Grade 10 Buddhism Textbook Sinhala Medium - New Syllabus

nqoaO O¾uh
10 fY%aKsh
wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;=j
ish¨ u fm<fmd;a bf,laf g%dksla udOHfhka ,nd .ekSug

www.edupub.gov.lk fjí wvúhg msúfika k'
i
m%:u uqøKh (- 2014
fojk uqøKh (- 2015
f;jk uqøKh (- 2016
isjqjk uqøKh (- 2017
miajk uqøKh (- 2018
yhjk uqøKh (- 2019
ish¨ ysñlï weúß‚'

ISBN 978-955-25-0376-4
ii
Y%S ,xld cd;sl .Sh
Y%S ,xld ud;d

wm YS% ,xld" kfuda kfuda kfuda kfuda ud;d
iqkaor isßnßkS" iq/¢ w;s fidanudk ,xld
OdkH Okh fkl u,a m,;=re msß ch N+ñh ruHd
wmyg iem isß fi; iokd Ôjkfha ud;d
ms<s.kq uek wm Nla;s mQcd
kfuda kfuda ud;d
Tn fõ wm úoHd - Tn u h wm i;Hd
Tn fõ wm Yla;s - wm yo ;=< Nla;s
Tn wm wdf,dafla - wmf.a wkqm%dfKa
Tn wm Ôjk fõ - wm uqla;sh Tn fõ
kj Ôjk foñfka ks;sk wm mqnqÿ lrka ud;d
{dk ù¾h jvjñk /f.k hkq uek ch N+ñ lrd
tl ujlf. ore le, neúkd
huq huq ù fkdmud
fm%au jvd ieu fNao ÿ/r Þ kfuda kfuda ud;d
iii
wOHdmk wud;HdxYfha fn!oAO WmfoaYl uKav,h úiska wkqu; lrk
,o .=re jkaokd .d:dj iy wêIaGdk moHh
.=re jkaokd .d:dj
´jdo ismam odfkak
islaLdfma;s uux .re
i.drfõk Ñ;af;ak
wyx jkaodñ ;x .rex
Tjd isma §fuk

ud yslaujk fmafuk
weÿre yo ne;sfhk
j¢ï .re is; fmrgq lrñk
mdi,a WoEik /iaùu wjidkfha flfrk wêIaGdkh
f;rejk mqod isyslr udmsh fofok
.=re is; Èkd Tm lr f.k .=K kqjK
lrñk ind úÿy,a uEKsf. isysk
iqrlsñ iod uf. rg cd;sh iiqk
rpl( mQcH .ka;=fka wiaiÔ ysñ
;s<sKh f,iska rcfhka fï fmd; ,Èñ

lshjd thska keK .=K t<s lr .ksñ
uf. rg fjkqfjka u oE iïm;a rlsñ
fï fmd; tk jifr fjk flkl=g mqoñ
Aµ]ß öÁS©v¯õ´ ¡¼uøÚ¨ ö£Ø÷Óß

AÔÄ ö£¸Qh÷Á ¡¼uøÚU PØ÷£ß
uõ´ |õmiß ÁÍö©ÚÄ® ¡¼uøÚU Põ¨÷£ß
£» ©õnÁ¸® £°ßÔh÷Á ¡¼øu÷¯ AÎ¨÷£ß
From the government, I received this as a gift

I’ll read it, light up my knowledge and practise thrift
On my country’s own behalf, I’ll protect the national resources
And offer this book to another one as a fresh garland of roses
iv
—w¨;a fjñka" fjkia fjñka" ksje/È oekqfuka
rgg jf. u uq¿ f,djg u fjkak keK myka˜
.re wOHdmk wud;H;=udf.a m‚jqvh

f.ù .sh oYl follg wdikak ld,h f,dal b;sydih ;=< iqúfYaIS jQ ;dlaI‚l
fjkialï /ila isÿjQ ld,hls' f;dr;=re ;dlaIKh" ikaksfõokh m%uqL lr.;a fiiq
lafIa;%j, YS>% ÈhqKqj;a iuÕ j;auka isiq ore oeßhka yuqfõ kj wNsfhda. /ila ks¾udKh ù
;sfí' wo iudcfha mj;sk /lshdj, iajNdjh kqÿre wkd.;fha § iqúfYaIS fjkialï /ilg
,la jkq we;' tjka jgmsgdjla ;=< kj ;dlaI‚l oekqu iy nqoaêh flakaø lr.;a iudchl
fjkia wdldrfha /lshd wjia:d o ,laI .Kkska ks¾udKh jkq we;' ta wkd.; wNsfhda.
ch.ekSu fjkqfjka" Tn iún, .ekaùu wOHdmk wud;Hjrhd f,i uf.a;a" wm rcfha;a m%uqL
wruqKhs'
ksoyia wOHdmkfha udyeÕs m%;s,dNhla f,i fkdñf,a Tn w;g m;a jk fuu fmd;
ukdj mßYS,kh lsÍu;a" bka wjYH oekqu Wlyd .ekSu;a Tfí taldhk wruqK úh hq;= h'
tfuka u Tfí ujqmshka we;=¿ jeäysáhkaf.a Y%ufha iy lemlsÍfï m%;sM,hla f,i rch
úiska fkdñf,a mdi,a fm<fmd;a Tn w;g m;a lrkq ,nk nj o Tn jgyd .; hq;= h'
f,dalh fõ.fhka fjkia jk jgmsgdjl" kj m%jK;dj,g .e<fmk whqßka kj
úIh ud,d ilia lsÍug;a" wOHdmk moaO;sh ;=< ;SrKd;aul fjkialï isÿ lsÍu i|yd;a
rchla f,i wm lghq;= lrkafka rgl wkd.;h wOHdmkh u;ska isÿ jk nj wm fyd¢ka u
wjfndaO lrf.k isák neúks' ksoyia wOHdmkfha Wmßu m%;sM, N=la;s ú¢ñka" rgg muKla
fkdj f,djg u jevodhS Y%S ,dxlsl mqrjeishl= f,i keÕS isákakg Tn o wÈgka lr.; hq;=
jkafka tneúks' ta i|yd fï fmd; mßYS,kh lsÍfuka Tn ,nk oekqu o bjy,a jkq we;s nj
uf.a úYajdihhs'
rch Tfí wOHdmkh fjkqfjka úhoï lrk w;súYd, OkialkaOhg jákdlula tla
lsÍu o Tfí hq;=lula jk w;r" mdi,a wOHdmkh yryd Tn ,nd .kakd oekqu yd l=i,;d
Tfí wkd.;h ;SrKh lrk nj o Tn fyd¢ka wjfndaO lr .; hq;= h' Tn iudcfha l=uk
;rd;srul isáh o ish¨ ndOd ì| ouñka iudcfha by< u ia;rhlg .uka lsÍfï yelshdj
wOHdmkh yryd Tng ysñ jk nj o Tn fyd¢ka wjOdrKh lr .; hq;= h'
tneúka ksoyia wOHdmkfha Wmßu m%;sM, ,nd" f.!rjkSh mqrjeishl= f,i fyg
f,dj Èkkakg;a foaY foaYdka;rj, mjd Y%S ,dxflah kduh nn<jkakg;a Tng yels fõjdæ hs
wOHdmk wud;Hjrhd f,i uu Y=N m%d¾:kh lrñ'
wls, úrdÊ ldßhjiï

wOHdmk wud;H
v
fmrjok
Tn ckau,dNh ,nd we;af;a bka§h id.rfha uq;= wegh hehs úreodj,S ,;a rglh'
Tfí rg wka rgj,a yd iei`¥ l, l=vd rgla f,i fmkqKo tys w.h wñ, h' tjka
w.kd mqKHN+ñhl Wmka Tn ieu ienúkau jdikdjka; msßils' isiq ore±ßhka
jk Tn ieu" fyd¢ka wOHdmkh ,nd .=K keK fnf,ka hq;= mqrjeishka f,i
wkd.; f,dalh t<sh lrkq ±lSu wmf.a taldhk wfmalaIdjhs' tu wfmalaIdj
uqÿkam;a lr,kq ms‚i wOHdmkh i|yd wjYH ish¨ myiqlï fkdñf,a iemhSug
rch lghq;= lrhs' fuu fmd; Tng ;s<sK flfrkafka o tys tla mshjrla
jYfhks'
kj m%d:ñl úIh ud,djg wkqj fï jk úg 1" 2" 3 iy 4 fY%aKs iòyd

kj fm<fmd;a y`ÿkajd § we;' 2020 j¾Ifha § 5 jeks fY%aKshg kj fm< fmd;a
y`ÿkajd §fuka wk;=rej fuu woshf¾ m%d:ñl úIhud,d ixfYdaOkh ksudjg
m;afõ' 1 fY%aKsfha isg 5 fY%aKsh olajd m%d:ñl fY%aKsj, isma i;r yodrk YsIH
m%cdj fjkqfjka rch ;s<sK lrk fm<fmd;a ixLHdj 30 la muK fõ' fï jákd
iïm;ska Ôú;h wdf,dalj;a lr .ekSug lghq;= lsÍu Tn ieuf.a j.lSu úh
hq;=h'
fuu fm<fmd; Tn w;g m;a lsÍu iòyd lemùfuka lghq;= l<

f,aLl yd ixialdrl uKav, idudðl uy;au uy;aókag iy wOHdmk m%ldYk
fomd¾;fïka;=fõ ld¾h uKav,hg udf.a ia;=;sh mqo lrñ'
ví,sõ' tï' chka; úl%ukdhl"

wOHdmk m%ldYk flduidßia ckrd,a"
wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;=j"
biqremdh"
n;a;ruq,a,'
2019'04'10
vi
kshdukh yd wëlaIKh (
ví,sõ' tï' chka; úl%ukdhl
wOHdmk m%ldYk flduidßia ckrd,a
fufyhùu (
ví,sõ' ta' ks¾u,d mshiS,s

wOHdmk m%ldYk flduidßia îxj¾Ok&
iïnkaëlrKh (
ã' tï' chka; mqIaml=udr

ksfhdacH flduidßia ^md,k&
ixialdrl uKav,h (
1' uydpd¾h" mQcH foajdf,a.u fïOdkkao iajdóka jykafia

le,Ksh úYajúoHd,h

2' w;smQcH" .ka;=fka wiaiÔ uydkdhl iajdóka jykafia
úY%dñl lÓldpd¾h" YS% chj¾Okmqr úYajúoHd,h
3' wdpd¾h" mQcH udUq,af.dv iqukr;k iajdóka jykafia

ksfhdacH wOHlaI ckrd,a" cd;sl wOHdmk wdh;kh
isxy, NdId ixialrKh (

1' uydpd¾h" ksu,a u,a,jwdrÉÑ
wxYdêm;s" isxy, wOHhk wxYh" le,Ksh úYajúoHd,h

vii
f,aLl uKav,h (
1' Ydia;%m;s" jhs'mS'mS' lúis.uqj
.=re WmfoaYsld" l,dm wOHdmk ld¾hd,h" r;akmqr'
2' wOHdmkm;s" ví'ta'iS' fõrf.dv
.=re WmfoaYsld" fldÜGdi wOHdmk ld¾hd,h" jrldfmd<'
3' o¾Ykm;s" Wohrejka u,a,sldrÉÑ
úÿy,am;s" by< fndañßh lksIaG úoHd,h" lvqfj,'
4' Ydia;%m;s" wd¾'ta' .=Kj¾Ok
.=refiajh I" .sß$rejka.sß uOH uyd úoHd,h" fnda.uq,a,'
fidaÿm;a lshùu (
1' tia'î'tï' ksu,a O¾uisß
wOHdmk wOHlaI"
wd.ñl yd idrO¾u wxYh" wOHdmk wud;HdxYh'
Ñ;% rEm igyka" msg ljrh ieliSu (

1' wñ;d bkaÈrdks
iyldr wOHdmk wOHlaI
l,dm wOHdmk ld¾hd,h" .ïfmd<'
mß.Kl .; lsÍu" msgq ieliSu (

1' ví'ã' ksïñld
2' tA'tka' Ydksld uOqYdkS
3' mS'ta' Yhsks bu,aId
wOHdmk wud;HdxYfha fn!oaO WmfoaYl uKav,fha wkque;sh mßÈ"

2015 kj úIh ks¾foaYhg wod< j fuu fmd; iïmdokh lr we;'
viii
mgqk
msgqj
01' wNsfhda. ch .;a isÿy;a fndai;dfKda 01
02' kuÈuq w.huq uy i`.rejkd 07
03' f;rejk .=K ye¢k .ksuq 13
04' l=i,a is;a jeä ÈhqKq lruq 22
05' úoiqka jvkafkda we;s ;;= olskafkda 28

06' iiqka fl; ire l<" W;=fuda .=Ke;s fmr l, 34
07' uy¨ úfhys ÿla fkdjkak ;=reKq Èúh f.dvk.kak 41
08' wkqiia ±l is,aj;a fjuq 45
09' in|;d rlsk ñksia hq;=lï 50
10' reÿre ñksiqka w;r fjuq wms fid÷re ñksiqka 58
11' wfmalu iy iyÔjkh 62
12' l¾uh iy tys m%fNao ye¢k .ksuq 67
13' we;s ;;= lshk ;s,l=Kq oyu 74
14' máÉp iuqmamdo kHdh ye¢k .ksuq 78
15' isõiia ye¢k iekiqu ,nuq 82
16' nqÿ isß;hs - mßirhhs 88
17' kSfrda.S nj W;=ï ,dNhhs 94
18' ksje/È wdydr mßfNdackfhka iqj fia fjfiuq 98
19' iiqk iq/ls ix.dhkd 102
20' fy< l,djka iqrlsuq 108
21' fn!oaO idys;Hh ri ú¢uq 118
22' rdcH md,kh ms<sn| fn!oaO b.ekaùï 124
23' Y%oaOdj ksjka uf.ys msúiquhs 131
ix
x
01 wNsfhda. ch .;a isÿy;a
fndai;dfKda
Èjd l, úvd nr nj ÿr,ñka Wod jQ ijia ld,h is;a myka lrkakla úh'
.=jka úÿ,sfhka m%pdrh jkakd jQ wmQre .S;hla ud ijkg jeáKs' úYdro úlag¾
r;akdhlf.a ñhqre y`äka .S;j;a jk"

zzwud oyr Èh .,d .,d
;=re ,;d ;=<ska u,a msh,s i,d
ch y`äka f,djg isy ko m;=rd
f,dai; w;ßka cks; jqKdZZ
hk .S;h ijkg jefgk úg uis; we§ .sfha fuf;la f,dj my< jQ fYa%IaG;u
Ydia;DDka jykafia jk f,dõ;=rd wud uEKS nqÿrcdKka jykafia fj; h' fndai;a
Wm; fuka u fndai;a pß;h o wNsfhda.hkaf.ka msÍ mej;s tlls' fndai;=ka ch
.;a wNsfhda. wmuK h' iqúfYaI jQ tu ch.%yK wmg o w.kd u. fmkaùuls'
fndai;a Wm; f,dj isÿ jQ wisßu;a isÿùfuls' ta i|yd foaj wdrdOkdj ,enQ miq
fndai;ajrfhl= úiska mxp uyd úf,dalkh u`.ska mQ¾j wOHhkhla lrkq ,efí'
foúhka wdrdOkd l< muKska u fndai;dfKda th fkd ms<s.;ay' ;udf.a wjika
Wm; i|yd iqÿiq miqìu kqjKska úuid ne,Su mxp uyd úf,dalkhhs' i;H
jYfhka u th fY%aIaG Wm; yd ne÷Kq wNsfhda.hls' ish wruqK bgqlr .; yels
id¾:l Ôú;hla i|yd moku ilia lr .; hq;= wdldrh ms<sn| j mxp uyd
úf,dalkh ;=<ska ukd j meyeÈ,s fõ' Ôú;fha jeo.;a ;SrK .ekSfï § is;d" úuid
n,d lghq;= l< hq;= h' laIKsl ;SrK u; l%shd lsÍfuka .eg¨ we;s jk wjia:d
fndfyda h' id¾:l YsIH Ôú;hla Wfoid fuh wmg mQ¾jdo¾Yhls' fndai;a Wm;
isÿ jQ ú.i mshjr ;eîu;a" fndai;a isßmd ms<s.ekSug i;a mshqï msmSu;a" isxy kdo
meje;aùu;a fjk;a lsisÿ Wm;l olakg fkd ,enqK wdYap¾hj;a isÿùï h'
rdclSh mjq,lg wod< iem iïm;a yd wdrlaIdj ueo jevqKq isÿy;a fndai;dfKda
rc l=url=g wjYH Ys,am ms<sn| úfYaI mqyqKqjla o ,enQy' tkï kS;s Ydia;%h" lvq
Ys,amh" ÿkq Ys,amh yd we;=ka" wiqka yeisrùu wd§ ish¨ Ys,am Ydia;% ms<sn| mqyqKqjhs'
isÿy;a l=urd i¾j ñ;% kï nuqKq m`äjrhdf.ka b;d flá l,lska Ys,am Ydia;%
W.;a nj o i|yka fjhs' .=rejrhd fj;ska ish¨ Ys,am Ydia;% l=urd uekeúka"
fkdñf,a fnodyeÍu iòydh 1

läkñka m%.=K lf<a h' lsis úgl;a wdpd¾hjrhdf.a is; fkdßoù h' tl u foh
kej; kej; isysm;a lsÍug .=rejrhdg wjYH fkdù h' isÿy;a l=uref.a <ud
wjÈfha olakg ,enqKq úfYaI ,laIK jQfha lSlre nj" ldreKsl nj" W.kajk foa
fyd¢ka OdrKh lr .ekSu" fu;a is;=ú,sj,ska hqla; ùu yd ks¾NS; nj h' lsis
úgl;a wka wh ;,d fm<d ke.S isàfï wdidjla fkd ;snQ l=urdfKda ksy`v j ish¨
Ys,am uekeúka yeoEÍu .ek u is; fhduq lrñka lghq;= l<y' ish jhig .e<fmk
foa lsÍu;a" ;u foudmshkag fyda ;udg fyda wf.!rj jk lsisjla isÿ fkdlsÍu;a
l=uref.a YsIH Ôú;fha iqúfYaI ,laIK h' Ok n,h" rc n,h wd§ ish¨ iem
iïm;ska fkd wvqj jevqKq l=urdg tl, l< fkd yelalla fkdù h' tfy;a l=ure
tAjdhska Woï fkdù ish,a, úuiqï kqjKska hq;= j isÿ lsÍfuka u meyeÈ,s jkqfha
;reK Ôú;fha wNsfhda. b;d id¾:l f,i ch .;a wdldrhhs'
fidf<dia yeúßÈ fh!jkhg t<ô l=urekag iqÿiq l=ußhl irK mdjd §ug msh
rc;=udfKda lghq;= iQodkï l<y' fuys § {d;s rcjreka l=uref.a Ys,am {dkh
ms<sn| j ielhla u;= l< fyhska" {d;Ska bÈßfha Ys,am ±laùug isÿy;a l=ure
ks¾NS; j bÈßm;a úh' tod fndfyda {d;Ska yuqfõ Okq Ys,amh" lvq Ys,amh" we;=ka yd
wiqka fufyhùu wdÈfhys ;ud ;=< mej;s iqúfYaI ksmqK;ajh l=ure úoyd mEfõ
Tjqka úiauhg m;a lrjñks' ta isÿy;a l=ureka ch .;a ;j;a wNsfhda.hls'
iajhxjrhlska iqÿiq l=, l=ußh f;dard .ekSfï tod mej;s isß;g wkqj l=udrhdfKda
iqm%nqoaO YdlH rcqf.a rEu;a ÈhKsh jQ NoaolÉpdkd fyj;a hfidaordj irK mdjd
.;ay' fh!jkfhl= f,i irK nkaOkh i|yd iqÿiq l=, l=ußhl f;dard .ekSfï §
nqoaêu;a f,i ;SrK .ekSu;a" fomd¾Yajfha u wdYS¾jdoh ueo irK ux.,Hh isÿ
lsÍu;a fhdjqka úfha ;reKfhl= uqyqK fok wNsfhda. fõ' fï wjia:dfõ fndai;a
l=ure l%shd l< wkaou fh!jkhkag wdo¾Yhls'
ish¨ udmshjrekaf.a wNs,dIh ;u mq;%hd f,dj Èkkq ±lSu h' ta ye`.=u iqfodjqka
uy rc;=ud ;=< o fkd wvq j mej;=Ks' ;u mq;a l=urd ilaú;s rc flfkl= jkq ±lau
msh rc;=udf.a tl u isyskh úh' Bg ndOl jk lsisjla l=ureg yuq fkdjkakg
msh rcf;fï lghq;= ie,iqfõ h' t;=ud rc l=url= f,i ish mq;=g Wiia ldufNda.S
Ôú;hla f.ùu i|yd .sïydk" fyauka;" jiaidk hk R;= ;=kg wkqrEm jk mßÈ
ruH" iqruH" iqN kñka iqfLdamfNda.S ud,s.d ;=kla lrjd ÿks' tu ud,s.d ;=< rEu;a
l=udßldfjda l=ure mskùu i|yd kegqï" .ehqï" jehqï meje;ajQy' .sysf.h iemj;a
ldufNda.S Ôú;hlg iqÿiq taldhk u. nj fmkaùug wjeis mßirh msh rc;=uka
úiska f.dv kxjkq ,en ;snqKs' tfy;a tfia rc iem ú£u l=urdf.a wruqK fkdù h'
Ôú;fha h:d¾:h;a úuqla;sh;a fidhd hdu l=uref.a wruqK jQfha h' ldufNda.S nj
yd rc iem l=ureg wNsfhda.hla úh'
b÷rka mskjñka w;Dma;slr j lïiem fidhd hk wh wo fuka u tl, o iq,N jQy'

tfy;a Tjqkg fkdfmfkk me;a;la fndai;dKkag fmksK' fï ish¨ iem iïm;a
2 fkdñf,a fnodyeÍu iòydh

;djld,sl nj ÿgq l=urdfKda iodld,sl iqjhla Wod lr .ekSfï wNsfhda.hg uqyqK
ÿkay¦ wkql%ufhka th ch.;ay' ;ud lrk ish¨ lghq;= ksje/È j uekeúka isÿ
lsÍu;a fndfyda lreKq is;d úuid n,d l%shdjg ke.Su;a fndai;a pß;h olakg
,efnk iqúfYaI ,laIKhls' fndai;a Wm; isÿù i;a Èklska uj uydudhd foaúh
l¨ßh l< nj wm okakd lreKls' i;H f,i u ienE ujq fifkyi wysñ jQj o
fndai;dfKda ta .ek u is;ñka ld,h .; fkd l<y' <ud úfhys;a ;reK úfhys;a
¥r olakd kqjKska hq;= j lghq;= lsÍug l=ure iu;a úh' uj wysñ jQ fndfyda orejka
Ôú;h wid¾:l lr .kakd wdldrh wms ±l we;af;uq' tfy;a fndai;a l=ureg th
Èkd.; fkdyels wNsfhda.hla f,i fkdfmkqKs'
jhiska yd kqjKska uqyql=rd h;a u ;ud .; lrk Ôú;h mQ¾K ;Dma;shg WmldÍ
fkdjk nj isÿy;a fndai;dfKda mila l<y' ud,s.dfjka msg; f,dalfha h:d¾:h
±lSug l=ureg wjYH úh' rc Whkg hdu m%sh l< l=urekag w;ru. § i;r
fmrksñ;s olakg ,enqKs' thska m%n, udkisl .eg¨jla we;s úh' i;r fmrksñ;s o
tajd yqfola ldhsl rEm f,i u fkdi,ld Ôú;fha h:d¾:h m%ldY lrk lreKq
f,i l=ure mila lr .;af;a h' ksiel j u f,dj Wmka i;a;ajhd jhig hdu"
f,v ùu yd ñh hdu fyj;a crd" jHdê" urK hk ÿla mSvdjkag ,la jk nj l=ure
jgyd .;af;a h' Wmka ish¨ i;a;ajhd fïjdg uqyqK mdkafka kï fïjdhska ñ§ug
u.la fiúh hq;= nj Pkak iu. l< idlÉPdfjka l=ure f;areï .;af;a h' ish¨
hi biqre ueo Èú f.jQ ;reKhl= jqj o úuis,su;a nj ksid u Ôú;fha h:d¾:h
hkq ;ud w;aú¢k Ôú;h fkdjk nj l=ureg wjfndaO úh' uy¨ ùu" f,v ùu
yd urKh iuia; i;a;aj m%cdjg u iir uqyqK §ug we;s wksjd¾h wNsfhda. nj
olsñka tajd ch .ekSug t;eka mgka l=ure lem jQ nj fmfka'
uy,a,l=" f,vl= yd u<l|la ±l Ôú;fha iajNdjh f;areï .ekSu yd WmYdka;

meúÈ rej ±lSfuka ikaiqka njg m;a ùu fndai;a isßf;a iqúfYaI isÿùuls' ksYaldó
ieye,a¨ meúÈ Ôú;hg we;=`M ùfuka idxidßl wNsfhda. ch .; yels nj l=ureg
wjfndaO jQfha fulS fmrksñ;s ±lSfuks' tu is;sú,a, u tÈk ieye,a¨fjka .;
lsÍug fya;= úh'
WmYdka; meúÈ rej .ek u is; fhduq lrñka isá fndai;=kg ud,s.fhka meñKs
mKsjqvlrefjl=f.ka wikakg ,enqfKa hfidaord foaúh mq;l= ,o njhs' túg u
meúÈ ùug ndOlhla we;s jQ nj isys ù rdyqf,da cdf;da nkaOkx cd;x hkqfjka
l=uref.a uqúka msg jQ nj i|yka fõ' orejl=f.ka fjka ùu msfhl=g myiq ld¾hhla
fkdfõ' th uy;a u jQ Ôú; nkaOkhls' ksYaldó jQ meúÈ Èúhg m;aùug is;kakl=g
wNsfhda.hls' ;u mq;Kqjka fjkqfjka .sys f.hs /÷Kfyd;a tjka mq;=ka iqjyila
iir ÿflys .sf,k nj jgyd .;a l=urdfKda ÿlska ñ§fï u. fidhd hdfï ;sr
wÈgfkys msysáfhda h' l=ure tu wNsfhda.hg o uqyqK § ch.;af;a h'

f;aciska imsß" tfy;a Ydka; jQ" ms%hxlr jQ" fndai;=kaf.a wkqmfïh rEm YS%h"
lsidf.da;ñh kï YdlH l=ußhf.a ksínq; mo ;=<ska meyeÈ,s fõ' tys § lshjqKq
fujka mqf;l= ,o ujla msfhla ksjqfKda fj;s hkak fndfyda mq;=kaf.ka foudmshkg
fkd ,efnk f.!rjhls' Nø fh!jkfha miqjk ;reKhl= ;=<ska n,dfmdfrd;a;=
úh fkdyels ;ekam;a iajNdjhla l=urd ;=< we;s jQfha <ud úfhys isg u h' iqÿiq
jhig iqÿiq foa lsÍu;a úuiqï kqjK;a ksid u l=ureg fndfyda wNsfhda. ch .;
yels úh' tfia u fujeks iajdñfhla we;s ìßh o ksùu ,en isákakshls hkafkka
l=urd hym;a iajdñfhl= f,i id¾:l hq. Èúhla f.k .sh nj meyeÈ,s fõ' lSlre
mqf;l= f,i;a" hym;a iajdñhl= f,i;a" isÿy;a l=ure .sys Ôú;h .; lsÍu iqúfYaI
,laIKfhls' WmYdka; meúÈ rej ±lSfuka meúÈ ùug l=uref.a isf;ys we;s jQ
we,au ta ksid u|l=ÿ fjkia fkdù h' wêIaGdkh iy ksje/È wruqK lrd .uka
lsÍug ndysr lsisjla ndOdjla lr fkd.ekSu fndai;a isßf;a Wodr ,laIKhls'
m%didoj,ska ìug fkdnei k¿ ks<shka msßjrdf.k lñka fndñka úfkdaoldó j

