Unlocking Victory: Your Ultimate Guide For PMS & All One Paper Exams by Mocc

Unlocking Victory: Your Ultimate
Guide for PMS & All One Paper Exams

by MOCC
By: Prof. Rana Mubashar Raza

MOCC-Online Competitive Exams Academy
For FPSC, PPSC, SPSC, KPPSC, BPSC, AJKPSC
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Unlocking Victory: Your Ultimate Guide for PMS & All One Paper Exams by MOCC
Table of Contents
Geography & Physiography
1. Universe
2. The Earth
3. Atmosphere
4. Physical & World Geography
5. Geographical Locations
6. Geographical Terms
7. Seven Continents
8. Notable Plateaus
9. Mountain Passes
10. Borders & Lines
11. Borders of Pakistan
12. Notable Plains
13. Deserts
14. Landlocked Countries
15. Notable Mountains
16. Notable Earthquakes
17. Old and New Names of Places
18. Distinctive Names
19. World's Famous Cities & Places
20. Oceans
21. Notable Seas
22. Notable Islands
23. Notable Gulfs
24. Notable Bays
25. Notable Straits & Canals
26. Notable Seaports
27. Notable Rivers
28. Notable Canals
29. Notable Dams
30. Disputed Dams between Pakistan & India
31. Disputed Territories
32. Notable Waterfalls
33. Notable Glaciers
34. Notable Lakes
35. Notable Volcanoes
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Countries (Capital, Currency, Area) Important Information

1. Currency
2. Capitals
3. Languages
4. USA at a Glance
5. Britain
6. India
7. Notable Doctrines
8. Independence Days
9. Notable Airlines
10. Notable Airports
11. National Animals
12. National Birds
13. National Flags
14. National Emblems
15. National Flowers
16. National Fruits
17. Parliaments
18. National Poets
19. National Trees
20. News Agencies
21. Notable Newspapers
22. TV Channels
23. Secret Agencies
24. Notable Residencies
25. Annual Days
26. Notable Streets
27. Highest Military Awards
28. Notable Pacts / Treaties
Islamic World
1. Notable Movements
2. Women Empowerment
3. Notable Terrorist Organizations
4. Notable Wars
5. Notable Revolutions
6. United Nations
7. The Most Important

8. General Information
9. What & Where
10. Wonders and Places
11. Notable Libraries
12. Notable Companies
13. Notable Universities / Colleges
14. Major Producers
15. Major Imports / Exports
16. Nuclear Race
17. Terms
18. Population
19. Languages
20. Notable Paintings / Painters
21. Renowned Poets
22. Nobel Prizes
23. Oscars
24. Important Books
25. Important Quotations
26. Notable Titles
27. Religions of the World
28. Glimpses into History
29. Notable Archaeological Sites
30. Dynasties and Empires
31. Kashmir
32. Sufi Saints
33. Important Personalities
34. Nationalities of Personalities
35. Famous Peoples & their Professions
Sports
1) 2018 Winter Olympics medal table
2) Football
3) Lawn Tennis
4) Cricket / Hockey
Miscellaneous
1) Muhammad Ali
2) Edhi
3) European Union & Britain

4) The Rohingya Issue

5) Fathers & Founders
6) Notable Roman Numerals
7) Notable Burial Places
8) Belt and Road Initiative
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Let me know if you need further adjustments or if you're ready for the next installment of data!

Topic: Universe
1. Question: What is the biggest planet in our solar system?

Answer: Jupiter is the biggest planet in our solar system.
Explanation: Jupiter's immense size makes it the largest planet, with a diameter approximately 11
times that of Earth.
2. Question: Which planet is the hottest in our solar system?

Answer: Venus is the hottest planet in our solar system.
Explanation: Despite not being the closest to the Sun, Venus experiences extreme heat due to its thick
atmosphere trapping heat from the Sun.
3. Question: What is a supernova?

Answer: A supernova is when a star explodes.
Explanation: During a supernova, a star undergoes a catastrophic explosion, releasing an immense
amount of energy and sometimes leaving behind a dense remnant such as a neutron star or black hole.
4. Question: What is the shape of our Milky Way galaxy?

Answer: The shape of our Milky Way galaxy is Spiral.
Explanation: The Milky Way is a spiral galaxy, characterized by its spiral arms extending from a central
bulge.
5. Question: Which planet is the smallest in our solar system?

Answer: The smallest planet is Mercury.
Explanation: Despite its small size, Mercury is dense and rocky, with a diameter just slightly larger
than Earth's Moon.
6. Question: Which planet is the coldest in our solar system?

