RIZAL SHRINE IN CALAMBA

BEFORE AFTER
At the end of the lesson, the students shall be able to:
a) Analyze Rizal’s family, childhood and early
education.
b) Evaluate the people and events and their
influence on Rizal’s early life.
c) Understand the struggles of Rizal during his
academic years in the Manila far from his family
and mother.
d) Inculcate to the minds of the students that life is not
an easy road and they need to be as tough as they
can be having Rizal as an example.
The Mercado Clan (Family Tree)
Geographically, the Mercado’s house then
was located at the foot of Mt. Makiling (known to
be an inactive volcano). Their house was simple but
maybe elegant during those times. The house was
surrounded by fruit bearing trees or “punong
kahoy” in Tagalog that are almost gone at present
where only modern houses and condominiums are
visible. The Mercado family was big, comprises of
their parents and their eleven childrens, as
illustrated in the family tree above.
PART OF JOSE RIZAL’S ANCESTRY
The National Hero is Born
• It was on June 19, 1861 when the 7 th child of the
Mercados was born.
• Based on the reckonings of Zaide, Rizal’s mother
almost died when she delivered her seventh child.
Francisco Mercado • Father of Jose Rizal who was the
(1818-1898) youngest of 13 offsprings of Juan
and Cirila Mercado.
• Born in Biñan, Laguna on April 18,
1818; studied in San Jose College,
Manila; and died in Manila.
• He was one of the tenants of
Dominican lands in Calamba.
Teodora Alonzo • She was the first mentor and the
teacher of young Jose Rizal.
(1827-1913) • Mother of Jose Rizal who was the
second child of Lorenzo Alonso and
Brijida de Quintos.
• She studied at the Colegio de Santa
Rosa.
• She was a business minded woman,
corteous, religious, hard-working
and wellread.
• She was born in Santa Cruz, Manila
on November 14, 1827 and died in
1913 in Manila.
Saturnina Rizal • Eldest child of the Rizal-Alonso
(1850-1913) marriage.
• Married Manuel Timoteo Hidalgo
of Tanauan, Batangas. One of the
correspondents of Rizal when he
was in Europe was Saturnina’s
husband.
Paciano Rizal • Only brother of Jose Rizal and the
(1851-1930) second child.
• Studies at San Jose College in
Manila; became a farmer and
later a general of the Philippine
Revolution after his brother was
executed at the Bagumbayan
(1896).
• An avid supporter of his younger
brother when he (Jose) was
abroad.
Narcisa Rizal • The third child of Mercado’s
(1852-1939) family who became a teacher and
musician.
• She married Antonio Lopez, a
teacher from Morong, Bataan
Olympia Rizal • The fourth child who married
(1855-1887) Silvestre Ubaldo with whom she
bore children.
• She died when Jose Rizal was in
Europe.
 Lucia Rizal • The fifth child who married
(1857-1919) Mariano Herbosa.
• Her husband was denied a
Christian burial because he was
associated with Rizal and was
believed to have anti-friar
sentiments.
 Maria Rizal
(1859-1945) • The sixth child who got married to
Daniel Faustino of Binyang,
Laguna with whom she bore 5
children.
 Jose Rizal • The second son and the seventh
(1861-1896) child.
• The foremost national hero and
martyr recognized by most
Filipinos up to present.
• He died as a martyr by Spanish
firing squad on December 30,
1896 at 7:03 a.m.
Concepcion Rizal • The eighth child.
(1862-1865) • Died at the age of three. She was
the first sorrow of Rizal according
to accounts of Zaide.
 Josefa Rizal
(1865-1945) • The ninth child who was nicknamed
“Panggoy”.
• Died at the age of 80.
Trinidad Rizal • The 10th child who died last in
(1868-1951) Rizal’s family.
• She was entrusted by Rizal with
his untitled poem (maybe on a
piece of paper) inside the alcohol
lamp.
Soledad Rizal
(1870-1929)

