Article

Class - 1
By - Hemendar Goswami
Articles - Word fixers, Determiners
Articles are essentially adjectives that qualifies a noun.

Raju saw beautiful flowers.

He saw a book.

He loves the Taj Mahal.

He loves good books.

Articles - Word fixers, Determiners
Articles are essentially adjectives that qualifies a noun.

Indefinite = A / An

Definite = The
Indefinite = A/AN + S.C.N. – general sense/singular Sense.

An – initial vowel sound of S.C.N – a, e, I, o, u. ( 20sounds )

Fit/Hit –

Bike/Like –

Circle –

Director –

Fine –

Head / Heat -
Article
Class - 2
By - Hemendar Goswami
A – initial consonant sound of S.C.N – b, c, d, f,… etc. ( 24sounds )

Champion –

Chameleon -
Indefinite = A/AN + S.C.N. – general sense/singular Sense.
An – initial vowel sound of S.C.N – a, e, I, o, u. (20sounds)
Fit/Hit -
Bike/Like -
Circle -
Director –
Fine –
Head / Heat -

A – initial consonant sound of S.C.N – b, c, d, f,… etc. (24sounds)

Champion –
Chameleon -
a. A b. an
___heir / air

___hour ___hospital

___honorable man ___hotel

___honorable men ___option

___honest person ___opinion

___honest people ___one hundred rupee note.

___honesty ___one eyed man

a. A b. An

_____ university

_____ umbrella

_____onion

_____book

_____elephants

_____year

_____ear
a. A b. An
___M.B.A

___M.L.A.
___eve
___S.H.O
___event
___F.I.R
___evening
___X-RAY
___ experiment
___M.A
___European citizen.
___PH.D
Article
Class - 3
By - Hemendar Goswami
Definite

Uses of The
Definite
THE – 1. द – initial consonant sound. (The book, the mobile).

2. दद – initial vowel sound. (The hour, the age, the honest).

The – Specific sense.
When we introduce a S.C.N., we use { a / an }
When it is repeated, we use { the }

Example -
1.Once there was ____ teacher. ____ teacher had ____ son. ____ boy

next door was jealous of his son but his son trusted ____ boy.
Definite
THE – 1. द – initial consonant sound. (The book, the mobile).

2. दद – initial vowel sound. (The hour, the age, the honest).

The – Specific sense.
When we introduce a S.C.N., we use { a / an }
When it is repeated, we use { the }

Example -
2.Once there was _______ doctor. _______ doctor had ____ daughter.

_____ doctor from _____ next city wanted to marry ______ princess.
Use of “THE”
Article the is used with following categories

Name of scientific inventions

The x- ray, the T.V, the Radio, the Bulb…etc.

Name of musical instruments

The harmonium, the guitar, the piano, the mouth organ…etc.

Name of body parts

The eyes, the nose, the skin, the hair, the lips…etc.
Use of “THE”

✔Religious

1.Place – the Amaranth, the Vaishno devi , the Bangla Saheb…etc.

2.Book – the Ramayana, the Quran, the Bible…etc.

3.Community – the Hindu, the Muslims, the Christian …etc.

4.Group – the Bajrang dal, the RSS, the VHP…etc.

5.Symbol – the Swastik, the Holy Cross…etc.

✔Political
1.Party – The BJP, the AAP, the Congress…etc.

2.Organisation – The UNESCO, The UNO…etc.

3.Book – The Constitution of India, the CRPC, the IPC… etc.

4.Symbol – The Ashoka chakra, the Tricolour…etc.

5.Places – The lok sabha, the Rajya Sabha, the Town Hall…etc.

6.Group – The ABVP, The NSUI…etc.

7.Post – The president, the P.M, the C.M, the Speaker…etc.

The ❌ Parliament { Parliament = group of owls }

✔Geographical
1.Lake – The Dal lake, The Pangos lake,

2.River – The Ganga, The Kaveri, The Yamuna, The Godavari…etc.

