ASSIGNMENT QUESTIONS SET – 1

CHAPTER – 5
THE FUNDAMENTAL UNIT OF LIFE
1. Define Cell
2. What will happen to a cell if its nucleus is removed?
3. Who proposed the Cell theory ?
4. What is Nucleoid ?
5. Fill in the blanks:-
(a) New cells are formed from ______________.
(b) Movement of water molecules from their higher concentration to their lower
concentration through a semi- permeable membrane is called ______________.
(c) The functional components of cell are ______________, ______________&
______________.
(d) Protoplasm has two parts- ______________ & ______________.
(e) Nucleus, mitochondria & plastids have their own ___________ & ____________.
(f) The shrinkage or contraction of the contents of the cell away from the cell wall is
known as ______________.
(g) The process by which Amoeba can engulf a food particle is ______________.
(h) ______________ is the manufacture of lipids required for making cell membrane.
(i) A cell that lacks nuclear membrane is called a prokaryotic cell & the nuclear region is
called ______________.
(j) Movement of materials in & out of the cell takes place by ______________ &
______________.
6. Identifiy and name the following cell structures:
a) The undefined nuclear region of Prokaryotic cell.
b) Site of energy release inside the cell.
7. Name the kind of plastid which is important for photosynthesis in leaves of the plants.
8. Name the two components of chromosomes.
9. When does the chromatin network separate out to form chromosomes?
10. Name the cell organelle that detoxifies poisons and drugs.
11. Name the cell organelle that is associated with protein synthesis.
12. Name a cell which changes its shape.
13. Name the functional unit of DNA that carries genetic informations.
14. Expand the word DNA.
15. State the primary functions of plasma membrane.

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16. Name a cell that lacks cell wall
17. Name the main constituent substance present in plant cell wall.
18. Name the cell which is responsible for intracellular transport.
19. Name the Reticulum which has ribosome’s attached to it .
20. Name a cell that does not have a nucleus, what are they called?
21. The largest cell in the human body is -
(a) Nerve cell (b) Muscle cell
(c) Liver cell (d) Kidney cell
22. The barrier between the protoplasm and the other environment in an animal cells -
(a) Cell wall (b) Nuclear membrane
(c) Tonoplast (d) Plasma membrane
23. The term ‘Cell’ was given by -
(a) Leeuwenhoek (b) Robert hooke
(c) Flemming (d) Robert Brown
24. Who proposed the cell theory? -
(a) Schleiden and Schwann (b) Watson and Crick
(c) Darwin and Wallace (d) Mendel and Morgan
25. A plant cell differs from an animal cell in the absence of -
(a) Endoplasmic Reticulum (b) Mitochondria
(c) Ribosome (d) Centrioles
26. Centrosome is found in -
(a) Cytoplasm (b) Nucleus
(c) Chromosomes (d) Nucleolus
27. The power house of a cell is -
(a) Chloroplast (b) Mitochondrion
(c) Golgi apparatus (d) Nucleolus
28. Within a cell the site of respiration (oxidation) is the -
(a) Ribosome (b) Golgi apparatus
(c) Mitochondrion (d) Endoplasmic Reticulum
29. Which is called ‘Suicidal Bag’?
(a) Centrosome (b) Lysosome
(c) Mesosome (d) Chromosome
30. Ribosomes are the center for -
(a) Respiration (b) Photosynthesis
(c) Protein synthesis (d) Fat synthesis