• The youngest child who got

married to Pantaleon Quinter and
the couple had 5 children.
BACKGROUND OF EDUCATION SYSTEM IN THE
PHILS. DURING THE SPANISH PERIOD
• There are only 2 Kinds of Students. Those with Spanish
Blood, and Rich.
• Schools are owned by the Religious Organizations (No public
/ non-sectarian Schools).
• Boys were the Priest Orders and Girls were the Nuns in
Convent.
• Traditional Form of Teaching. Discipline and Memorization.
“Believe in Order to Understand”
• 4 R’s of Teaching: Reading, wRiting, aRithmethic, Religion
CHRONOLOGY OF RIZAL’S EDUCATION
• HOME – Teacher: Teodora Alonzo. 4’R and Parable of the Moth
• BIÑAN, LAGUNA – Teacher: Maestro Justiniano Cruz
Jose was a young boy with a “thirst for knowledge”. He was first
taught at home. Then he was sent to Binyang in June 1869 at a young
age of 8. His maestro there was Justiniano Cruz who developed his
knowledge of the Spanish language. Juancho, was another maestro
who taught Rizal in painting and the very reason why Rizal excelled
also in drawing as well as sketches.
The Story of the Moth
• The first education of young Jose was at home. Having Donya
Teodora as his “first teacher”, the young Jose was being prepared for
his formal schooling. One night, young Jose’s mother read him the
Story of the Moth.
Chronology
1.Paciano, Rizal’s brother was studying at Colegio de San Jose
under tutelage of Fr. Jose Burgos
2.Cavite mutiny took place on January 20,1872 led by
Sergeant La Madrid.
3.GOMBURZA Execution February 17, 1872
4.The arrest of is mother
5.Rizal took and passed the entrance test in Letran
6.Rizal matriculated in Ateneo on June 10, 1872.
Rizal and the Cavite Mutiny of 1872
Rizal and the Cavite Mutiny of 1872
• The Execution of the Triumvirate Priests (GomBurZa)
• The Cavite Mutiny is best described by the execution of the
three priests- Mariano Gomez, Jose Burgos and Jacinto
Zamora.
• They were responsible for the “Filipinization of parishes” or
simply called, Secularization.
• The execution of the 3 priests on February 17, 1872 became
the catalyst for the Filipinos to raise arms.
• Rizal was 11 years old that time and was one of the
“eyewitnesses” of the execution of the 3 priests by “garrote”
in Luneta.
Injustices to Rizal’s Mother
• Another challenge for Rizal was when his mother, Donya Teodora
together with Senyor Alberto, were accused by the latter’s wife of
connivance to poison her.
• As a result of the “hearsay” (information received from other people)
from Senyor Alberto’s wife, Donya Teodora was arrested.
• Though the mayor forced her to admit her guilt, she did not do so and
so she was imprisoned for almost 2 years.
• After reaching the Real Audiencia (the Spanish Supreme Court), the
ease was dismissed so Donya Teodora was released from prison.
• Unfortunately, the Rizal family were deeply hurt and the damage done
was very hard to accept.
Rizal and his “Disillusionment”
• The events of 1872 where the triumvirate martyrs were
executed in Luneta by “garrote” have opened the eyes of many
leading to a “political turmoil”.
• Rizal was 11 years of age when he saw the clamor of his
countrymen for justice and truth from the evil Castillan Empire.
The events that took place as stated- the death of GomBurZa,
the persecution of his mother and the injustices committed by
the friars in Kalamba’s tenancy were the trigger points of young
Jose to fight the Spaniards up to his last breath which ended at
the Luneta execution.
His Formal Schooling at Ateneo Municipal (High
School / Preparatory College)
Four months after the execution of the three martyr priest, and
Donya Teodora still in prison, Rizal was being sent off to Manila to
further pursue his study under the supervision of the Spanish Jesuits,
Ateneo de Manila.
His Formal Schooling at Ateneo Municipal (High
School / Preparatory College)
• His formal schooling begun on June 10, 1872 when he passed the
entrance exams in Colegio de San Juan de Letran. Though he passed
with flying colors, his family already decided to send him to the