3,Ocean – The Pacific, The Atlantic,

4.Continent – The Asia, The Europe,

5.Mountain ranges – The Himalayas, The Aravallies, The Andes,

Note:- The❌ Everest, The❌ K-2

6.Season – The Spring, The Autumn, The Spring,

7.Group of islands – The Andaman & Niko bar, The Lakshadweep,

Note :- The ❌ Java, The❌ Sumatra
☑Historical
Incident – The Dandi March, The Chora – Chauri, The Massacre of jalianwala,

Revolution – The Green rev., The White rev, The French rev, The Russian rev

Movement – The Satyagraha, The Quiet India,

Age/Era – The Stone Age, the Copper Age,…

Dynasty – The Gupta,…

Empire – The Mugal empire,…

Place – The gateway of India, The Taj, The Red Fort, …

Note :- Place/Building – the❌ + Person/Place + Noun

The❌Qutub Minar, The❌Shivaji Stadium, The❌ India Gate, The❌ IGI Airport.
Publication

Newspaper – The Hindu, The Times of India, The Indian Express,…etc.

Books – The Hard Times, The Tale of Two Cities, The Jataka Tales,…etc.

Journals – the Year Book, The Outlook, The Chronicles,…etc.

Note: The × Gulliver’s Travels, The Travels of Gulliver

Uncountable Noun
Uncountable Noun

Material – Gold, Silver, Wood, Iron,… etc.

The gold of this ring is pure.

The gold is a precious metal.

The water is important for every living being.

The water of this tank is dirty.

Zone of caution
1.General sense – no article
2.Specific sense – article is used.

Material – Gold, Silver, Wood, Iron,… etc.

The gold of this ring is pure.

The gold is a precious metal.

The water is important for every living being.

The water of this tank is dirty.

Abstract noun
Zone of caution
Abstract noun – Honesty, Bravery, Smartness, courage,… etc.

1.General sense – no article

2.Specific sense – article is used.

We know that _______ honesty is the best policy.

_______ honesty in this business is very important.

Direction
Direction

1.The + Major directions ✔

Ex –
He went towards ___ north.

2. (❌ the ) + sub directions

Ex –
He went towards ___ north east.
Direction

3.{ No article ❌ + ____ern + noun( Uncountable Noun) }

Ex-
I like ___ western music.

4.{ A/An/the + ____ern + noun ( Countable Noun ) } ✔

Ex-
She is from_______ Southern state.
Name of Subjects { _______ + cs }

Mathematics is ✔ /are very easy.

The Mathematics of Vivek Sir is/are ✔ excellent.

The Mathematics – calculations

The Physics – dimensions

The Politics – political views

The Economics – Money matters

☑Zone of caution

Let us meet at _______ church.

Let us pray at _______ church.

☑Zone of caution

We don’t use article “the” With the following places

✔General sense – no article
✔Specific sense – article is used.

1.Educational place. – school, college,

2.Public place. – market, bus stand, airport, garden, railway station, hospital…

3.Religious place. – temple, church…

-
☑Zone of caution

He is the Manager of our new branch.

I made him the manager of new branch.

Mr. Sharma is elected an M.L.A of our area.

Mr. Sharma is an M.L.A of our area.

He is appointed the Principal of this school.

He is the Principal of this school.

☑Zone of caution

Action verb + ( A/An/the wrong❌ ) Position

Action verb – make, select, appoint, become, declare,… etc.

He is the Manager of our new branch.

I made him the manager of new branch.

Mr. Sharma is elected an M.L.A of our area.

Mr. Sharma is an M.L.A of our area.

He is appointed the Principal of this school.

He is the Principal of this school.
☑ Zone of caution

I met an Anil today.

I met Anil today.

☑Zone Of caution
Proper Noun

Name – No article – about it listener / reader is aware of.

A / An – about it listener / reader is not aware of.

There is Raju – known to you.

There is a Raju – unknown to you.