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31. Double membrane is absent in -
(a) Mitochondrion (b) Chloroplast
(c) Nucleus (d) Lysosome
32. Cell organelle found only in Plant is -
(a) Golgi apparatus (b) Mitochondria
(c) Plastids (d) Ribosomes
33. Organisms lacking nucleus and membrane bound organelle are -
(a) Diploids (b) Prokaryotes
(c) Haploids (d) Eukaryotes
34. Animal cell is limited by -
(a) Plasma membrane (b) Shell membrane
(c) Cell wall (d) Basement membrane
35. The network of Endoplasmic Reticulum is present in the -
(a) Nucleus (b) Nucleolus
(c) Cytoplasm (d) Chromosomes
36. Lysosome are reservoirs of -
(a) Fat (b) RNA
(c) Secretary Glycoprotein (d) Hydrolytic Enzymes
37. The membrane surrounding the vacuole of a plant cell is called -
(a) Tonoplast (b) Plasma membrane
(c) Nuclear membrane (d) Cell wall
38. Cell secretion is done by -
(a) Plastids (b) ER
(c) Golgi apparatus (d) Nucleolus
39. Centrioles are associated with -
(a) DNA synthesis (b) Reproduction
(c) Spindle formation (d) Respiration
40. Main difference between animal cell and plant cell is -
(a) Chromosome (b) Ribosome
(c) Lysosome (d) Endoplasmic Reticulum
41. Animal cell lacking nuclei would also lack in -
(a) Chromosome (b) Ribosome
(c) Lysosome (d) Endoplasmic Reticulum
42. Plasmolysis occurs due to -
(a) Absorption (b) Endosmosis

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 (c)Osmosis (d)Exosmosis
43. A plant cell becomes turgid due to -
(a) Plasmolysis (b) Exosmosis
(c) Endosmosis (d) Electrolysis
44. Solute concentration is higher in the external solution -
(a) Hypotonic (b) Isotonic
(c) Hypertonic (d) None of the above
45. A cell placed in hypertonic solution will -
(a) Shrink (b) Show Plasmolysis
(c) Swell up (d) No change in shape or size
46. The radiant energy of sunlight is converted to chemical energy and is stored as -
(a) AMP (b) ADP
(c)ATP (d) APP
47. Which of the following organelle does not have membrane?
(a) Ribosome (b) Nucleus
(c) Chloroplast (d) Mitochondria
48. Root hair absorbs water from soil through -
(a) Osmosis (b) Active transport
(c) Diffusion (d) Endocytosis
49. The number of lenses in compound light microscope is -
(a) 2 (b)3 (c) 4 (d)1
50. The history of the cell began in 1665 with the publication of Micrographia in London by -
(a) Robert Hooke (b) Robert Brown
(c) Strasburger (d)Dujardin
51. Cell inclusions are -
(a) Non-living materials present in the cytoplasm
(b) Another name of cell organelle
(c) Cytoskeletal framework of cell
(d) Combined name for cell wall and plasma membrane
52. Which cell organelle is not bounded by a membrane -
(a) Ribosome (b) Lysosome
(c)ER (d)Nucleus
53. Which of the following cellular part possess a double membrane?
(a) Nucleus (b) Chloroplast
(c)Mitochondrion (d)All of the above

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54. Cristae and Oxysomes are associated with -
(a) Mitochondria (b) Plastids
(c) Golgi apparatus (d)Plasma membrane
55. Karyotheca is another name of -
(a) Nuclear envelope (b) Nucleus
(c)Nuclear pores (d)Nucleolus
56. Cell organelle that acts as supporting skeletal framework of the cell is -
(a) Golgi apparatus (b) Nucleus
(c) Mitochondria (d) ER
57. Plastids are present in -
(a) Animal cell only
(b) Plant cells only
(c) Both animal cells and Plant cells
(d) Neither animal nor plant cell
58. Cell wall of plant is chiefly composed of -
(a) Hemicellulose (b) Cellulose
(c) Phospholipids (d)Proteins
59. Intercellular connections of plant cells are called -
(a) Middle lamella (b) Micro fibrils
(c) Matrix (d) Plasmodesmata
60. Genes are located on the -
(a) Chromosomes (b) Nucleolus
(c) Nuclear membrane (d)Plasma membrane
61. Chromatin consists of -
(a) RNA (b) DNA
(c) RNA and histones (proteins) (d)DNA and histones (proteins)
62. Different types of chromosomes can be recognized by the positions of the following
separating the two arms -
(a) Centromere (b) Genes
(c) Spindle (d)Nucleus
63. Name of the process that requires energy provided by ATP -
(a)Diffusion (b) Osmosis
(c) Active transport (d)Plasmolysis
64. What is the advantage of multicellularity over unicellularity?
65. What are the chromosomes made up of?

