Audio

Advantages[edit]
 Listening and speaking skills are emphasized and, especially the former, rigorously developed.
 The use of visual aids is effective in vocabulary teaching.
 The method is just as functional and easy to execute for larger groups.
 Correct pronunciation and structure are emphasized and acquired.
 It is a teacher-dominated method.
 The learner is in a directed role; the learner has little control over the material studied or the
method of study.
Disadvantages[edit]
 The behaviorist approach to learning is now discredited. Many scholars have proven its
weakness. [10]
 It does not pay sufficient attention to communicative competence. [citation needed]
 Only language form is considered while meaning is neglected.[citation needed]
 Equal importance is not given to all four skills.[citation needed]
 It is a teacher-dominated method.
 It is a mechanical method since it demands pattern practice, drilling, and memorization over
functional learning and organic usage.
 The learner is in a passive role; the learner has little control over their learning. [11]
References
1. Chomsky, Noam (1959). “A Review of B. F. Skinner’s Verbal Behavior”

2. ^ Diane Larsen, Freeman (2000). Techniques and Principles in Language Teaching. Oxford University
Press.
Advantages :
Development of listening and speaking power.
Correct pronunciation
Large Class could be maintained
Limited useful vocabulary
Lucrative for average students
Participation of the learners.
Disadvantages:
Equal importance is not given to all four skills at the time.
Meaning is neglected
Teacher dominated method
A mechanical method because of only pattern practice and memorization

Profitable for the hardworking learners.
Fall from popularity[edit]

In the late 1950s, the theoretical underpinnings of the method were questioned by linguists such
as Noam Chomsky, who pointed out the limitations of structural linguistics. The relevance of
behaviorist psychology to language learning was also questioned, most famously by
Chomsky's review of B.F. Skinner's Verbal Behavior in 1959. The audio-lingual method was thus
deprived of its scientific credibility and it was only a matter of time before the effectiveness of the
method itself was questioned.
In 1964, Wilga Rivers released a critique of the method in her book, The Psychologist and the
Foreign Language Teacher. Subsequent research by others, inspired by her book, produced results
which showed explicit grammatical instruction in the mother language to be more productive. [citation
needed]
These developments, coupled with the emergence of humanist pedagogy led to a rapid decline
in the popularity of audiolingualism.[citation needed]
Philip Smith's study from 1965-1969, termed the Pennsylvania Project, provided significant proof that
audio-lingual methods were less effective than a more traditional cognitive approach involving the
learner's first language.[5]
1. James L. Barker lecture Archived January 12, 2009, at the Wayback Machine on November 8, 2001
at Brigham Young University, given by Wilfried Decoo.
Oral drills[edit]
Drills and pattern practice are typical (Richards, J.C. et al., 1986):
 Repetition: the student repeats an utterance as soon as he hears it.

 Inflection: one word in a sentence appears in another form when repeated.
 Replacement: one word is replaced by another.
 Restatement: the student rephrases an utterance.
Examples[edit]
Inflection: Teacher: I ate the sandwich. Student: I ate the sandwiches.
Replacement: Teacher: He bought the car for half-price. Student: He bought it for half-price.
Restatement: Teacher: Tell me not to smoke so often. Student: Don't smoke so often!
The following example illustrates how more than one sort of drill can be incorporated into one
practice session:
“Teacher: There's a cup on the table ... repeat
Students: There's a cup on the table
Teacher: Spoon
Students: There's a spoon on the table
Teacher: Book
Students: There's a book on the table
Teacher: On the chair
Students: There's a book on the chair
etc.”[4]
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Advantages[edit]

1. Chomsky, Noam (1959). “A Review of B. F. Skinner’s Verbal Behavior”

Development of listening and speaking power.

Large Class could be maintained

Limited useful vocabulary

Lucrative for average students

Participation of the learners.

Equal importance is not given to all four skills at the time.

Teacher dominated method

A mechanical method because of only pattern practice and memorization

Fall from popularity[edit]

 Repetition: the student repeats an utterance as soon as he hears it.

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