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    Roxon 1977

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    This article examines the sexuality of the edible mushroom Pleurotus sajor-caju. Through establishing single basidiospore isolates and mating tests, the authors determined that P. sajor-caju is heterothallic and tetrapolar, with isolates belonging to four distinct mating types. The results suggest this mushroom may be suitable for commercial cultivation.

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    Roxon 1977

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    This article examines the sexuality of the edible mushroom Pleurotus sajor-caju. Through establishing single basidiospore isolates and mating tests, the authors determined that P. sajor-caju is heterothallic and tetrapolar, with isolates belonging to four distinct mating types. The results suggest this mushroom may be suitable for commercial cultivation.

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    This article examines the sexuality of the edible mushroom Pleurotus sajor-caju. Through establishing single basidiospore isolates and mating tests, the authors determined that P. sajor-caju is heterothallic and tetrapolar, with isolates belonging to four distinct mating types. The results suggest this mushroom may be suitable for commercial cultivation.

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    Roxon 1977

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    This article examines the sexuality of the edible mushroom Pleurotus sajor-caju. Through establishing single basidiospore isolates and mating tests, the authors determined that P. sajor-caju is heterothallic and tetrapolar, with isolates belonging to four distinct mating types. The results suggest this mushroom may be suitable for commercial cultivation.

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    Mycological Society of America

    Sexuality of an Edible Mushroom, Pleurotus sajor-caju


    Author(s): J. E. Roxon and S. C. Jong
    Source: Mycologia, Vol. 69, No. 1 (Jan. - Feb., 1977), pp. 203-205
    Published by: Mycological Society of America
    Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/3758635
    Accessed: 17-02-2016 15:26 UTC

    REFERENCES
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    BRIEF ARTICLES 203

    LITERATURE CITED

    1. Brodie, Harold J. 1948. Variationin the fruitbodiesof Cyathusstercorcus


    producedin culture. Mycologia40: 614-626.
    2. -. 1958. Renewal of growthand occurrenceof twin fruitbodies in the
    Nidulariaceae. Svensk Bot. Tidskr.52: 373-378.
    3. -. 1975. The Bird's Nest Fungi. Univ.of TorontoPress,Toronto. 199 p.

    SEXUALITY OF AN EDIBLE MUSHROOM,


    PLEUROTUS SAJOR-CAJU

    J. E. ROXONAND S. C. JONG
    AmericanType CultureCollection,
    MycologyDepartment,
    12301 ParklawnDrive, Rockville,Maryland20852

    Pleurotus sajor-caju (Fr.) Singer is an edible mushroomthat has


    been recommended by Singer (6) to be a possibleadditionalcultivated
    mushroomin the tropics. It occursnaturallyon wood and has recently
    been inducedto fruitin India in thegreenhouseon such farmwastes as
    mixturesofpaddystraw,and hulledmaize cobs (5), and bananapseudo-
    stems,chopped paddy straw and oatmeal (1). The sporophoresap-
    peared 20-25 da afterinoculationof the bed and were reportedto be
    proteinrichand tasty. Each fruit-body weighed30-120 g when fresh,
    could be dried easily,and revivedafterremoistening.The funguswas
    also reportedto be capable of fixingatmosphericnitrogento enrichthe
    substratethatcould be used as manureforcrop fields(5).
    In additionto Pleurotus ostreatus (Fr.) Kummer,Pleurotus cy-
    stidiosus 0. K. Miller has recentlybeen broughtinto cultivationon a
    commercialscale in Taiwan (2). With a similarmethodof cultivation,
    Pleurotus sajor-caju probably could be introducedfor commercial
    production. Productivitytests (FIG. 1) are underwayat the Taiwan
    AgriculturalResearch Institute,Taipei, using the mediumand methods
    previouslydescribedfor the cultivationof P. cystidiosus(2). Since
    bothP. ostreatusand P. cystidiosusare knownto be heterothallic and
    tetrapolar(3, 7), it is of particularinterestto determinewhether
    P. sajor-caju also shows the same typeof sexuality.
    The cultureof Pleurotussajor-caju used in this studywas deposited
    at the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) in 1975 by G.
    Rangaswami,Tamil Nadu AgriculturalUniversity,Coimbatore,India.

    This content downloaded from 132.174.255.116 on Wed, 17 Feb 2016 15:26:23 UTC
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    204 MYCOLOGIA,VOL. 69, 1977

    FIG. 1. Pleurotussajor-caju,ATCC 32078. Fruitingon


    ofricestrawandhardwood
    mixture sawdust.