(A / An + proper noun = common noun)

A/An + proper noun = Reader or listener is not aware of.
The + proper noun = Comparison to proper noun.

Example –

I saw Ajay in the market.

I saw an Ajay in the market.

Kalidas is the Shakespeare of India.

Raju is the Sachin of my college

Article
Practice
By - Hemendar Goswami
A sentence is divided into four segments marked A, B, C, D. Select
the segment of the sentence that contains a grammatical error
and mark the segment. If there is no error, mark ‘No error’ as your
answer.

1. It is advised (a)/ to drive slow, (b)/ as the laborers (c)/ are at the
work (d)/ No error (e)

1) d
2) a
3) b
4) c
5) e
It is advised (a)/ to drive slow, (b)/ as the laborers (c)/ are at the work (d)/ No
error (e)
1) d
2) a
3) b Correct Option - 1
4) c The correct answer is option 1) i.e. d
5) e 1. The phrase ,'The work' does not appropriately portrays the
use of the article.
2. The preposition itself suggest the situation, therefore the
article can be omitted from the sentence.

The correct sentence is: It is advised to drive slow, as the

laborers are at work.
A sentence is divided into four segments marked A, B, C, D. Select the
segment of the sentence that contains a grammatical error and mark the
segment. If there is no error, mark ‘No error’ as your answer.

2. The Sun (a)/ is a (b)/ greatest source (c)/ of energy (d)/ No error (e)

1) a
2) b
3) c
4) d
5) e
The Sun (a)/ is a (b)/ greatest source (c)/ of energy (d)/ No error (e)
1) a
2) b
3) c Correct Option - 2
4) d The correct answer is option 2) i.e b
5) e Explanation :
While expressing the comparative degree of adjective, article 'The'
is used.
The presence of the article defines the fact that no other source of
energy is greater than the Sun.

The correct sentence is: The Sun is the greatest source of energy.
A sentence is divided into four segments marked A, B, C, D. Select the
segment of the sentence that contains a grammatical error and mark the
segment. If there is no error, mark ‘No error’ as your answer.

3. The red (a)/ is a (b)/ very bright (c)/ color (d)/ No error (e)

1) c
2) a
3) d
4) e
5) b
The red (a)/ is a (b)/ very bright (c)/ color (d)/ No error (e)
1) c
2) a Correct Option - 2
3) d The correct answer is option 2) i.e a
4) e 1. Red is a common singular noun, name of a color, which is sufficient
5) b for its identity.
2. 'The' omission of the article in the beginning of the sentence is required
because it refers to one of the properties of the color, red.

In sentence as this, the color specifies something related to it, the noun
'dress'. I like the blue color of her dress.
The correct sentence is : Red is a very bright color
A sentence is divided into four segments marked A, B, C, D. Select the
segment of the sentence that contains a grammatical error and mark the
segment. If there is no error, mark ‘No error’ as your answer.

I work (a)/ at the (b)/ Kalkaji branch (c)/ of State Bank of India (d)/ No error
(e)

1) d
2) a
3) b
4) c
5) e
I work (a)/ at the (b)/ Kalkaji branch (c)/ of State Bank of India (d)/ No error
(e)
Correct Option - 1
1. Article 'the' gives recognition to the names of any
1) d organisation, countries, proper nouns.
2) a 2. The organisation has a specific name and while
3) b addressing it 'The' article must be used.
4) c
5) e Proper nouns for example names of any individual does
not begin with 'The',
The Ravi is going is school

The correct sentence is : I work at the Kalkaji branch of the

State Bank of India.
A sentence is divided into four segments marked A, B, C, D. Select the
segment of the sentence that contains a grammatical error and mark the
segment. If there is no error, mark ‘No error’ as your answer.