Answer: The coldest planet of the solar system is Neptune.
Explanation: Neptune, located far from the Sun, experiences frigid temperatures, with its atmosphere
composed mainly of hydrogen, helium, and methane.

7. Question: How many planets and dwarf planets are recognized by the International
Astronomical Union?
Answer: According to the International Astronomical Union, there are eight planets and five dwarf
planets in our Solar System.
Explanation: The IAU defines planets as celestial bodies that orbit the Sun, are spherical due to
gravity, and have cleared their orbits of other debris. Dwarf planets meet some but not all of these criteria.
8. Question: Why is the Moon called a satellite of the Earth?

Answer: Moon is called a satellite of the Earth because it revolves around the Earth.
Explanation: The Moon orbits around the Earth, acting as a natural satellite, with its gravitational
interaction causing phenomena like tides on Earth.
9. Question: What revolves around the Sun?

Answer: Comets revolve around the Sun.
Explanation: Comets are icy bodies that orbit the Sun, often with highly elliptical orbits that bring
them close to the Sun's vicinity.
10. Question: How much larger is Jupiter compared to Earth?

Answer: Jupiter is larger than the Earth by about 11 times.
Explanation: Jupiter's immense size makes it the largest planet in our solar system, with a diameter
approximately 11 times that of Earth.
11. Question: Which planet is the fastest in its orbit around the Sun?
Answer: The fastest planet is Mercury.
Explanation: Mercury, being the closest planet to the Sun, travels at the highest speed in its orbit,
completing one orbit around the Sun in about 88 Earth days.
12. Question: In what direction does Venus orbit around the Sun?
Answer: Venus orbits around the Sun in the backward direction from east to west.
Explanation: Venus's retrograde rotation means it orbits the Sun in the opposite direction to most other
planets, moving from east to west.

13. Question: Which planet has a very slow orbit around the Sun?
Answer: The planet which revolves very slowly around the Sun is Neptune.
Explanation: Neptune, being the farthest major planet from the Sun, has a very slow orbital period,
taking approximately 165 years to complete one orbit.
14. Question: Which planet has the shortest daytime?

Answer: The planet with the shortest daytime is Jupiter.
Explanation: Jupiter's fast rotation on its axis results in a relatively short day, with one full rotation
taking only about 9.9 hours.
15. Question: Who was the first Chinese national in space?

Answer: The first Chinese national in space was Yang Liwei.
Explanation: Yang Liwei made history as China's first astronaut, flying aboard the Shenzhou 5
spacecraft in 2003.
16. Question: Who was the first Chinese national to walk in space?
Answer: The first Chinese national to walk in space was Zhai Zhigang.
Explanation: Zhai Zhigang achieved the milestone of becoming China's first spacewalker during the
Shenzhou 7 mission in 2008.
17. Question: Who was the first Polish person in space?

Answer: The first Polish person in space was Miroslaw Hermaszewski.
Explanation: Miroslaw Hermaszewski flew aboard the Soviet Soyuz 30 spacecraft in 1978, becoming
Poland's first and only cosmonaut.
18. Question: Who was the first Romanian in space?

Answer: The first Romanian in space was Dumitru Prunariu.
Explanation: Dumitru Prunariu flew aboard the Soviet Soyuz 40 spacecraft in 1981, marking
Romania's first human spaceflight mission.

19. Question: Which planet is nearest to Earth?

Answer: The planet nearest to Earth is Venus.
Explanation: Venus, often called Earth's sister planet, is the closest planet to Earth in terms of distance
and size.
20. Question: Which planet is the brightest in the Solar System?

Answer: The brightest planet in the Solar System is Venus.
Explanation: Venus's thick atmosphere reflects sunlight effectively, making it appear very bright in
the sky, often referred to as the "evening star" or "morning star."
21. Question: What is the primary source of energy generation in stars?

Answer: The energy generation in stars is due to the fusion of light nuclei.
Explanation: Stars produce energy through nuclear fusion, where hydrogen nuclei combine to form
helium, releasing vast amounts of energy in the process.
22. Question: Where is the Sun located within the solar system?
Answer: Sun is located approximately at the center of the solar system.
Explanation: The Sun, a G-type main-sequence star, is situated at the center of the solar system,
exerting gravitational influence on all other celestial bodies.
23. Question: In which direction does Uranus rotate on its axis?

Answer: Uranus is the planet in the solar system which rotates on its axis from East to West.
Explanation: Uranus is unique among the planets in that it rotates on its side, causing it to appear to
roll along its orbit from east to west.
24. Question: What forces keep planets in motion in their orbits?

