. one central city with 50,000 inhabitants or more or B. two cities
having shared boundaries and constituting, for general economic and social purposes, a single community with
a combined population of at least 50,000, the smaller of which must have a population of at least 15,000. Such
an area included the county in which the central city is located, and adjacent counties that are found to be
metropolitan in character and economically and socially integrated with the county of the central city. By 1970,
about two-thirds of the population of the United States was living in these urbanized areas, and of that figure
more than half were living outside the central cities.
While the Census Bureau and the United States government used the term SMSA (by 1969 there were 233
of them), social scientists were also using new terms to describe the elusive, vaguely defined areas reaching out
from what used to be simple “towns” and “cities”. A host of terms came into use: “metropolitan regions,”
“polynucleated population groups,” “conurbations,” “metropolitan clusters,” “megalopolises,” and so on.
1. What does the passage mainly discuss?
A. How cities in the United States began and developed
B. Solutions to overcrowding in cities
C. The changing definition of an urban area
D. How the United States Census Bureau conducts a census
2. According to the passage, the population of the United States was first classified as rural or urban in _____.
A. 1870 B. 1900 C. 1950 D. 1970
3. The word “distinguished” in line 2 is closest in meaning to _____.
A. differentiated B. removed C. honored D. protected
4. Prior to 1900, how many inhabitants would a town have to have before being defined as urban?
A. 2,500 B. 8,000 C. 15,000 D. 50,000
5. According to the passage, why did the Census Bureau revise the definition of urban in 1950?
A. City borders had become less distinct.
B. Cities had undergone radical social change.
C. Elected officials could not agree on an acceptable definition.
D. New businesses had relocated to larger cities.
6. The word “those” in line 8 refers to _____.
A. boundaries B. persons C. units D. areas
7. The word “constituting” in line 13 is closest in meaning to _____.
A. located near B. determined by C. calling for D. making up
8. The word “which” in line 14 refers to a smaller _____.
A. population B. city C. character D. figure
9. Which of the following is NOT true of an SMSA?
A. It has a population of at least 50,000. B. It can include a city's outlying regions.
C. It can include unincorporated regions. D. It consists of at least two cities.
10. By 1970, what proportion of the population in the United States did NOT live in an SMSA?
A. 3/4 B. 2/3 C. 1/2 D. 1/3

KEYS
1. C. The changing definition of an urban area 6. B. persons
2. A. 1870 7. D. making up
3. A. differentiated 8. B. city
4. B. 8,000 9. D. It consists of at least two cities.
5. A. City borders had become less distinct. 10. D. 1/3

B. WRITTEN TEST (70 PTS.)

I. CLOZE TEST (20 pts.)
Fill in each bank of the following passages with an appropriate word.
Passage A:
THE GLOBAL WARMING
The effects of global warming and climate change are of concern both for the environment and human life.
Evidence of (1) _______ climate change includes the instrumental temperature record, (2) _______ sea levels,
and (3) _______ snow cover in the Northern Hemisphere. (4) _______ to the IPCC Fourth Assessment
Report, most of the observed increase in global average temperatures since the mid-20 th century is very likely
due to the observed increase in human greenhouse gas concentrations. It is (5) _______ that future climate
changes will include further global (6) _______ (i.e., an upward trend in global mean temperature), sea level
rise, and a probable increase in the frequency of some extreme weather events. Ecosystems are seen as (7)
_______ particularly vulnerable to climate change. Human systems are (8) _______ as being variable in their
capacity to adapt to future climate change. To reduce the risk of large changes in future climate, many
countries have (9) _______ policies (10) _______ to reduce their emissions of greenhouse gases.

KEYS
1. observed 2. rising
 3. decreased 7. being
4. According 8. seen
5. predicted 9. implemented
6. warming 10. designed
Passage B:
HIGHER EDUCATION IN THE UK
Students who have successfully completed an A-level course may go to university to do (1) ______ three- or
four-year course leading to a first degree such as Bachelor of Arts (BA), Bachelor of Science (BSc), etc. They
apply to several universities which then (2) ______ an offer of a place specifying the minimum grades the
student needs to obtain in the A level subjects studied. Higher education is not (3) ______. In principle,
students have to pay a contribution to the cost of teaching (tuition fees) and have also to pay their living costs
(maintenance). The government provides (4) ______ to help them pay for university education which have to
be paid back from earnings once their income reaches a certain (5) ______. In recent years government policy
has been to (6) ______ the percentage of 18-year olds (7) ______ go to university, which is now, at 40%,
double the 1990 figure, but this growth has been at the (8) ______ of the amount of financial support given to
individual students.
Universities receive money (9) ______ the state for each student and are responsible for employing staff and
deciding which courses to offer. The head of a university, who is (10) ______ for its management, is called a
vice-chancellor.
KEYS
1. a 6. increase
2. make 7. who
3. free 8. expense
4. loans 9. from
5. level 10. responsible
II. WORD FORMATION (20 pts.)
Part 1:
Complete these sentences, using the suitable form of the words in capitals.
1. CORRESPOND How are you getting on with your _________________ course in Russian?
2. FREQUENT The ______________ of the trains and the buses causes frustration and annoyance.
3. COURAGE She received a lot of _________________ from her mother.
4. HEALTH It’s very _________________ to live in a damp room.
5. SATISFACTION As she is so _________________ with her present job, she has decided to leave.
6. RELY He promised to come but he’s very _________________.
7. COMPETE The factory was _________________ so the management tried to cut costs by making
some workers redundant.
8. ECONOMY Burning coal is an ______________ way of heating a house. Gas is much cheaper.
9. EMPLOY He is completely _________________! Not only is he lazy but he is dishonest too.
10. KIND She divorced him because of his _________________ to the children.