There (a)/ was(b)/ urgent call (c)/ from Goa (d)/ No error (e)

1) a
2) b
3) e
4) d
5) c
There (a)/ was(b)/ urgent call (c)/ from Goa (d)/ No error (e)

Correct Option - 5
1) a 'Urgent' as an adjective is defined in the pretext of the
2) b sentence.
3) e The lack of article before the adjective makes the sentence
4) d incoherent
5) c 'An urgent call' is the correct phrase as it ensures the
completeness of the sentence
The article follows the verb as per the rule of the words
beginning with a vowel sound.

The correct sentence is : There was an urgent call from Goa

Que.
A sentence is divided into four segments marked A, B, C, D. Select the
segment of the sentence that contains a grammatical error and mark the
segment. If there is no error, mark ‘No error’ as your answer.

I had (a)/ brought (b)/dozen eggs(c)/ from New Market (d)/ No error (e)

1) d
2) a
3) c
4) b
5) e
I had (a)/ brought (b)/dozen eggs(c)/ from New Market (d)/ No error (e)
Correct Option - 3
1) d One dozen is a collection of 12 eggs, according to the sentence.
2) a The collective noun, has a singular context so it it preceded by
3) c an indefinite article.
4) b The absence of any article before the phrase 'dozen eggs'
5) e makes it incomplete.

Collective noun is generally preceded by an article as it is an

idiomatic term in reference to the sentence.
The correct sentence is: I had brought a dozen eggs from New
Market.
A sentence is divided into four segments marked A, B, C, D. Select the
segment of the sentence that contains a grammatical error and mark the
segment. If there is no error, mark ‘No error’ as your answer.

A dog (a)/ is a (b)/faithful and (c)/ intelligent animal (d)/ No error (e)

1) b
2) d
3) a
4) e
5) c
A dog (a)/ is a (b)/faithful and (c)/ intelligent animal (d)/ No error (e)

Correct Option - 3
1) b Explanation:
2) d 1. When 'a dog' is referred, the article gives a specification of that
3) a individual species.
4) e 2. It does not do justice to the meaning of the sentence.
5) c 3. 'The' dog is the preferred choice as the article refers to the
general statement about all the breeds of dogs.

The correct sentence is : The dog is a faithful and playful animal.

Que.
A sentence is divided into four segments marked A, B, C, D. Select the
segment of the sentence that contains a grammatical error and mark the
segment. If there is no error, mark ‘No error’ as your answer.

It didn't send (A)/ a positive message to the investors (B)/ when the President
and the Chairman was(C)/ absent from yesterday's meeting. (D)

1) A
2) B
3) C
4) D
5) No error
It didn't send (A)/ a positive message to the investors (B)/ when the President
and the Chairman was(C)/ absent from yesterday's meeting. (D)
Correct Option - 3
The error lies in the wrong usage of the Definite Article ‘the’
1) A before ‘Chairman’ in Part C.
2) B The Definite Article ‘the’ should be removed before the word
3) C ‘Chairman’ because when two or more nouns that are connected
4) D indicate the same thing or person, the Definite Article ‘the’ is
5) No error usually used before the first ‘noun’.
For example - The actor and singer has declined the offer.
The article is used before each of the two or more nouns that are
connected when they indicate different things or persons-
For example -
The director and the actor of any soap-opera get the maximum
remuneration.
Directions. In the sentence identify the segment that contains the
grammatical error.

Stefan is going to Japan to look after the company's overseas project in the
January.

1) to look after
2) Stefan is
3) in the January.
4) going to Japan
5) the company's overseas project
Stefan is going to Japan to look after the company's overseas project in the
January.
Correct Option - 3
1) to look after Explanation:
2) Stefan is The error lies in the wrong usage of the Definite Article ‘the’
3) in the January. before the word ‘January’.
4) going to Japan The Definite article ‘the’ should be removed before ‘January’
the company’s because the articles, both Indefinite and Definite, are omitted
overseas project before the names of any of the twelve months of the year.
For example - John's birthday is in November.
Therefore, the Definite Article ‘the’ should be omitted.
So, the correct sentence is:
“Stefan is going to Japan to look after the company's overseas
project in January.”
Directions. In the sentence identify the segment that contains the grammatical
error.