Answer: The planets are kept in motion in their respective orbits by Gravitation and centrifugal force.
Explanation: Gravity, the attractive force between celestial bodies, and centrifugal force, the outward
force due to rotation, act in tandem to maintain the orbits of planets around the Sun.

25. Question: Why does a lunar eclipse not occur every month?
Answer: Lunar eclipse does not occur every month because the moon's orbit is not always in the same
plane as the Earth's between the sun and the moon.
Explanation: Lunar eclipses occur when the Earth passes between the Sun and the Moon, but the
Moon's orbit is inclined relative to Earth's orbit, causing eclipses to be relatively rare events.
26. Question: Who was the first Canadian to walk in space?

Answer: First Canadian to walk in space was Chris Hadfield.
Explanation: Chris Hadfield performed his historic spacewalk during the STS-100 mission in 2001,
becoming the first Canadian to do so.
27. Question: Who was the first Cuban in space?

Answer: First Cuban in space was Arnaldo Tamayo Mendez.
Explanation: Arnaldo Tamayo Mendez flew aboard the Soviet Soyuz 38 spacecraft in 1980, becoming
the first person of Latin American and Caribbean descent to travel to space.
28. Question: When does a solar eclipse occur?

Answer: Solar eclipse occurs when the moon comes between the sun and Earth.
Explanation: During a solar eclipse, the Moon passes between the Sun and Earth, blocking the Sun's
light and casting a shadow on Earth.
29. Question: What are bodies that fall from the sky on Earth called?
Answer: Bodies which usually fall from the sky on Earth are called meteors.
Explanation: Meteors, also known as shooting stars, are small celestial bodies that enter Earth's
atmosphere, creating bright streaks of light as they burn up due to friction with the air.
30. Question: What are comets?

Answer: Comets are luminous celestial bodies moving round the sun.
Explanation: Comets are icy bodies composed of dust, rock, and frozen gases that orbit the Sun in
highly elliptical paths, often developing bright tails when near the Sun.

31. Question: Why does the Sun rise in the east and set in the west?
Answer: Sun rises in the east and sets in the west due to the rotation of the Earth on its axis.
Explanation: The Earth's rotation from west to east causes the apparent motion of the Sun across the
sky, resulting in its rising in the east and setting in the west.
32. Question: What is the mass ratio of the moon compared to the Earth?
Answer: The mass of the moon in comparison to the Earth is 1/80.
Explanation: The Moon's mass is approximately 1/80th that of Earth, contributing to its lower
gravitational pull and smaller size.
33. Question: What does the rising of the evening star indicate?
Answer: The rising of the evening star indicates the west.
Explanation: The "evening star" is a term often used to refer to Venus when it is visible in the western
sky after sunset, indicating the direction of the west.
34. Question: How long does it take Uranus to complete one orbit around the Sun?
Answer: The time taken by Uranus to revolve around the Sun is approximately 84 years.
Explanation: Uranus has a very long orbital period due to its distance from the Sun, taking about 84
Earth years to complete one orbit.
35. Question: Which planet has the maximum number of satellites?

Answer: Saturn has the maximum number of satellites.
Explanation: Saturn boasts a vast system of moons, with over 146 confirmed natural satellites orbiting
the gas giant.
36. Question: What is the definition of a light-year?

Answer: A light-year is the distance traveled by light in one year.
Explanation: A light-year is a unit of distance used in astronomy, representing the distance that light
travels in one year, approximately 9.461 trillion kilometers (5.879 trillion miles).
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37. Question: What is the shape of Earth's orbit around the Sun?
Answer: The shape of Earth's orbit around the Sun is elliptical.
Explanation: Earth's orbit around the Sun is not perfectly circular but slightly elliptical, with the Sun
located at one of the foci of the ellipse.
38. Question: On what day does a solar eclipse occur?

Answer: Solar eclipse occurs on a full moon day.
Explanation: Solar eclipses occur during the new moon phase when the Moon is positioned
between the Earth and the Sun, blocking the Sun's light.
39. Question: What are the 'zodiac' signs or "houses of the heaven" named after?
Answer: The 'zodiac' signs or "houses of the heaven" are named after star signs.
Explanation: The zodiac signs are named after constellations that lie along the ecliptic, the apparent
path of the Sun across the sky throughout the year.
40. Question: On what type of day does a lunar eclipse occur?