f.jk Ôú;fhys yrhla ke;s nj jgyd .;a fndai;=ka ;=< meúÈ ùfï we,au ±ä j
we;s úh' wo fuka u tod iudcfha o fndfyda ;reKhkag fkd,enqKq hi biqre
,enqj o ta ish,a, w¨hu Æ fl< ms`vla fia bj; ±óug l=uref.a wêIaGdkh m%n,
úh' ta ksid u t;=udg fndfyda wNsfhda. ch .; yels úh'

msh rc;=udKkaf.a tl u wNs,dIh jQfha ish mq;a l=urd ilaú;s rcl= lsÍu h' tfy;a
mq;a l=urdf.a wNs,dIh jQfha ish,a, yer oud f.dia meúÈ ùu h' ilaú;s rc j iem
ú¢kjdg jvd f,da i;=ka ÿlska uqojd .ekSu Wfoid ÿla ú£u fndai;=kag ms%h úh'
ilaú;s rcqg jqj o iifrys bmso cd;s" crd" jHdê yd urK wd§ ÿla fodïkiaj,g
uqyqK §ug isÿ fõ' ksjka u. fidhd .; fyd;a ;ud fuka u msh rc;=ud" iq¿ uj"
hfidaordj yd mq;a l=ure we;=¿ ish¨ f,da i;=ka iir ÿlska uqojd .; yels nj
isÿy;a l=urd f;areï f.k isá nj fmfka'
Nø fh!jkfha miqjkakl=g mialï iemh w;a yeÍu myiq lghq;a;la fkdfõ'

ilaú;s rclu o hfidaordj o mq;a l=ure o fndfyda iem iïm;a o w;a yeÍu l=ureg
uqyqK §ug isÿjQ úYd, wNsfhda. úh' tfy;a ;ud o ÿlska ñ§ f,dalhd o thska uqod
.ekSfï wêIaGdkh n,j;a jQ neúka l=urdfKda ta ish¨ wNsfhda.hka ch f.k uyd
wNsksIal%uKh l<y¦ meúoafol= ù i;Hh fidhd .shy' ih jirl ÿIalr Ôú;h o"
.=re weiqr o Tiafia úúO wNsfhda. ch .ksñka ;udf.a u mdró Yla;sh u; ish¨
flf,ia ke;s fldg" f,dõ;=rd nqÿ njg m;a ùug fndai;dfKda iu;a jQy'
fndai;a isß; ienE f,i u wNsfhda. /ilska msÍ mej;=Kls' ta ish,a, l=ure ch
.kq ,enqfõ bjiSu" lemùu yd wêIaGdkh uq,a fldg f.k h' oï wud jeiafika
f,da i;=ka ksjd iekish yels jQfha o ixidrfhka tf;r ùu hk wruqK bgq lr
.; yels jQfha o úuiqï kqjKska lghq;= lsÍfuks' wmg YsIH Ôú;fha wNsfhda.
ch .ekSug fndai;a isß; pß;dhkh l< yels h¦ wdo¾Yhg .; yels h' tu`.ska
wmg fndai;a orejka f,i ls%hd lsÍug wjYH udkisl mßirh f.dvkef.k nj
wjxl j u ms<s.; yels h'
idrdxYh
Wm;" Ys,am ye±Íu" fmrksñ;s ±lSu" ksínq; mo weiSu" mialï iqj w;a yeÍu" msh
rcqf.a wfmalaIdjka bgq lsÍu wdÈ úúO wNsfhda.j,g uqyqK §ug isÿy;a fndai;=kag
isÿ úh' lemùu" wêIaGdkh yd ksje/È .uka u. o Tiafia tu wNsfhda. ch .ekSug
t;=udfKda iu;a jQy' th wm ieug wdo¾Yhls'

ls%hdldrlu
01 zzisÿy;a fndai;=ka wNsfhda. ch .;a ieá’’ hk uefhka mdi,a ì;a;s mqj;a m;g
iqÿiq ,smshla ilia lrkak'
02 isÿy;a fndai;a pß;h weiqfrka my; i|yka j.=j iïmQ¾K lrkak'
wNsfhda.h wdo¾Yh
mqyqKqjg
wdrN: kslaLu: - hq[ac: nqoaO idifka

Oqkd: uÉpqfkda fiakx - k<d.drxj l=[acfrd
^wreKj;S iQ;%h&
wrUõ kslafuõ fhfoõ nqÿ iiqkays"
Èkõ urfika mrod ng le,hg jeÈ wef;l= fia'

02 kuÈuq w.huq uy i`.rejkd
mqrd jir wkQy;la wdhq YS% je<ª l< wr,sh ;ekak mqrdK úydrdêm;s j jev isá
w;s.re kdhl udysñmdfKda miq.sh od wmj;a ù jod<y' tod wm .ïudkh u ly
meye;s Oc m;dlhkaf.ka msrefKa .ï jeishkaf.a n,j;a fida iqiqï ueÈks' .ï
jeis ish,af,da wdodyk mQfcda;aijhg ieriqfKda h' .y fld< mjd ue,ù .shdla
jeks h' ysre ieÕù issáfha h' ishla jirlg wdikak ld,hla ;=< kdysñhka jevu
fkdl< ksjykla .ïudkfhys fkdù h' okg" nKg" msß;g" wjuÕ=,g jevujñka
wmg wd.ñl wdYS¾jdoh ksn| j ,nd ÿka Wka jykafia úydria:dkh o ish¨
úydrdx.hkaf.ka iïmQ¾K fldg f.dv kexùug odhl ldrld§kag u. fmkajQy'
wr,sh;ekak .ïudkh f.dú;ekska hefmk" wysxil .eñhka Ôj;a jQ ÿIalr

fmfoils' tu .ïudkh ;=< mej;s ÿIalr nj iukh fldg kj Ôjhla ,nd §ug
kdhl;ajh iemhQfõ wmj;a ù jod< wm kdhl udysñmdKka jykafia h' tfia u
Wka jykafia .fï úÿyf,a úÿy,am;s ysñhka f,i o jir ;syl ld,hla wkd.;
mrmqr yev.eiaùfuys ,d wñ, fufyhla bgq l<y'
uxudj;a bÈ lsÍu" we< fõ,s ieliSu" jej ms<silr lsÍu" ud;D ksjdihla .ug ,nd
.ekSu wd§ fndfyda iudc fiajhkays o ksr; jQ kdhl udysñmdKka jykafiaf.a
fufyh w.hñka wdodyk mQfcda;aijfha § odhl iNdj úiska m;%sldjla fnod fok
,È' wr,sh;ekak uy úÿyf,a j;auka úÿy,am;s;=ud úiska rÑ; tys fufia i|yka
úh'
úydrdêm;s yssñkul" úÿy,am;s ysñkul iy .eñ m%cd kdhlfhl= o f,i

buy;a fiajhla isÿ l< kdhl udysñhka jykafia jpkfha mßiudma;d¾:fhka u
is,aj;a nqoaO mq;%fhls' wd.ñl" idudcsl" wOHdmksl yd cd;sl fufyjrl fhÿK
Wka jykafiaf.a pß;h j;auka .sys meúÈ fomd¾Yajhg u wdo¾Y /ila imhkakls'
ixidr.; ÿlska ñ§ ksjka mila lr.kq msKsi ñksidg u. fmkajkq ,nkafka uyd
ix> r;akh úisks' nqÿrcdKka jykafia úiska iajlSh Y%djlhka y÷kajk ,oafoa
NslaLq kdufhks' wd¾h Y%djl NslaIq iuQyh we;=<;a iudch ix> iudch fyj;a NslaIq
iudchhs' miaj. ;jqika uyK ùfuka werUqK th wo olajd u wLKav j fkdkeiS
mj;S' ±kg f,dj mj;sk merKs u meúÈ ixúOdkh o fuhhs' ;ud ks¾jdKh
wjfndaO lr .ekSu msKsi;a" wka whg tu u. fmkaùu msKsi;a ;u Ôú;h lem
l< NslaIQka jykafia,d wmg lsis f,ilskaj;a wu;l l< fkdyels h' ix> r;akh

fj;ska .syshdg bgq jk fufyh wmuK h' óg fyd| u ksoiqk jkqfha wfma kdhl
ysñmdKka jykafia h'
fn!oaOfhda Wmf;a isg urKh olajd ish¨ iqúfYaI wjia:dj, § ix> r;akfha
wdYS¾jdoh m%d¾:kd lr;s' .eìks ud;djkag wx.=,sud, msß; foaYkd lr wdYS¾jdo
lsßfï mgka orejdg kï ;eîu" b÷,a lg .Eu" ckau Èk ieureï" wl=re lshùu isÿ
lf<a wm kdhl ysñhkaf.a uQ,sl;ajfhks' úNd.j,g fmkS isàu" /lshdjg hdu"
wdjdy újdy ùu we;=¿ Ôú;fha úúO jeo.;a wjia:djkays oS wdYS¾jdo lsÍu;a" odkuh
msxlï" msß;a msxlï" O¾u foaYkd" fndaê mQcd" wdikak O¾u foaYkd meje;aùu;a
kdhl udysñmdKka jykafia bgqlf<a uy;a lreKd ohdfjks'

wfma .fï ux., W;aij wjia:djkays § fn!oaO pdß;% isÿ lrkq ,enqfõ o kdhl
iajdóka jykafiaf.a ueÈy;a ùfuks' we;eï úg ux., W;aij i|yd iqN uqyq¾;
ilia lsÍu o kdhl udysñhka w;ska isÿ úh' wdjdy újdy ux.f,da;aij Èkg
fmr Èk nqoaO mQcd mj;ajd uy iÕ rejk fj; odkh mQcd lsÍu o jeo.;a fn!oaO
pdß;%hls' tjeks wjia:dj, id¾:l hq. Èúhla .; lsÍu Wfoid wjjdo wkqYdikd
,nd § fi;a msrs;a foaYkd lsÍu o kdhl udysñmdKka jykafiaf.ka isÿ úh'
wjux., wjia:djkays § uyd ix>r;akh úiska wd.ñl j;dj;a isÿ lrkq ,enqfõ o
kdhl udysñmdKka jykafiaf.a m%Odk;ajfhks' ñh .sh ;eke;a;d fjkqfjka msx
meñKùug wu;r j ÿlg m;a {d;Skag wks;H" ÿlaL yd wkd;au hk iajNdjhka
meyeÈ,s lrñka idr.¾N wkqYdikd meje;aùfï wmQre l=i,;djla wm udysñmdKka
;=< ;sìKs'
wr,sh;ekak .ïudkfha jeisfhda úúO wruqKq fmr±ß lrf.k msxlï ixúOdkh

l<y' tajd mkai," mdi," ksji yd /lshd ia:dk wd§ l=uk ia:dkhl meje;ajqj o
uQ,sl isß;a úß;aj, fjkila isÿ fkdù h' ish,af,ys WmfoaYkh yd u. fmkaùu
isÿ jQfha kdhl ysñmdKka jykafiaf.ks' msxlï u.ska fn!oaOhd n,dfmdfrd;a;=
úh hq;af;a f,daN" oafõY" fuday hk wl=i,a uq,a l%ufhka ;=kS lr .ekSu nj
Wka jykafia O¾udkql+, j fmkajd ÿkay'
msxlï ms<sn| pdß;%" jdß;% bgqlsÍu " mú;% j" l%uj;a j" ixúOdkd;aul j" olskakka
;=< Y%oaOdj Wmojñka lghq;= lsÍu jeks fndfyda foa wmg yqre mqreÿ jQfha mkai,
weiqre lsÍfuks' l=uk wkaofï msxlulska jqj;a Wmokd Y%oaOdj" lreKdj yd ffu;%sh
jeks m%n, Ñ;a; Yla;s ñksid ;=< cks; lrjk nj kdhl ysñhka fmkajd ÿkafka
nqoaO ld,Sk f;dr;=re fuka u kQ;k ksoiqka o weiqßks'
.ï jeishka iduldó ±yeñ Èú meje;aulg fhduq lsÍug kdhl;ajh f.k l%shd

lrkq ,enqfõ wfma kdhl iajdóka jykafia h' .sys meúÈ iïnkaOh wfkHdakH
jYfhka bgq úh hq;= hq;=lï ud,djla u; /£ mj;sk nj nqÿ oyu weiqfrka
Wka jykafia meyeÈ,s lr ÿkay' meúÈ W;=uka úiska .sys ckhd fjkqfjka bgq l<
hq;= ld¾hNdrh ;=<ska w¾:j;a jkafka o ix> r;akfha iudc fufyjrhs' nqoaO
foaYkdj mßÈ u .syshdf.a fuf,dj fuka u mrf,dj ys; iqj msKsi udkj ys;jd§
úúO iudc fiajdjka o kdhl ysñhka úiska wdrïN lr mj;ajd f.k hk ,È'
wirK jQ jeäysáhka Wfoid mj;ajd f.k .sh jeäysá ksjdih" wdndê;hka Wfoid
wdndê; irK fijK" wd¾Ól wmyiq;d we;s mdi,a orejka Wfoid YsIH;aj moku"
msysgla fkdue;s wdndê; rKúrejka Wfoid jQ rKúre fijK wd§ iudc fiajd
wdh;k úydria:dkhg wkqnoaO j msysgqùug mqfrda.dó jQfha Wka jykafia h' ;reK
;reKshka i|yd mj;ajd f.k wd WmfoaYk fiajh o" fcHIaG mqrjeis ffjoH
idhkh o Wka jykafia isÿ l< iudc fiajdjkaf.ka lsysmhls' kdhl udysñhka

úiska ;ud i;= ish¨ iïm;a iïmQ¾Kfhka u mdfya fhdojkq ,enqfõ fun÷ i;a
ld¾hhka fjkqfjks'
.ï jeishkag úm;la isÿ jQ iEu wjia:djl § u wmf.a kdhl udysñhka md .ukska u

tu ia:dkj,g jevu lf<a Èjd ? fkdn,d h' l÷" fy,a" .sß" YsLr fkd;ld wjeis
;ekg jevu fldg w¾:fhka O¾ufhka wkqYdikd lsÍu Wka jykafiaf.a isß; h'
.u ;=< isÿ jQ úúO wOd¾ñl l%shd kj;d ±óu;a" mjq,a wdrjq,a úi£u;a kdhl
udysñhka isÿ lf<a buy;a lreKdfjks' .%du ks,Odß;=udg úi¢h fkdyels jQ
fndfyda .eg¨ kd ysñhka úiska úi|kq ,enqfõ b;d nqoaêu;a f,i h' l=, orejka
rdYshla iiqka .; lr ;uka jykafia lrf.k wd fufyjr bÈßhg;a f.k hdug
l< u. fmkaùu o w;súYsIag h' ish¨ u YsIH h;sjrhka jykafia,dg Wka jykafia
msfhl= n÷ jQy'
m%foaYfha .rd jegqKq fjfyr úydr m%;sixialrKh Wfoid o Wka jykafia wmuK
fjfyila ±rE nj fkd ryils' th Wmdil" Wmdisldjka fjkqfjka ix> iudcfhka
bgq úh hq;= hq;=lula f,i Wka jykafia ie,l+y' wmj;a jQ kdhl udysñhkaf.a
iudc fufyjr .ug muKla iSud jQjla fkdfõ' th cd;sl fufyjrla o úh'
ihqre r< fm< f.dvìu wdl%uKh l< iqkdñ wjia:dfõ § Wka jykafia fmruqK
f.k l%shd lf<a kshu ix> ms;DjrhdKka jykafia kula f,i h' odkm;shka
yd wkq.%dyl Nj;=kaf.a wdOdr Wmldr we;s j wirK jQ ck;dj wrnhd m%cd
i;aldr rdYshla u lsÍug kdhl udysñhkag yels jQfha Wka jykafia ;=< mej;s
wd;aud¾:hg jvd mrd¾:h W;=ïh hk is;sú,a, ksid h' tys § cd;s wd.ï l=, fNao
lsisjla fkdie,l+ Wka jykafiaf.a fiajh ldg;a tl iudk úh' iqkdñh ksid
foudmshka wysñ jQ l=, orejka mia fofkl=g W;=ï Ydik udj; újr jQfha o Wka
jykafia ;=< mej;s fuu W;=ï .=Kh fya;=fjks'
.syshd ñ:Hdfjka uqojd i;Hh lrd fhduq lsÍfï iudc kdhl;ajh mejÍ ;sfnkafka
uyd ix>r;akhg nj f;areï .;a kdysñfhda fn!oaO idrO¾u wjjdofhka fuka u
wdo¾Yfhka o fmkajd ÿkay' fhdjqka iudch idrO¾u fj; fhduq fldg hy u.g
.ekSug Wka jykafia ;=< jQfha buy;a Woafhda.hls' jeäysáhka fjkqfjka úúO
iñ;s iud.ï mj;ajd f.k hñka .=K oyï j¾Okhg u. fmkajQfha ish,a,ka u
flfrys Wka jykafia ;=< mej;s wkqmfïh wkqlïmdj yd fu;a is;=ú,s ksid h'
úÿy,am;sjrfhl= jQ kdysñfhda orejkaf.a wOHdmk lghq;= flfrys uy;a Wkkaÿjla

±lajQy' m%d:ñl mdi,la jQ wfma .fï mdi, wo uy úÿy,la njg m;a ù we;af;a
wmj;a ù jod< kdhl ysñhkaf.a wm%;sy; ffO¾hh ksid u h' tA ;=<ska foia úfoia
iqm;, úoaj;=ka ìysùu ms<sn| j Wka jykafia isysm;a lrkq ,enqfõ uy;a i;=áks'
oyï mdi, wdrïN lr oyï wOHdmkh ;=<ska o kdysñfhda fn!oaO orejka yev
.eiajQy' ±yeñ .;s .=Kj,ska fmdaIKh jQ <ud mrmqrla ìys lsÍug Wka jykafiag
yels jQfha tneúks'

wmj;a ù jod< kdhl udysñmdKka úiska ish wdpd¾hmdohdKka jykafia isys lsÍu
Wfoid wdrïN lrkakg fhÿK msßfjk YsIH NslaIQka jykafia,df.a wOHdmkh
Wfoid ±,a jQ ñKs mykla úh' m%dÖk NdId ms<sn| ksmqKfhl= jQ Wka jykafia
ksr;=re j u ish isiqka o tA i|yd fhduq l<y' meúÈ m`äjre /ila tA ;=<ska cd;shg
u odhdo jQy'

úydria:dkfha mj;ajd f.k hkq ,nk zioyï u.Z fmr mdi, .ek o kdhl
udysñmdKka jykafia úiska úfYaI wjOdkhla fhduq lrk ,È' f;rejk weiqfrka
f,dj olsk orejd wkd.;fha § ys;ldó mqrjeisfhl= jk nj Wka jykafia ;rfha
úYajdi l<y' wmj;a ù jod< kd ysñhka fj;ska isÿ jQ fufyh ixLHd;aul j .Kkh
l< fkdyels h' Wka jykafia ksr;=re j u .syshdf.a f,!lsl Y=N isoaêh i|yd
fuka u wdOHd;añl ixjrh i|yd o u. fmkajQy' mkai, yd .u w;r wfkHdakH
jYfhka ne`§u w;HjYH nj Wka jykafia ksr;=re j l,amkd l<y¦ tA i|yd u.
fmkajQy' tu ne£u .sys meúÈ fomlaIhg u fnfyúka M,odhS úh' úydria:dkh
fuka u .u o ixj¾Okh lrñka NslaIq kdhl;ajh hgf;a iyÔjkfhka l%shd
lsÍug .ï jeisfhda o tu.ska fm<UqKy'
kdhl udysñhka fmkajQ u. jäk Wka jykafiaf.a YsIH h;sjrhka jykafia,df.ka o

tA uyd fufyjr wm fjkqfjka bÈßhg bgqjkq we;' fï ish¨ iudc ld¾hhkays
§ kdhl fjkqfjka ysñhka fj; t,a, jQ wNsfhda. o wmuK h' ta iEu úg u
Wka jykafia /l .kq ,enqfõ uyd mjqrla f,iska jg jQ ck;dj úisks' to;a wo;a
fkdìh j ùfrdaodr fikam;shka f,i m%n, iudc fiajdjkays fhfok uyd ix>
r;akh /l .ekSu .sys wmf.a m%n, hq;=luls' Wka jykafia,d wmf.a l=, foúfhda
fj;s'
nUrd u, fkd;,d frdka .kakd fia NslaIQka jykafia iudchg nrla fkdjk
wdldrfhka ie±yej;=kaf.a m%;H myiqlï w;sYhska ldreKsl f,i ,nd .; hq;=
hehs nqÿrcdKka jykafia jod<y' wfma kdhl udysñfhda Bg lÈu wdo¾Yhls'
wr,sh;ekak .ïudkh iduldó iyÔjkfhka hq;a fid÷re .ï mshila njg m;a
jQfha kdhl udysñhkaf.a nqoaê uysuh ksid h' .syshd múka j<lajd msfkys msysgqjñka
fuf,dj muKla fkdj mrf,dj o iqÅ; uqÈ; lr§u Wfoid ksr;=re j l%shd lrkq
,enQ wfma kdhl udysñhkag" ;uka jykafia l< l=i,dkqNdjfhka o wm úiska isÿ
lrkq ,enq ish¨ msx uysufhka o wuduy ksjka iqj w;afõjdæ

idrdxYh
Y%S ,dxlsl i`. rejfkys iudc kdhl;ajh yd wd.ñl" cd;sl fufyjr w;súYsIag h'
mqoa.,fhl=f.a Wmf;a isg urKh olajd iEu jeo.;a wjia:djl § u u. fmkaùu
yd wdYS¾jdo ,nd fok uyd ix> r;akh /l .ekSu wmf.a hq;=lula nj ±k ye¢k
l%shd l< hq;= h'

l%shdldrlu
01' NslaIQka jykafia,df.a meje;aug .syshd odhl úh hq;= wdldrh fmkajd

foñka rpkhla ,shkak'
02' ix> r;akfhka isÿ jk wd.ñl" idudðl yd cd;sl fiajdjka ;=k ne.ska
fjk fjk u ,shkak'

03 f;rejk .=K ye¢k .ksuq
wm mdif,a m%sh;u isiq yuqqj jkafka fn!oaO YsIH ix.uhhs' tys idudðl;ajh
ork isiq isiqúfhda YslaIdldó fj;s¦ úkh .rel fj;s' Tjqkaf.a wkd.;h yev
.eiaùfuys,d thska isÿ jk fufyh wmuK h' iEu uil u mqkafmdfyda Èkg fmr
Èk fn!oaO ix.uh /iaùu isß;ls' tys § oyï lreKq ms<sn| úfYaI idlÉPdjla o
meje;a fõ' miq .sh i÷od fjila mqkafmdfyda Èkg fmr Èkh úh' tÈk mdif,a
O¾udpd¾h iajdóka jykafia úiska kshñ; O¾u idlÉPdj fufyhjk ,È'
iajdóka jykafia (-¡
fndai;a ÿfõ" mqf;a" fuf;la f,dj my< jQ fYa%IaG;u Ydia;DDka jykafia f,dõ;=rd
wuduEKs nqÿrcdKka jykafiahs' óg jir 2600lg by; isÿy;a fndai;dKka jykafia
fjila mqka fmdfyda Èk nqÿ nj ,enqjd' tÈk nqoaO" Oïu hk r;ak fol f,dj
my< jQ nj Tn okakjd' tA jdf.au wei< mqka fmdfyda Èk ix> r;akh f,dj we;s
jQ nj o Tn okakd lreKla' fn!oaOfhl= ùfï m<uq mshjrhs f;rejk irK hEu'
fn!oaOhd i;= wñ, jQ udKslH f;rejkhs' f;rejk irK hEu foúhl=" n%yauhl=
fyda .e,jqïlrejl=f.ka msysg me;Sug jvd yd;amiska u fjkia jQjla' tys moku
Y%oaOdjhs' f;rejk .=K ±k we;s lr .kakd meye§u Y%oaOdjhs' Y%oaOdj;a m%{dj;a
uq,alr f.k wm f;rejk irK hd hq;= h' f;rejk .=K fufkys lsÍfï myiqj
i|yd" ta wkka; jQ uyd .=K iuqodh leá lr fmkajd § ;sfnk nj Tn fyd¢ka okakjd'
fï idlÉPdj Tng fndfydu jeo.;a fõú' fuhg fyd¢ka ijka fokak' fyd¢ka
iyNd.s jkak' Tng we;s jk .eg¨ úuikak' wyk m%Yakj,g ms<s;=re fokak'
je/ÿKdg lula keye' je/§u ;=<ska ksje/È foa wjfndaO lr .kak bv ,efnkjd'
±ka wms O¾u idlÉPdj mgka .ksuq' nqÿrcdKka jykafia nqoaO r;akh f,i
y÷kajkafka wehs lsh, iqNd ÿjg lshkak mq¿jka o@
iqNd ( nqÿrcdKka jykafia f,dj Wmka fYa%IaG;u

Ydia;DDka jykafia jk ksid' Wka jykafiaf.a
w.h w¾:j;a lsÍug nqoaO r;akh fyj;a
nqÿ rejk f,i y÷kajkq ,nkjd'
iajdóka jykafia ( nqoaO r;akfha .=K isys lrk —b;smsfida˜ mdGfha

.=K lShla fmkajd § ;sfnkjd o@

nqoaêl ( .=K rdYs" .=K l÷ kjh hs'
iajdóka jykafia ( ta nqÿ .=K fudkjd o@
;dreld ( wryx" iïud iïnqoafOda" úÊcdprK iïmkafkda"

iq.f;da" f,dalú¥" wkq;a;rmqßioïu idrÒ"
i;a:d foaj ukqiaidkx" nqoafOda" N.jd'
iajdóka jykafia ( nqÿ.=K lshfjk ta moj, f;areu fï orefjda

okakjd o@
isiqka ( tfyuhs" iajdóka jykai'
iajdóka jykafia ( nqÿ.=K Tfí Ôú;hg wdo¾Yhla lr .kak mq¿jka o@
nqoaêl ( mq¿jka' uu leue;s zwryxZ .=Khg'
iajdóka jykafia ( fndfydu fyd|hs' wms n,uq zwryxZ .=Kfha

w¾:h'
nqoaêl ( nqÿrcdKka jykafia ish¨ flf,iqkaf.ka

ÿre jQ fyhska o" ryiska j;a mõ fkdl< fyhska o
ish¨ mQcdjka ,eîug iqÿiq jQ fyhska o
—wryx˜ kï jk fial'
iajdóka jykafia ( fndfydu fyd|hs ÿfõ" mqf;a" flf,ia lshkafka

isf;a ls,sá .;s" ÿ¾j,;d' mD:.ack ish¨ fokd ;=< u
ÿ¾j,;d ;sfnkjd' fudkjd o fï flf,ia - ÿ¾j,;d@
fiamd,sld ( f,daN" oafõY" fuday iy tajd uq,a lr.;a múgq is;sú,s'
nqoaêl ( bjiSu fkdue;slu'
iqkS;d ( B¾IHdj" ffjrh" fl%daOh yd m<s.ekSu jf.a foaj,a'
iajdóka jykafia ( ms<s;=re ksje/È hs¦ Th ish¨ u ÿ¾j,;d wm ;=<

mj;skjd' ;j;a úÈhlg lshkjdkï tAjd wmg je<f|k
frda.' wm ;=< we;s fï frda. md,kh lr .; yels kï"
mõ lrkakg wm fm<fUkafka keye' wjxl j u flf,ia
md,kh lr .kak ´kE' wm lrk lshk ish,a, msßisÿ