The India is not only the largest democracy but also the home of one of the
most ancient civilizations of the world.

1) but also the home of

2) of the world
3) The India is
4) one of the most ancient civilizations
5) not only the largest democracy
The India is not only the largest Correct Option - 3.
democracy but also the home of one Explanation:
of the most ancient civilizations of The error lies in the wrong usage of the
the world. Definite Article ‘the’ before ‘India’.
The Definite article ‘the’ should be
1) but also the home of removed before the word ‘India’ because
2) of the world the articles, both Indefinite and Definite,
3) The India is are omitted before the names of any
4) one of the most ancient countries.
civilizations For example - China is a neighbouring
5) not only the largest democracy country of India.
So, the correct sentence is:
“India is not only the largest democracy
but also the home of one of the most
ancient civilizations of the world.”
Directions. In the sentence identify the segment that contains the
grammatical error.

The Mumbai, the financial capital of India, is also known as the city that never
sleeps.

1) that never sleeps.

2) capital of India,
3) The Mumbai, the financial
4) as the city
5) is also known
The Mumbai, the financial capital of India, is also known as the city that never
sleeps.
Correct Option - 3
1) that never sleeps. Explanation:
2) capital of India, The Definite article ‘the’ should be
3) The Mumbai, the financial removed before the word ‘Mumbai’
4) as the city because the articles, both Indefinite and
5) is also known Definite, are omitted before the names of
any cities or towns.
For example - Kolkata is famous for its
street food.
Therefore, the Definite Article ‘the’
should be omitted.
So, the correct sentence is:
“Mumbai, the financial capital of India, is
also known as the city that never
sleeps.”
Directions. In the sentence identify the segment that contains the
grammatical error.

The British defeated French in the Battle of Trafalgar which, sealed

the hopes of Napoleon Bonaparte to invade Britain.

1) to invade Britain
2) which, sealed the hopes
3) The British defeated French
4) in the Battle of Trafalgar
5) of Napoleon Bonaparte
 Correct Option - 3
The British defeated French in
Explanation:
the Battle of Trafalgar which,
The error lies in the omission of the
sealed the hopes of Napoleon
Definite Article ‘the’ before the word
Bonaparte to invade Britain.
‘French’.
‘The’ should be used before ‘French’
1) to invade Britain
because before the names of any races or
2) which, sealed the hopes
nations the Definite article is used.
3) The British defeated French
For example - The Ganges is considered
4) in the Battle of Trafalgar
holy by the Hindus.
5) of Napoleon Bonaparte
In the given sentence, the word 'French'
refers to the people of France.
So, the correct sentence is:
“The British defeated the French in the
Battle of Trafalgar which, sealed the
hopes of Napoleon Bonaparte to invade
Britain.”
Directions. In the sentence identify the segment that contains the
grammatical error.

Last year I went on a vacation along with my family in a

Andamans.

1) on a vacation
2) Last year
3) in a Andamans.
4) I went
5) along with my family
Last year I went on a Correct Option - 3
vacation along with my Explanation:
family in a Andamans. The error lies in the wrong usage of the
Indefinite Article ‘a’ in before the word
1) on a vacation ‘Andamans’.
2) Last year The Indefinite Article ‘a’ should be
3) in a Andamans. replaced by the Definite Article ‘the’
4) I went because the Definite Article ‘the’ is used
5) along with my before the names of group of islands, rivers,
family etc.
For example - The Ganges is a sacred river.
So, the correct sentence is:
“Last year I went on a vacation along with
my family in the Andamans.”
Directions. In the sentence identify the segment that contains the
grammatical error.

My father reads Times of India every day, and it has one of the
biggest circulations in the country.