Ateneo Municipal (formerly Escuela Pia- a charity school for boys) for
the obvious reason of avoiding a confrontation of young Jose with
the Dominicans who were much hated because of their land lease
policies as well as the tragic incident where Donya Teodora was
accused of a crime that she never committed. When Rizal was in
Ateneo, he was very much interested in reading and some of his
readings inspired Rizal to write his first novel, Noli Me Tangere.
Atenean Education
• Owned by the Jesuit Orders (Progressive Priests)
• Aside from Academics, Interest in Arts: Painting, Sculpture, Poetry,
Literature
• Father Francisco de Paula Sanchez – Literature and Arts
• Father Jose Villaclara – Sciences and Philosophy
• Agustin Saez, sculpture
• After a couple of months, Rizal showed that he excelled in
philosophy, arts and sciences which was the “core curriculum” of
Ateneo at that time.
Rizal became “Sobresaliente”
Rizal became “Sobresaliente”
• Rizal was successful in gaining excellent ratings in
Ateneo. He won several awards aside from
“sobresaliente”. Moreover, aside from the academics,
young Jose wrote his masterpieces. Among them was
the poem Un Recuerdo a Mi Pueblo (In Memory of
my Town)
RIZAL’S STUDIES AT THE UNIVERSITY OF
STO. TOMAS (1877-1882)
• After his graduation in Ateneo, his father wanted him
to pursue higher education believing that great future
that awaited his son whose intelligence was among
the best during his time.
• He took up a vocational course leading to the title of
“peito agrimensor” {expert surveyor}with the grade
of “Excellent” but was not given the title as he was
only 17 years old then.
RIZAL’S STUDIES AT THE UNIVERSITY OF
STO. TOMAS (1877-1882)
• Jose Rizal took up Bachelor of Arts in Philosophy but
shifted to Medicine.
• He finally decided to take up medicine with the
intention and desire to cure Doña Teodora’s failing
eyesight.
• He formed a Fratenity: Indios Bravos.
• He was an Average Student.
RIZAL’S STUDIES AT THE UNIVERSITY OF
STO. TOMAS (1877-1882)
• Unfortunately, Rizal was not happy at UST and this reflected on his grades.
There were three main factors that contributed to his unhappiness at the
university, namely:
• Filipino students suffered discrimination.
• The method of instruction at UST was obsolete and repressive.
• Likewise, there were three main reasons for his struggling academic
performance.
• Rizal was not satisfied with the system of education at the university.
• There were plenty of things to distract a young man in the peak of his youth.
• Medicine was not Rizal's true vocation.
• He would later find out that his real calling was in the arts, not in medicine.
 TRASFER ABROAD UNIVERSIDAD
CENTRAL DE MADRID
• On September 28, 1883, Rizal enrolled at the Central
Universidad de Madrid of the second course in
medicine.
• Enrolled in BS Medicine and AB Philosophy
• Experienced Liberal Education
• Philosophy of Age of Englightenment:
• “Think in Order to Believe”
• Both finished Medicine and Philosophy with highest
grade.
UNIVERSITY OF HEIDELBERG, GERMANY

•SPECIALIZATION
• Opthalmology – Eye Specialist
• Dr. Otto Becker – teacher / training -helped make this
department one of the best in Germany. He wrote a
text on the anatomy of the normal and diseased lens
and collected more than 1800 pathologic
specimens.4 Rizal spent the next 6 months working
as assistant to Becker
UNIVERSITY OF PARIS

•SPECIALIZATION
• Intern under Dr. Otto Wecker- Rizal served as
assistant at de Wecker's clinic from November 1885 to
February 1886-Rizal was highly impressed by de
Wecker's surgical skills and felt his surgical training was
progressing well.
 Was Jose Rizal really a Doctor?
• He never submitted his doctoral thesis.
• Although Rizal completed a thesis for his
doctorate in medicine, he did not
technically receive this degree, since he
did not appear to read his thesis aloud as
required by the Central University of
Madrid. At the time Rizal completed the
thesis, he was already studying
ophthalmology in Germany.
• He never took the licensure
examination.
• But finished all his Academic Classes