Answer: Lunar eclipse occurs only on a full moon day.
Explanation: Lunar eclipses occur when the Earth passes between the Sun and the Moon, casting a
shadow on the Moon, and can only occur when the Moon is full.
41. Question: What was the name of the European Space Agency's first spacecraft sent to the
moon?
Answer: The European Space Agency has recently sent its first spacecraft to the moon, named
SMART-1.
Explanation: SMART-1 was a European Space Agency mission launched in 2003 with the objective
of testing ion propulsion and conducting scientific observations of the Moon.
42. Question: In which year did man first step on the moon?
Answer: In 1969, man first stepped out on the moon.
Explanation: The Apollo 11 mission, led by NASA, successfully landed astronauts Neil Armstrong and
Buzz Aldrin on the lunar surface on July 20, 1969.
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43. Question: When did the space age begin with the launch of the Russian Sputnik-l?
Answer: The space age began on October 4, 1957, with the launch of the Russian Sputnik-l.
Explanation: Sputnik-l was the world's first artificial satellite, launched by the Soviet Union,
marking the beginning of the space age and igniting the space race between superpowers.
44. Question: What is Operation Path Finder?

Answer: Operation Path Finder is a mission to Mars.
Explanation: Operation Path Finder is a space mission aimed at exploring Mars, studying its
atmosphere, surface, and geology to gather data for scientific research and potential future human
exploration.
45. Question: Who was the first astronaut to set foot on the moon?
Answer: Neil Armstrong is the first astronaut to set foot on the moon.
Explanation: Neil Armstrong made history on July 20, 1969, by becoming the first person to walk on
the lunar surface during NASA's Apollo 11 mission.
46. Question: What enabled man to step on the moon first?

Answer: Apollo XI spacecraft enabled man to step on the moon first.
Explanation: The Apollo 11 mission, carried by the Apollo XI spacecraft, successfully landed
astronauts Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin on the moon's surface, marking a significant milestone in
human space exploration.
47. Question: Who was the first Malaysian in space?

Answer: The first Malaysian in space was Sheikh Muszaphar Shukor.
Explanation: Sheikh Muszaphar Shukor flew to the International Space Station (ISS) aboard Soyuz
TMA-11 in 2007, becoming Malaysia's first astronaut.
48. Question: Who was the first person in space?

Answer: The first person in space was Yuri Gagarin.
Explanation: Yuri Gagarin, a Soviet cosmonaut, orbited the Earth aboard the Vostok 1 spacecraft on
April 12, 1961, becoming the first human to travel to space.
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49. Question: Who was the first Saudi in space?

Answer: The first Saudi in space was Sultan Salman Al Saud.
Explanation: Sultan Salman Al Saud flew as a guest researcher aboard the Space Shuttle Discovery's
STS-51-G mission in 1985, becoming the first Saudi and Arab astronaut.
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Universe Sections-II
1. Question: Who was the first Syrian in space?
Answer: The first Syrian in space was Muhammad Faris.
Explanation: Muhammad Faris made history by becoming the first Syrian astronaut to travel to space.
2. Question: What is Earth known as?

Answer: Earth is known as the "Blue Planet".
Explanation: Earth earned the nickname "Blue Planet" due to the abundance of water on its surface,
giving it a predominantly blue appearance from space.
3. Question: Which planet is known as the "Morning Star"?

Answer: Venus is known as the "Morning Star".
Explanation: Venus is often visible in the eastern sky shortly before sunrise, hence earning the title of the
"Morning Star".
4. Question: What is another name for Earth?

Answer: Earth is known as the "Terra Planet".
Explanation: "Terra" is derived from Latin and refers to Earth or land, emphasizing the planet's terrestrial
nature.
5. Question: Which planet takes the longest time to orbit the Sun?
Answer: Neptune takes the largest time to go once around the Sun.
Explanation: Neptune has the longest orbital period among all the planets in the solar system, taking
approximately 165 Earth years to complete one orbit around the Sun.
6. Question: How many stars are there in our Galaxy?

Answer: Our Galaxy consists of 8 Stars.
Explanation: The Milky Way galaxy contains billions of stars, but it's often simplified to say that there
are around eight main stars, including the Sun, in our immediate stellar neighborhood.
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7. Question: What is another name for Earth?

Answer: Earth is also called as the 'Watery Planet".
Explanation: This nickname emphasizes the abundant presence of water on Earth's surface, covering
about 71% of its surface area.
8. Question: Who discovered the solar system?

Answer: Solar system was discovered by Copernicus.
Explanation: Nicolaus Copernicus formulated the heliocentric model of the solar system, which placed
the Sun at the center rather than Earth, revolutionizing our understanding of celestial mechanics.
9. Question: What unit measures distances between stars?

