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    Massive Igneous Rocks

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    Massive Igneous Rocks

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    21 views18 pages

    Massive Igneous Rocks

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    sikmongesi

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    GRADE 11 GEOMORPHOLOGY

    MASSIVE IGNEOUS ROCKS


    RAJENDRA DAVECHAND
    Massive Igneous Rocks
    Identification landforms
    Characteristics and processes associated
    with the development
    MASSIVE IGNEOUS ROCKS

    • Refer to YouTube lesson on types of rocks for detailed explanation.


    • Massive igneous rocks.
    • No layers.
    • Uniform resistance.
    • Forms when magma or lava cools.
    IGNEOUS INTRUSIONS
    Forms from magma that cools and solidifies within the crust.

    Pluton is a body of
    intrusive igneous rock.
    It is called a plutonic Lopolith
    rock.

    Adapted from
    *Please note these are igneous intrusions and maybe exposed to the
    Earth’s surface as landforms shown by the pictures in the following slides.

    Batholith
    • Batholiths are large bodies of intrusive igneous rocks (plutonic rock). The largest
    type of intrusion .
    • They Formed when magma cools beneath Earth's surface
    • A batholith must cover at least 100 km2.
    • Many batholiths cover hundreds to thousands of square kilometres.
    Laccolith

    • A smaller dome shaped intrusion.


    • Less than 16 km in diameter.
    • They are composed of dense magma that causes the overlying strata
    (sedimentary rocks) to bend upwards on cooling.
    Lopolith
    • Lopolith are saucer shaped intrusions.
    • They are composed of dense magma that causes the strata (sedimentary rocks)
    below it to form a depression (bend downwards) on cooling.
    • A more or less vertical intrusion.
    • Magma intrudes into more or less vertical cracks in the overlying sedimentary
    rocks and cool.
    • A horizontal intrusion.
    • Is layer of magma that intrudes between the horizontal bedding planes found
    between the sedimentary rock layers and cools.
    Joints in igneous rocks

    Unloading joints are joints formed near the surface during uplift and erosion. The
    compressive stress (pressure) is released resulting joints.
    Contractual joints here magma cools, contracts, solidifies. This causes
    stress buildup that eventually exceeds the tensile strength (maximum load that a
    material can support without fracturing) of the resulting in the formation of joints.
    Granite dome

    • Is a large dome shaped landform.


    • Erosion of overlying rock layers brings the granite rock e.g. batholith to Earth's
    surface.
    • Pressure from above the granite rock decreases resulting in exfoliation (sheets
    of rock peel off)

    • Adapted from
    Granite domes are a tourist attraction
    Tors

    • Chemical weathering (spheroidal weathering is a form of chemical weathering


    that affects jointed bedrock and results in the formation of rounded layers)
    occurs along the joints of the granite rock.
    • Erosion of the overlying rocks exposes it to the surface as a mound of rounded
    rocks.
    Adapted from DBE past paper

    1. Identify the landforms labelled G and H.


    2. Name the rock type associated with these landforms, answer to QUESTION 1.
    3. State a difference between landforms labelled G and H.
    4. Explain how these landforms, answer to QUESTION 1, are exposed to the
    surface of the Earth.

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