    It was originallyisolatedby C. L. Jandaickby thetissueculturemethod


    froma freshsporophoreon a dead stumpof EuphorbiaroyleanaBoiss.
    in India (1). The culturehas been accessionedas ATCC 32078 and
    preservedat the ATCC in liquid nitrogen.
    The mediumfortheproductionof sporophoresin the laboratorywas
    a mixtureof equal parts of "Isodri" animal beddingand "Mahatma"
    brownrice dispensedinto 100 x 80 mm jars to a level of 4 cm. Dis-
    tilledwaterwas added to the same level and the jars were autoclaved
    at 121 C for 20 min. After24 h more distilledwater was added if
    necessaryto moistenthe rice, the materialwas reautoclavedand while
    the mediumwas stillhot. 20 ml of sterilerice polish agar (rice polish,
    10 ml: deionized water. 500 ml; 10 g agar) were poured over the
    mixture. The jars were inoculatedwith mycelialplugs from stock
    grown on yeast-maltagar slants and incubatedat room temperature
    underconditionsof daylightand dark. Myceliumcompletely permeated
    the mediumand fruitingbodies formedin about one mon.
    Twenty-eight singlebasidiosporeisolateswere establishedfromone
    sporophore. Of these, 24 were used in this study. Haploid strains
    1 thru 5 were mated in all combinationson 1.25% malt extractagar
    plates. Strains 4 and 5 were compatiblewith strain2, providingtwo

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    BRIEF ARTICLES 205

    testerstrainswhichwere matedwiththeother19 isolates. Two isolates


    were compatiblewith strain5 and fivewith strain2. Strains 7 and
    14 whichhad formed"barrage" reactionswith strain 5 were used as
    testersfor the thirdmatingtypeand were compatiblewith 5 isolates,
    one of which,strain16, was used as a testerstrainbelongingto a fourth
    matingtype. Clamp connectionswere formedin plates of compatible
    matings. In some cases pseudo-clampsand "barrage" areas were
    formedin common-Bpairings. Using thesecriteria,each monosporous
    isolate was assigned to a matingtype accordingto the terminology of
    Papazian (4). The monosporous strainswere determined to belong
    to the followingfourmatingtypes:
    A1B1-2, 10, 28
    A2B2-4, 5, 6, 9, 15, 20, 21
    A1B2-1, 3, 7, 8, 13, 14, 18, 22, 27
    A2B1-11, 16, 23, 24, 25
    Pleurotussajor-caju is clearlyheterothallic and tetrapolar.
    Differencesbetweenratesof growthand vigorof thevarioushaploid
    strainswere evident,and the possibilityof developinghighlyfruitful
    productionof sporophoresis prom-
    strainsof P. sajor-caju forefficient
    ising
    We are gratefulto Dr. G. Rangaswamiforprovidingthe dikaryotic
    strainATCC 32078. This work was supportedin part by National
    Science Foundation Grant DEB75-06286 A01 from the Biological
    ResearchResourcesProgram.

    LITERATURE CITED

    1. Jandaick, C. L. 1974. Artificial cultivation of Pleurotus sajor-caju. Mush-


    room J. 22: 405.
    of a new com-
    2. Jong,S. C., and J. T. Peng. 1975. Identityand cultivation
    mercialmushroomin Taiwan. Mycologia67: 1235-1238.
    3. Kaufert,F. 1935. The biologyof PleurotuscorticatusFries. Untiv.Miine-
    sota Expt. Sta. Bull. 114: 1-35.
    4. Papazian, H. P. 1950. Physiology of the incompatibilityfactors in Schizo-
    phyllumcommlune.Bot. Gaz. (Crazfordsville) 112: 143-163.
    5. Rangaswami, F., T. K. Kandaswami, and K. Ramasamy. 1975. Pleurotus
    sajor-caju (Fr.) Singer,a proteinrich nitrogenfixingmushroomfungus.
    Curr. Sci. 44: 403-404.
    6. Singer, R. 1961. Mushrooms and truffles. Interscience Publishers, Inc.,
    New York. 272 p.
    7. Vandendries, R. 1933. De la valeur du barrage sexual comme criterium
    dans l'analyse d'une sporee tetrapolaire de Basidiomycete: Pleurotus
    ostreatus. Genetica 15: 202-212.

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