Answer: The unit of measuring distances between the stars is known as light year.
Explanation: A light-year is the distance that light travels in one year, approximately 9.46 trillion
kilometers, commonly used to measure vast interstellar distances.
10. Question: Which planet has a well-developed system of rings?

Answer: There is a well-developed system of rings around Saturn.
Explanation: Saturn's rings are made up of countless icy particles and rocky debris, forming a
spectacular and distinct feature of the planet.
11. Question: How many moons does Saturn have?

Answer: There are 146 Satellites (Moons) of Saturn Planet.
Explanation: Saturn has a diverse family of moons, with 146 known moons as of current observations,
including well-known ones like Titan and Enceladus.
12. Question: How much larger is Jupiter compared to Earth?

Answer: Jupiter is larger than the earth by about 317 times massive.
Explanation: Jupiter is the largest planet in our solar system, with a diameter over 11 times that of
Earth, making it significantly more massive as well.
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13. Question: What recent mission did NASA send to Mars?

Answer: NASA has recently sent Opportunity space shuttle on the surface of Mars.
Explanation: The Opportunity rover, part of NASA's Mars Exploration Rover mission, was sent to
explore the surface of Mars to study its geology and climate.
14. Question: Which planet is the second one from the Sun?
Answer: Venus is the second planet from the Sun.
Explanation: Neptune is actually the eighth planet from the Sun, not the second. It is the furthest known
planet in our solar system.
15. Question: Which planet spins on its axis at the fastest rate?
Answer: Jupiter spins on its axis at the fastest rate.
Explanation: Jupiter's rapid rotation gives it a day length of about 9.9 Earth hours, making it the
fastest-spinning planet in our solar system.
16. Question: Which planet contains the largest quantity of carbon dioxide?
Answer: Venus contains the largest quantity of carbon dioxide with 95%.
Explanation: Venus has an extremely thick atmosphere composed mostly of carbon dioxide, creating a
runaway greenhouse effect and resulting in its extremely high surface temperatures.
17. Question: How much larger is the Sun compared to Earth?

Answer: The Sun is 109 times bigger in size than the Earth.
Explanation: The Sun is a massive star, with a diameter approximately 109 times that of Earth,
making it the largest object in our solar system.
18. Question: What are the temperatures at the surface and center of the Sun?
Answer: The temperature at the surface of the sun and its center is respectively, about 6000 K and 20
million K.
Explanation: The surface temperature of the Sun, or photosphere, is around 6000 Kelvin, while the core
temperature exceeds 15 million Kelvin, where nuclear fusion reactions occur.
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19. Question: What is the primary constituent of the Sun?

Answer: The Sun consists mostly of Hydrogen.
Explanation: Hydrogen makes up about 74% of the Sun's mass, while helium accounts for about 24%,
with trace amounts of heavier elements.
20. Question: Which planet appears brightest from Earth?

Answer: Venus is brightest as seen from the Earth.
Explanation: Venus is often referred to as the "Evening Star" or the "Morning Star" due to its
brightness, easily visible to the naked eye.
21. Question: What celestial body has the largest mass orbiting the Sun?
Answer: The heaviest mass revolving round the Sun is Jupiter.
Explanation: Jupiter's immense mass dominates its surroundings, influencing the orbits of numerous
asteroids and other objects in the solar system.
22. Question: What does the rising of the evening star indicate?
Answer: The rising of the evening star indicates the west.
Explanation: The evening star refers to Venus, which is often seen in the western sky after sunset, hence
indicating the direction of the west.
23. Question: Which planet has the most natural satellites?

Answer: Jupiter has the largest number of natural satellites. Its total satellites are 95.
Explanation: Jupiter's extensive system of moons includes 95 confirmed natural satellites, the largest
of which is Ganymede.
24. Question: Who was the first Afghan in space?

Answer: The first Afghan who went into space was Abdul Ahad Mohmand.
Explanation: Abdul Ahad Mohmand flew aboard the Soyuz TM-6 mission in 1988, becoming the first
Afghan and fourth Muslim astronaut in space.
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25. Question: Which space shuttle was launched by the United States in May 2005?
Answer: CHALLENGER space shuttle was launched by the United States in May 2005.
Explanation: The Challenger space shuttle disaster occurred on January 28, 1986, when the Space
Shuttle Challenger broke apart 73 seconds into its flight, leading to the deaths of all seven crew members.
26. Question: What is the brightest star in the sky?