Èh n÷kla jf.a úksúo fmfkkakg ´kE' mõ fkdlrk
wh iudcfha f.!rjhg md;% fjkjd' ryiska j;a mõ
fkdlrkjd hkq wjxl ùuhs' tjeks wh .ek iudcfha
úYajdih f.dvkef.kjd' tn÷ W;=uka f.!rjhg md;%
fjkjd' mQcdjg iqÿiq fjkjd' ie,ls,s" i;aldr" iïudk
,nd.kak wms leue;shs' tfy;a fïjdg iqÿiq flkd ljqo
hkak fyd¢ka is;d ne,sh hq;a;la' Tn ye¢kajQ flf,ia
l%ufhka wvq lr f.k lghq;= l< yels kï zzwryx˜
.=Kh Tfí pß;hg tl;= lr .; yelshs' Th orefjda
okakjfka nqÿ.=Kd,xldrh lshk fmd; .ek' wryx nqÿ
.=Kh nqÿ.=Kd,xldrfha § lúfhka lsh, ;sfhkafka
fufyuhs'

ryi;a mõ fkdfldg
flf,irhkq;a ÿre fldg
ksis jQfhka mqog
wry hk ku lsh;s uqks÷g
nqoaêl (- nqÿ.=K kjh u wmg wdo¾Yhg .kak mq¿jka fka o

wfma yduqÿrejfka@
iajdóka jykafia (- Tõ' nqÿ.=K kjhla fkdfjhs" .=K rdYs kjhla' nqoaO
r;akfha .=K wkka;hs' nqÿ.=K pß;dhkh lsÍfuka
isiqka jk Tng;a" .=rejreka jk wmg;a wm ;=< we;s
fjk ÿ¾j,;d md,kh lr .; yels hs' Tn ys;kj o
tfyu lrkak mq¿jka lsh,@
lreKd (- tfyuhs wfma yduqÿrejfka" O¾u r;akfha .=K;a wmg

wdo¾Yhg .kak mq¿jka fka o @
iajdóka jykafia ( fndfydu fyd| m%Yakhla' lreKdf.a Wkkaÿj;a w.h

lrkak ´kE' O¾u r;akfha .=K lshfjk mdGh;a
okakj o Th orefjd'
;drl ( tfyuhs iajdóka jykai' iajdlaLdf;da N.j;d Oïfuda"

ikaÈÜÀflda" wld,sflda" tAys miaisflda" ´mkhsflda"
mÉp;a;x fõÈ;ífnda ú[aüyS;s'
iajdóka jykafia ( ta mdGhg wkqj oyï.=K lSho @

fiamd,sld ( yhhs iajdóks" ug ta .=K yfha u f;areu lshkak
mq¿jka'
iajdóka jykafia ( fndfydu fyd|hs' f;areu ±k .;a;g uÈ' tu .=K

weiqßka Tn ;=< .=K oyï j¾Okhla we;s lr
.kakg;a ´kE' m<uq j wms ikaÈÜÀflda .=Kh úuid
n,uq'
fiamd,sld (- ;ud úiska u ms<smeo weia mkdmsg fuf,dj § u

m%;sM, ±l .; yels neúka O¾uh ikaÈÜÀlhs'
iajdóka jykafia ( tu .=Kh weiqßka Tn ;=< .=K oyï j¾Okh lr

.kafka fldfydu o@
;drl (- jeäysá wjjdo wkqYdikd ms<sme§fuka'
nqoaêl ( fyd¢ka mdvï lr úNd.hg ksje/È ms<s;=re ,sùfuka'
Oïñl (- ksje/È isß;a ms<sme§fuka'
nqoaêl ( idrO¾u wkqj yev .eiSfuka'

iajdóka jykafia ( fndfydu fyd|hs orejfka' Tn fyd| nqoaêu;a msßila'
ks;sm;d oyï mdi,a hdfuka oyï.=K Ôú;hg tla
lr .kak mq¿jka' nqÿrcdKka jykafia fmkajd
ÿkafka wdñihg jvd m%;sm;a;sh W;=ï njhs' Tfí
ms<s;=re ish,a, u ms<smeÈh hq;= lreKq' ys;g tlÕ j
tA wkqj lghq;= lsÍfuka hym;a m%;sM, ,nd .;
yels hs' Tn hymf;ys yeisfrkjd kï" Tng hym;a
m%;sM, w;a olskak mq`Mjka' i÷ka .i lmkak lmkak
iqj|hs' tA jf.a ksje/È foa ms<s.ekSfuka ;udg u
fyd| m%;sM, fuf,dj § u ,nd .kak mq¿jka' óg
jir 2600lg fmr nqÿrcdKka jykafia foaYkd l<
O¾uh kQ;k úoHd {dkh;a wNsnjd f.dia ;sfnkjd'
úuiqï kqjKska hq;= j O¾uh yodrk úg wmg u th
jgyd .kak mq`Mjka'
lreKd ( nqÿ.=K jf.a u O¾u r;akfha .=K;a wkka;hs

fka o iajdóka jykai@

iajdóka jykafia ( fndfydu yß' nqÿrcdKka jykafia úiska u ;u .=re
;k;=frys zO¾u r;akhZ ;nd .ekSfuka tys ;sfnk
iqúfYaI;ajh meyeÈ,s fjkjd' oyï.=K isysm;a
lrñka tu .=K weiqßka Tfí .=K keK ÈhqKq lr
.kak W;aidy lrkak' túg Tn idrO¾u rlsk
orefjl= fõú'
;drl ( nqoaO r;akh" O¾u r;akh jf.a u ix> r;akh;a wmg

fndfydu jákj fka o iajdóka jykai@
iajdóka jykafia ( ;drlg tfyu ysf;kafka wehs@
;drl ( ixidr.; ÿlska tf;r ùu Wfoid nqÿrcdKka

jykafia úiska fmkajd fokq ,enQ fYa%IaG m%;sm;a;s
ud¾.fhys .uka lrk wd¾h Y%djl jykafia,d ;uhs
uyd ix> r;akh'
fiamd,s ( Y%S ioaO¾uh wdrlaId fldg mj;ajd f.k tafuka uyd

ix> r;akh úYd, j.lSula bgqlr ;sfnkjd' ±kg;a
tA j.lSu bgq lrkjd'
iajdóka jykafia ( fndfydau fyd|hs' tfyu kï wms B<.g uyd ix>

r;akfha .=K úuid n,uq' iqmámkafkda mdGh ta i|yd
Wojq lr .ksuq' thg wkqj .=K lShla ;sfnkjd o@
nqoaêl ( iÕ.=K kjhhs wfma yduqÿrejfka' iqmámkafkda"

Wcqmámkafkda" [dhmámkafkda" idóÑmámkafkda"
wdyqfkhsfhda" mdyqfkhsfhda" olaÅfKhsfhda"
wxc,slrKSfhda" wkq;a;rxmq[a[lafL;a;x f,daliai

iajdóka jykafia ( fndfydau fyd|hs" fiamd,s lshkak n,kak
ziqmámkafkdaZ .=Kh lshkafka l=ula o lsh,d'
fiamd,s ( uyd ix> r;akh ukd jQ ms<sfj;a mqrk ksid

ziqmámkakZ kñka y÷kajkjd'
Oïñl ( ms<sfj;a lshkafka m%;sm;a;sfk' ukd jQ ms<sfj;a

lshkafka wfma yduqÿrejfka@
iajdóka jykafia ( orejfka uyd ix>r;akh rlsk m%;sm;a;s ish¨ foõ

ñksiqka rlsk m%;sm;a;sj,g jvd Wiia' i`.rejk
idufkar ld,fha § idufkar iS,h rlskjd¦ Wmiïmod
jqKdg miafia Wmiïmod iS,h rlskjd¦ fndfyda úkh
YslaIdjka rlskjd¦ NslaIQka jykafia,df.a ffoksl
ld¾hhka isÿ fjkafka úkh YslaIdjkag wkql+, j'
ukd jQ ms<sfj;a lshkafka fukak fï m%;sm;a;s ud,dj'
ksjka mila lsÍug wjYH jk ukd jQ ms<sfj;a rlsk
neúka i`. rejk iqmámkak kï fjkjd' fuh ix>
r;akhg iqúfYaIS jQ .=Khla'
lreKd ( tajd .sys wmg iïnkaO jkafka fldfydu o

iajdóka jykai@
iajdóka jykafia ( mdi,a isiqka jk Tng /lsh yels m%;sm;a;s rdYshla

;sfnkjd' m%Odk jYfhka .syshdg wh;a ks;H iS,h
jk m[ap iS,h wdrlaId lsÍfuka ksjfia i;=g
iu.sh /flkjd jf.a u Ôú; wdrlaIdj" foam<
wdrlaIdj" mjq,a Ôú;fha YsIag;ajh" úYajdih" ukd
isys nqoaêh yd fi!LH wdrlaIdj we;s jk nj Tn
okakjd' tmuKla o fkdfõ" wdÔj wIagul iS,h"
.Dyia: oiiS,h wdÈh;a .sysfhl=g /lsh yels
m%;sm;a;s' mdi,a orejka jQ Tn l=ur nUir" l=uß
nUir /lSu o b;d u fyd| m%;sm;a;shla' ujqmshkag"
.=rejrekag tA jf.a u jeäysáhkag lSlre ùu;a fyd|
ms<sfj;la'
iqNd ( iqmámkak jQ ix> r;akh /l .ekSfï j.lSu

;sfnkafka .sys odhlhskag fka o iajdóka jykai@

iajdóka jykafia ( fndfydau yß' YS% ioaO¾uh wdrlaId fldg mj;ajd f.k
hdfuka uy i`.rejk úiska úYd, j.lSula bgqlrkq
,nkjd' .sys mskaj;=ka Wka jykafia,d flfrys ffu;S%
iy.; j ls%hd l< hq;= hs' ix> r;akh f.!rjkSh j"
ióm j weiqre lrñka i`..=K weiqßka Ôú;do¾Y
,nd .kakjd jf.a u Ydiksl jpk o Ndú; lrñka
Wka jykafia,d weiqre l< hq;=hs'
lreKd ( f;rejfkys iQúis .=K u wmg pß;dhkh l<

yelshs fka o iajdóka jykai@
nqoaêl ( iQúis .=K wdo¾Yhg f.k ls%hd l< fyd;a ieneúka u

wmg fndai;a orejka úh yelshs'
iajdóka jykafia ( Tõ" mskaj;a orejfka" wjfndaOfhka hq;= j ffoksl j

f;rejk jkaokfhys fh§fuka Tfí Y%oaOdj ;j
;j;a j¾Okh fjkjd' Ôú;h;a id¾:l fjkjd'
nqoaêlf.a woyfia yeáhg fndai;a orejka ùfï
Nd.Hh túg Tng ,efíú' f;rejk .=K i|yka mdG
iÊ®dhkd lsÍu hd{d lsÍula fkdfõ' th Y%oaOdfjka
l< hq;a;la' thska irKla ,efnkafka" tu mdG u.ska
fmkajd fok w¾: f;areï f.k" wkq.ukh lsÍfuka
nj fyd|g isys ;nd .kak'
Oïñl ( biair ñksiaiq iajNdúl jia;= irK .sfha wkjfndaOh

ksid fka o iajdóka jykai@
iajdóka jykafia ( fndfydu yß' tajd irK hdfuka mqoa.,hdg ixidr.;

ÿlska ñÈh fkdyelshs' tneúka tu irK hdu W;=ï
irK hdula fkdjk nj nqÿrcdKka jykafia foaYkd
l<d' wd¾h i;Hh wjfndaO lr f.k iïmQ¾Kfhka u
ÿlska tf;r ùfï uxfm;a újr jkqfha f;rejk
irK hEfuka muKhs' tneúka f;rejk irK hEu
W;=ï irK hEula nj Oïumo .d:djlskq;a fmkajd §
;sfnkjd' wo wfma fn!oaO ix.ufha fndai;a ore±ßhka
jákd O¾u idlÉPdjl fhÿKd' f;rejfkys iQúis
.=K y÷kd .;a;d' idlÉPdjg fyd¢ka iyNd.s jqKd'
W;=ï fjila mqkafmdfyda Èkh fyg Wod fjkjd'

nqÿrcdKka jykafia wmg fmkajd ÿkafka wdñihg
jvd m%;sm;a;sh W;=ï njhs' m%;sm;a;s.rel iudchla
f.dvke.Sfï Ndr ¥r j.lSu Tn i;=hs' f;rejfkys
.=K iqj| isf;ys ord f.k fyg oji mqrdjg u
m%;sm;a;s mQcdfjys fhfokak' ñhhk ;=rdjg f;rejk
.=K wkqj yev .efikak' Y%oaOdfjka hq;= j tfia
ls%hd lsÍfuka Tng r;ak;%fha msysg ,efnkjd'
fï iEu fohlska u wm n,dfmdfrd;a;= jkafka
is;a i;ka msßisÿ lr .ekSu;a" msx /ia lr .ekSu;a"
wjidkfha § ksjka iqjh ,nd .ekSu;a nj bf.k
.kak' ta wkqj Tfí .=re fo.=re mskaj;a ieug;a"
fndai;a orejkag;a fjila mqka fmdfyda Èkfha Tn isÿ
lrk l=i,dkqNdjfhka fuf,dj mrf,dj fi;la u
fõjdæ ;uka m%d¾:kd lrk fndaêhlska ksjka iem
,nd .ekSug Nd.Hh Wod fõjdæ hs m%d¾:kd lruq'
idrdxYh
fuu mdvï tAllfhka f;rejfkys iQúis .=K iudf,dapkh fldg we;' fn!oaOhl=
ùfï m<uq mshjr jk f;rejk irK hdu wjfndaOfhka l< hq;= h' f;rejfkys
.=K Ôú;do¾Y njg m;a lr .ksñka mdi,a isiqka jk Tn Ôú;h ksje/È j
f.dvk.d .; hq;= h'
l%shdldrlu
O¾u r;akfha .=K weiqfrka my; i|yka j.=j iïmQ¾K lrkak'

.=Kh w¾:h wdo¾Yh

mejreu
ffoksl j;dj;ays fhfok úg f;rejka .=K mdG ksje/È j iÊ®dhkd lrkak'
mqyqKqjg
fmrhu nqoaOx irfKa .[a[hs

ueÈhu Oïux irfKa .[a[hs
w¨hu ix>x irfKa .[a[hs
;=kahug u ;=ka irfKa .[a[hs
nqoaOx irfKa isri ordf.k

Oïux irfKa is; myodf.k
ix>x irfKa isjqre ordf.k
b[a[hs ;=ka irfKa woydf.k
^;=kairKh&

04 l=i,a is;a jeä ÈhqKq lruq
wmf.a is; f,daN" oafõY" fuday wdÈ is;sú,sj,ska wmsßisÿ fjhs' jfrl ixjr fjhs'
jfrl wixjr fjhs' tfia jkafka isf;ys yg .kakd is;sú,s wkqj h' wmsßisÿ
is;sú,s ksid jpkh yd l%shdj whym;a jk w;r msßisÿ is;sú,s ksid jpkh yd
l%shdj hym;a fjhs' hym;g fh¥ is; wmf.a ujqmshka lrk hym;g jvd hym;la
isÿ lrk nj;a fkdu.g .sh is; i;=frl=g;a jvd whym;la isÿ lrk nj;a
nqÿrcdKka jykafia foaYkd lf<a tneúks' is; ls,sá lrk" l=i,a is;aj,g ndOd
lrk is;sú,s" kSjrK kñka ye¢kafõ' kSjrK myls' tajd isf;ys yg .ekSfuka
we;s jk iajNdjh my; ±lafjk l;d mqj;ska oek.; yelsh'
Èkla nqÿrcdKka jykafia fj; meñKs tla;rd n%dyauKfhlaa “iajdóks uu fndfyda

foa mdvï lr we;af;ñ' tfy;a ±ka tajd u;lhg k.d .; fkd yels h' thg fya;=j
l=ula ±hs’’ úuiS h' túg nqÿrcdKka jykafia hula u;lfhys r|jd .ekSug;a
kej; isyshg k.d .ekSug;a wmyiq jk wjia:d lsysmhla we;s nj Wmud u`.ska
fufia meyeÈ,s l<y'
c,hg hï lsis j¾Khla tl;= l< úg ta ;=< lsisjla fkdfmfka' tfia u isf;ys
ldu jia;= flfrys wdYdj nyq, j mj;S kï hym;a is;sú,s fyda W.;a foh u;lhg
fkdkef.a' ta lduÉPkaoh isf;ys l%shd;aul jk wjia:djhs'
c,h r;a ù W;=rk úg nqnq¿ kef.k c,fhys hula oelsh fkdyels h' tfia u
isf;ys ;ryj we;s úg o hula u;lhg k.d .; fkdyels h' jHdmdoh is; ;=<
l%shd;aul jk wjia:djhs ta'
c,fhys mdis we;akï tA ;=< lsisjla fkdfmfka' tfuka u isf;ys lfhys ksÈu;
.;sh" WodiSklu mj;S kï mdvï l< foh u;lhg fkdths' tA ksÈnr nj" WodiSk
lu ye¢kafjkafka ÒkñoaO lshd hs'
c,h le<ö we;akï" tys lsisjla fkdfmfka' tfuka u is; le<UqKq úg" fkdikaiqka
jQ úg u;lh wjÈ fkdfõ' WoaOÉp l=lal=Ép kñka ye¢kafjkafka ta fkdikaiqkalu
iy l< fkdl< foa ms<sn| we;sjk miq;eú,a,hs'
fndr c,fhys lsisjla meyeÈ,s j fkdfmfka' bka wm ;=< WmÈkafka ielhhs'

tfia u úúO lreKq ms<sn| isf;ys ielh fyj;a úÑlsÉPdj we;s úg u;lh wjÈ

fkdfõ' úÑlsÉPdj kï w;S; meje;au" wkd.; meje;au" w;S; yd wkd.; meje;au
wdÈh ms<sn| isf;a we;s ielhhs' jefkkiq¨ .;sh fyj;a w;SrKd;aul nj ñka
woyia flf¾' ielh we;s ;dla ksje/È wjfndaOhla fkd,efí'
fï is;sú,s my ksjk wdjrKh lrk" ksjka u. wjqrd ±óug fya;= jk neúka

kSjrK f,i ye¢kafjhs' fïjd hgm;a jk m%udKhg is; ixjr jk w;r" is;
ixjr jk m%udKhg kSjrK hgm;a fõ'
isf;ys iajNdjh yd is; ls,sá lrk is;=ú,s y÷kd .;a ;eke;a;d is; hymf;ys
fhdojhs' is;g mõ is;sú,s we;=¿ ùug bv fkdfohs' l=i,a is;sú,s j¾Okh lrhs' tA
i|yd mqreÿ l< hq;af;a Ndjkdjhs' nqÿ oyfuys b.ekafjk Ndjkdfjys mrud¾:h
jkafka hym;a wruqKl fyj;a l=i,a wruqKl is; tl`. lr .ekSuhs'
Ndjkdj iu: yd úo¾Ykd jYfhka fojoEreï h' iu:h hk jpkfhys f;areu is;
ikaiqka lsÍu" úisÍ we;s is; tla;eka lsÍu hkqhs'
zzNdfõ;s l=i, Oïfï wdfiaj;s jâfâ;s ta;dh;d;s NdjkdZZ
l=i,a oï jeä ÈhqKq lrk udkisl wNHdih Ndjkdjhs'
zzÑ;a;x ifï;S;s iuf:daZZ
is; ikaiqka lrkafka iu:hhs'
fuu iu: Ndjkdj is; ÈhqKq flfrk ksid Ñ;a; Ndjkdj hkqfjka o is; iudê.;
flfrk ksid iudê Ndjkdj hkqfjka o ye¢kafjhs' ta i|yd uq,ska u wm is,aj;a
úh hq;= h' YS,h is; ÈhqKq lsÍfï mokuhs' YS,h hkq wd¾h wIaGdx.sl ud¾.fha
iïud jdpd" iïud lïuka; yd iïud wdÔj wkqj yslaóuhs' YS,fhka hq;= j iudê
Ndjkdj i|yd fhduq ùfï § my; i|yka .=Kdx. o ta mqoa.,hd ;=< ;sìh hq;= h'
bkaøsh ixjrh ^wei" lk" kdih" Èj" YÍrh" uki hk bkaøsh

ixjr lsÍu&
i;s iïmc[a[ ^ys£u" isàu" weú§u wd§ ish¨ ls%hdjkays §

wjfndaOfhka hq;=ùu&
ika;=ÜÀ;d ^,o fohska i;=gq ùu&
iu: Ndjkdj jvk mqoa.,hd wdpd¾hjrfhl=f.ka Wmfoia ,nd .ekSu o wjYH fõ'
tys § ;udf.a pß;hg wkqj l¾uia:dkhla f;dard .; hq;= h' ta i|yd f;dard
.; yels wruqKq fyj;a l¾uia:dk y;<syls' ta iu i;<sia l¾uia:dk mqoa.,
pß; iajNdjh wkqj f;dard .; yels h' mqoa., pß; yhls' rd. pß;" fodai pß;"
fuday pß;" ioaOd pß;" nqoaê pß;" ú;lal pß; hkqfjks'

hï lsisfjl= l=uk pß;hlg wh;a ±hs ±k .kafka lreKq lSmhla i,ld ne,Sfuks'
is;k m;k wdldrh" reÑ wreÑlï" wej;=ï mej;=ï wdÈh wkqj úuid ne,Sfuka
flfkl= wh;a jk pß;h ;SrKh l< yels h' ta pß;h wkqj lugykla f;dard
.ekSug l¾uia:dk wdpd¾hjrfhl=f.a Wojq ,nd .; hq;= h' tjeks u. fmkaùula
fkd,nd ;udf.a wNsu;h mßÈ idruila uq`M,af,a Ndjkd fldg m%;sM, fkd,enQ"
ießhq;a ysñhkaf.a f.da, kula jQ" iaj¾Kldr kï ysñ kula wjidkfha nqÿrcdKka
jykafia <`.g meñKùfuka pß;hg iqÿiq lugykla ,nd fkdmud j ry;a M,hg
m;a jQ l:d mqj;la we;'
Ndjkdjg msúfik ;eke;a;d my; ±lafjk mQ¾j wjYH;d bgqlr .; hq;= nj o

nqÿ oyfuys olajd we;'
l,HdK ñ;% wdY%h - l=i,hg u. fmkajk" hym;g fhduq lrk ñ;=rka

weiqr
is,aj;a ùu - lh jpkh foflys ixjr nj
O¾u Y%jKh - ks;r ks;r O¾uh weiSu
ù¾hh - W;aidyfhka" lemùfuka l%shd lsÍu
m%{dj - úksúo olsk kqjK
hkqfjks'
ilauka bßhõj" isá bßhõj" jdä ù ys£u" je;sÍ isàu hk i;r bßhõfjka u
Ndjkd l< yels fõ' iu: Ndjkdj nqÿrcdKka jykafia f,dj my< ùug fmr
mgka Ndr;Sh fhda.Ska w;r Ndú; jQjls' ld,foaj, fyj;a wis; ;jqid Wiia OHdk
,dNsfhls' isÿy;a fndai;dfKda lsx l=i,.fõiS j isá ld,fha § yuq jqKq wd,dr
ld,du ;jqid ima; iudm;a;s ,dNsfhl= jQ w;r Woaolrdu ;jqid wIag iudm;a;s
,dNsfhl= úh' iu: Ndjkdj jeãfuka m[apdNs{d wIag iudm;a;s ,nd .; yels h'
tfia u ffoksl Ôú;hg o iu: Ndjkdfjka ,eìh yels m%fhdack /ils'
) f,daN" oafõY" fuday wdÈ flf,ia is;=ú,s md,kh fõ

) OdrK Yla;sh jeä fõ
) fmd; m; mdvï lsÍfï§ fjkodg jvd myiqjla ±fka
) isf;ys ;Dma;su;a iajNdjhla we;s fõ
) wiykh ke;s ù m%ikak fmkqula we;s fõ
) ldhsl frda. mSvd wvq ùfuka kSfrda.S fõ
) is; úisÍ hdug fkd§ tl`. lr .ekSug WmldÍ fõ
j¾;udk f,dalfha il, úO wmpdrhkag fya;= ù we;af;a ñksiqkaf.a úiqreKq

is;a h' ixlS¾K jQ;a" ld¾hnyq, jQ;a" fõ.fhka fjkia jkakd jQ;a f,dalfha hka;%
iq;% fuka l%shd lrk ñksidg h:d¾:h f;areï .ekSug ;sfnk wjia:d wvq h' fï
ksid uki úmÍ; fõ' úmÍ; uki udkisl wiykh Wmojhs' ñksid fkdu.g

fhduq lrkafka úmÍ; ukihs' ta uki ikaiqka lr .ekSug Ndjkdj Wmldr
fjhs' ±ka wms fujeks wkqiia we;s iu: Ndjkdjg wod< nqoaOdkqiai;sh fyj;a
nqÿ.=K Ndjkdj jeãug ierfiuq' wo wm Ndjkd lrkafka —iq.;˜ nqÿ.=Kh wruqKq
lrf.khs'
msúiSu
nqoaO m%;sudj bÈßmsg Ndjkd bßhõfjka jdäfjkak'

oE;a k<f,ys ;nd kuialdr mdGh lshd" f;rejk irK f.dia mkais,a
iudoka jkak'
jï w;a, u; ol=Kq w;a, isák fia oE;a ;nd .kak'
fyd¢ka yqiau by<g f.k th l%ufhka my<g fy,d lh ieye,a¨ lr
.kak'
m<uq mshjr
nqoaO m%;sudj foi fyd¢ka n,kak'

“iq.;’’ nqÿ.=Kh fufkys lrkak'
l%ufhka oEia mshdf.k nqoaO m%;sudj is;ska oelSug W;aidy .kak'
isf;ys we÷Kq nqÿrej foi n,d isáñka iq.; nqÿ.=K w¾:h ikaiqka j
kej; kej; isys lrkak'

fojk mshjr
isf;ys we÷Kq nqÿrej foi n,d isáñka my; i|yka mßÈ iq.; nqÿ.=Kh
kej; kej; isys lrkak'
^w& udf.a nqÿrcdKka jykafia wd¾h ud¾.fhys .uka l< fyhska

iq.; kï jk fial
iq.; kï jk fial
iq.; kï jk fial
^wd& udf.a nqÿrcdKka jykafia iqkaor jQ ks¾jdKhg iem;a jQ fyhska

iq.; kï jk fial
iq.; kï jk fial
iq.; kï jk fial
^we& udf.a nqÿrcdKka jykafia fof,djg u jev we;s hym;a jpk

mjik fyhska
iq.; kï jk fial
iq.; kï jk fial
iq.; kï jk fial
^wE& udf.a nqÿrcdKka jykafia wd¾h ud¾.h wkq.ukh l< fyhska o

ks¾jdKhg iem;a jQ fyhska o hym;a jpk we;s fyhska o
iq.; kï jk fial
iq.; kï jk fial
iq.; kï jk fial
wjidkfha"
nqÿ.=K udf.a is; ;=< /f|ajd
udf.a is; ikaiqka fõjd
.=K kqjK ÈhqKq fõjd
wdÈ jYfhka wêIaGdk lr .kak' foúhkag mska § Ndjkdj wjika lrkak'
iEu Èkl u WoEik wjÈ ùfuka miq fyda rd;%s kskaog hEug fmr fyda ál
fõ,djla nqÿ.=K Ndjkdj lsÍug mqreÿ jkak' fuys§ nqÿ.=K kjh ms<sn| w¾:h
mshjfrka mshjr bÈßhg fufkys lr Ndjkd l< hq;= h' tfia Ndjkdj Ôú;hg
mqreÿ lr .ekSfuka udkisl iqjh w;aú¢ñka wms Ôú;h id¾:l lr .ksuq'

idrdxYh
Ndjkdj hkq jeãuhs¦ l=i,a is;a jeãuhs' iu: yd úo¾Ykd jYfhka Ndjkdj
fojoEreï fõ' iu: Ndjkdj" Ñ;a; Ndjkdj yd iudê Ndjkdj f,i o ye¢kafjhs'
iu: Ndjkdj flf,ia hgm;a lr is; ikaiqka lrhs' mqoa.,fhda pß; j¾. yhlg
wh;a fj;s' wod< pß;h f;areï f.k Bg wod< j l¾uia:dk f;dard.; hq;af;a
l¾uia:dk wdpd¾hjrhl=f.a u. fmkaùfuks' l¾uia:dk 40 ls' iS,fhys msysgd
mQ¾j lD;H isÿ lsÍfuka Ndjkdj jeãu wdrïN l< yels h' fuu Ndjkdfjka
m[apdys{d wIag iudm;a;s Wmojd .; yels w;r fuf,dj Ôú;h o id¾:l lr
.; yels h'
l%shdldrlu
1' Ndjkd hk jpkfhys w¾: olajkak'
2' iu: Ndjkdj u.ska hgm;a flfrk kSjrK O¾u kï lr Bg nqÿrcdKka

jykafia ±lajQ Wmud bÈßfhka ,shkak'
3' mqoa.,hka wh;a jk pß; j¾. yh i|yka lrkak'
mejreu
iEu Èkl u iji iS,fhys msysgd foudmshka iu. u,amyka mQcd fldg f;rejk
keuo iqÿiq Ndjkdjl ksr; jkak' Èkm;d ;ud ,nk w;a±lSï fmd;l igyka
lr úIh Ndr .=re;=ñhg fmkajkak'