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66. A cell placed in a solution swells up. What kind of solution is it? Why does it happen?
67. Why are lysosomes known as “suicidal bags”?
68. Why is the nucleus so significant in a cell?
69. Differentiate between plant and animal cells.
70. Give the major functions of the following cell organelles-
71. Why is the cell known the 'fundamental and structural unit of life '
72. What is a semi permeable membrane? what are the differences between semi permeable
membrane and selectively permeable membrane?
73. Which cell in the human body does not have the mitochondria?
74. What are plastids? Write their functions?
75. Which structure of animal cells forms the asters of spindle ?
76. Name two semi- autonomous organelles?
77. Which cell organelle is rich in acid hydrolases?
78. Which cell organelles are called ribonucleoprotine particle?
79. Differentiate between SER and RER
80. What is the difference between eukaryotes and prokaryotes?
81. What is the difference between osmosis and diffusion.
82. Where are peroxisomes found ?
83. What are the chemical reactions take place in cytoplasm, nucleoplasm, and in
mitochondria?
84. What is Diffusion?
85. What is dictyosomes ?
86. What would happen if an animal cell is kept in distilled water for 24 hours.
87. Give 5 examples of single celled organisms.
88. What are multicellular organisms ? Give an example.
89. Which cell organelle is commonly referred as the suicidal bags of the cell.
90. Name the process through which an amoeba acquires its food from the external
surroundings.
91. State the functions of chromosome in a cell.
92. What is Biogenisis?
93. Who discovered Golgi Apparatus?
94. Name the cell organelle which is involved in the formation of lysosomes.
95. What is Endosmosis?

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 ASSIGNMENT QUESTIONS SET – 2
CHAPTER – 5
THE FUNDAMENTAL UNIT OF LIFE

1. Who expanded cell theory by suggesting that all cells arise from pre-existing cells?
2. In which year electron microscope was invented?
3. Name the book in which Robert Hooke published his observations about cork cells.
4. Who discovered nucleus in the cell?
5. Name the two postulates of the cell theory.
6. Who coined the term 'protoplasm'?
7. Name the largest cell?
8. Name the world's smallest cell.
9. Name the smallest cell in human body.
10. Name the biggest cell in human body.
11. Name the longest cell in human body.
12. Name the cell in human body which cannot reproduce.
13. Give an example of anucleate cell i.e. cell without nucleus.
14. Give an example of cells containing two nuclei (Binucleate).
15. Give examples of cells which are muti-nucleate (i.e. having many nuclei).
16. What is the plasma membrane composed of?
17. Who proposed fluid-mosaic model of cell or plasma membrane?
18. Is plasma membrane permeable or selectively permeable?
19. What are different types transport of components across cell membrane?
20. Define Passive Transport.
21. What is diffusion?
22. Define Osmosis. What are different types of osmosis? Give examples of osmosis.
23. What is plasmolysis?
24. What would happen if the plasma membrane ruptures or breaks down?
25. What do you mean by Endocytosis? How does an Amoeba obtain its food?
26. Define Exocytosis.
27. Why are lysosomes known as suicide bags?
28. What happens to a cell (plant cell or animal cell) when placed in the following solutions:
(a) Hypotonic solution
(b) Isotonic solution
(c) Hypertonic solution