Answer: The brightest star in the sky is the Sun.
Explanation: The Sun is the closest star to Earth and appears as the brightest object in the sky, providing
light and heat to sustain life on our planet.
27. Question: Which planet reflects back the highest percentage of light it receives from the Sun?
Answer: Venus reflects back to space the highest percentage of light it receives from the Sun than any
other planet of the solar system.
Explanation: Venus has a thick atmosphere that reflects about 70% of the sunlight it receives,
contributing to its high albedo and brightness in the sky.
28. Question: Is Venus larger or smaller than Earth in diameter?

Answer: Venus has a lesser diameter than the earth.
Explanation: Although Venus is often considered Earth's sister planet due to similarities in size and
composition, it has a slightly smaller diameter than Earth.
29. Question: Which planet has a greater diameter than Earth?

Answer: Jupiter has greater diameter than the earth.
Explanation: Jupiter is the largest planet in our solar system, with a diameter over 11 times that of
Earth, making it significantly more massive as well.
30. Question: Which planet has a smaller diameter than Earth?

Answer: Mars has lesser diameter than the earth.
Explanation: Mars, often called the "Red Planet," has a diameter about half that of Earth, making it the
second-smallest planet in the solar system after Mercury.
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31. Question: What is the approximate time for Mars to complete one rotation on its own axis?
Answer: Mars takes very nearly the same time for a rotation on its own axis as does the earth.
Explanation: Mars has a slightly longer day than Earth, with a rotation period of approximately 24.6
hours, making its days similar in length to those on Earth.
32. Question: What is the correct sequence of the following planets in terms of gravity, in
descending order?
Answer: The correct sequence of the following planets in terms of gravity, in descending order is Earth,
Uranus, Neptune, and Saturn.
Explanation: Gravity is directly related to mass, so planets with greater mass have stronger gravitational
forces. Earth has the strongest gravitational pull, followed by Uranus, Neptune, and Saturn.
33. Question: Which moon is a satellite of Neptune?

Answer: Triton is a satellite of Neptune.
Explanation: Triton is the largest moon of Neptune and the only large moon in the solar system with a
retrograde orbit, meaning it orbits in the opposite direction of Neptune's rotation.
34. Question: What are the approximate maximum day and night temperatures on the Moon?
Answer: The maximum day and night temperatures approximately on the moon are respectively 100°C
and -180°C.
Explanation: Due to the lack of atmosphere on the Moon, temperatures can vary greatly between day and
night, with extremes reaching about 100°C during the day and -180°C at night.
35. Question: Which comet is considered the brightest?

Answer: Kohoutek is the brightest comet.
Explanation: Comet Kohoutek, formally designated C/1973 E1, was a comet that gained significant
attention in the early 1970s as it approached the Sun and became visible to the naked eye.
36. Question: Which planet has the longest day?

Answer: The planet which has the longest day is Venus.
Explanation: Venus has an extremely slow rotation on its axis, taking about 243 Earth days to
complete one full rotation, making its day longer than its year.
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37. Question: Which planet has the shortest year?

Answer: The planet which has the shortest year is Mercury.
Explanation: Mercury's orbit around the Sun is the shortest among all the planets in the solar system,
completing one orbit in about 88 Earth days.
38. Question: Which planet has the longest year?

Answer: The planet which has the longest year is Neptune.
Explanation: Neptune, being the farthest planet from the Sun, has the longest orbital period, taking about
165 Earth years to complete one orbit around the Sun.
39. Question: When did Russia launch its space station into space?
Answer: Russia launched its space station into space in 1986, which was Mir.
Explanation: Mir was a Soviet and later Russian space station that operated in low Earth orbit from 1986
to 2001, serving as a laboratory for scientific research and international cooperation.
40. Question: What is Hubble?

Answer: Hubble is a space telescope.
Explanation: The Hubble Space Telescope is a large space telescope launched into low Earth orbit in
1990. It has provided astronomers with incredible images and data about distant galaxies, stars, and
planets.
41. Question: How many planets are there in the solar system?
Answer: Total planets are 8.
Explanation: As of current scientific classification, there are eight recognized planets in the solar system:
Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune.
42. Question: How long does it take for light to travel from the Sun to Earth?
Answer: Light travels from Sun to Earth in 510.00 seconds.
Explanation: Light takes about 8 minutes and 30 seconds to travel from the Sun to Earth, covering a
distance of approximately 93 million miles (150 million kilometers).
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43. Question: What is the name of the theory explaining the origin of the universe?
Answer: The theory that refers to an explosion about 10 to 15 billion years ago which most
astronomers believe to be the origin of the universe is called the Big Bang Theory.
Explanation: The Big Bang Theory proposes that the universe began as an extremely hot and dense
singularity, then expanded and cooled over billions of years, leading to the formation of galaxies, stars,
and planets.
44. Question: What are black holes?