05 úoiqka jvkafkda we;s ;;=
olskafkda
tla lf,l wm nqÿrcdKka jykafia oUÈj ieje;a kqjr iómfha fÊ;jk kï jQ
wfkams`vq isgq;=udf.a wdrdufhys jev jik fial' tl,ays ukd meyem;a jQ fmkqula
we;s tla;rd foúfhla uOHu rd;%sfhys uq¿ uy;a fÊ;jkhu nnq¿jd Nd.Hj;=ka
jykafia fj; t<ôfha h' t<U Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia je| tl;amfil isá ta
foúf;fï Nd.Hj;=ka jykafiaf.ka m%Yakhla úuiqfõ h'
zzf.!;uhka jykai" we;=<; wjq,a h¦ msg; o wjq,a h' i;a;aj m%cdj wjqf,ka fj,S
isáhs' ljfrla kï fï wjq,a ksrjq,a lrkafka o@ZZ
túg nqÿrcdKka jykafia fufia jod<y'
—YS, ixjrfhys msysgd iudêh yd m%{dj o jvk" nqoaêu;a jQ" olaI jQ" flf,ia kik
ù¾hh we;s" úo¾Ykd m%{dfjka hqla; jQ ;eke;a;d fï wjq,a ish,a, ksrjq,a lr
.kafka h'˜
nqÿrcdKka jykafia úiska tod tu foú÷yg jod< by; i|yka woyi we;s .d:dfjka
lshefjk ish¨ wjq,a ksrjq,a lr .ekSu kï iir bm§u ^cd;s& uy¨ j Èrdm;a ùu
^crd& frda. mSvdjkag ,laùu ^jHdê& Ôú;h wjika ùu ûrKh& wdÈ jYfhka
±lafjk iir ÿlska tf;r ùu h' ksjka mila lr,Su h' th fn!oaOhka jk wmf.a
wjidk wruqKhs' tA i|yd m<uq j wm is,aj;a úh hq;= h' ndysr jQ ldhsl jdpisl
ixjrh we;s lr .; hq;= h' fojkq j ta u; msysgd iudêh jeäh hq;= h' tkï
wm is;a i;ka ;=< we;s rd. oafõY fuday wdÈ flf,ia hgm;a l< hq;= h' ta i|yd
WmldÍ jkafka iu: Ndjkdjhs' tuÕska is; msßisÿ fjhs¦ iudê.; fjhs' tfy;a
th ;djld,sl h' hgm;a lrk ,o flf,ia kej; biau;= ùfuka isf;ys msßisÿ
nj o tl`. nj o ke;s ù hhs¦ iu:h" iudêh ì| jefghs' iu: Ndjkdfjka isÿ
jkafka flf,ia hgm;a lsÍu ñi uq,skqmqgd ±óu fkdjk neúks' tneúka iS,fhys
msysgd iudêh jvkakd fia u iudêfhys msysgd m%{dj jeäh hq;= h' tkï iu:
Ndjkd u.ska we;s lr .kakd wdOHd;añl ÈhKqj u; msysgd iir ÿlg uq,a jk
rd.d§ flf,ia uq,a Wÿrd ouk kqjK ,nd .; hq;= h' th úmiaikd [dKh kï
fõ' ta i|yd úmiaikd Ndjkdj jeäh hq;= fjhs' th wmg ixidr.; ÿlska ñ§ ksjka
±lSug WmldÍ jkafka h'
úmiaikd fyj;a úo¾Ykd hkafkka woyia jkafka h:d¾:h ukd kqjKska úfYaIfhka
±lSuhs' tkï we;a; we;s ieáfhka ±lSuhs' úfiafiak miai;S;s úmiaikd úfYaI
jYfhka n,hs" olshs hk f;areñka úmiaikd hhs lshkq ,efí'

is;a i;kays flf,ia u, nyq,j ;sìh § Wmojk idudkH kqjK we;a; we;s
ieáfhka ±laug wiu;a h' l¿mdg Wmeia hqj<lska f,dalh olskakl= ish,a, l¿
meyefhka u olskakdla fuka flf,ia iys; is;a i;ka ;=<ska wms úlD;shla olsuq'
úmÍ; jQ f,dalhla u wmg fmfka' tneúka we;a; we;s ieáfhka ±lSug kï is;a
i;ka ;=< uq,anei we;s rd.d§ flf,ia kej; kQmÈkd mßÈ Wÿrd ±ñh hq;= h' ta
i|yd jk W;=ï jQ kqjK úoiqka kqjKhs' úlD;shlska úmÍ;hlska f;dr j m%lD;sh
m%lD;shla f,i u ±k ±l mila lrk tlS úoiqka kqjK ,eîug WmldÍ jk
Ndjkdj úmiaikd Ndjkdjhs'
we;a; we;s ieáfhka olsk kqjK nqÿ oyfuys y÷kajd we;af;a m[a[d hkqfjks'
m%{dj hkq fmd; m;ska .=rejrekaf.ka wm ,nd .kakd f,dalh yd Ôú;h ms<sn|
±kqu fkdfõ' fkdfhla whqßka fya;= idOl olajd lreKq bÈßm;a lrñka ;¾l
ú;¾l fldg t<fUk ks.ukh o fkdfõ' m%{dj hkq ish¨ flf,ia uq`Mukska u
ke;s fldg ,nk fkdìf|k Ñ;a; mdßY=oaêh ;=<ska u we;s ;;= we;s ieáfhka ±lSuhs'
th idudkH ±laula fkdj úfYaI jQ ±lauls' th úmiaikdjhs' fufia úmiaikdj u
m%{dj jk neúka úmiaikd Ndjkdj u m%{d Ndjkdj f,i o ye¢kaúh yels h'
iu: Ndjkdj u.ska jjd jvd .kakd ,o l=i,a is;la iys; iaÓr jQ iudêfhka
hqla; ;eke;a;d wk;=rej m%{dj jeäh hq;= h' m%{dj hkq l=i, is; yd tla jQ

úo¾Ykd {dkhhs" úfYaIfhka ,nd .;a ±lauhs" m%;HlaIhhs" úfYaI wjfndaOhhs"
h:d¾:djfndaOhhs' tu wjfndaOh we;s lr .; yelafla úo¾Ykd Ndjkdj jeãfuks'
úo¾Ykd Ndjkdfjka Wmojd .kakd h:d¾:djfndaOhg u fyj;a m%{djg u mrud¾:
i;HdjfndaOh hhs o lshkq ,efí' f,dalh yd Ôú;h ms<sn| wmg we;s lr .; yels
wjfndaOh fohdldr h' tkï iïuq;s i;HdjfndaOh yd mrud¾: i;HdjfndaOh
hkqfjks' iïuq;s i;Hh h:d¾:h fkdfõ' mru i;Hh fkdfõ' wms fndfyda
úg thska fkdu. hkafkuq' uq,djg m;a jkafkuq' iïuq;sh hkq idudkH f,dal
jHjydrhhs' ñksiqka w;r we;s tlÕ;djhs' ksoiqka jYfhka zr:hZ hk fhÿu .ksuq'
we;a; jYfhka u r:h lshd fohla ;sfí o@ r:h hkafkka wm woyia lrk jia;=j
iE§ we;af;a úúO wxf.damdx. tla ùfuks' mshjßka mshjr tu wxf.damdx. fjka lr
neÆ úg r:h hehs lsisjla ke;' txðu" iqlaldku" .shr" lKaKdä" ùÿre" gh¾ iy
áhqí jYfhka tajd fldgia l< yels h' tu fldgia o kej;;a ùÿre" f,day" rn¾
wdÈ jYfhka wkqfldgiaj,g fnÈh yels h' ;j ÿrg;a tu wxf.damdx. ;o ^mGú&
.;sh" øj ^wdfmda& .;sh" W!IaK" YS;, ^f;afcda& .;sh" fi,fjk ^jdfhda& .;sh wdÈ
jYfhka o fnod ±laúh yels h' fufia wjidk jYfhka ;j ÿrg;a fnod ±laúh
fkdyels ;;a;ajh wjfndaO lsÍu úmiaikdjhs" mrud¾: i;HdjfndaOhhs" m%{dj
,nd .ekSuhs' ta i|yd jk Ndjkdj úmiaikd Ndjkdjhs'
by; i|yka l< r:h hk fhÿu fuka u i;a;ajhd hk fhÿu o iïuq;shls'

f,dalhdf.a jHjydrhls' NdIdfõ tk kdu mofhls' r:h hkq úúOdldr jQ
wxf.damdx. iuQyhla muKla jkakdfia u f,dalh hkq o i;a;ajhd hkq o ialkaO
iuQyhla muKs' ialkaO hkq f.dvj,a h' iuQyh" rdYsh hk f;areï o ialkaO
hkakg ±laúh yels h' nqÿrcdKka jykafia úiska meyeÈ,s lr we;s mßÈ ialkaO
myls'
1' rEm ialkaOh - ^YÍrh" lh" fN!;sl ieleiau& mGú" wdfmda" f;afcda" jdfhda
hk i;r uyd N+; - wei yd rEm" lk yd Yío" kdih yd
.| iqj|" Èj yd ri" isrer yd iam¾Yh hk idOlj, tl;=j
2' fõokd ialkaOh - ^úkaokh" ú£u& iem" ÿla yd ueÈy;a ú£ï' wei-lk wd§
b÷rkag rEm Yíod§ wruqKq yuq jQ úg isf;ys we;sjk
úkaokh
3' i[a[d ialkaOh - îs;a ;=< WmÈk igyka" ksñ;s& rEm ix{d" Yío ix{d"
.kaO ix{d" ri ix{d" iam¾Y ix{d" O¾u ix{d hehs
fnod ±laúh yels y÷kd .ekSu
4' ixLdr ialkaOh - ^fÉ;kd" /ia lsÍï& l=i, l¾u" wl=i, l¾udÈ jYfhka
ye¢kafjk È.= l,la kej; kej; lsÍfuka m%n,;ajhg
m;ajk fÉ;kdj fmrgq fldg .;a ls%hd

5' ú[a[dK ialkaOh - ^wruqKq ±k .ekSu" úcdkkh& wei" lk" Èj" kdih"
YÍrh" is; hk fuu bkaøshhka u`.ska rEm" Yío" .kaO" ri"
iam¾Y" O¾u hk wruqKq .ekSu;a iu. u my< jk ±kSu"
plaLq ú[a[dK" fida; ú[a[dKdÈ ih wdldr úcdkkhka
f,dalh" i;a;ajhd hehs y÷kajkq ,nk wks;H jQ ialkaOhka ks;H hehs wms olsuq'
wks;H neúka ÿla iys; jQ tu ialkaOhka iem hehs olsuq' ÿla iys; neúka uf.a h
uu h" uf.a wd;auh hehs fkdie,lsh hq;= jQ tu ialkaO uf.a h" uu h" uf.a wd;auh
hehs o olsuq' wiqN jQ tu ialkaOhka iqN hehs o wms y÷kd .ksuq" is;uq" olsuq' fuh
úmÍ; jQ ye`.Suls" is;Suls" ±lSuls' úo¾Ykd Ndjkdj by; lS úlD;sfhka m%lD;sh
fj; wmf.a ±lau f.k ths' wks;H jQ ialkaOd§ O¾u wks;H hehs o ÿla iys; jQ tu
O¾u ÿla iys; hehs o wkd;au jQ tu O¾u wkd;au hehs o wiqN jQ tu O¾u wiqN
hehs o we;a; we;s ieáfhka ±k" ±l .; yelafla úmiaikdfjks' fufia f,dalhd
i;a;ajhd hehs lshkq ,nk ialkaO O¾uhkaf.a h:d¾:h jk wks;H ÿlaL wkd;au
hk ;%s,laIK O¾uhka m%;HlaI jYfhka ±k" ±l .kakd Ndjkdj jk neúka th
;%s,laIK Ndjkdj f,i o ye¢kafõ' tu h:d¾:djfndaOh u ish¨ ÿla ke;s lrhs¦
ksjka iqjhg muqKqjhs'
iu: Ndjkd u.ska l=i, O¾uhka wruqKq fldg tl`. lr .;a is;a we;a;jqka
úiska úo¾Ykdj jeãfï § ialkaO O¾uhka wkqj ;%s,laIKh fufkys l< hq;af;a
fufia h'
rEmh wks;H h' ks;H" iaÓr" iodld,sl fkdjkafka h' ì|jefgk iq¨ h' kefik
iq¨ h'
rEmh wks;H jk neúka ÿla iys; h' tys iem;la iqjhla fkdjkafka h' ÿl u
Wmojk iq¨ h'
rEmh ÿla iys; jk neúka wkd;au h' uf.a h" uu h" uf.a wd;auh hehs ie,lsh
fkdyels h' wd;au iajrEmfhka f;dr h'
by; olajk ,o fiiq ialkaO ms<sn| j o fï wdldrfhka u fõokdj wks;H h"
wks;H jk neúka ÿl h" ÿla iys; jk neúka wkd;auh wd§ jYfhka úmiaikd l<
hq;= h' È.= l,la mqreÿ mqyqKq l< hq;= h' ialkaO O¾uhkaf.a h:d¾:h jk ;%s,laIK
wjfndaOh ;yjqre lr .; hq;= h'
hï lf,l wd¾h Y%djlhd rEm" fõokd" iØaØ" ixLdr" úØaØK hk ixialdr

O¾uhka wks;H hehs o" tu O¾uhka wks;H jk neúka ÿla iys; hehs o" ÿla iys;
jk neúka wkd;au hehs o ukd kqjKska olshs o th u úY=oaêh kï jQ ksjkg u.
hehs nqÿrcdKka jykafia jod<y' fï wkqj kej; kej;;a wks;H" ÿlaL" wkd;au"
hk ;%s,laIKh kï jQ úYaj idOdrK i;Hh fufkys lsÍu" is;ays ,d jeãu"

m%.=K lsÍu" úo¾Ykd Ndjkdjhs' tfia fufkys fldg we;a; we;s ieáfhka olakd
;eke;a;d rEm" fõokd" iØaØ" ixLdr" úØaØK hk f,dalh" i;a;ajhd hehs lshkq
,nk ialkaO O¾uhka flfrys l,lsfrhs' tu O¾u wks;H h" ÿl h" wkd;au
hehs wjfndaO ùfuka tfia l,lsfrk fyf;u ta l,lsÍu ksid u tu O¾uhka
flfrys fkdwef,hs' Tyq ;=< we;s we,au ÿre fõ' fkdwe,au we;s neúka fyf;u
rd." oafõY" fuday wd§ flf,iqkaf.ka ñfohs' ñÿKq l,ays ñÿfKa hehs" kqjK my<
fjhs' thska u iir bm§u wjika fldg ksjka iqjh ,nd .kshs' m%{dj Wmojk
neúka m%{d Ndjkdj hehs o" ;%s,laIK wjfndaO lrjk neúka ;%s,laIK Ndjkdj
hehs o ye¢kafjk úmiaikd Ndjkdj wmf.a idudkH iïuq;s kqjK blaujd we;a;
we;s ieáfhka ±lSu ^h:dN+;[dK oiaikh& kï jQ mrud¾: i;HdjfndaOh we;s
lrkafka h' tu`.ska ksjka idod fokafka h'
;s,l=Kq ±lSu" ksjka wjfndaOfhka fumsg fuf,dj mrf,dj iir Ôú;fha § o

fkdfhla whqßka M,odhl fjhs' ;s,l=Kq ms<sn| ukd wjÈlñka hq;a mqoa.,hd
.; lrkafka pdï w,afmaÉP Ôú;hls' fyf;u h:d¾:h olakd neúka wiSñ;
wdYdfjka fyj;a uysÉP;dfjka f;dr fjhs' wju n,dfmdfrd;a;= we;af;a fjhs'
ljr iïmf;l l=uk iqjfhl jqj o .scq ùfuys wre;la ke;ehs fyf;u olshs'
,o muKska i;=gq fjhs' myiqfjka fmdaIKh l< yelafll= fjhs' fndfyda jev
lghq;=j,ska f;dr fjhs" úfõlS fjhs'
;s,l=Kq okakd ;eke;a;d wlïms; h' wgf,da oyñka fkdief,hs' ish,a, wks;H
nj;a" ÿla iys; nj;a" wkd;au nj;a okakd fyf;u ,dN w,dNd§ lsisjla ksid
Woaoduhg" i;=gg fuka u lïmkhg o ÿlg o m;a fkdfõ' isõ È.ska yukd
iq<`.skqÿ lïmd fkdjk bkaøÇ,hla fia Èú f.jhs' fyf;u WfmalaId iy.; h'
ueosy;a j is;kafka h' wka;.dó fkdfõ¦ wka;jd§ fkdfõ' o¾Ykfhka fuka u
prKfhka o ueÈy;a whl= fjhs' oDIaÀhlg fkdjefghs' fyf;u wk;sudkS h'
w;sudkfhka f;dr jkafka h' w;sudkfhys wre;la ke;ehs okS' fyf;u wk;sudkS
jk neúka u wdpdrYS,s h' iudcYS,s h' fufia b;d ÈhqKq fm!reIhla we;s pß;j;a
Ôú;hla .; lsÍug o ;%s,laIK Ndjkdj fyj;a úo¾Ykd Ndjkdj ;=<ska yelshdj
,efnkafka h'
idrdxYh
úo¾Ykd hkq úfYaI wjfndaOhhs' ta i|yd nqÿ oyfuys b.ekafjk Ndjkdj úo¾Ykd
Ndjkdj h' tu Ndjkdj ;%s,laIKh fufkys lsÍug W.kajk neúka ;%s,laIK
Ndjkdj f,i o tu`.ska iir ÿlska uqod,k m%{dj ,nd fok neúka m%{d Ndjkdj
f,i o ye¢kafõ' iu: Ndjkd u`.ska hgm;a lrk ,o flf,ia kej; u;=ùu
j<ld,ñka tu flf,ia uq,skqmqgd ouk fuu Ndjkdj Wiia pß; ixj¾Okhla
we;s lrk w;r ksjka iem ,nd .ekSug o WmldÍ fõ'

l%shdldrlu
01' úmiaikd Ndjkdj tkñka ye¢kafjkafka wehs@ meyeÈ,s lrkak'

02' m%{d Ndjkd f,i o úmiaikd Ndjkdj y÷kajkq ,eîug fya;= olajkak'
mejreu
Tfí mjqf,a wh iu. idlÉPd fldg Ndjkd uOHia:dkhlg f.dia tla Èkla
fyda Ndjkd mqyqKqjl fhfokak'

06 iiqka fl; ire l<" W;=fuda
.=Ke;s fmr l,
,lajeishka jk wm i;= j we;af;a wNsudkj;a §¾> b;sydihls' tu b;sydih ;=<
furg my< jQ fYa%IaG meúÈ W;=uka rdYshla .ek wms wid we;af;uq' Wka jykafia,d
fkdfhla wdldrfhka fkdueflk fufyjrla bgq l< ksid u lsis lf,l;a wmg
wu;l l< fkdyels h'
fï w;r tn÷ fufyjrla wm fjkqfjka bgq l< .sys W;=uka .ek o b;sydifha
i|yka fõ' fkdfhla me;sj,ska isÿ lr we;s uy fufyjr ksid u tu .sys W;=fuda o
wurKSh;ajhg m;a j isá;s' tfia rg ±h iuh fjkqfjka uy;a lemùulska
uy fufyjrla l< fY%aIaG ix> ms;Djrfhl= yd krm;shl= .ek idlÉPd lsÍu
fuu mdvfuys wruqKhs' mdi,a isiqka jk wmg tu W;=ukaf.a cSjk prs; ;=<ska
.; yels wdo¾Y fndfyda h' wm tu pß; ksr;=re j u isysm;a l< hq;= h' tu W;=ï
u. wdo¾Yhg .; hq;= h'
je,súg wirK irK isß irKxlr ix>rdc udysñmdKka jykafia

uykqjr hq.h ^jH'j' 1480 - jH'j' 1815& ,la b;sydifha iqúfYaI ikaêia:dkhls'
wE; wkqrdOmqr hq.fhka werfUk wfma ,la b;sydifha hq. .Kkdjla miq l<
úg uE; uykqjr hq.h yuq fõ' tu hq.h ;=< úúO w¾nqo we;s jQ nj ft;sydisl
f;dr;=rej,ska wkdjrKh fõ' mD;=.Sis" ,kafoais wd§ ngysr cd;Ska uqyqÿnv m%foaY
w,a,d .ekSu fï w¾nqoj, tla wjia:djls' lkao Wvrg rdcOdksh kdhlal¾ jxYsl
wfn!oaO rcjrekaf.A md,khg hg;a ùfuka ody;a jk ishjfia ueo Nd.h jk úg
foaYSh fn!oaO ixialD;sh l%ufhka mßydkshg m;a jkakg úh' Ydiksl mßydksh o
tys,d lemS fmkqKs' tla Wmiïmod NslaIqjla fyda fidhd .ekSu wiSre úh' je,súg
irKxlr iÕrc ysñmdKka my< jQfha fun÷ mßydks hq.hlhs'
Wka jykafia Wvrg ;=ïmfka m%foaYfha je,súg kï .fï jH'j' 1698 cQks 18 jeksod
ie±yej;a fy< fndÿ l=,hl Wm; ,enQy' tA mskaj;a l=, l=uref.a .sys ku l=,;=x.
nKavdrhs' jhi wjqreÿ 16 § uykqjr iQßhf.dv úydrfha je,súg irKxlr kñka
meúÈ nj ,enQ fï mskaj;a l=, l=urejd ;=< Wm;ska u fndfyda jdikd .=K we;s nj
.=re fo.=rekag fmkS .sfha h'

we;s ù ;snq ixialD;sl mßydksh ksid fmd;am;a fuka u .=rejreka o fidhd .ekSu
b;d u ÿIalr jQ fï hq.fha irKxlr ysñmdKka jykafiag wjYH wOHdmkh ,nd
.ekSu .eg¨jla úh' Wka jykafiag isÿ jQfha .=rejreka fidhd ÿr neyer m%foaYj,g
f.dia fndfyda ÿIalr;d ueo md,s NdIdj yd O¾u úkh bf.kSughs' W;aidyh yd
lemùu w;a fkdy< irKxlr ysñmdKkaa fndfydA foa W.;af;a iafjda;aidyfhks'
isxy," md,s" ixialD;" nqoaO O¾uh" ldjH Ydia;%h yd ;j;a fndfyda úIhhka
ms<sn| j yi< ±kqula ,nd .ekSug Wka jykafiag yels úh'
YslaIdldó w,afmaÉP Ôú;hla .; lsÍug leue;s jQ je,súg irKxlr iajdóka
jykafia meúÈ jQ od isg u hemqfKa ms`vqis`.d jeãfuka h' tneúka msKavmd;sl
irKxlr ysñ hkqfjka o .ñka .ug jäñka oyï foiñka wirKhkag msysg jQ
neúka wirK irK irKxlr ysñ hk kñka o Wka jykafia m%isoaO jQy' nqoaO
Ydikh fuka u fn!oaO iudch o fï jk úg uqyqK § ;snQ lk.dgqodhl ;;a;ajh
Ydikudul fndfyda fokdf.a wjOdkhg ,la jQjls' NslaIQ kñka fmkS isá we;eïyq
wUq orejka fmdaIKh l<y¦ Okj;a ro, mjq,aj,g mKsúv f.k hdï wd§ fufyjr
bgq l<y'
lS¾;s Y%S rdcisxy rc;=ud úiska je,súg Y%S irKxlr kdysñhkag ix>rdc moúh msßkeóu

Tjqyq O¾u úkh ms<sn| j ±kqfuka fuka u YslaIKfhka o msßyS isáfhda h' W.;a
NslaIQka yd .syshka isáfha w;f,diails' Tjqka o úfgl pß;fhka msßyS isá nj
i|yka fõ' l,ska mej;s wOHdmk wdh;k wNdjhg u f.dia ;sìK' Wmiïmodjlg
wjYH NslaIQka jykafia,d fidhd .ekSug fkdyels ;rug Ydiksl ;;a;ajh my;
jeà ;snqKs'
fï ld,fha § irKxlr udysñmdfKda fuu mßydksfhka iiqk k`.d isgqúh

hq;= hehs wêIaGdk lr Ydikudul msßia ixúOdkh lr .;ay' tA wkqj is,aj;a
iud.u kñka ixúOdkhla msysgqjd .kakd ,§' ÿis,aj;=kaf.a ndOl ysßyer ueo
md .ukska .ï okõ isidrd jäñka O¾uh foaYkd lrñka" meúÈ ùug leue;s
fndfyda msßila is,aj;a iud.ug tla lr .ekSug wm ysñmdKkag yels úh' tfia u
irKxlr udysñfhda fndÿ orejkaf.a Ydikudul nj o ÈhqKq lsÍug l%shd l<y¦
O¾u{dkh fuka u j;a ms<sfj;a o m%.=K lr iiqfka Ñr meje;au leue;s NslaIQka
jykafia,d ìys lsÍug lghq;= l<y'
Wm;ska jhi wjqreÿ mky blaujqj o irKxlr idufKar ysñmdKka jykafiag