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29. Place a de-shelled egg in water for five minutes. What do you observe? (Note: De-shelled
egg means,the shell of an egg is removed by dissolving it in dilute hydrochloric acid. The
shell is mostly calcium carbonate. A thin outer skin now encloses the egg.)
What will happen if a de-shelled egg in a concentrated salt solution for 5 minutes?
30. Put dried raisins in plain water and leave them for some time. Then place them in
concentrated solution of sugar or salt. What do you observe in both cases?
31. Viruses are
(a) Uni cellular micro-organisms
(b) Bi-Cellular micro-organisms
(c) Multi-cellular micro-organisms
(d) Non-cellular micro-organisms
32. Who is known as Father of Biology?
33. Who discovered Golgi apparatus?
34. Which cell organelle is known as "protein factory"?
35. What is the energy currency of the cell called?
36. When chromosomes are visible in the nucleus?
37. Which of the following is NOT involved in the synthesis of proteins?
(a) rough ER
(b) smooth ER
(c) Golgi body
(d) ribosomes
38. Are plastids present in all cells? What are its types?
39. Name the sac like structure which form the grana?
40. What are the conditions for osmosis?
41. Will the temperature have any effect on the process of the osmosis?
42. What is osmoregulation?
43. Which organ of the plant body helps in osmoregulation?
44. Which organelle of the cell in animals helps in osmregulation?
45. What are centrosomes? What functions do they perform?
46. Who is known as 'Father of Microscopy'?
47. Are Viruses Prokaryotic or Eukaryotic?
48. Which of the following often distinguishes plant cells from animal cells?
(a) centrioles
(b) nucleus
(c) chromatin

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 (d) rough ER
49. Which cell organelle is called "kitchen of plant"?
50. Which cell organelle is called 'control center'?
51. Which cell organelle is called 'transport system'?
52. What is Endoplasmic Reticulum(ER)? Name its types?
53. What are the functions of Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)?
54. What are the components nucleus?
55. What is the function of nucleoplasm?
56. How chromatic network is related to chromosomes?
57. What are chromosomes?
58. What is the full form of DNA and RNA?
59. Who discovered Virus?
60. What are the function of nucleus?
61. Why can't single cells grow very large? Or Big organisms like human beings are multi-
cellular? Why can't such big organisms be a single large cell?
62. Why do vegetable vendors (subzi-walla) regularly sprinkle water on the vegetables in their
baskets?
63. Why do we stain cells while observing under microscope? List commonly used stains.
64. Are there any exceptions to cell theory proposed by Schleiden & Schwann and Virchow?
If yes, what are those?
65. What is the thickness of cell membrane?
66. Why is mitochondria absent in red blood cells?
67. Name the cell organelles which their own DNA and Ribosomes.
68. What is cytoskeleton?
69. Name the cell organelles involved in synthesis, packaging and movement of protein (or
other macromolecules) inside a cell.
70. Which of the following is an example of a single cell that does not function as a full
fledged organism?
(a) White blood cells (WBC)
(b) Amoeba
(c) WBC and Amoeba
(d) Paramecium

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 ASSIGNMENT QUESTIONS SET – 3
CHAPTER – 5
THE FUNDAMENTAL UNIT OF LIFE

1. Which of the following can be made into crystal?

(a) A Bacterium
(b) An Amoeba
(c) A Virus
(d) A Sperm
2. A cell will swell up if
(a) The concentration of water molecules in the cell is higher than the concentration of
water molecules in surrounding medium
(b) The concentration of water molecules in surrounding medium is higher than water
molecules concentration in the cell
(c) The concentration of water molecules is same in the cell and in the surrounding medium
(d) Concentration of water molecules does not matter
3. Chromosomes are made up of
(a) DNA (b) protein
(c) DNA and protein (d) RNA
4. Which of these options are not a function of Ribosomes?
(i) It helps in manufacture of protein molecules
(ii) It helps in manufacture of enzymes
(iii) It helps in manufacture of hormones
(iv) It helps in manufacture of starch molecules
(a) (i) and (ii)
(b) (ii) and (iii)
(c) (iii) and (iv)
(d) (iv) and (i)
5. Which of these is not related to endoplasmic reticulum?
(a) It behaves as transport channel for proteins between nucleus and cytoplasm
(b) It transports materials between various regions in cytoplasm
(c) It can be the site of energy generation
(d) It can be the site for some biochemical activities of the cell