Answer: Black holes are stellar objects which have an intense gravitational field.
Explanation: Black holes are regions in space where the gravitational pull is so strong that nothing, not
even light, can escape from them. They form when massive stars collapse under their own gravity.
45. Question: Which planet is the smallest and closest to the Sun?
Answer: Mercury is the planet which is not only the smallest but also nearest to the sun.
Explanation: Mercury is the smallest planet in the solar system and orbits closest to the Sun, with an
average distance of about 36 million miles (58 million kilometers).
46. Question: What is Venus known as in relation to Earth?

Answer: Venus is known as the Earth's Twin.
Explanation: Venus is often called Earth's twin because of their similar sizes, masses, and compositions.
However, Venus has a very different atmosphere and surface conditions compared to Earth.
47. Question: What is the maximum length of a day at the poles?

Answer: 6 months is the maximum length of a day of the poles.
Explanation: Near the poles of the Earth, during certain times of the year, the Sun can remain
continuously above or below the horizon, resulting in six months of daylight or darkness.
48. Question: What causes the phases of the Moon?

Answer: Cause of the phases of the Moon is rotation of earth.
Explanation: The phases of the Moon are caused by the changing angles of sunlight on its surface as it
orbits around the Earth. The Moon itself does not emit light but reflects sunlight, creating different
phases as seen from Earth.
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49. Question: Who first speculated that Venus is completely covered with clouds?
Answer: Christian Huygens was the first to speculate that Venus is completely covered with clouds.
Explanation: Christian Huygens, a Dutch astronomer, made this observation in the 17th century based
on his telescopic observations of Venus.
50. Question: What are the twelve constellations referred to as?

Answer: Twelve constellations referred to as zodiac are a group of stars.
Explanation: The zodiac is a band of the sky through which the Sun, Moon, and planets appear to move
as seen from Earth. It is divided into twelve constellations, each associated with a specific astrological
sign.
51. Question: Who determined the length of a day on Mars?

Answer: Giordano Bruno was the first to determine that the day on Mars was, like ours, roughly twenty-
four hours long.
Explanation: Giordano Bruno, an Italian philosopher and astronomer, made this estimation based on
his observations of the Martian surface features in the 16th century.
52. Question: What significant event happened on July 20, 1969?

Answer: On July 20, 1969, two American astronauts landed on the moon.
Explanation: Neil Armstrong and Buzz Aldrin became the first humans to set foot on the lunar surface
during the Apollo 11 mission, while Michael Collins orbited above in the command module.
53. Question: What was the first artificial satellite launched by?
Answer: The first-ever artificial satellite was launched by Russia.
Explanation: On October 4, 1957, the Soviet Union launched Sputnik 1, marking the beginning of the
space age and the first human-made object to orbit the Earth.
54. Question: Who was the first Canadian woman in space?

Answer: Roberta Bondar was the first Canadian woman in space.
Explanation: Dr. Roberta Bondar flew aboard the Space Shuttle Discovery in 1992, becoming the first
Canadian woman and the first neurologist in space.
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55. Question: Who was the first Male Canadian in space?

Answer: Marc Garneau was the first Male Canadian in space.
Explanation: Marc Garneau flew aboard Space Shuttle Challenger in 1984, becoming the first
Canadian astronaut to travel to space.
56. Question: Who was the first Czech and first non-Soviet European in space?
Answer: Vladimir Remek was the first Czech and first non-Soviet European in space.
Explanation: Vladimir Remek flew aboard Soyuz 28 in 1978 as part of the Intercosmos program, making
him the first non-Soviet European to travel to space.
57. Question: Who was the first French person in space and first non-Soviet European to walk in
space?
Answer: Jean-Loup Chretien was the first French person in space and first non-Soviet European to walk
in space.
Explanation: Jean-Loup Chretien flew aboard Soyuz T-6 in 1982 and performed a spacewalk during the
mission, making him the first non-Soviet European to do so.
58. Question: Who was the first German in space?