Wmiïmodj ,nd .; fkdyels úh' Bg fya;=j Wmiïmkak NslaIQka tl, furg
fkdisàuhs' irKxlr ysñmdfKda lS¾;s Y%S rdcisxy rc;=udf.a Wojq we;sj Wmiïmod
NslaIQka jykafia,d msßila furgg jevu lr .ekSu iòyd ¥; msßila ishï
^;dhs,ka;h& rgg heùug lghq;= l<y' ishï rcf;fï Wmd,s uy f;reka jykafia
m%uqL Wmiïmod,dNS NslaIQka jykafia,d úis kula ,laÈjg tù h' jH'j' 1753 § ishï
ráka meñKs fï NslaIQka jykafia fj;ska irKxlr udysñmdKka we;=¿ yh kula
Wmiïmodj ,nd .ekSfuka ,laÈj Ydiksl mqkreohla we;s úh' tys § irKxlr
udysñhka jykafia uq,ska u Wmiïmodj ,nd fkdf.k is,aj;a iud.fï wfkla
is,aj;=kag uq,a;ek ÿka nj i|yka fõ' ta Wka jykafia ;=< mej;s wk;sudks
.=Kh ksid h' ishï uyd ksldh kñka ye¢kafjk NslaIQ mrmqr Y%S ,xldfõ we;s
jQfha fuu Wmiïmodfjka miq j h' W.;alñka yd YslaIdldñ;ajfhka w.;ekam;a
irKxlr iajdókaa jykafia úiska ,laÈj nqÿ iiqk k.d isgqùug lrk ,o iqúYd,
fufyjrg Wmydr jYfhka lS¾;s Y%S rdcisxy rc;=ud úiska i`.rc moúh msßkuk
,§' tfy;a tu moúh ksid Wka jykafia Woaoduhg m;a jQfha ke;' ish wdrduhg
jeä jyd u ;,a m;la f.k ;udg u wjjdo jYfhka Wv`.= fkdj uyK hk jpk
;=k ,shd msúiqï fodrgqfjys w,jd ;enQy'
Wvqkqjr kshu lkafoa msßfjkla msysgqùfuka yd wkqrdOmqr" oUq,a," fmdf,dkakrej

wd§ fn!oaO isoaOia:dk m%;sixialrKh lrjd ksis mßÈ mqo mQcd meje;aùug Wka
jykafia lghq;= l<y' fufia fn!oaO mqk¾Ôjkh i|yd úYd, fufyjrla je,súg
irKxlr ix>rdc udysñmdKka úiska bgq lrk ,È' uykqjr meje;ajQ foajd,
fmryerg Y%S oka; Od;+ka jykafiag Wmydr ±laùfï ud,s.dfõ uy fmryer o tla
lrk ,oafoa Wka jykafiaf.a Wmfoia wkqj h'

O¾u úkh ms<sn| úYdro NslaIQka jykfia kula jQ je,súg wirK irK isß
irKxlr ix>rdchdKka jykafia úiska rÑ; O¾u Ydia;%Sh .%ka: /ils'
1' uqKs.=Kd,xldrh
2' idrd¾: ix.%yh
3' r;k;%h m%Kdu .d:d ikakh
4' i;r nKjr ikakh hkdÈh tajdhska lsysmhls'

wjqreÿ wiQjla f,dal Ydik fiajfha fhÿKq Wka jykafia jH'j' 1778 wei< mqr
mif<diajl fmdfyda Èk wmj;a ù jod<y' fufia furg .sys meúÈ fn!oaO ck;dj
fjkqfjka uE; hq.fha wiuiu fufyjrla bgq lrñka mßydkshg m;a iïnqoaO
Ydikh kej; m%;sIaGdmkh lsÍug je,súg wirK irK isß irKxlr ix>rdc
udysñhka jykafia l%shd l<y' Wka jykafiaf.a pß;fhka wmg ,nd .; yels
wdo¾Y lSmhla fufia h'
³ ;%súO r;akh ms<sn| j wmßñ; Y%oaOdfjka hqla; ùu

³ YslaIdldó j yd w,afmaÉP j Ôj;a ùu
³ úúO ÿIalr;d ueo jqjo wOHdmkh ms<sn| ±ä we,aula ±laùu
³ isiq orejkag Wojq lsÍug ;snQ leue;a;
³ ksryxldr nj
³ iaÓr wêIaGdkh
ÿgq.euqKq uy rc;=ud
—udf.a fï jHdhduh nqoaO Ydikfha ÑriaÓ;sh msKsi ñi lsis lf,l;a rc iem
msKsi fkdjkafka h'˜ hkq ÿgq.euqKq rc;=udf.a wNS; igka mdGhhs' tys mrud¾:h
jQfha oYl .Kkdjl isg úkdY uqLhg hñka meje;s foaYSh iajdëk;ajh wdrlaId
lr .ksñka úfoaY md,kfhka rg" cd;sh" wd.u uqod .ekSuhs' úfoaYSh md,kfhka
rg uqod f.k tlafiai;a lsÍu ksid t;=ud ft;sydisl hq. mqreIfhl= jQ nj m%lg h'
tfia u t;=uka úiska iïnqoaO Ydikfha ÑriaÓ;sh;a ixj¾Okh;a Wfoid ±jeka;
fufyjrla buy;a Y%oaOdfjka yd ´kElñka bgq lrk ,È' t;=ud reyqKq rc fm<m;g
wh;a ldjka;siai rc;=udf.a yd úydr uyd foaúhf.a jeäuy,a mq;%hd h' fyf;u
;u nd, fidfydhqre ;siai l=ure iu. foudmshkaf.a u. fmkaùu hgf;a uyd
ix>r;akfha wjjdo wkqYdikd ,nd ye§ jevqfKa h'
fï jljdkqfõ wkqrdOmqrh w.k.rh fldg ,laÈj md,kh lf<a t<dr kï øúv rc

flfkls' uydjxYfha i|yka mßÈ t<dr rcq idOdrK ±yeñ md,lfhls' Tyqg fmr
furg n,h w,a,df.k isáfha fiak" .=;a;sl hk ol=Kq bkaÈhdkq wdl%uKslhka h'
fï wjdikdjka; ;;a;ajfhka rg fírd f.k nqÿ iiqk wdrlaId lsÍu hq.fha
wjYH;djla jQfha h'

úfoaY n,fõ. yuqfõ igka fldg rg ±h iuh fírd .ekSug .euqKq l=ure buy;a
lemùfuka yd Wkkaÿfjka l%shd lf<a h' l=uref.a fï wfmalaIdjkag msh rc;=ud
uq,ska wleue;s jQfha ta i|yd iqÿiq ld,h fkdjk nj m%ldY lrñks' msh;=udf.a
tl`. fkdùu ksjglulehs .euqKq l=urd is;=fõ h' fï msh mq;= .egqfuys m%;sM,hla
f,i .euqKq l=ure ld,hla mshdf.ka wE;a j fld;auf,a m%foaYfhys úiqfõ h'
msh rcqf.a wNdjfhka miq reyqfKa md,lhd jQ ÿgq.euqKq l=urejdfKda ;u ujf.a o"
NslaIQka jykafiaf.a o wdYS¾jdo ,nd fiakd ikakoaO j f.dia m%dfoaYSh kdhlhka
mrdch lrñka l%ufhka wkqrdOmqrhg ióm jQy' úð;mqr kï ia:dkfha § lrk
,o ;SrKd;aul igfkka ch .;a ÿgq.euqKq l=urejdfKda ;%sisxy,h tla fiai;a
fldg rcq njg m;a jQy' fyf;u igfkys § ñh .sh t<dr rcq rdclSh f.!rj
iys; j wdodykh fldg iEhla o ;kjd ksYaYío;dj olajd thg .re lrk f,i
ck;djf.ka b,a,d isáfha h' hqoaOfha § m%;sjdÈfhl= jQ fudyqg lrk ,o fuu
f.!rjh úYsIag wdo¾Yhls'
fu;=udf.a m%Odk;u Ydiksl fufyjr jQfha fn!oaO f,dalfha uqÿka u,alvla n÷

rejkaje,siEh bÈ lsÍu h' uydiEh hkqfjka ye¢kafjk tu iqúi,a ffp;Hhg
uq,a ., ;eîfï ux., wjia:dj i|yd f,dalfha kkafoiska ry;ka jykafia,d
oioyia .Kkla jeäh nj i|yka fõ' bka meyeÈ,s jkqfha iuia; fn!oaO
f,dalhg u fï isoaêh jeo.;a jQ nj h' fï od.en f.dvke.Sfï fhÿKq ish¨ u
ld¾ñlhkag wdydrmdk" we÷ï me,÷ï" jegqma msßkeuQ nj uydjxYfha i|yka fõ'
uyd ix>r;akh flfrys w;suy;a f.!rjhlska hqla; j yeÿKq jevqKq rcq lsis
úfgl NslaIQka jykafia,dg fkdms<s.kajd wdydr fkd.;a nj i|yka fõ' ñßia
jHxckhla i`.rejkg mQcd fkdlr wdydrhg .ekSu .ek ;udg u o`vqjï fokq
msKsi rc;=ud iEojQ ffp;Hh ñßijeáh kï fõ' óg wu;r j ;j;a fjfyr úydr
yeg wgla Èjhsfka úúO m%foaYj, lr jQ nj i|yka fjhs'
ÿgq.euqKq rcqf.a wkqiaurKSh Ydiksl bÈlsÍï w;r f,dajduyd m%didoh hkqfjka

ye¢kafjk wisßu;a f.dvke`.s,a, uyd iEhg muKla fofjks jkakls' wkqrdOmqr
uyfujqkd Whfkys ñys÷ udysñhka oji foajdkï msh;siai uy rc;=udf.ka werUqKq
uyd úydrh jvd;a wx. iïmQ¾K f,i úúO f.dvke`.s,sj,ska hqla; j ±l=ïl¨
iqúi,a fn!oaO uOHia:dkhla njg m;a lrk ,oafoa o fuu rc;=ud úisks'
rc;=ud O¾u Y%jKhg ±ä leue;a;la ±laù h' tneúka iEu .ul u O¾u foaYlhka
jykafia,d ,jd O¾u foaYkd meje;aùug i,iajd Wka jykafia,dg O¾u mQcd isÿ
lsÍug o lghq;= ie,iS h' t;=ud rdcHh l< iQúis wjqreoao ;=< fjila W;aij
úis y;rla meje;a jQ nj uyd jxYfha i|yka fõ' wdfrda.HYd,d msysgqjd .s,kay,a
fiajdjla wdrïN lsÍu o ÿgq.euqKq rc;=udf.a ;j;a fufyjrls' ;ud úiska lrk
,o ish¨ hym;a ls%hd ish mska fmdf;ys igyka lsÍug t;=ud wu;l fkdlf<a h'
tn÷ mqKH l%shd w;r msßia n,fhka f;dr j yqol,dj isá wjia:djl ;uka i;= j

;snqKq tl u wdydr fõ, NslaIQka jykafia,dg mQcd lsÍu úfYaIfhka i|yka l<
yels h'
fufia f,da iiqka flfrys wkqmfïh fiajhla l< rcf;fï yÈisfha frda.d;=r úh'
ta jk úg;a ksu fkdjQ rejkaje,s od.efí lghq;= iïmQ¾K lsÍug fidfydhqre
ioaOd;siai rc;=udg mjrk ,È' t;=ud fld;ale/,a, yqKo`vqj,ska idod iqÿ
frÈj,ska wdjrKh fldg ffp;Hfha jev wjika jQ f,ig" urK u[aplfha yqka
ÿgq.euqKq rc;=udg fmkaùh' iajlSh mska fmd;g ijka foñka rejkaje,siEh foi
i;=áka n,d isáh § ld,l%shd l< ÿgq.euqKq rc;=udf.a kduh YS% ,xld fn!oaO
b;sydifha rka wl=ßka ,sheù we;af;a h'
idrdxYh
je,súg wirK irK isß irKxlr ix>rdc udysñmdfKda ,laÈj Ydiksl" idudðl
wOHdmk yd Ydia;%Sh ÈhqKqjg úYd, fiajhla l< fY%aIaG ix> ms;Djrfhla jQy'
Wka jykafia úfoaYSh wdl%uK ksid" úkdY ù .sh nqÿ iiqk m%;sIaGdmkh lsÍfuys ,d
mqfrda.dó j l%shd l<y' is,aj;a iud.u msysgqùu" Wmiïmodj h<s wdrïN lsÍu"
fn!oaO isoaOia:dk m%;sixialrKh lsÍu fuka u jákd O¾u .%ka: rpkd lsÍu
;=<ska Wka jykafia nqÿ iiqfka Ñr meje;au iòyd úYd, fiajhla l<y'
ÿgq.euqKq rc;=ud úfoaYSh wdl%uKslhkaf.ka rg cd;sh fírd nqÿ iiqk fkdfhla

whqßka k.d isgjQ fYa%IaG md,lfhls' rejkaje,s iEh" f,dajduydmdh yd ñßijeáh
ks¾udKh lsÍu o uyd úydr ixj¾Okh o rc;=udf.a Ydiksl ld¾hhka w;r m%Odk
fjhs' —udf.a fï jHdhduh nqoaO Ydikfha ÑriaÓ;sh msKsi ñi lsis lf,l;a rc
iem msKsi fkdjkafka h'˜ hk m%ldYfhka hqo je§fï mrud¾:h ck;djg meyeÈ,s
lf<a h'

l%shdldrlu
1& je,súg wirK irK isß irKxlr ix>rdc udysñmdKka jykafia

Ydiksl ÈhKqj Wfoid isÿl< ld¾hhka ms<sn| ,ehsia;=jla ilia lrkak'
2& je,súg wirK irK isß irKxlr ix>rdc udysñmdKka jykafiaf.a yd

ÿgq.euqKq rcqf.a pß;fhka Tfí Ôú;hg .; yels wdo¾Y fol ne.ska
,shkak'
mejreu
fjk;a meúÈ W;=ful=f.a yd .sys W;=ful=f.a pß; l:d folla jeäysáhkaf.ka

wid ,shd ;nkak'

07 uy¨ úfhys ÿla fkdjkak
;=reKq Èúh f.dvk.kak
—uy jeis jei fmdl=K msÍ ;sìK' tys u;aiHfhda rxpq .eiS msyskñka isáhy'
fmdl=K weiqre fldg Ôj;a jQfha uy¨ fldiajd <sysKsfhls'w,ifhl= jQ fyf;u
fmdl=fKys isá uiqka foi fkdne¨fõ h' Tjqka f.dÿre fldg fkd.;af;a h'
uy jeis ksuúh' ksh`.h Wod úh' iev ysre /ia fmdl=K u; m;s; jQfha h' Èk
fol ;=klska u fmdl=K is£ .sfha h' tys úiQ u;aiHfhda o ñheÿfKda h' uy¨
fldiajd <sysKs f;fï fmdl=Kq f;r isg tys is÷Kq m;=, foi ne¨fõ h' uiqka
lsisfjl=;a ke;' Tyqg we;s jQfha n,j;a miq;eú,a,ls' Èh msÍ ;snQ neúka uiqkaf.ka
ys`. fkdjQ miq .sh Èkj, ;ud w,i j ksod isá nj Tyqg isys úh' ±ka flfia kï
l=i mqrjkafka o@ m%udo jQjd jeä h' fyf;u is£ .sh fmdl=K foi n,d iqiqï
fy<kakg jQfha h' ˜
fuh nqÿrcdKka jykafia jod< Wmudjla weiqßka ks¾udKh lrk ,o l;djls' tu

Wmudj yuqjkafka Oïu mofha h' tu foaYkdjg u tla lrk ,o ;j;a Wmudjla
fufia h'
—;reK olaI ÿkqjdfhla ish ÿkafkys Yla;su;a ;shqKq B;,hla r|jd .;af;a h'
fyf;u uy;a jQ fjr fhdod ÿkq Èh weo uy jkh foig úoafoa h' uy y`v k`.ñka
jd .en o ì|f.k w;=" fld< o fom¨ fldg fõ.fhka .uka l< B;,h m;s;
jQfha fndfyda ÿr h' th fidhd .ekaug ÿkqjdhdg fkdyels úh' uy jkfhys Èrd
.sh fld< frdvq w;r m;s; jQ th lsis Èfkl lsisfjl=f.a fk; fkd.eà tys u
Èrdm;a j .sfha h'˜
fuu isÿùï fol tod fuka u wo o wm w;f¾ Ôj;a jk we;eï wkqjKhkaf.a Ôú;
l;djg Wmud lrk nqÿrcdKka jykafia tu`.ska iemj;a wkd.;hla f.dvkeÕSug
fjr ork wmg lrkafka uy`.= u. fmkaùuls' is£ .sh fmdl=Kq f;r miq;ejqKq
uy¨ fldiajd <sysKshd fuka Ôú;fha u.yeÍ .sh foa ms<sn| is;ñka miq j miq;eú,s
ùug bv ;nd fkd.kakd f,i wjjdo lrk fuu foaYkdj B;,h uy jkfhys
weo jegqKq ;ek u Èrdm;a j hkakdla fuka wêfõ.S ;reKlu o ksIaM, j úkdY
jk nj fmkajd fohs' fuh fjfiiska u mdm ñ;% wdY%h yd mdm;r kqiqÿiq mqreÿ o
ksid msßySug m;a jQ iuld,Sk ;reKfhl= ksñ;s fldg foaYkd lrk ,oaols' tfy;a
Bg iudk yeisÍï ksid fkdfhla whqßka msßySug m;a jk j¾;udk we;eï ;reK
Ôú;j,g o fuhska wdo¾Y ,nd .; yels h'

wpß;ajd n%yau pßhx
w,oaOd fhdínfka Okx
ðKaK fld[aapdj ®dhka;s
ÇK uÉfÉj m,a,f,a
fuf,dj mrf,dj iemj;a nj fuka u fl<jr ÿlska ñ§ ,nk ksjka iqjh o Wod
lrk W;=ï iS,d§ ms<sfj;ays o fkdfh§ ;reK úfha § Wmka Okh /l .ekafuka
yd kQmka Okh bmoùfuka o f;dr j Ôj;a jkafkda jeis iufhys uiqka w,a,d
fkdf.k miq j is£ .sh fmdl=K foi n,d miq;eú,s jk uy¨ fldiajd <sysKshka
fuka miq ;efjkafkda h' iqiqï ,kafkda h'
wpß;ajd n%yau pßhx
w,oaOd fhdínfka Okx
fika;s pdmd;s ÇKdj
mqrdKdks wkq;a:qkx
W;=ï jQ" YS,d§ .=KO¾uhka iïmQ¾K lsrSu o fkdfldg ;reKfhl= f,i ;u
yelshdj fhdojd Okh Wmhd .ekSfuys o ksr; fkdù fl<sfof,ka Ôj;a jkafkda
ÿkafkka úÈk ,o B;,h fõ.fhka f.dia jkfha jeà Èrdm;a j hkakdla fuka
jeäysá jhig m;ajQ úg fmr ^;reK úfhys& l< lS oE isys lrñka iqiqï ,;s' fYdal
fj;s' cSú;fha m,la fkd,n;s'
by; i|yka nqoaOdjjdoh wkqj ms<sfj;ska o" iodpdrfhka o" Okfhka o" fNda.
iïm;a;sfhka o msßySug m;a jQ ñksiaiq ;reK úh blau f.dia uy¨ úhg m;a jQ úg
miq;eú,s fj;s' is÷Kq fmdl=K foi n,d miq;efjk uy¨ fldiajd <sysKshd fuka
Ôú;fha f.ù .sh ;reK úh .ek is;d miq;eú,s fj;s' zzud ;reK úfha ms<sfj;a
/lafla o ke;" Okh /ia lf<a o ke;' ±ka uy¨ jQfhñ' ta lsisjla lrkakg
Yla;shla ke;af;a fjñZZ hs ;efjhs' fufia ;efjk ÿla fjk ñksiqka j¾;udk
iudcfha o isákq ±lsh yels h' by; olajk ,o fojeks nqoaOdjjdoh wkqj fhdjqka
úfha § ms<sfj;a o fkdmqrd Okh o /ialr fkd.;af;da uy¨ úhg m;a j fmr
l< lS oE is;ñka ;efj;s' fhdjqka wjÈfha ldh Yla;sh o Ñ;a; Yla;sh o wvqjla
ke;' fõ.j;a h' ÿkafkka hjk B;,h fuks' tfia u ms<sfj;a o fkdmqrd Okh o
/ia fkdfldg ;reK l, lñka fndñka kgñka .hñka jhñka fl<sfof,ka u
f.jd ±uQ ñksiaiq ta ;reK cjh is£ .sh úg uy¨ j Èrdm;a j fmr l< lS oE .ek
is; is;d iqiï ,;s" ;efj;s' fhdjqka uofhka u;a j lhska jokska yd is;ska fkdl<
hq;a; u lrñka l< hq;a; fkdlr uy¨ úfha § miq;eú,s jkafkda wm w;r o isá;s'
ta ldh Yla;sh o" Ñ;a; Yla;sh o we;s ;reK wjÈfhka ksis m%fhdack fkd.ekSu
ksid h' Ôú;hl nd," ;reK" uy¨ hehs wjia:d ;=kla we;' thska wOHdmkh ,nk
nd,úfha § o /lS rlaIdÈh lrk ;reK úfha § o ;ekam;a uy¨ úfha § o YS,d§ .=K
oyï mqrñka iïm;a Wmhd .kakd ñksiaiq uy¨ úfha § miq;eú,s fkdfj;s' f.ù
.sh <ud úh yd ;reK úh foi n,d i;=gq fj;s' ta fya;=fjka u §¾>dhqI o ,n;s'

Ôú;h id¾:l;ajhg m;a ùug w;aje,la imhk ;j;a w.kd WmfoaYhla Oïu
mofhka yuqfjhs'
WÜGdkjf;da i;suf;da
iqÑlïuiai ksiïuldßfkda
i[a[;iaip Oïu Ôúfkda
wmamu;a;iai hfidaNs jâV;s
W;aidyjka; jQ" ukd isysh we;s" ksje/È foh mßIdldÍ j lrk yslaófuka hq;a
±yeñ j Ôj;a jk ;eke;a;df.a hii jefvkafka h' fuh W;aidyh fmrgq fldg
f.k .=K kqjKska l%shd fldg Ôú;h ch .;a iuld,Sk ;reKfhl=g nqÿrcdKka
jykafia úiska lrk ,o foaYkhls' fuu foaYkdfjys i|yka hiia j¾Okh hkq
OkOdkHdÈ fNda. iïm;a jeä ÈhqKq ùu yd lS¾;s m%Yxidjka o jeä ÈhqKq ùuhs'
tfia fuf,dj § u hiia jeä ÈhqKq ùu m%S;su;a id¾:l Ôú;hla .; lsÍug WmldÍ
fõ' tfy;a th isÿ jkafka foaj n,hlska fkdfõ' fmr l< l¾uh wkqj u o
fkdfõ' fya;=jla hqla;shla ke;=j o fkdfõ' ta i|yd ;sìh hq;= yelshdjka yd .=K
O¾u i;a wdldr nj fuu .d:dj W.kajhs'
1' WÜGdkjf;da - W;aidyjka; nj" fkdmiqniakd ù¾hh" fkdue,s j

ld¾hlaIu j l%shd lsÍu" ldh Yla;sh yd Ñ;a; Yla;sh
fkdu| j fhdojd jev lsÍu
2' i;suf;da - t<U isá isysh" hym;a l,amkdj" i;sh" yß je/È ±l
lghq;= lsÍu" u;l Yla;sh
3' iqÑlïu - msßisÿ j lghq;= lsÍu" lhska jpkfhka yd is;ska ksfodia
foa lsÍu" mõlï wl=i,a fkdfldg mskalï l=i,a lsÍu
4' ksiïuldÍ - kqjKska msßlaid" is;d úuid lghq;= lsÍu" frda. ksodkh
úuid ms<shï lrk fj±ÿfrl= fuka l%shd lsÍu" fodia
ksfodia fidhd n,d ksfodia foa lsÍu
5' i[a[; - oukh ùu" ixh; nj" yslaóu" YS,fhka lh jpkh yslau
ùu" iudêfhka is; yslauùu" tu .=K O¾uhkays msysgd
lghq;= lsÍu
6' OïuÔú - ±yeñ j Ôj;a ùu" iïud wdÔjh" ñ;Hd Èú meje;afuka
f;dr j f.dú;eka" fjf<|dï wd§ hym;a Ôúldfjka
hqla; ùu" kS;s úfrdaë whqßka Wmhdf.k Èú fkdf.ùu
7' wmamu;a; - wm%udoh" m%udo fkdùu" Ôú;fha wNsjDoaêhg ÈhqKqjg
ydkslr foa fkdlsÍu" Ôú;h wdmiaig f.k hk
l%shdj,ska je<lS" Ôú;h bÈßhg f.k hk l%shdjkays
ksr; ùu

m<uq j i|yka l< mßÈ Wiia ms<sfj;ska msßyS Okh o Wmhd fkdf.k miq;eú,s
jkakjqka fuka u fojkq j i|yka l< mßÈ W;aidyh fmrgq lr .;a hym;a yeisÍï
ksid miq j cSú;h foi wdmiq yeÍ n,d Wmhd .;a Okh;a lS¾;s m%Yxidjkq;a ±k
±l i;=gg m;ajkafkda o wm w;r isá;s' fï fohdldrfha u mqoa.,hka .ek Tn
wid we;=jdg iel ke;'
fuys uq,a .d:d hq.,fhka msßySug m;a j ÿla jkakl= .ek lshhs' fojekak ÈhqKqjg
m;a j i;=gq jkafkl= .ek lshhs' hym;a wkd.;hlg mshuka lrk orejka jYfhka
wm isys ;nd .; hq;af;a wmf.a Ôú;fha mrdchka fuka u ch.%yKhka o wmf.a u
l%shdldrlï u; /£ mj;sk nj h' u;= miq;eú,a, fuka u i;=gqùu o wmf.a u
yeisÍï wkqj isÿ jk nj h'
idrdxYh

Wiia .=K oyï o fkdmqrd" Okh o Wmhd fkd.kakd ;reKhdg isÿ jkafka miq j
miq;eú,s ùug h' ;udf.a u kqiqÿiq mej;=ï .ek is;ñka ÿla ùug h' Wiia .=K
oyï o imqrk" W;aidyh fmrgq fldg f.k l%shd lrkAkd ;=< OkOdkHd§ iïm;a
jefvhs' Tyqf.a lS¾;sh o me;sf¾'
l%shdldrlu
1' —wpß;ajd n%yau pßhx '''˜ hkd§ .d:dfjys tk WmfoaYh fláfhka ,shkak'
2' —WÜGdkjf;da'''˜ hkd§ .d:djg wkqj hii jefvk ;eke;a;df.a ,laIK

y÷kajd fokak'
mejreu
) Èh is£ .sh fmdl=Kla iómfhys miq;eú,af,ka isák fldiajd <sysKsfhl=

±lafjk Ñ;%hla we| Bg háka wod< .d:dj yd tys w¾:h o ,shd mka;s ldurfha
m%o¾Ykh lrkak'

08 wkqiia ±l is,aj;a fjuq
wm úoHd,fha mej;s jd¾Isl l%Svd W;aijfha ixúOdk lghq;= Ndr jQfha mdif,a
m%Odk YsIH kdhl;ajh ±rE iqks,ag h' Èk lsysmhla ta fjkqfjka wêl f,i
fjfyi ùu ksid W;aijh wjika j ksjig .sh iqks,ag WK frda.h je<¢K'
wïud jyd u Tyq ffjoHjrhl= yuqjg le|jdf.k .shd h' frda.S ;;a;ajh úuid
neÆ ffjoHjrhd fnfy;a kshu lrñka iqks,ag fohdldrhlska Wmfoia ÿkafka h'
tkï fkdl< hq;= w.=K foa fkdlr isàug yd l< hq;= .=K foa lsÍughs' we,a c,h
mrsyrKh lsÍu" isis,a l< nr wdydr .ekSu" wêl f,i fjfyiSu wdÈh fkdl<
hq;= hehs Tyqg Wmfoia fok ,§' tfia u ksis mßÈ fnfy;a .ekSu o WKq c,h
mdúÉÑh o úfõl .ekSu o l< hq;= hehs Tyqg Wmfoia ,enqKs' fkdl< hq;= w.=K
foa fkdlr l< hq;= .=K foa l< Tyqg blaukska iqjh ,enqfKa h'
nqÿrcdKka jykafia wm úiska l< hq;= foa o fkdl< hq;= foa o b.eka jQ fial'
fkdl< hq;= foa úß;a fyj;A úruK kñka o l< hq;= foa isß;a fyj;a iudodk
kñka o ye¢kafõ' tA wkqj i;=ka ueÍu" fkdÿka foa .ekSu wd§ fkdl< hq;=
l%shdj,ska je<lS" i;=kag lreKdj ffu;%sh ±laùu" ÿka foa muKla .ekSu wd§ l<
hq;= l%shdjkays ksr; úh hq;= h' nqÿ oyfuys iS,h W.kajd we;af;a tf,i h' tu.ska
mqoa.,hdf.a pß;h ixj¾Okh jkafka h'
is,a /lSfuka ,efnk wdksixi myla ms<sn| j nqÿrcdKka jykafia foaYkd l<
fial' tu wdksixi fudkjd ±hs úuid n,uq'
1' uy;a jQ fNda. iïm;a w;am;a lr .ekSu