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6. Following are a few definitions of osmosis. Read carefully and select the correct definition
(a) Movement of water molecules from a region of higher concentration to a region of
lower concentration through a semipermeable membrane
(b) Movement of solvent molecules from its higher concentration to lower concentration
(c) Movement of solvent molecules from higher concentration to lower concentration of
solution through a permeable membrane
(d) Movement of solute molecules from lower concentration to higher concentration of
solution through a semipermeable membrane
7. Plasmolysis in a plant cell is defined as
(a) break down (lysis ) of plasma membrane in hypotonic medium
(b) shrinkage of cytoplasm in hypertonic medium
(c) shrinkage of nucleoplasm
(d) none of them
8. Which of the following are covered by a single membrane?
(a) Mitochondria
(b) Vacuole
(c) Lysosome
(d) Plastid
9. Find out the false sentences
(a) Golgi apparatus is involved with the formation of lysosomes
(b) Nucleus, mitochondria and plastid have DNA; hence they are able to make their own
structural proteins
(c) Mitochondria is said to be the power house of the cell as ATP is generated in them.
(d) Cytoplasm is called as protoplasm
10. Find out the correct sentence
(a) Enzymes packed in Lysosomes are made through RER (rough endoplasmic reticulum)
(b) Rough endoplasmic reticulum and smooth endoplasmic reticulum produce lipid and
protein respectively
(c) Endoplasmic reticulum is related with the destruction of plasma membrane
(d) Nucleoid is present inside the nucleoplasm of eukaryotic nucleus
11. Which cell organelle plays a crucial role in detoxifying many poisons and drugs in a cell?
(a) Golgi apparatus
(b) Lysosomes
(c) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
(d) Vacuoles

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12. The proteins and lipids, essential for building the cell membrane, are manufactured by
(a) rough endoplasmic reticulum
(b) golgi apparatus
(c) plasma membrane
(d) mitochondria
13. The undefined nuclear region of prokaryotes are also known as
(a) nucleus
(b) nucleolus
(c) nucleic acid
(d) nucleoid
14. The cell organelle involved in forming complex sugars from simple sugars are
(a) endoplasmic reticulum
(b) ribosomes
(c) plastids
(d) golgi apparatus
15. Which out of the following is not a function of vacuole?
(a) Storage
(b) Providing turgidity and rigidity to the cell
(c) Waste excretion
(d) Locomotion
16. Amoeba acquires its food through a process, termed
(a) exocytosis
(b) endocytosis
(c) plasmolysis
(d) exocytosis and endocytosis both
17. Cell wall of which one of these is not made up of cellulose?
(a) Bacteria
(b) Hydrilla
(c) Mango tree
(d) Cactus
18. Silver nitrate solution is used to study
(a) endoplasmic reticulum
(b) golgi apparatus
(c) nucleus
(d) mitochondria

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19. Organelle other than nucleus, containing DNA is
(a) endoplasmic reticulum
(b) golgi apparatus
(c) mitochondria
(d) lysosome
20. Kitchen of the cell is
(a) mitochondria
(b) endoplasmic reticulum
(c) chloroplast
(d) golgi apparatus
21. Lipid molecules in the cell are sythesized by
(a) smooth endoplasmic reticulum
(b) rough endoplasmic reticulum
(c) golgi apparatus
(d) plastids
22. Cell arises from pre-existing cell was stated by
(a) Haeckel
(b) Virchow
(c) Hooke
(d) Schleiden
23. Cell theory was given by
(a) Schleiden and Schwann
(b) Virchow
(c) Hooke
(d) Haeckel
24. The only cell organelle seen in prokaryotic cell is
(a) mitochondria
(b) ribosomes
(c) plastids
(d) lysosomes
25. Organelle without a cell membrane is
(a) ribosome
(b) golgi apparatus
(c) chloroplast
(d) nucleus