KEYS
1. correspondence 6. unreliable
2. infrequency 7. incompetent
3. encouragement 8. uneconomical
4. unhealthy 9. unemployable
5. dissatisfied 10. unkindness
Part 2:
Fill in each blank with the correct word form of the words in brackets.
SWINE INFLUENZA
Swine influenza virus is common throughout pig populations worldwide. (1) (transmit) _______ of the
virus from pigs to humans is not common and does not always lead to human influenza, often resulting only in
the (2) (produce) _______ of antibodies in the blood. If transmission does cause (3) (man) _______ influenza,
 it is called zoonotic swine flu. People with regular exposure to pigs are at increased risk of swine flu (4)
(infect) _______. The meat of an infected animal poses no risk of infection when (5) (proper) _______
cooked.
During the mid-20th century, identification of influenza subtypes became possible, allowing accurate (6)
(diagnose) _______ of transmission to humans. Since then, only 50 such transmissions have been confirmed.
(7) (this) _______ strains of swine flu (8) (rare) _______ pass from human to human. Symptoms of zoonotic
swine flu in humans are similar to those of influenza and of influenza-like illness in general, (9) (name)
_______ chills, fever, sore throat, muscle pains, severe headache, (10) (cough) _______, weakness and
general discomfort.

KEYS
1. Transmission 6. diagnosis
2. production 7. these
3. human 8. rarely
4. infection 9. namely
5. properly 10. coughing

III. ERROR CORRECTION (10 pts.)

Identify the one underlined word or phrase that must be changed in order for the sentence to be correct.
1. Sugars like glucose is made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen atoms.
A B C D
2. In general the only kinds of cells that cannot replace itself are nerve cells.
A B C D
3. In addition to save on gas, the modern car is designed to save on maintenance
A B C D
expenses.
4. The world is becoming more industrialized and the number of animal species that have
A B
become extinct have increased.
C D
5. Tom’s very good at science when his brother is absolutely hopeless.
A B C D
6. Weather and geography conditions may determine the type of transportation used in
A B C D
a region.
7. Marilyn Monroe, who was a famous actress, died from drug overdose.
A B C D
8. When you talk to the old man, please remember to speak out as he's hard of hearing.
A B C D

9. The old and the new in transportation also contrast sharply in Middle East.
A B C D
10. Geothermal energy is energy to obtain by using heat from the Earth’s interior.
A B C D

KEYS
1. B. is  are 6. C. type  types
2. C. itself  themselves 7. C. died from  died of
3. A. save on  saving on 8. B. to speak out  to speak up
4. D. have  has 9. D. Middle East  the Middle East
5. C. when  whereas 10. B. to obtain  to be obtained
IV. SENTENCE TRANSFORMATION (20 pts.)
Finish the second sentence so that it has the same meaning as the first one.
1. That rumor about the politician and the contract is absolutely false.
 There is
2. I have frequently made stupid mistakes like that.
 Many's............................................................................................................................................
3. Peter had not expected that he would feel so weak after the operation.
 The operation left .........................................................................................................................
4. Nobody can deny that she has a beautiful voice.
 It is .................................................................................................................................................
5. The only way you can become a good athlete is by training hard every day.
 Only by ..........................................................................................................................................
6. You should have called the doctor at once.
 It was .............................................................................................................................................
7. My protests were ignored.
 Nobody took ..................................................................................................................................
8. Gary is proud of the fact that he is never late.
 Gary prides ....................................................................................................................................
9. Someone has suggested abolishing income tax.
 It has .............................................................................................................................................
10. The chances are that the whole thing will have been forgotten by next term.
 In all ..............................................................................................................................................

KEYS
1. There is absolutely no truth about the politician and the contract.
2. Many’s the time that I have made stupid mistakes like that.
3. The operation left Peter feeling weaker than he had expected.
4. It is a fact that she has a beautiful voice.
5. Only by training hard every day can you become a good athlete.
6. It was wrong of you not to call the doctor at once.
7. Nobody took notice of my protest.
8. Gary prides himself on never being late.
9. It has been suggested (that) income tax (should) be abolished.
10. In all probability the whole thing will have been forgotten by next term.

……….. END OF TEST, BEST OF LUCK ………