1) in the country
2) it has
3) My father reads Times of India
4) one of the biggest circulations
5) every day, and
 Correct Option - 3
My father reads Times of Explanation:
India every day, and it The Definite article ‘the’ should be used before ‘Times of
has one of the biggest India’ because before the names of any newspapers, the
circulations in the Definite Article ‘the’ is used.
country. For example - Reading the Statesman has helped me a lot to
enrich my vocabulary.
1) in the country Mistake Points:
2) it has It is important to remember that the Definite article ‘the’ is
3) My father reads used before the names of any newspaper or journal.
Times of India For example-
4) one of the biggest ♦I red the Tribune every day.
circulations ♦I read Tribune every day.
5) every day, and The Definite article ‘the’ is used before the names of holy
books.
For example-
‘The Ramayana’, ‘The Mahabharata’, ‘The Bible’, ‘The
Puranas’, ‘The Vedas’, ‘The Quran’, etc.
Directions. In the sentence identify the segment that contains the
grammatical error.

A great Tagore gave us some sublime life lessons that are

relevant to all ages.

1) that are relevant

2) gave us some
3) A great Tagore
4) sublime life lessons
5) to all ages.
A great Tagore gave Correct Option - 3
us some sublime life Explanation:
lessons that are The error lies in the wrong usage of the Indefinite Article
relevant to all ages. ‘a’ before the adjective ‘great’ qualifying the Proper noun
'Tagore'.
For example- Works of the immortal Wordsworth is going
1) that are relevant to be our focus in the next seminar.
2) gave us some Therefore, ‘the’ should be used instead of ‘a’.
3) A great Tagore So, the correct sentence is:
4) sublime life “The great Tagore gave us some sublime life lessons that
lessons are relevant to all ages.”
5) to all ages. The Definite article ‘the’ is also used before a Proper noun
when it is qualified by an explaining adjectival clause.
For example-
The Mr. Sen whom you shook hands with yesterday is my
brother.
Directions. In the sentence identify the segment that
contains the grammatical error.

The salt is harmful to health, and the extra intake of salt is

not advisable to stay healthy and fit.

1) to stay healthy and fit.

2) and the extra
3) The salt is harmful to health,
4) intake of salt
5) is not advisable
The salt is harmful to Correct Option - 3
health, and the extra Explanation:
intake of salt is not The error lies in the wrong usage of the Definite
advisable to stay Article ‘the’ before ‘salt’.
healthy and fit. The Definite article ‘the’ should be removed before
the word ‘salt’ because the articles, both Indefinite
and Definite, are omitted before uncountable nouns
1) to stay healthy and or materials applied in common or general sense.
fit. For example- Silver jewellery is liked by many and
2) and the extra has a great demand in the market.
3) The salt is harmful The Definite Article ‘the’ is used with uncountable or
to health, abstract nouns when they refer to a specific thing
4) intake of salt (mostly when qualified by an adjective).
5) is not advisable For example-
I will always remember the gentleness with which he
spoke to me.
Directions. In the sentence identify the segment that contains the
grammatical error.

Rohan called me when I was in the school so I couldn't take his

call, but I called him later to enquire about it.

1) to enquire about it
2) so I couldn't take his call,
3) when I was in the school
4) Rohan called me
5) but I called him later
Rohan called me when Correct Option - 3
I was in the school so I Explanation:
couldn't take his call, The error lies in the wrong usage of the Definite
but I called him later to Article ‘the’ before ‘school’.
enquire about it. The Definite article ‘the’ should be removed before
the noun ‘school’ because the articles, both Indefinite
1) to enquire about it and Definite, are omitted before the common nouns
2) so I couldn't take ‘school’, ‘college’, 'university', ‘hospital’, ‘bed’,
his call, ‘prison’ when they are used for their main objective.
3) when I was in the For example- The pick-pocketer is still in prison.
school In the given sentence, the common noun ‘school’ is
4) Rohan called me used to indicate its primary purpose of studying.
5) but I called him Therefore, the Definite Article ‘the’ should be omitted.
later