2' lS¾;sh me;sÍu
3' ´kE u msßila ueog ks¾Nh j t<öug yels ùu
4' isys uq,d fkdù l¨ßh lsÍu
5' urKska u;= iq.;sfhys Wm; ,eîu

1' uy;a jQ fNda. iïm;a w;am;a lr .ekSu
is,aj;a Ôú;hla .; lrk mqoa.,hd ksrka;rfhka WfoHda.j;a h' wm%ud§ j l%shd

lrhs' iS,fhys msysgd wm%ud§ j m%fndaOj;a ukiska Ofkdamdhkfhys fhfok fyf;u
tys m%;sM,hla f,i uy;a jQ Okhl ysñlrefjl= njg m;a fõ' is,aj;a ;eke;a;dg
Okh bmhsh fkdyels nj;a iS,fhys msysàu Okh bmhSug ndOdjla nj;a is;Su
jrols' Okh bmhSfï § fuka u Wmhd .;a Okh iqrlaIs; lr .ekSfï § o YS,h
mqoa.,hdg ufydamldÍ fõ'
nqÿrcdKka jykafia Ôjudk ld,fha isá uyOk isgqmq;%hd Wmhd .;a ish¨ Okh
wysñ fldg f.k bK we¢ j;g muKla iSud jQfha iS,fhys msysgd lghq;= fkdl<
ksid h' mdmñ;% fiajkhg yd fkdukd mqreÿj,g o weíneys ù Wmhd .;a ish¨
Okh ta fjkqfjka úhoï fldg È<skaoka njg m;a jQjka j¾;udk iudcfha o ±l
.; yels h' is,aj;a mqoa.,hd t<U issá isysfhka hq;= j lghq;= lrhs' is.df,dajdo
iQ;%fha ±lafjk wdldrhg fNda. úkdYhg fya;= jk lreKq yhla we;'
1' uohg yd m%udohg fya;= jk uoHidr .ekSu

2' kqiqÿiq fõ,djkays uxudj;aj, ießieÍu
3' kegqï .ehqï jehqï ys f,d,a nj
4' iQÿfjys fh§u
5' múgq ñ;=rka weiqr
6' w,ilñka l,a f.ùu
is,aj;a mqoa.,hd lh jpkh Tiafia we;s lr .kakd ixjrlu ksid fuu je/È
lsisjla Tyqf.ka isÿ fkdfõ' je/È iy.; yeisÍï ksid fndfyda .eg¨ we;s jk
w;r udkisl wiykh o jeä fõ' È<s÷luo we;s fjhs' is,aj;a ;eke;a;df.a Okh
jefvkqfha ÿisßf;ka je<lS iqisßf;ys fhfok neúks'
2' lS¾;sh me;sÍu
lS¾;sh yd wmlS¾;sh wgf,da oyug wh;a wx. folls' lsis hï mqoa.,fhl=f.a lS¾;shg
fuka u wmlS¾;shg o n,mdk uQ,sl idOlh Tyqf.a fyd| krl ls%hdldrlï h'
l=,j;alu" rEu;alu ;snQ muKska lS¾;sh Wmhd .; fkdyels h' YS,fhys msysgd
lghq;= fkdlrk mqoa.,hdg ysñ jkafka wmlS¾;shhs' mrmK fkdkik" fidrlñka
je<l=Kq" je/È ldu fiajkfhka je<l=Kq" fndrefjka f;dr" uoHidrfhka
je<l=Kq mqoa.,hdg lS¾;sh u ysñfjhs' ÿis,aj;a mqoa.,hd jqj o iS,fhys msysgd
lghq;= lrkakdf.a .=K lshhs' tjeks mqoa.,hd ms<sn| j okka ;=v ;=v /õ ms<s/õ
fokafka m%Yxid;aul joka h' is,a iqj| wfkl=;a ish¨ iqj| j¾. wNsNjd me;sfrk
nj nqÿrcdKka jykafia jod<y'

is,aj;d hula lrkakg fmr ud fï lrk fohska ug hym;la fõ o whym;la
fõ o hkqfjka úuis,s iy.; fjhs' ;ud lrk lshk fohska ish ujqmshkag" ;ud
bf.k .kakd mdi,g" iudchg" ixialD;shg ydkshla jrola jkjd o hkak is;d
n,hs' tfia is;d ksje/È ls%hdjkays kshef,a' ta ksid ;ud wjg iudcfha" úfYaIfhka
.=re fo.=rekaf.a m%Yxidj ysñ mqoa.,fhl= njg m;a fõ' is,aj;a j lghq;= lrk
mqoa.,hd iudcfha mj;sk isß;a úß;aj,g o" idr O¾uhkag o .re lrk w;r tajd
/l .ekSug W;aidy lrhs' kskaod wmydij,g ,la jk ls%hdjkaf.ka je<lS isà'
lrKShfu;a; iQ;%fha fmkajd fok wdldrhg" hï ls%hdjlg kqjKe;s wh kskaod
lr;a kï tn÷ l=vd jQ jrolska mjd je<lSug W;aidy l< hq;= h' fufia fyd|
krl ksje/È j f;dard fírd f.k Ôj;a jk úg iudch ;=< is,aj;df.a lS¾;sh
me;sfrkafka ksrdhdifhks'
3' ´kE u msßila ueog ks¾Nh j t<öug yels ùu
wka whf.a Ôú; Wÿrd .;a mqoa.,hd ish Ôú;h ljr fudfydf;a wysñ fõ o hk
ìfhka Ôj;a fõ' wka whf.a iïm;a meyer.;a mqoa.,hdg ksrdhdifhka we;sjkafka
ljr fudfydf;a ;ud kS;sfha /yekg yiqfõ o fidrlu fy<sfõ o hk is;hs' je/È
ldu fiajkfha fhfok ;eke;a;d YsIag iïmkak iudc meje;aug ydks muqKqjhs'
fndre lshk ;eke;a;d wka whf.a ikaksfõok whs;sh lv lrhs' uoHidrh Ndú;
lrkakd ldhsl fuka u udkisl fi!LHfhka o msßyqKq mqoa.,hl= fjhs' fyf;u
iduldó iudchg wNsfhda.hls' fï wdldrhg m[ap ÿYapß;fhys fhfokakdg
ksrka;rfhka Ôj;a ùug isÿ jkafka ìfhka yd ielfhks' iudchg fydr ryfia
wm%isoaO j h' je/È lrkakd miqmi kS;sh ÿqn¢k w;r Tyqf.a Ôú;h wkdrlaIs;
h' isÿ l< je/È kS;sh wNsuqj i`.jdf.k isáh o yDoh idlaIHhg i`.jd ;eìh
fkdyels neúka iNdjla bÈßfha Rcq j fmkS isàfï wd;au úYajdih o Tyq ;=<
fkdue;'
m[ap YS,h wdrlaId lrkakd wka whf.a Ôj;a ùfï whs;sh iqrlS' Tyq wkqkg ysxid
fkdlrhs' tneúka >d;lhl=" ysxilhl= f,i iudcfhka wjuka ,nkafka ke;'
wka whf.a foam< iem iïm;a meyer fkd.kS' kqÿka foa fkd.kS' tneúka Tyq
fidfrl= f,i .eryqï fkd,nhs' je/È ldu fiajkfhka j<lsk ;eke;a;d iudc
iïu;hkag .re lrkafkls' mjq,a Ôú;fha iodpdr iïmkak nj wdrlaId lrkafkls'
i;H.rel mqoa.,hd wka whf.a ikaksfõok whs;sh iqrlshs' fndre fkdlshhs' wkqka
fkdrjghs' tneúka Tyq úYajdijka;fhl= fõ' uoHidrh mßyrKh fkdlrkakd
iudcfha iduldó nj yd iqyo;dj wdrlaId lrhs' Tyq ukd isys kqjKska hq;= wfhls'
iduldó yd iqyo mqoa.,fhls'
fufia is,aj;d iudchg hym;la ñi whym;la fkdlrk neúka iudch Tyq m%sh
lrhs' tksid u Tyqg ´kE u msßila ueog ks¾Nh j msúish yels h'

4' isys uq,d fkdù l¨ßh lsÍu
ÿis,aj;a j lghq;= lrkakdf.a urKdikak fudfyd; w;sYh ìhlre h' ;ud isÿ
l< ish¨ je/È is;=jï mghla È.yeß l,l fuka Tyqg ueù fmfka' mrf,dj ms<sn|
ìh we;s fõ' miq;eú,a, o we;s fõ' urKska u;= wmdh.dó jk njg fmr ksñ;s
my< fõ' pqkao iQlßl urKdikak fudfydf;a W!rl= fuka lE.id ±ä fõokdjla
ú| ñh mrf,dj f.dia wmd.; jQ mqj; wm wid ;sfí' j¾;udkfha o m%dK>d;d§
m[ap ÿYapß;fha kshe,S Ôúldj .; l<jqka urKdikakfha ±ä fõokdjg;a
miq;eùug;a m;a jk wjia:d we;' iS,fha msysgd lghq;= l< ;eke;a;dg urKh
ìhlre w;a±lSula fkdfõ' ;ud iq.;shl u Wmok nj fyf;u fyd¢ka okshs' ;u
Ôú;h .ek miq;eú,s fkdjk fyf;u urKhg fkdie,S uqyqK fohs' ;ud l<
fyd| l%shd Tyqg isysm;a fjhs' Oïñl kï Wmdil;=ud urKdikak fudfydf;a §
iq.;sh u ±l isysfhka hq;=j l¨ßh l< nj wms wid we;af;uq'
5' urKska u;= iq.;sfhys Wm; ,eîu
nqÿ oyu wkqj ÿ.;sfha fyda iq.;sfha Wm; ,eîu isÿ jkafka wm úiska isÿ lrkq
,nk l=i,dl=i, l¾udkqrEmjhs' wl=i, l¾u l< ;eke;a;d urKska u;= ÿ.;sfha
WmÈk w;r wl=i,fhka je<lS l=i, l¾u l< ;eke;a;d urKska u;= iq.;s.dó fõ'
is,aj;d hkq mdml¾uhkaf.ka wl=i, l%shdjkaf.ka f;dr j Ôj;a jk ;eke;a;d h'
mj wl=i,h ms<sl=,a lrñka tu l%shdj,g Wmka ìh we;s j Ôj;a jk neúka o msk
l=i,h W;=ï fldg i,lñka tu l%shdjkag fhduq ù isák neúka o is,aj;d ÿ.;shg
fkdhhs' iq.;shl u Wm§' ;ud is,aj;a fkdfõ hehs o mõ lï lf<a hehs o fuf,dj
;efjk ;eke;a;d tksid u mrf,dj o ;efjhs' ÿ.;s.dó j ;j ;j;a ;efjhs' ;ud
is,aj;a hehs o mjqlï fkdflf<a hehs o fuf,dj i;=gq jk ;eke;a;d tksid u
mrf,dj o i;=gq fõ' iq.;sfha bmso i;=gq fõ' mõlï l< ÿis,aj;a mqoa.,hd ;=<
Wmokd wjika is;=ú,s mrmqr whym;a h' t;ekska Tyq ÿ.;shl Wm§' mjqlï fkdl<
is,aj;d ;=< Wmokd wjika is;=ú,s mrmqr hym;a h' tneúka Tyq iq.;shl u Wm§'
iS,fhys wdksixi mfyka uq,a i;r Ôj;a j isáh § u fyj;a fuf,dj § u is,aj;dg
w;a±lSï jYfhka ,nd .; yels tAjd h' tu wkqiia lsisfia;a u úYajdi ud;% fkdjk
nj wm ;rfha isys ;nd .; hq;= h'

idrdxYh
iS,h isß;a úß;a jYfhka fofldgils' l< hq;= foa isß;a jk w;r fkdl< hq;=
foa úß;a fõ' is,a /lSfuka ie,fik m%Odk wdksixi myla we;' tAjd kï uy;a jQ
fNda. iïm;a ysñ ùu" lS¾;sh me;sÍu" ´kE u msßila ueog ks¾Nh j t<öug yels
ùu" fkdìh j urKhg uqyqK §ug yels ùu" urKska miq iq.;sfhys Wm; ,eîu
jYfhks' is,aj;alñka mqoa., ixj¾Okh fuka u iudc ixj¾Okh o isÿ fõ'
l%shdldrlu
1' iS,fhka ,efnk wdksixi my kï lrkak'

2' YsIH Ôú;h id¾:l lr .ekSug WmldÍ jk hym;a .=Kdx. 10 la
,shkak'
3' is,aj;a ùu Ofkdamdhkhg Wmldrhls' fï ms<sn| Tfí woyia olajkak'
mejreu
iS,fhys wdksixY ±lafjk md,s mdGh fidhd ì;a;s mqj;am;l m,lrkak'
mqyqKqjg
fhda fÉ jiaii;x Ôfõ

ÿiaiSf,da wiudysf;da
taldyx Ôú;x fihafhda
iS, jka;iai ®dhsfkda
Ôïu moh - iyiai j.a.h&
ÿYaYS, j fkdikaiqka is;a we;s j wjqreÿ iShla Ôj;a ùug jvd is,aj;aj ikaiqka is;a
we;s j tl ojila Ôj;a ùu fYa%IaG h'

09 in|;d rlsk ñksia hq;=lï
lsisfjl=g ñksia iudch ;=< ;ks j" yqol,d j Ôj;a úh fkdyels h' jvd;a
m%S;su;a iykYS,S Ôú;hla .; lsÍu i|yd iudcfha Ôj;a jk mqoa.,hska w;r
iqyo iïnkaO;djla mj;ajd .ekSu w;HjYH nj nqÿrcdKka jykafia jod<y' tA
i|yd foaYkd lrk ,o iQ;% O¾u rdYshls' is.df,dajdo iQ;%h tjeks tla foaYkdjls'
iÈid kñka iudch fldgia yhlg fnod ±lafjk tys ta ta iudc lKavdhï w;r
wfkHdakH jYfhka mej;sh hq;= idrO¾u meyeÈ,s j olajd we;' th nqÿ oyu wkqj
fof,dj Èkk ms<sfj;la jYfhka o nqÿrcdKka jykafia ye¢ka jQ fial' tu iQ;%hg
wkqj uQ,sl iudc lKavdhï y÷kd .ksñka Tjqfkdjqka w;r in|;d mj;ajd .;
hq;= wkaou fï mdvfuka wms bf.k .ksuq'
WoEik yh ÈYdjlg kuialdr lrñka isá is.d, kï ;reKhl=yg ksje/È Èid

kuialdrh meyeÈ,s lrñka nqÿrcdKka jykafia úiska is.df,dajdo iQ;%h foaYkd
lrk ,È' tu iQ;%hg wkqj iudch ih wdldr fõ'
kef.kysr Èidj - ujq - mshka

ol=Kq Èidj - .=rejreka
ngysr Èidj - iajdñ Nd¾hdjka
W;=re Èidj - ys; ñ;=rka
hg Èidj - fiajH fiajlhka
Wv Èidj - meúÈ W;=uka
by; lS iÈidjkaf.ka woyia jk iudc fldgia

lsisjla yqol,d fkdfõ' Tjqyq ksiel j u wod<
iudc fldgia iu. ne£ isá;s' ujqmshka iy orejka"
.=rejreka iy YsIHhka" iajdñ mqreIhka iy Nd¾hdjka"
l=, mq;%hka iy ñ;=rka" iajdñjreka yd fiajlhka"
.syshka iy meúÈ W;=uka hkqfjks' fulS iudc fldgia
úiska tlsfkldg hq;=lï bgql< hq;= h' Od¾ñl jQ
fkdìf|k iudc in|;d f.dvkef.kqfha túghs'
hq;=lï bgq lsÍu hkq tlsfkldg fkdfhla whqßka
ix.%y lsÍu h' th iudc wdpdr O¾uhls¦ hym;a iudc
jd;djrKhla we;s ùug fnfyúka bjy,a jkakls'
thska ta ta iudc fldgia w;r úYajdih ;yjqre jk
w;r Tjqkaf.a wNsjDoaêh o ie,fihs'

ujqmsh - ¥ore in|;d
foudmshka yd orejka w;r hym;a in|;djla mj;ajd .ekSu fomlaIfha u ys;

iqj msKsi fya;= fõ' ujqmshka mQ¾j ÈYdjg ^ysre kef.k Èidjg& Wmud fldg
olajd we;' ujq l=i ms<sis| .;a oskfha mgka orefjl= we;s oeä lrkq ,nkafka
foujqmshka úisks' orejka mdi,g f.dia wl=re bf.kSug fmr ±k.; hq;= fndfyda
foa W.kajkq ,nkafka o foujqmshka úiska h' orefjl=g ksjfia § uqK .efik
foújre ujqmsfhda h' n%yauhka ;=< mj;sk fu;a;d" lreKd" uqÈ;d" WfmalaLd hk
i;r n%yau úyrKhkaf.ka o ujqmsfhda hqla; fj;s' tneúka ujqmsfhda mqíndpßh"
mqínfoaj" n%yau hk úfYaIK moj,ska o ye¢kafj;s'
orejkaf.ka foudmshkag bgq úh hq;= hq;=lï myla is.df,dajdo iQ;%fha olajd

we;'
1' ujqmshka fmdaIKh lsÍu
2' Tjqkaf.a lghq;= fidhd n,d bgq lr §u
3' foudmshka /l f.k wd l=, mrmqr yd Bg iïnkaO isß;a
úß;a wdrlaId lsÍu
4' foudmshkaf.ka ysñ jQ foa /l .ekSu
5' ujqmshka mrf,dj .sh miq mska wkqfudaoka lrùu
foudmshka fj;ska o fujeks u w.kd hq;=lï myla orejka fjkqfjka

bgqúh hq;= j ;sfí' tkï"
1' orejka jrÈka uqojd .ekSu
2' Tjqka hym;a lghq;=j, fhoùu
3' bf.kSfï lghq;=j, fhoùu
4' .e<fmk wdjdy újdy lr §u
5' iqÿiq l,ays iïm;a mjrd §u
fuu hq;=lï fomsßi u w;ska bgq fkdjk wjia:d iudcfha olakg ,efí' ta
ksid u foujqmshka yd orejka w;r fkdukdmlï we;s ù tA fomsßi w;r in|;d
ì|jeà ÿlg lk.dgqjg m;a j isák wjia:d fndfyda h' tfuka u ;u hq;=lï ksis
mßÈ bgq lsÍfuka idufhka yd iu.sfhka Ôj;a jk ujqmshka fuka u ¥ orefjda o
iudcfha iekis,sodhl Ôú; .; lr;ss' ta ksid foudmshka yd orejka ;u hq;=lï
ksis l, ksis f,i bgq lsÍug j. n,d .ekSu fomlaIfha u hym; msKsi fya;= fõ'

.=re - isiq in|;d
iudcfha olakg ,efnk ;j;a m%Odk iudc lKavdhï folla jkafka .=rejreka yd
YsIHhka h' Tjqka w;r in|;dj ukd j f.dvk.d .ekSug WmldÍ jk wfkHdaakH
hq;=lï bgq lsÍu fomlaIfha u j.lSuls' YsIHfhl= ;u foudmshka yereKq úg
.re l< hq;= msßi yeáhg O¾ufhys i|yka jkafka .=rejreka h' iudcfha hym;a
mqrjeisfhl= jYfhka Ôj;a ùug wjYH .=K O¾u yd pß; Yla;sh Ôú;hg tla
lrkafka .=rejrhdhs' is.df,dajdo iQ;%fha § .=rejreka olaIsK Èidjg iudk fldg
olajd we;af;a o YsIHhkaf.a ôlaIsKdj& mqo ie,ls,s ,eîug iqÿiq jk neúks' tfia u
YsIHkaf.a wNsjDoaêhg wjYH yqremqreÿlï ukd fia m%odkh lrkafka .=re W;=uka
jk neúks'
YsIHhl= úiska .=rejrhdg mia whqrlska ie,lsh hq;= nj nqÿrcdKka jykafia jod<y'
tkï
1' ÿgq úg yqkiafkka ke.sàu

2' wjYH Wmia:dk lsÍu
3' wjjdo wkqYdikdj,g uekeúka weyqïlka §u
4' wjYH lghq;= bgq lr §u
5' uekeúka bf.k .ekSu
.=rejrhd úiska o YsIHhkag lreKq mylska ix.%y l< hq;= nj nqÿrcdKka jykafia
fmkajd ÿkay'
1' uekeúka yslauùu

2' uekeúka b.ekaùu
3' okakd ish¨ Ys,am Ydia;% b.ekaùu
4' ;u ñ;%hkag YsIHhd y÷kajd §u
5' YsIHhd wdrlaId lr .ekSu
by; ±lajQ .=re-YsIH wfkHdakH hq;=lï bgq lsÍfuka mrudo¾YS hym;a iudchla
ìys ùug u. mEfohs' YsIHhska ;u .=rejrekag ksis .re ie,ls,s ±laúh hq;= h' ;u
.=rejreka ms<sn| úYajdihlska" we,aulska l%shd l< hq;= h' .=rejrhd fok Wmfoia
ms<smÈñka ;u ÈhqKqj i,id .; hq;= h' bf.kSu b;d ´kElñka Wkkaÿfjka l<
hq;= h' tfia lrk YsIHhka flfrys .=rejrhd ohdfjka lreKdfjka l%shd l<
hq;= h' YsIHhdf.a iq¿ jrola ÿgq úg l,lsÍug m;a fkdù Tjqkaf.a hym; i|yd
u. fmkajñka wdo¾Yj;a ùu w.fka h' fufia l%shd lrk úg wfkHdakH in|;dj
j¾Okh ù fomsßfia u ÈhqKqj ie,fia' iudchg o bka hym;la fjhs'

wUq - ieñ in|;d
iudchl jeo.;a u tAllh jk mjqf,a m%Odk u idudcslhka jkafka ìßh iy

ieñhdhs' mjq,a ixia:dfõ meje;au r|d mj;skafka ìßh;a ieñhd;a w;r we;s iïnkaOh
u; h' mjqf,a iduh;a i;=g;a ÈhqKqj;a ¥ orejkaf.a hym;;a ie,fikafka mjq,a
ixia:dfõ hymeje;au u; h' ngysr Èidj f,i oelafjk wUqieñ hq;=lï oyhls'
ieñhd ìßhg"
1' .re lsÍu

2' wjuka fkdlsÍu
3' mrodr fiajkfha fkdfh§u
4' f.or j.lSï mejÍu
5' we`ÿï me<`ÿï imhd §u
hk lreKq bgq l< hq;= h'
ìßh ieñhdg"

1' f.or lghq;= uekeúka ixúOdkh lsÍu
2' weiqre lrk msßig uekeúka ix.%y lsÍu
3' mrmqreI fiajkh fkdlsÍu
4' Wmhk ,o Okh wdrlaId lsÍu
5' iEu lghq;a;l u olaI ùu yd wk,ia ùu
hk lreKq bgq l< hq;= h'
wUq ieñ in|;d ì| jeàu ksid mjq,a ixia:dj uqyqK fokafka úYd, w¾nqohlg h'
tu ksid mjqf,a iduh o m%S;sh o ke;sù hhs' úYajdih m¿ÿ fõ' fuhska ¥ orefjda o
wirK fj;s' ks;r w`v onr we;sfõ' mjqf,a ÈhqKqj weK ysáhs' foúhl= yd foj`.kl
fuka wUq ieñhka Ôj;a jkq ±lSu nqÿ oyfï wfmalaIdjhs' by; olajk ,o idrO¾u
u; msysgd lghq;= lsÍu ieneúka u ta i|yd Wmldrhls' úYajdih o i;=g o
iduodkh o ;=<ska wUq ieñhkaf.a fuka u ¥ orejkaf.a o ÈhqKqj we;s lr .ekSug
ta Tiafia wjia:dj ie,fihs'
hy¿ - ñ;% in|;d
fm!oa.,sl lghq;=j, § fuka u fmdÿ lghq;=j, §;a ñ;%hskaf.a iydh wmg wjYH h'
ñ;%fhda fohdldr fj;s' iqyo;ajh we;s ñ;%hka fuka u jHdc ñ;=frda o fj;s' hym;a
ñ;%hka l,HdK ñ;%hka f,i;a jHdc ñ;%hka ñ;% m%;srEmlhka f,i;a nqÿ oyu

y÷kajd we;' l,HdK ñ;%hska weiqr;a ñ;% m%;srEmlhkaf.ka ÿria ùu;a fuf,dj
mrf,dj hym;g fya;= fõ' ñ;%hska w;r ukd in|;djla we;s ùug bjy,a jk
m%;sm;a;s oyhla nqÿrcdKka jykafia foaYkd lr we;' hym;a ñ;=rka W;=re Èidj
f,i y÷kajd we;af;a Wjÿrej,ska tf;r lrkjdh hk w¾:fhks' ñ;=rkag mia
whqrlska l=, mq;%hka úiska ix.%y l< hq;= nj is.df,dajdo iQ;%fha olajd we;af;a
fufia h'

1' ñ;=rdg wjYH foa §u
2' m%sh jpkfhka l:d lsÍu
3' ÈhqKqj i|yd lghq;= lsÍu
4' iudkd;au;dj ±laùu
5' fkd/jàu
l=, mq;%hl= úiska ñ;=rka fjkqfjka bgq lrkq ,nk fuu hq;=lï fomlaIh w;r
iïnkaOh ;yjre lrhs' ;u hym;a ñ;%hskag by; whqßka ix.%y l< úg tA ñ;=frda
lreKq mylska fufia ix.%y lr;s'
1' ÿisßf;ys jeà m%udo jQ ñ;=rd wdrlaId lr .ekSu

2' tn÷ ñ;=rdf.a jia;=j wdrlaId lr §u
3' ìhg m;a ñ;=rd bka uqod .ekSu
4' úm;g m;a ñ;=rd w;a fkdyeÍu
5' ñ;=rdf.a wUqorejkag ie,lSu
fufia ñ;=rd úiska bgq lrkq ,nk hq;=lï l=, mq;%hdf.a hym; msKsi u fõ'
l,HdK ñ;% weiqr wdOHd;añl ÈhqKqjg fuka u ndysr ÈhqKqjg o fya;= fjhs' by;
±lajQ whqßka wfkHdakH hq;=lï bgq ùfuka Tjqfkdjqka w;r iqyo;dj j¾Okh fõ'
tfuka u ñ;% m%;srEmlhka y÷kd f.k Tjqkaf.ka wE;a j úiSu o wmf.a Ôú;fha
ÈhqKqjg fya;= fjhs' fndfyda fofkl= ÿlg m;a jkafka mdm ñ;% fiajkh ksid h'
l,HdK ñ;%hd iEu úg u ;u ñ;%hdf.a ÈhqKqj" i;=g" hym; u wfmalaId lrhs'
fiajH - fiajl in|;d

is.df,dajdo iQ;%fha fiajH - fiajl iïnkaOh mj;ajd .ekSfï m%Odk j.lSu mjrd
we;af;a fiajH mlaIhg h' tu iQ;%fha fiajl mlaIh y÷kajd § we;af;a hg ÈYdj
f,i h' thska woyia lrkafka l¾udka; jHdmdr wdÈfha ÈhqKqj r|d mj;skafka
wem lem ù l%shd lrk ld¾hY+r fiajl Yla;sh u;h hkakhs' fiajlhka ;Dma;su;a
jk whqßka l%shd lsÍu fiajHhkaf.a fyj;a ydïmq;=kaf.a hq;=lu nj nqÿrcdKka
jykafia foaYkd lr we;'

fiajHhd úiska fiajlhdg l< hq;= ix.%yh mia wdldr fõ'