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26. 1 μm is
(a) 10–6 m
(b) 10–9 m
(c) 10–10 m
(d) 10–3m
27. Lysosome arises from
(a) endoplasmic reticulum
(b) golgi apparatus
(c) nucleus
(d) mitochondria
28. Living cells were discovered by
(a) Robert Hooke
(b) Purkinje
(c) Leeuwenhoek
(d) Robert Brown
29. Select the odd one out
(a) The movement of water across a semi permeable membrane is affected by the amount
of substances dissolved in it.
(b) Membranes are made of organic molecules like proteins and lipids
(c) Molecules soluble in organic solvents can easily pass through the membrane.
(d) Plasma membranes contain chitin sugar in plants
30. Why are lysosomes known as ‘suicide-bags’ of a cell?
31. Do you agree that “A cell is a building unit of an organism”. If yes, explain why?
32. Why does the skin of your finger shrink when you wash clothes for a long time?
33. Why is endocytosis found in animals only?
34. A person takes concentrated solution of salt, after sometime, he starts vomiting. What is the
phenomenon responsible for such situation? Explain.
35. Name any cell organelle which is non membranous.
36. We eat food composed of all the nutrients like carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins,
minerals and water. After digestion, these are absorbed in the form of glucose, aminoacids,
fatty acids, glycerol etc. What mechanisms are involved in absorption of digested food and
water?
37. If you are provided with some vegetables to cook. You generally add salt into the
vegetables during cooking process. After adding salt, vegetables release water. What
mechanism is responsible for this?

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38. If cells of onion peel and RBC are separately kept in hypotonic solution, what among the
following will take place? Explain the reason for your answer.
(a) Both the cells will swell.
(b) RBC will burst easily while cells of onion peel will resist the bursting to some extent.
(c) a and b both are correct.
(d) RBC and onion peel cells will behave similarly.
39. Bacteria do not have chloroplast but some bacteria are photoautorophic in nature and
perform photosynthesis. Which part of bacterial cell performs this?
40. Match the following A and B
(A) (B)
(a) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (i) Amoeba
(b) Lysosome (ii) Nucleus
(c) Nucleoid (iii) Bacteria
(d) Food vacuoles (iv) Detoxification
(e) Chromatin material and nucleolus (v) Suicidal bag
41. Write the name of different plant parts in which chromoplast, chloroplast and leucoplast are
present.
42. Name the organelles which show the analogy written as under
(a) Transporting channels of the cell——
(b) Power house of the cell——
(c) Packaging and dispatching unit of the cell——
(d) Digestive bag of the cell——
(e) Storage sacs of the cell——
(f) Kitchen of the cell——
(g) Control room of the cell——
43. How is a bacterial cell different from an onion peel cell?
44. How do substances like carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O) move in and out of the
cell?
45. How does amoeba obtain its food?
46. Name the two organelles in a plant cell that contain their own genetic material and
ribosomes.
47. Why are lysosomes also known as “scavengers of the cells”?
48. Which cell organelle controls most of the activities of the cell?
49. Why do plant cells possess large sized vacuole?
50. How are chromatin, chromatid and chromosomes related to each other?

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51. Which kind of plastid is more common in
(a) roots of the plant
(b) leaves of the plant
(c) flowers and fruits
52. What are the consequences of the following conditions?
(a) A cell containing higher water concentration than the surrounding medium
(b) A cell having low water concentration than the surrounding medium.
(c) A cell having equal water concentration to its surrounding medium.
53. Draw a plant cell and label the parts which
(a) determines the function and development of the cell
(b) packages materials coming from the endoplasmic reticulum
(c) provides resistance to microbes to withstand hypotonic external media without bursting
(d) is site for many biochemical reactions necessary to sustain life.
(e) is a fluid contained inside the nucleus
54. Illustrate only a plant cell as seen under electron microscope. How is it different from
animal cell?
55. Draw a neat labelled diagram of an animal cell.
56. Draw a well labelled diagram of an eukaryotic nucleus. How is it different from nucleoid?
57. Differentiate between rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum. How is endoplasmic
reticulum important for membrane biogenesis?
58. In brief state what happens when
(a) dry apricots are left for sometime in pure water and later transferred to sugar solution?
(b) a Red Blood Cell is kept in concentrated saline solution?
(c) the Plasma-membrane of a cell breaks down?
(d) rheo leaves are boiled in water first and then a drop of sugar syrup is put on it?
(e) golgi apparatus is removed from the cell?
59. Draw a neat diagram of plant cell and label any three parts which differentiate it from
animal cell.
60. Draw a neat diagram of animal cell and label any three parts which differentiate it from
plant cell.

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