Answer: Sigmund Jähn was the first German in space.
Explanation: Sigmund Jähn flew aboard Soyuz 31 in 1978 as part of the Intercosmos program, making
him the first German astronaut to travel to space.
59. Question: What is the name of the first Afghan who went into space?
Answer: The first Afghan who went in space was Abdul Ahad Mohmand.
Explanation: Abdul Ahad Mohmand flew as a crew member of the Soyuz TM-6 mission in 1988,
becoming the first Afghan and fourth Muslim astronaut in space.
60. Question: When was the CHALLENGER space shuttle launched by the United States?
Answer: The CHALLENGER space shuttle was launched by the United States in May 2005.
Explanation: This statement seems incorrect. The Challenger space shuttle disaster occurred on January
28, 1986. It broke apart 73 seconds into its flight, leading to the deaths of all seven crew members.
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61. Question: What is the name of the brightest star in the sky?
Answer: The brightest star in the sky is the Sun.
Explanation: While the Sun is indeed the brightest object in our sky, the term "brightest star" typically
refers to Sirius, also known as the Dog Star.
62. Question: Which planet reflects back to space the highest percentage of light it receives from the
Sun?
Answer: Venus reflects back to space the highest percentage of light it receives from the sun than any
other planet of the solar system.
Explanation: Venus has a high albedo, meaning it reflects a significant portion of the sunlight it
receives, contributing to its brightness in the sky.
63. Question: Is Venus larger or smaller than Earth in diameter?

Answer: Venus has a lesser diameter than the earth.
Explanation: Although Venus is often referred to as Earth's twin due to their similar sizes and
compositions, Venus actually has a slightly smaller diameter than Earth.
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Unlocking Victory: Your Ultimate

Guide for PMS & All One Paper Exams

By: Prof. Rana Mubashar Raza

MOCC- Competitive Exams Academy

Geography & Physiography

1|MOCC- Home of 350+ Officers (BPS-17) Contact: 0331-400-3500

Countries (Capital, Currency, Area) Important Information

2|MOCC- Home of 350+ Officers (BPS-17) Contact: 0331-400-3500

3|MOCC- Home of 350+ Officers (BPS-17) Contact: 0331-400-3500

4) The Rohingya Issue

4|MOCC- Home of 350+ Officers (BPS-17) Contact: 0331-400-3500

1. Question: What is the biggest planet in our solar system?

2. Question: Which planet is the hottest in our solar system?

3. Question: What is a supernova?

4. Question: What is the shape of our Milky Way galaxy?

5. Question: Which planet is the smallest in our solar system?

6. Question: Which planet is the coldest in our solar system?

5|MOCC- Home of 350+ Officers (BPS-17) Contact: 0331-400-3500

8. Question: Why is the Moon called a satellite of the Earth?

9. Question: What revolves around the Sun?

10. Question: How much larger is Jupiter compared to Earth?

6|MOCC- Home of 350+ Officers (BPS-17) Contact: 0331-400-3500

14. Question: Which planet has the shortest daytime?

15. Question: Who was the first Chinese national in space?

17. Question: Who was the first Polish person in space?

18. Question: Who was the first Romanian in space?

7|MOCC- Home of 350+ Officers (BPS-17) Contact: 0331-400-3500

19. Question: Which planet is nearest to Earth?

20. Question: Which planet is the brightest in the Solar System?

21. Question: What is the primary source of energy generation in stars?

23. Question: In which direction does Uranus rotate on its axis?

24. Question: What forces keep planets in motion in their orbits?

8|MOCC- Home of 350+ Officers (BPS-17) Contact: 0331-400-3500

26. Question: Who was the first Canadian to walk in space?

27. Question: Who was the first Cuban in space?

28. Question: When does a solar eclipse occur?

30. Question: What are comets?

9|MOCC- Home of 350+ Officers (BPS-17) Contact: 0331-400-3500

35. Question: Which planet has the maximum number of satellites?

36. Question: What is the definition of a light-year?

38. Question: On what day does a solar eclipse occur?

40. Question: On what type of day does a lunar eclipse occur?

44. Question: What is Operation Path Finder?

46. Question: What enabled man to step on the moon first?

47. Question: Who was the first Malaysian in space?

48. Question: Who was the first person in space?

49. Question: Who was the first Saudi in space?

2. Question: What is Earth known as?

3. Question: Which planet is known as the "Morning Star"?

4. Question: What is another name for Earth?

6. Question: How many stars are there in our Galaxy?

7. Question: What is another name for Earth?

8. Question: Who discovered the solar system?

9. Question: What unit measures distances between stars?

10. Question: Which planet has a well-developed system of rings?

11. Question: How many moons does Saturn have?

12. Question: How much larger is Jupiter compared to Earth?

13. Question: What recent mission did NASA send to Mars?