1' fiajlhdf.a Yla;s m%udKhg jev mejÍu
2' iqÿiq mßÈ wdydr yd jegqma ,nd §u
3' fi!LH myiqlï imhd §u
4' ñysß wdydrmdk wdÈh ksis f,i fnod §u
5' iqÿiq wjia:djkays úfõl §u
fufia fiajHhd úiska bgq lrkq ,nk fuu lreKq fiajlhdf.a ÈhqKqj msKsi h'
fiajlhska iajdñhd flfrys ms<smeÈh hq;= wkaou lreKq mylska fufia olajd we;'
1' iajdñhdg m<uq j msì§u

2' iajdñhdg miq j ksod .ekSu
3' iajdñhd ÿka foa muKla .ekSu
4' jev lghq;= b;d fyd¢ka lsÍu
5' iajdñhdf.a .=K j¾Kkd lsÍu
fiajlhdf.a fï hq;=lï iajdñhdf.a ÈhqKqj msKsi h'
fiajH fiajl fomlaIh w;r wfkHdakH úYajdih" lemùu yd WmldÍ;ajh wdh;khl

ÈhqKqjg uy;a fia n,mdkakls' ydïmq;=ka yd fiajlhka fufia tlsfkldg hq;=lï
bgq lsÍu j¾;udkfha fndfyda wdh;kj, mj;sk fiajH fiajl .egqï j<lajd
.ekSug WmldÍ jkafka h' fomlaIhg u fiajd ia:dkh m%ikak ;ekla njg m;afõ'
fiajHhdf.a ksis ix.%yh ,efnk úg fiajlhd uy;a lemùfuka ;u hq;=lï bgq
lsÍug fm<fò' jxpksl l%shd wvq fõ' wdh;kfha ÈhqKqj" fiajH fiajl ÈhqKqjg
fuka u iudcfha ÈhqKqjg o rel=,la fõ'
.sys - meúÈ in|;d
±yeñ iudchl moku jkafka ukd .sys-meúÈ in|;djhs' .syshka w;r mej;sh hq;=
wfkHdakH in|;dj mj;ajk wkaou nqÿrcdKka jykafia is.df,dajdo iQ;%fha §
foaYkd lr we;' nqÿ oyfï .sys mlaIh Wmdil Wmdisld f,i o meúÈ mlaIh NslaIq
NslaIQKs f,i o y÷kajhs' .sys meúÈ fomsßi w;r in|;dj fmr lS mßÈ fiiq iudc
lKavdhï w;r mj;akd in|;djkag jvd W;a;Í;r ;;a;ajhla u; f.dv ke.S
we;' ta ksid u mQcH mlaIh Wv ÈYdj f,i ye¢kaù we;' ñksia j¾.hdf.a W;a;Í;r
njg bjy,a jk oyï u. fmkajd fok" meúÈ W;=uka wdrlaId lsÍu fuka u
fmdaIKh o .sys mlaIh úiska l< hq;= h' meúÈ W;=uka ;ukag wdñifhka ix.%y
lrk" ;uka wdrlaId lrk" fmdaIKh lrk .syshdg O¾u odkfhka ix.%y l<
hq;= h' .syshka meúoaokag l< hq;= ix.%yh iÈid kuialdrfhys fufia olajd we;'

1' ffu;%S iy.; j l%shd lsÍu
2' ffu;%S iy.; j l:d lsÍu
3' ffu;%S iy.; is;a my< lr .ekSu
4' ksjig meñKs úg i;=áka ms<s.ekSu
5' wdñifhka ix.%y lsÍu
.syshd bgq lrk fuu hq;=lï meúÈ W;=ukaf.a hy meje;aug fya;= fjhs' .sys
mlaIfhka fufia ix.%y flfrk úg meúÈ mlaIh yh wdldrhlska .syshkag ix.%y
l< hq;= h'
1' múka je<elaùu

2' hym;a l%shdj, fhoùu
3' fyd| ys;ska u wkqlïmd lsÍu
4' wid fkdue;s foh lshd §u
5' wid we;s foh jvd;a meyeÈ,s lr §u
6' iq.;shg u. fmkaùu
fuu lreKq ihska meúÈ mlaIh .syshd fj; ;u hq;=lï bgq lsÍu .syshdf.a hym;
msKsi fõ'
NslaIQka jykafia,df.ka yd NslaIqKSka jykafia,df.ka iukaú; jQ fn!oaO meúÈ

iudch o Wmdil Wmdisldjkaf.ka hq;a .sys iudch o w;r we;s iïnkaOh iïnqoaO
Ydikfha fuka u .sys iudcfha o msÍySu j<ld,kakls¦ ÈhqKqj Wodlrjkakls'
mrudo¾YS meúÈ W;=uka .syshka úiska rlaIKh" fmdaIKh l< hq;= h' th fomlaIhg
u M,odhl fjhs' tfia u meúÈ W;=uka úiska o ish odhlldrld§ka jk .sys
iudchg wjYH hym;a u. fmkaùï l< hq;= h'
fufia by; olajk ,o Èid jYfhka ih wdldr jQ;a msßia jYfhka fodf<dia
wdldr jQ;a iudc fldÜGdi w;r tlsfkldg bgq l< hq;= hq;=lï fyj;a ix.%yhka
ksis mßÈ bgq lsÍu iudc hym;g úúOdldrfhka n,mdhs' tlsfkl iudc
lKavdhï w;r wfkHdakH úYajdih" ne£u we;s fõ' yqol,d nj myj hhs' ñ;%;ajh
f.dv kef.a' ÿl - iem fnod yodf.k Ôj;a fjhs' wfkHdakH úril ùï" .egqï"
ì| jeàï iudcfhka ;=rka fõ' iduh iu.sh ;yjqre fjhs' f,dj wNsjDoaêhg o
iemj;a ùug o fya;=jla fõ' fufia iuia; iudcfha u ÈhqKqjg wfkHdakH hq;=lï
bgq lsÍu W.kajk iÈid kuialdrh" buy;a msájy,la jk nj lsj yels h'

idrdxYh
iudc lKavdhï w;r wfkHdakH iïnkaOh iudchl hymeje;afï mokuhs' tA

i|yd iÈid kuialdrh ;=<ska is.df,dajdo iQ;%fha isÿ lr we;s u. fmkaùu b;d
jeo.;a h' nqÿrcdKka jykafia ta ta iudc fldgia w;r bgq úh hq;= hq;=lï
iúia;r j is.df,dajdo iQ;%fha § foaYkd lr we;' tajd ksis f,i bgq lsÍfuka iudc
iyfhda.h iduh fuka u ÈhqKqj yd i;=g o <`.d lr .; yels nj ksiel j u lsj
yels h'
l%shdldrlu
1' mx;sh lKavdhï yhlg fn§ iÈidfjka olajk hq;=lï fjk fjku ,shd
olajkak'
2' hq;=lï bgq fkdlsÍfuka mqoa., ÈhqKqj fuka u iudc ÈhqKqj o ì|

jefgk wdldrh l=uk fyda iudc lKavdhula ksoiqkla f,i f.k
meyeÈ,s lrkak'
mejreu
ud;d ms;d Èid mqínd

wdpßhd olaÅKd Èid
mq;a;odrd Èid mÉPd
ñ;a;duÉpd p W;a;rd

odi lïulrd fyÜGd
WoaOx iuK n%dyauKd
tA;d Èid kuiafihah
w,u;af:da l=f,a .sys
îs.df,dajdo iQ;%h&
hk .:dj lg mdvï lr tys we;=<;a lreKq B igyklska fmkajd fokak'

10 reÿre ñksiqka w;r
fjuq wms fid÷re ñksiqka
fk¿u fyj;a mshqu hkq iqkaor mqIamhls' nqÿ oyfuys fkdfhla ;ek fk¿u Wmud
fldg oyï foid ;sfí' fk¿ï w,h me< ù fk¿ï .i jefvkafka uv iys;
wmsßisÿ c,fhys h' tfy;a tys yg .kakd fk¿u msßisÿ h' fkdmeyem;a uv Èfhys
meyem;a fk¿u úlis; fõ' fufia ufvys yg f.k thska u fmdaIKh ,enQj o
tys fkd.Eù bka Wvg u;=ù iqisks÷ j iqj|j;a j m%ikak j fk¿ï u, úlis; fõ'
fk¿u olsk wm is;aj, WmÈkafka myka is;=ú,s h' nqÿrcdKka jykafia meyem;a"
iqisks÷ fk¿ï u,la jeks hehs nqÿ oyu meyeÈ,s lrhs' Wka jykafia wmsßisÿ
uv f.dfydrej weiqre lr .;a c,l|la fuka rd.d§ flf,iaa u, ksid ¥Is; j
isák ñksiqka iys; jQ fï f,dalfhys jev isáhy' tfy;a tA flf,ia uv j.=frys
fkd.s¨Ky' rd.d§ ish¨ flf,ia u,ska f;dr j Wka jykafia nen¿fKa uv iys;
c,fha fkd;ejÍ by<g u;= jQ fk¿ï u,la fia h'
fødaK hkq nuqfKls' ñksiqkaf.a wx. ,laIK n,d Tjqka y÷kd .; yels Ydia;%hla
fyf;u ±k isáfha h' Èkla uy u. i,l=Kq ù ;snQ mshigykla ±l fyf;u
úuis,su;a úh' tfy;a .uka fldg we;af;a ljfrl= ±hs ±k .ekSug fødaK nuqKdg
fkdyels úh' fyf;u mshigyka wkqj mshjr ;enQ ;eke;a;d fidhñka .uka
lf<a h' wjik Tyqg yuq jQfha m%fndaOj;a j yd ikaiqka j .ila uq, jev isá
nqÿrcdKka jykafia h' Wka jykafia ljfrla ±hs ±k .kq leu;s jQ fødaK Tn
foúfhla o" .dkaO¾jfhla o" hlaIfhla o" ukqIHfhla ±hs ms<sfj<ska úuid isá
kuq;a Wka jykafia jodf<a ;ud ta lsisfjl= fkdjk nj h' nqoaO kï jk nj h'
foúfhda o" .dkaO¾jfhda o" hlaIfhda o" ukqIfhda o rd.d§ flf,ia iys; is;a
we;af;da h' tfy;a nqÿrcdKka jykafia rd.d§ flf,ia u,ska f;dr jQ msßisÿ is;a
we;s W;=ul= jk fial' úf,ys yg .kakd fk¿ï jqj o úúOdldr h' iuyr fk¿ï
ufvys u yg f.k ufvys u je;sÍ uv Èh iu. tla j fmdl=Kq m;=f,ys u /£ isà'
iuyr fk¿ï uv c,h iu. iu j isà' uv iys; fmdl=Kq m;af,ka by<g ke.=Kq
uv Èh blaujd hdug tu fk¿ï wiu;a j we;' fï w;r ufvys yg f.k thska u
hefmk iuyr fk¿ï th blaujd by<g u;= ù isà' úlis; j m%fndaOj;a j nn<hs'
uv Èfhys fkd.Efõ' flf,ia u, we;s úúOdldr jQ i;a;ajhska jik fï f,dalh o
uv c,h msreKq fmdl=Kla jeks h' tys iuyr fk¿ï u,a fuka iuyr ñksiaiq
flf,ia uv j.=frys u we,S .e,S isá;s' thska .e,ù biau;= ùug wiu;a fj;s' ;j;a
iuyre uv Èh yd iu j isák fk¿ï fuka flf,ia yd iu j isà' thska by<g
ta flf,ia u, blaujd hdug wiu;a fj;s' tfy;a uv j;=frka by<g u;=ù tys

fkd.Eù isák fk¿ï u,a fuka nqoaOd§ W;=fuda flf,ia uv j;=frka by<g ke.S tys
fkd.Eù jev ji;s' tu Ôú;h ye¢kafjkafka moaudldr Ôú;h hkqfjks'
iudcfha iuyre b;d fkdÈhqKq wju fm!reI we;af;da h' Tjqka ufvys u .e,S isák
fk¿ï fmdfydÜgq jeks h' ;j;a iuyre uOHu j¾Okh iys; fm!reI we;af;da h'
Tjqka uv c,h yd iu j isák fk¿ï fmdfydÜgq jeks h' nqoaOd§ W;=fuda W;a;u
fm!reI we;af;da h' Wka jykafia,d .; lrkafka moaudldr Ôú;hls' flf,ia
iys; mqyqÿka ñksia iudch ;=< u bmso thska u hemS th blaujd tys fkd.eà
jev isàug Wka jykafia,d iu;a j we;s nj wuq;=fjka lsj hq;= fkdfõ' nqoaO
Y%djlfhda o tA wkqj .sfhda h' wkaO jQ mqyqÿka ñksiqka w;r nqoaO Y%djlhd uy u.
wi, le,s li, u;af;ys we;s iqj|j;a iqkaor fk¿ula fia kqjKska nn<kafka h'
fn!oaOhka jk wmf.a mrudo¾Yh jkafka nqÿrcdKka jykafia;a" kslaf,aYS jQ

Y%djlhska jykafia,d;a h' tu wdo¾Yh wkqj wmf.a is;=ï" me;=ï yd yeisÍï ilia
lr .; hq;= fjhs' mqoa.,hd keue;s fk¿u úlis; jkafka ñksia iudch keue;s
fmdl=fKa h' wms ieu tu fmdl=fKys ye§ jevqKq ñksiqka fjuq' wmf.a Wm;"
ms<sis| .ekSu yd ìys ùu wmsßisÿ h' wm ye§ jefvkafka o" úhm;a jkafka o"
wOHdmkh ,nkafka o" Èkqï - merÿï" jdis - wjdis" kskaod - m%YxidÈh ú¢kafka o"
i;=áka fuka u wi;=áka jikafka o fï iudch ;=< u h' wúoHdfjka wkaO jQ
rd.d§ flf,iaj,ska ¥Is; jQ f,dalh ;=< h' tfy;a fn!oaOhka jYfhka wm tu
f,dalfha u we,S .e,S isàu w÷ßka w÷rg hduls' ÿlska ÿlg u m;a ùuls' jrÈka
jrog u fm<öuls' nqoaOd§ W;=ukaf.a wdo¾Yh wkqj iudcfha isák wms wmsßisÿ uv
c,h blaujd .sh fk¿ula fuka iudch blaujd hd hq;= h' wúoHd ;DIaKdÈfhys u
we,S.e,S fkdisg bka Tíng hd hq;= h' iir ÿflys u fkd.e,S by<g u;= úh
hq;= h' wju yd uOHu fm!reI we;a;jqka fkdù Wmßu fm!reIh fj; <`.d úh
hq;= h'
f,dalh wkqfida;.dó h' .`. my<g u we§hkafka h' ñksiaiq rd.fhka rd.hg u
h;s' oafõYfhka oafõYhg u h;s' fudayfhka fudayhg u h;s' ldufhka lduhg u
h;s' ffjrfhka ffjrhg u h;s' nqÿ oyu máfida;.dó h' tkï wm há.ï n,d
hdu yermshd Wvq.ï n,d hdug fmd<Ujkafka h' ¥Is; iudch ;=< u /£ thg u
wkq.; ùu wkqjKluls' kqjKe;a;d ¥Is; iudcfha w¥Is; ;eke;af;ls' ÿisß;a
lrk ñksiqka iys; iudcfha iqisß;a jvk ;eke;af;l= fõ' wl=i,a lrk ñksiqka
w;r l=i,a lrkakl= fjhs' mõlï lrkakjqka w;r msxlï lrkakl= fjhs' th
moaudldr Ôú;h wkq.ukh lsÍuls' nqÿrcdKka jykafia yd Wka jykafiaf.a
Y%djlhska wdo¾Yhg .ekSuls' —ffjr lrkakjqka w;r ffjr fkdlr wms iqjfia
jikafkuq' wffjÍ j Ôj;a jkafkuq' rd.d§ flf,ia ksid frda.S jQ ñksiqka w;r
wms flf,ia f,v fkdue;s j iqjfia jikafkuq' kSfrda.S j Ôj;a jkafkuq' mialï
iem fiùfuys u Wkkaÿ jkakka w;r wms tn÷ Wkkaÿjlska f;dr j iqjfia Ôj;a
jkafkuq' W;aiql ñksiqka w;r wkq;aiql j jdih lrkafkuq˜ hehs nqÿrcdKka
jykafia jod<y'

mdi,a isiqka jk wms o iudcfha fldgialrefjda fjuq' iudch ;=< fkdfhla
wdldrfha ÿisß;a wmrdO nyq, j we;s nj wms oksuq' tfy;a tfia ÿisß;a lrk
ñksiqka w;r iqisß;a jvñka Èú f.jkakg wm iu;a úh hq;= h' wmg iudcfhka
m,d f.dia yqol,dj isáh fkdyels h' úúO ÿn,;d iys; úúO fkdmk;alï
nyq, je/È l%shdj,ska hqla; jQ úúOdldr ñksia pß; we;s iudcfha u wm o Ôj;a
úh hq;= h' tfy;a fn!oaO orejka jYfhka tn÷ iudchl Ôj;a jk wm j. n,d
.; hq;af;a th blaujd hdughs' iudc úfrdaë" úkh úfrdaë yd kS;s úfrdaë
ls%hdjka wm jgd isÿ fjoa§;a ta lsisfjl fkd.eà fkdwe,S ta ish,a, u blaujd .sh
fm!reIhla f.dvk.d .ekSug wm iu;a úh hq;= h' tfuka u wm iu. Ôj;a jk
fkdfhl=;a je/Èj,g fm<fUk wmf.a ys;ñ;=rka o bka uqojd .ekSug wm l%shd
l< hq;= h' mj;sk wúêu;a wmsßisÿ iudc m%jdyhg u yiq fkdù th blaujd hdu"
uv f.dfydre iudc l%ufha u ;j;a iudðlhl= fkdùu wmf.a j.lSuhs' tfia l%shd
lrkakd moaudldr Ôú;hla .; lrkafkls'
idrdxYh
nqoaOd§ W;=fuda uv Èfhys bmso bka u;= jQ úlis; mshqï jekafkda h' tu moaudldr
Ôú;h wm o wdo¾Yhg .; hq;= h' ñksiaiq mjg keUqre ù f,daN" fodai" fuday
wd§ is;=ú,sj,ska hqla; j úúO ¥IK" wmrdO wd§ wl%ñl;dj, ksr; fj;s' wmf.a
j.lSu jkafka tn÷ je/È lrkakjqka w;r ksje/È foa lsÍuhs' je/È nyq, iudchl
ksje/È Ôú;hla .; lsÍuhs' wmsßisÿ is;a i;ka we;s ñksiqka w;r msßisÿ is;a i;ka
we;s j úiSuhs' th nqoaOd§ W;=ukaf.a wdo¾Yhhs' moaudldr Ôú;hhs'
l%shdldrlu
1' moau Wmudj wkqj nqÿrÿka jod< ;s%úO mqoa.,hska kï lrkak'

2' moaudldr Ôú;h nqÿ isßf;a WodyrK folla weiqßka meyeÈ,s lrkak'
3 YsIHhl= jYfhka Tn o moaudldr Ôú;hla .; l< hq;af;a flfia ±hs myokak'

mqyqKqjg
iqiqLx j; Ôjdu - fõßfkaiq wfõßfkda

fõßfkaiq ukqiafiaiq - úyrdu wfõßfkda
Ôïu moh - iqL j.a.h&
wms ffjr lrkakjqka w;r wffjÍ j iqjfia jdih lruq'

11 wfmalu iy iyÔjkh
iyÔjkh kï idufhka" iu.sfhka" iyfhda.fhka Ôj;a ùuhs' tluq;= j lghq;=

lsÍuhs' th ñksia iudchl ;sìh hq;= Wiia ,laIKhla f,i nqÿoyu i,lhs'
—iujdfhda tj idOQ˜ iu.sh u hym;s' —iu.a.d fyda: ud újo:˜ iu.s jkak
újdo fkdlrkak fï nqÿrcdKka jykafia § we;s Wmfoia h' wiu.sfha wd§kj
fuka u iu.sfha wdksYxi o nqoaO foaYkdj,;a fn!oaO l:d jia;=j,;a W.kajd
;sfí' iu.sfhka yd i;=áka újdo fkdlr lsß iy c,h fuka mEyS tluq;= j
tlsfkld foi m%sh weiska n,ñka Ôj;a ùu nqÿrcdKka jykafia úiska fkdfhla
úg w.h lr ;sfí'
fn!oaO b.ekaùï wkqj tn÷ iduhla" iu.shla" iyÔjkhla we;s ùug kï wm

we;eï ydkslr wdl,amj,ska neyer úh hq;= h' tfia u fndfyda hym;a wdl,am jeä
ÈhKq lr.; hq;= h' wd.u" cd;sh" l=,h jeks lreKq uq,a fldg f.k tlsfkld
foi ffjrfhka" fkdi;=áka ne,Su nqÿ oyu wkqu; fkdlrhs' nqÿrcdKka jykafia
wjjdofhka fuka u wdo¾Yfhka o úúO wd.ï iy cd;s ksfhdackh lrk ñksiqka
iu. iyÔjkfhka lghq;= lsÍug u. fmkajQy' ;uka fj; meñKs fjk;a u;OdÍka
iqyo j ms<sf.k §¾> f,i idlÉPd l<y' we;eï úg Tjqka ±rE u;j, wvqmdvq
fmkajd ÿka kuqÿ iqyo;ajh ke;s lr fkd.;ay' tfia u we;eï úg fjk;a ck
fldgia w;r iïNdjkdjg ,la jQ fyd| foa ms<s.;ay' tn÷ foa fn!oaOhka úiska o
wkq.ukh l< hq;= hehs jod< wjia:d ;sfí' tfia u Wka jykafia fjk;a u;jdo
bjiQy' ksr;=re j u ueÿï ms<sfj; .re lrñka l%shd l<y' wkH wd.ñl wdrduj,g
mjd jevu lrñka fjk;a wd.ñl W;=uka iu. iqyo idlÉPd isÿ l<y' iuyr
wd.ñl W;=uka nqÿrcdKka jykafia yuqjg meñKs ieá o" b;d WKqqiqï f,i .re
isß;a fmr±ß j Wka jykafia ms<s.;a ieá o iQ;% foaYkdj, úia;r fõ'
fn!oaO b.ekaùï wkqj iir ÿlg cd;shla" wd.ula fyda l=,hla ke;' ish¨ cd;s
wd.ï l=,j,g wh;a j ñksiaiq WmÈ;s' f,v frda. wdÈfhka mSvd ú¢;s' uy¨ ù ñh
h;s' wm%shhka yd tla ùug;a" m%shhkaf.ka fjka ùug;a Tjqka ieug isÿ fõ' leue;s
foa fkd,eîu;a ish¨ ñksiqkag Wreu h' nqÿoyfï uQ,sl wjOdkh fhduq ù we;af;a
fulS iir ÿl .ekhs' cd;sh" wd.u" l=,h" l=ula jqj o ñksia j¾.hd bÈßfha we;s
uQ,sl uyd .eg¨j kï iir ÿl h' ÿl" ÿl we;s ùu" ÿl ke;s lsÍu" ÿl ke;s
lsÍfï u. b.ekafjk p;=rd¾h i;H O¾uh ;=< cd;shla" wd.ula .ek lshfjkafka
ke;' ;%s,laIKh o tfia h' ish,a, wks;H h" tneúka ÿla iys; h' wkd;au h'
tys § o cd;s wd.ï wd§ fjkialï wod< fkdfõ' máÉp iuqmamdoh fyj;a fya;=M,

O¾uh o ish¨ cd;Skag wd.ñlhkag fmdÿ h' fufia uQ,sl fn!oaO b.ekaùï lsisjl
cd;s wd.ï l=, fyda fjk;a úfYaI;ajhka .ek wjOdkh fhduq lr ke;' fn!oaO
m%;smodj o tf,iska u cd;sl wd.ñl úIu;dj,ska f;dr jQjls' mxpYS,h tla
ksoiqkla fõ' mrmK keiSu mdmhla" jrola f,i W.kajk nqÿ oyu cd;sh wd.u
fyda i;a;aj fldÜGdih l=ula jqj o th iir ÿla we;s lrk" wm úiska fkdl< hq;="
w;ay< hq;= mdmhla f,i fmkajd § we;' ysxikh o thg u we;=<;a h' fï whqßka
wka i;= foa .ekSfuka" lduñ;Hdpdrfha fh§fuka" /jàfuka" ljr ;eke;af;l=g
fyda ydks lsÍu nqÿ oyu wkqu; fkdlrhs' tys § l=uk wd.ulg fyda cd;shlg fyda
wh;a jqj o ñksfil=g tn÷ wjevla lsÍfuka j<lsk f,i W.kajhs'
nqÿ oyfuys b.ekafjk odkh" cd;sh" wd.u ie,ls,a,g f.k l< hq;a;la fkdfõ'
ljr cd;shlg" wd.ulg wh;a jqj o ñksfil=g fyd| ys;ska i;=áka oka §u"
mß;Hd. lsÍu mskaluls' ms%h jpk l:d lsÍfï § o wd.ï cd;s wd§ fjkialï
fkdie,fla' ljr cd;slfhl=" wd.ñlfhl= jqj o fndrefjka /jàu" fla,ñka
ì|ùu" ysia jokska uq,d lsÍu" r¿ jokska fjfyig m;a lsÍu jrols¦ mdmhls'
w¾:p¾hdj hkq wkqkaf.a ÈhqKqjg Wojq lsÍuhs' tys § cd;s" wd.ï i,ld ne,sh hq;=
hehs lshd ke;' iudkd;au;dfjka ix.%y lrñka cd;sl wd.ñl iu.sh" iyÔjkh
f.dvk.d .ekSug by; lS isjq i`.rdj; u. fmkajhs'
isjq nU úyrK o tf,iska u cd;sl" wd.ñl fjkialïj,ska f;dr h' nqÿrcdKka

jykafia jod< ffu;s%h ish¨ i;a;ajhkaghs' ys;j;a whg fuka u wys;j;a whg o
fn!oaOfhda fu;a jv;s¦ fi; iem; Ydka;sh ,efíjdhs is;;s¦ lreKdj olaj;s¦ ljr
cd;shlg wd.ulg wh;a jqj o ñksfil=f.a ÿll § lïmkh fj;s¦ wkqlïmd lr;s¦
ohdj olaj;s¦ ldf.a jqj o ÈhqKqfõ § i;=gq fj;s¦ B¾IHd fkdlr;s¦ wl=,a fkdfy,;s'
cd;sl wd.ñl úúO;ajh ;=< fn!oaOfhda WfmalaId iy.; fj;s¦ uOHia: j is;;s'
w;a;+mkdhsl O¾u m¾hdh fyj;a ;ud Wmud fldg wkqka .ek is;kakg W.kajd
we;s nqÿ oyug cd;sh" wd.u ms<sn| úIu;d wod< jkafka ke;'
nqÿrcdKka jykafia lsis úgl;a iuld,Sk j mej;s wd.ñl woyiaj,g tfrys

fkdjQy' od¾Yksl j tajd úfõpkh lsÍu tfrys ùula fkdfõ' WfmalaIdfjka yd
iudkd;au;dfjka hq;= j ueÿï ms<sfj; u; msysgd l%shd l< Wka jykafia fjk;a
wd.ïj,g wjYH f.!rjh ±lajQy' fn!oaOhka jk wm tu wdo¾Yh u; lghq;=
lsÍu w.fka h' fjk;a wd.ïj,g fuka u wd.ñl isoaOia:dkj,g o .re lsÍu;a
ydks fkdlsÍu;a wmf.a hq;=lula fjhs' wmg wm ms<s.kakd wd.u oyu wkqj lghq;=
lsÍug ksoyi we;a;d fia u wka wd.ñlhkag o tu ksoyi we;s nj isys ;nd
.; hq;a;ls' tA wkqj fjk;a cd;sj,g wd.ïj,g wh;a ck fldgia iu. iqyo j
ñ;%YS,S j lghq;= lsÍug nqÿ isßf;ka o nqÿ oyñka o wmg u. fmkajd ;sfí' fuu
b.ekaùï weiqßka fmdaIKh jqKq w;S; Y%S ,dxflah fn!oaOfhda" wkHd.ñlhka" wkH
cd;slhka iu. iqyo j Ôj;a jQy' wd.ñl iu.sh hkq ish¨ wd.ï weoySu fkdfõ'
iEu wd.ulska u W.kajkafka tl u fohls hk ir, yd je/È ms<s.ekSu o fkdfõ'

ta nj fyd¢ka ±k isá Y%S ,dxflah fn!oaOhd lf<a wkHd.ñl W;aij ;uka úiska
mj;ajkq ,eîu fkdfõ¦ wkHd.ñlhkag ;u wd.ñl lghq;= ksoyfia lr .ekSug
ndOd fkdlrñka ;u fn!oaO ms<sfj;a ukd j ms<sme§uhs' wkkH;dj iq/lSu hkq
thhs' iu.sh fjkqfjka ;ukaf.alu" wfmalu mdjd §u Y%S ,dxflah fn!oaOhdf.a
isß; fkdfõ'
fn!oaOhka jYfhka wm l< hq;af;a ±yeñ /lshdjka h' w±yeñ Ofkdamdhkh

w;ayer ±yeñ Ofkdamdhkfhka îïud wdÔjfhka& Ôj;a ùug nqÿ oyu W.kajhs'
tkï ;udg fuka u wkqkag o wjevla fkdjk Èú meje;auhs' fuu b.ekaùu u;
ish Ôjk rgdj f.dvk.d .;a Y%S ,dxlsl fn!oaOhd uq,a ;ek ÿkafka lDIsl¾uh"
fjf<|du jeks ±yeñ /lshdjkag h' oE; fomh fjfyijd oyÈh j.=rjd yß yïn
lr .ekSu uÈ mqxÑ lula f,i fkdie,lS h' l=Uqf¾" fyafka wiajekak ish,a, u
fk<d .;af;a ke;' l=re,a,kag o fldgila b;sß lsÍu isß; úh' j.d md¨ lrk
i;=ka urd ±óu fjkqjg lf<a Tjqkaf.ka j.dj wdrlaId lr .ekSug fjk;a Wml%u
Ndú; lsÍuhs' .jhka we;s lrkafka uia msKsi fkdj lDIs ld¾ñl lghq;= i|yd
iy lsß ,nd .ekSug h' uig i;=ka we;s fkdlsÍu wfma wkkH;djhs'
w¨;a wjqreÿ W;aijh ye¢kafjkafka isxy, fou< hk úfYaIK mo iys; j h'

tys § wm uq,a ;ek fokafka isxy, yd fn!oaO isß;a úß;aj,g h' mqKH ld,h
.; lrkafka f;rejk jkaokd lrñka ujqmshka jeäysáhka lud lr .ksñka h'
kEoEhka w;r" wi,ajdiSka w;r wiu.slï ke;s lr .ekSug" iqyo;dj jeä lr

.ekSug wjqreÿ pdß;% fhdod .ekSu wfma isß; h' iqrdjg iQÿjg uq,a ;ek §u wfma
wkkH;dj ke;s lr .ekSuls'
.xj;=r" iq<s iq<x" kdh hEï" ksh.h wdÈ iajdNdúl úm;aj,g cd;shla ke;" wd.ula
ke;" l=,hla ke;' iqkdñ jHikh óg fyd| u ksoiqkls' tys § f,dalfha rgj,a
rdYshl o Y%S ,xldfõ Èia;%slal .Kkdjl o úiQ úúO wd.ï weoyQ úúO cd;Skag
wh;a ñksiaiq úm;g m;a jQy¦ wx.úl, jQy¦ ish¨ iïm;a wysñ jQy' wirK jQy¦
úúO wd.ïj,g yd fkdfhla cd;Skag we;=<;a mjq,aj, fndfyda orefjda o úúO
úm;aj,g uqyqK ÿkay' fun÷ wdmodmkak wjia:djl § wm l%shd l< hq;af;a
ksielj u iyÔjkfhks" iudkd;au;dfjks" iu.sfhks' cd;sh" wd.u ie,ls,a,g
f.k fkdfõ' tn÷ wdmod j<lajd .; yelafla o tn÷ úm;lska ñÈh yelafla o wm
tfia l%shd lsÍfuks' tldjka j lem ùfuka lghq;= lrñka tlsfkldg Wmldr lrñka
jdo fNao w;ayer tluq;= j lghq;= lsÍuhs" wm l< hq;af;a' fuu wkkH;dj ukd j
m%lg lrñka Y%S ,dxflah fn!oaO ck;dj l%shd l< whqre iqkdñ jHikfha § olakg
,eìKs' iafõÉPdfjka u ixúOdkh ù wdmodmkak m%foaYj,g f.dia cd;sl;ajh"
wd.ñl Ndjh fkdúuid wirKhkag Wmldr l< w;r tys § uq,a ;ek .;af;a
mkai, h'
mdi," frday," nia kej;=u yd tys we;s ish¨ foa fuka u ux udj;a wdÈh o wm
ldg;a fmdÿ h' tAjd ;kd we;af;a tla cd;shlg wh;a fyda tla wd.ula woyk
ñksiqka i|yd fyda fkdfõ' wm ish¨ fokd i|yd h' tajdhska fiajh ie,fikafka o
wm ish¨ fokdg u h' tn÷ fmdÿ foam< yd fiajd ia:dkj,g cd;shla wd.ula ke;'
tneúka tajdg ydks fkdlsÍu;a" tajd /l .ekSu;a ish¨ cd;Skag" ish¨ wd.ñlhkag
wh;a hq;=luls' tn÷ lghq;=j, § o wmg cd;sl wd.ñl iyÔjkh wjYH fjhs' wm
fn§ issáh fyd;a tAjd /l .; fkdyels h' tajdhska ksis m%fhdack .ekSug o bvla
fkd,efí'
fufia nqÿ oyu o nqÿ isß; o wkqj wm cd;sl wd.ñl iyÔjkfhka l%shd lrk
w;r u wmf.a wkkH;dj o /l .ekSug j. n,d .; hq;= h' wmg wfmalula we;'
wfkla wd.ñlhkag yd cd;slhkag o Tjqkaf.alula we;' Tjqka úiska o Tjqkaf.a
wd.u" cd;sh" isß;a-úß;a" mQckSh ia:dk wdÈh /l .; hq;=jdla fuka u wm úiska
wmf.a wd.u" cd;sh" isß;a-úß;a yd isoaOia:dk wdrlaId lr .; hq;= h' wmg u wh;a
ixialD;shla ;sfí' th /l .ksñka thg wkq.; j l%shd lsÍfï hq;=lula wmg we;'
mdi,a isiqka jYfhka wm ish¨ wd.ñlhka yd cd;slhka iu. iyÔjkfhka lghq;=
lrk w;r u wmf.a wkkH;dj fyj;a wfmalu /l .ekSug o lghq;= l< hq;= h'

idrdxYh
cd;sl wd.ñl iyÔjkh nqÿ oyu lsisfia;a u neyer fkdlrhs' ñksiqka jYfhka wm
ish¨ fokd tla j Ôj;a úh hq;= h' p;=rd¾h i;Hh" máÉp iuqmamdoh" ;%s,laIKh
jeks uQ,sl fn!oaO b.ekaùïj,g cd;shla ke;' wd.ula o ke;' nqÿ oyfuys
b.ekafjk mxpYS,h" isjq i`.rdj;" isõ nU úyrK jeks b.ekaùï ;=< o
cd;sl wd.ñl fjkila fkd±lafõ' nqÿrcdKka jykafia úiska o cd;sl wd.ñl
iyÔjkfha jeo.;alu wdo¾Yfhka fmkajd § we;' tneúka cd;sl wd.ñl
fjkialï fkdi,ld ñksiqka jYfhka wdmodmkak wjia:dj, § o fmdÿ foam<
mßyrKfha § o iyÔjkfhka lghq;= lrñka fjk;a wd.ïj,g yd isoaOia:dkj,g
.re lrñka l%shd lsÍu fndÿ orejka jk wmf.a hq;=luhs'
l%shdldrlu
1'& nyqcd;sl nyqwd.ñl iudchl iyÔjkfhka lghq;= lsÍug u. fmkajk

fn!oaO b.ekaùï folla y÷kajd fokak'
2'& nyqcd;sl nyqwd.ñl mßirhla ;=< fmdÿ foam< /l .ekSug wod< jev
ms<sfj<la i|yd fhdckd bÈßm;a lrkak'
3'& /lshdjla f;dard .ekSfï § Y%S ,dxlsl fn!oaO wkkH;dj iq/lSu i|yd Tnf.a
wjOdkh fhduq flfrkafka l=uk lreKq flfrys ±hs meyeÈ,s lrkak'
mejreu
wkH wd.ñl ia:dkhla keröug f.dia tys § Tjqka Tn ms<s.;a wdldrh" Tn iu.
Tjqka lghq;= l< wdldrh iy Tn Ôú;hg w¨;ska tla lr .;a foa weiqßka Ñ;%hla"
lú mx;shla" ,smshla fyda Ñ;% l:djla ks¾udKh lr ì;a;s mqj;amf;a m%o¾Ykh
lrkak'

12 l¾uh iy tys m%fNao
ye¢k .ksuq
nqÿrcdKka jykafia ieje;a kqjr foõrï fjfyr jev jik iufhys Èfkl iqN
kï udkjfhla Wka jykafia yuqjg meñKsfha h' nqÿrcdKka jykafia iu. i;=áka
l;dnia fldg tl;amia j isá iqN fufia úuiS h'
—Nj;a f.!;uhka jykai" fï ñksia f,dalfha Ôj;a jk yeu fokd u tl iudk

keye' iuyrekag wdhqI wvqhs' iuyrekag jeähs' iuyrekag f,v ÿla wvqhs'
iuyrekag jeähs' iuyre fkdmeyem;a" iuyre meyem;a' fï úÈhg w,afmaYdLH
yd ufyaYdLH" ÿmam;a yd fmdfydi;a" iudc iïu;fhka my;a yd Wiia" kqjK wvq
yd jeä" ñksiaiq bkakjd' fï úÈyg f,dafla ñksiqka w;r fjkialï we;s fjkak
fya;=j fudlla o@˜
nqÿrcdKka jykafia iqN udkjlhdg foaYkd lf<a i;a;ajhka Wia my;a jYfhka
fnokq ,nkafka l¾uh úiska njhs' l¾uh hkq l%shdj h' is;d u;d lrkq ,nk
l%shdj h' uyfKks" uu fÉ;kdj u l¾uh hehs lshñ hs nqÿrcdKka jykafia ;j;a
úfgl jod<y' fï wkqj i;a;ajhska my;a fyda Wiia hehs fnokq ,nkafka is; fhduq
lsÍfuka f;dr j lrkq ,nk l%shdj fkdfõ' ifÉ;ksl l%shdj h' ñksiaiq tfia
lrkq ,nk l%shdjkays ysñlrefjda fj;s' Tjqyq th u odhdo fldg we;af;da h' th u
lrKfldg we;af;da h' th u {d;s fldg" ms<sirK fldg we;af;da h' is;du;d
lrkq ,nk ta ta l%shdjka wkqj u ñksiaiq by; lS mßÈ Wiia my;a ;;a;ajhka
,nkafkda h'
nqÿ oyu wkqj ñksiqkaf.a ifÉ;ksl l%shdjka m%lg jk" l%shd;aul jk fodrgq
;=kls' m<uq jekak lhhs" tkï oE;a" fomd yd ldhsl w`.mi`.hs' YÍrhhs' fojekak
jpk Ndú;hhs' fyj;a l:d nyhs' f;jekak ukihs' fÉ;kdjhs' fï wkqj l¾uh
;=ka wdldr h'
1' ldh lïu ^lhska isÿ jk ifÉ;ksl l%shd&

2' jÖ lïu ^jpkfhka isÿ jk ifÉ;ksl l%shd&
3' ufkda lïu ûkiska isÿ jk ifÉ;ksl l%shd&
fufia ;sfodßka lrk l¾u kej; fohdldr fjhs' tkï wl=i, l¾u yd l=i,
l¾u hkqfjks' iqN udkjlhdg tod nqÿrÿka jod< mßÈ wl=i, l¾u fyj;a iir
ÿla Wmojk krl wjevodhl ifÉ;ksl l%shd oi jeoEreï h'

oi wl=i, l¾u kñka ye`Èkafjk tu ifÉ;ksl l%shdjka is; lh jpkh hk
;sfodßka m%lg jkafka fufia h'
1' m%dK>d; î;aj >d;kh" ysxidj&

2' wo;a;dodkh ^fidrlu" wkqkaf.a foa .ekSu& & ldh lïu
3' lduñ;Hdpdrh ^jerÈ ldu fiajkh" mrodr fiajkh&
4' uqidjdo ^fndrelSu" wkqka /jàu&

5' msiqkdjdp ^fla,dï lSu" wkqka ì`ÿùu& & jÖ lïu
6' mreidjdp ^mreI jpk lSu" r¿ jpk lSu&
7' iïmmam,dm ^ysia jpk lSu" ksire joka foãu&
8' wNsOHdj ^±ä f,daNh" uiqre nj&

9' jHdmdoh ^;ryj& & ufkda lïu
10'ñ;HdoDIaáh ^je/È ±lSu" je/È jegySu&
iir iem Wmojk jevodhl l%shd l=i, l¾u kï fõ' by; olajk ,o m%dK>d;
wo;a;dodkd§ oi jeoEreï wl=i, l%shdjkaf.ka je<lSu oi l=i,l¾u kñka
W.kajkq ,efí' wl=i,a fkdjkafka l=i,a h'
by; olajk ,o l=i,dl=i, l¾u lsÍug mqoa.,hd fmd<Ujk m%Odk udkisl

uQ,hka .ek o nqÿ oyfuys b.ekafõ' ta wkqj wl=i, uQ, ;=kla yd l=i, uQ, ;=kla o
olajd ;sfí'
wl=i, uQ,
1' f,daNh îïm;a ms<sn| we;s we,au&
2' oafõYh ^wka wh ms<sn| we;s úreoaOjd§ nj&
3' fudayh ^mska mjq úmdldÈh ke;ehs is;Su" uq,dj&
l=i, uQ,
1' wf,daNh ^ks¾f,daNS nj" fkduiqre nj&
2' woafõYh ôafõYfhka f;dr nj" fu;a;d lreKd we;s nj&
3' wfudayh ûq,dfjka f;dr nj" mska mjq úmdldÈh ms<s.ekSu&
l¾uh ms<sn| m%fNao rdYshla nqÿ oyfuys olajd ;sfí' úmdl fok ld,h wkqj
l¾uh i;rdldr h'
1' ÈÜGOïufõokSh l¾u

2' WmmÊcfõokSh l¾u
3' wmrdmßhfõokSh l¾u
4' wfydais l¾u

1' ÈÜGOïufõokSh l¾u
fuf,dj § u úmdl fok l=i,dl=i, l¾u ÈÜGOïufõokSh l¾u kñka
ye¢kafõ' fuu l¾uh u.ska m%jD;a;s úmdl ,efnk w;r m%;sikaê úmdl fkd,efí'
m%jD;a;s úmdl hkq Wmf;a isg urKh olajd jQ l¾udkqrEm úmdl h' m%;sikaê úmdl
hkq urKska u;= kej; Wm;la ,nd §ug wod< l¾udkqrEm jQ n,mEuhs'
2' WmmÊcfõokSh l¾u

urKska u;= m<uq wd;auNdjfha § úmdl fok l¾uh WmmÊcfõokSh l¾uh
kï fõ' fuu l¾u m%jD;a;s úmdl fuka u m%;sikaê úmdl o ,nd §ug iu;a
fjhs' wl=i, mlaIfhka uj ueÍu" mshd ueÍu" nqÿjrfhl=f.a f,a fi,ùu" ry;=ka
ueÍu" ix> fNaoh hk m[apdkka;ßh mdml¾u isÿ l< wh o l=i, mlaIfhka
m[ap wNs{d" wIagiudm;a;s wd§ OHdk Wmojd .;a wh o l¾uhg wkqrEmS j fojk
Njfhys iem fyda ÿla úmdl ,n;s'
3' wmrdmßhfõokSh l¾u
wmrdmßhfõokSh l¾u hkq fojk wd;auNdjfhka miq ljr fyda

wd;auNdjhl § úmdl fok l¾u h' iir ÿlska ksoyia j ksjka olakd cd;s olajd
lsis hï Njhl § úmdl ,nd §ug tu l¾u iu;a fjhs'
4' wfydais l¾u
úmdl fkd § wfydais ù hk l¾u wfydais l¾u kï fõ' lsis hï mqoa.,hl=

ish¨ flf,iqka kid ry;a Ndjhg meñK msßksjka mE úg fmr lrk ,o l¾u
úmdl §ug wjia:djla fkd,efí' ksYaÑ; wjia:dfjys úmdl §ug bv fkd,eîfuka
wúmdl njg m;a jk l¾u fu kñka ye¢kafjhs'
úmdl fok wdldrh wkqj o l¾uh i;rdldr h'
1' .rel l¾u

2' wdikak l¾u
3' wdÑKaK l¾u
4' lg;a;d l¾u
1' .rel l¾u
fjk;a l¾uhlska j<ld,sh fkdyels jvd;a Yla;su;a n,iïmkak

l=i,dl=i, l¾ufhda .rel l¾u kdufhka ye¢kafj;s' m[apdkka;ßh mdml¾u
yd ksh; ñ:HdoDIaáh o .rel wl=i, l¾u fõ' fuu wl=i, l¾uhkays ksh;

m%;sM,h jkafka wmd.; ùuhs' m[ap wNs{d" wIag iudm;a;s jYfhka b.ekafjk
OHdk Wmojdf.k bka fkdmsßyS ñh .sh úg n%yau f,dalj, Wm; ,nkafka tu
.rel l¾ufhys m%;sM, jYfhks' fidajdka wd§ ud¾. M, Wmojd .ekSu o l=i,
mlaIfhys .rel l¾u .Khg wh;a h'
2' wdikak l¾u
urKdikak wjia:dfõ § lrk ,oaod jQ fyda l,ska fudfyd;l isÿ lrk ,ÿj
urKdikak fudfydf;a is;g ke.=Kd jQ fyda l=i,dl=i, l¾u fukñka ye¢kafõ'
.rel l¾u úmdl §ug bÈßm;a ù fkdue;s fudfyd;l fujeks l¾uhla m%;sikaêh
,nd §ug bÈßm;a fõ' uÜgl=Kav,S kï ;reKhd urKdikak fudfydf;ys nqÿ rÿka
±l is; myojd .;a msfkys m%;sM,hla f,i ÈjH f,dalfha bmÿfKa;a" fldfid,a
rcqf.a ìijl jk u,a,sldj wjika fudfydf;ys is;g ke.=Kq wl=i, is;=ú,a,la
ksid ÿ.;s.dó jQfha;a wdikak l¾uhg wkqrEmjhs'
3' wdÑKaK l¾u
Ôú; mqreoaola f,i isÿ lrk ,o l=i,dl=i, l¾u yd l,ska lrk ,ÿj
ksrka;rfhka isys lrk ,o l=i,dl=i, fÉ;kd wdÑKaK l¾u kñka ye¢kafõ'
ksoiqka f,i ks;sm;d mqreoaola jYfhka isÿ lrk oka §u" is,a /lSu" Ndjkd lsÍu"
wd§ l=i, l%shdjka o fidrlu" i;a;aj >d;kh wd§ wl=i, l¾u o ±laúh yels h'
fujeks l¾u isÿ lrk mqoa.,hd iq.;s.dó ùu fyda ÿ.;s.dó ùu wdÑKaK l¾ufhys
m%;sM,hla f,i ±laúh yels h' .rel fyda wdikak l¾uj, n,mEula ke;s úfgl
m%;sikaêh ,nd §ug wdÑKaK l¾uh o bÈßm;a fõ'
4' lg;a;d l¾u
±ä fÉ;kdjla fkdue;s j isÿ jk wiïmQ¾K l=i,dl=i, l¾u fuu .Khg

wh;a h' fujeks l¾u m%;sikaê úmdl ,nd §ug wiu;a h' tfy;a Ôú; ld,h mqrd
m%jD;a;s úmdl ,nd §ug iu;a h' .rel" wdikak" wdÑKaK l¾uj, n,mEula ke;s
úfgl lg;a;d l¾u úmdl ,nd §ug bÈßm;a fõ'
lD;H fyj;a ld¾hhka wkqj o l¾uh i;rdldr fjhs'
1' ckl l¾u

2' Wm;a:ïNl l¾u
3' WmmSvl l¾u
4' Wm>d;l l¾u

1' ckl l¾u
m%;sikaêh ,nd §ug bjy,a jkafka ckl l¾uhhs' tkï ñh mrf,dj f.dia B<`.
Njhl Wm; ,nd §ug bjy,a jk l¾uhhs' ckl wl=i, l¾u ksrh" ;sßika" fm%a;"
wiqr hk i;r wmdhkays bm§ug;a" ckl l=i, l¾u ifoõ f,dj o ñksia f,dj
iem we;s ia:dkj, o Wm; ,eîug;a bjy,a fõ'
2' Wm;a:ïNl l¾u
ckl l¾ufhka Wmka ;eke;a;dg tu Ôú;h ;j ÿrg;a mj;ajd .ekSug Wm;a:ïNl

l¾uh Wmldr fõ' ta wkqj ckl l¾uhg wkqn, fok" l=i,dl=i, l¾uhkag rel=,a
fok l¾uh Wm;a:ïNl l¾uhhs' ÿlaÅ; Wm;g rel=,a § tu Wm; ;j;a wirK
lsÍug;a iq.;s.dó Wm;g wkqn, § tu Njh ;j;a iemj;a lsÍug;a Wm;a:ïNl
l¾uh bjy,a fõ'
3' WmmSvl l¾u
l=i,dl=i, jYfhka fohdldr jk fuu l¾uh m%jD;a;s úmdl ,nd fokakls' ckl
l¾uhg ndOd muqKqjk tys n,h ySk lrjk l¾uh WmmS<l fyj;a WmmSvl
l¾uhhs' WmmS<l wl=i, l¾uh ckl l=i, l¾uhg o WmmS<l l=i, l¾uh
ckl wl=i, l¾uhg o ydks lrhs'
4' Wm>d;l l¾u
ckl l¾ufha úmdl §fï yelshdj ke;s fldg ;ud u úmdl ,nd fok l¾uh
Wm>d;l kï fõ' Wm>d;l wl=i, l¾u ckl l=i, l¾ufha o Wm>d;l l=i,
l¾u ckl wl=i, l¾ufha o úmdl §fï Yla;sh ke;s lrhs' fuu meyeÈ,s lsÍïj,ska
nqÿoyfï b.ekafjk l¾uh i;a;ajhd flfrys fl;rï n,mEula we;s lrkafka o
hkak fmkajd fohs'
l¾ufha n,mEu fl;rï ;SrKd;aul jqj o j¾;udk l¾uj,ska iy mßir idOl

weiqßka w;S; l¾u Yla;sh mdod .ekSug o fjkia lr .ekSug fyda we;eï úg ke;s
lr .ekSug o yelshdj we;' tjeks wjia:d y;rla my; ±lafõ'
1' .;s iïm;a;s

2' Wmê iïm;a;s
3' ld, iïm;a;s
4' m%fhda. iïm;a;s

1' .;s iïm;a;s
lsis hï mqoa.,fhl= Wm; ,nkafka hi biqßka msreKq ia:dkhl kï fmr

Njhkays § isÿ lrk ,o wl=i, l¾uhkays úmdl §u fndfyda úg je<lS hhs' ,enqKq
Wm; wl=i, l¾u úmdl §ug fkd.e<fmk mßirhla neúka tjeks l¾u úmdl
§fuka j<lS'
2' Wmê iïm;a;s

Wmê iïm;a;s hkq Wiia rEm fYdaNdjlg ysñlï lSuhs' ÿ.S mjq,l Wm; ,enqj o
by< uÜgfï rEm fYdaNdj fya;=fjka jdikdjka; Ôú;hla .; lsÍug wjia:dj Wod
úh yels h' ÿ.S mjq,aj, Wm; ,o ldka;djka rc" isgq wd§ m%N+jrekaf.a ìfidajreka
njg m;a jQ wjia:d /ila we;'
3' ld, iïm;a;s

hym;a fi!Nd.Hj;a ld,hla ;=< Wm; ,o mqoa.,hdg mdm l¾uj, úmdl fkd,eî
hhs' ke;s kï wvq fõ' ld,h hym;a ksid jdikdjka; Ôú;hla .; lsÍug wjia:dj
,efí' rgl olaI Od¾ñl md,lfhl= my< ù ck;djg iqÅ; uqÈ; Ôú;hla .;
lsÍug wjYH myiqlï i,id fok úg tu m%;s,dN wl=i, l¾uhla isÿ l<
mqoa.,hdg jqj ,eîfï Nd.Hh Wod fõ'
4' m%fhda. iïm;a;s
ia:dfkdaÑ; m%{dfjka yd W;aidyfhka lghq;= lsÍfï § ;udg uqyqK §ug isÿ

jk wl=i, l¾u úmdl o u.yrjd .; yels h' fuh m%fhda. iïm;a;sh jYfhka
ye¢kafõ' lror ndOlj,g uqyqK fok úg ish,a, l¾uhg mjrd fkd§ m%{dj
wêIaGdkh W;aidyh fmr±ß fldg Ôú; wNsfhda. ch .ekSug m%fhda. iïm;a;sh
wm fmd<Ujd,hs'
by; úia;r lrk ,o iïm;a;s i;r wl=i, mlaIfhka .;s úm;a;s" ld, úm;a;s"
Wmê úm;a;s" m%fhda. úm;a;s jYfhka ÿla úmdl w;am;a lr §ug uq,a úh yels nj o
jgyd .; hq;= h'
wmg uqyqK §ug isÿ jk ñysß iy wñysß fndfyda w;a±lSïj,g m%Odk fya;=jla
jkafka ;sfodr uq,a ù isÿ lrkq ,nk l=i,dl=i, l¾u nj fï wkqj jgyd .;
yels h'

idrdxYh
l¾uh nqÿ oyfï m%Odk b.ekaùuls' mqoa.,hd fÉ;kdj fmrgq fldg lhska"
jpkfhka yd ukiska l¾u /ia lrhs' wl=i, l¾u i|yd f,daN" fodai" fuday hk
wl=i, is;=ú,s uq,a fõ' l=i, l¾u i|yd wf,daN" wfodai" wfuday hk l=i, is;=ú,s
uq,a fõ' l¾ufha m%fNao /ils' wl=i,fhka je<lS l=i,fhys fh§fuka fof,dj
Ôú;h id¾:l lr .ekSug W;aidy l< hq;= h'
l%shdldrlu
my; ±lafjk j.=j iïmQ¾K lrkak'
l¾u w¾:h l=i, úmdl fok wl=i, úmdl fok

m%fNaofha ku whqre whqre
01' —l¾uh i;a;ajhd Wia my;a jYfhka fnohs'˜ meyeÈ,s lrkak'
mqyqKqjg
hdÈix jmf; îcx

;dÈix yrf; M,x
l,HdKldß l,HdKx
mdmldÍ p mdmlx
hï îchla jmqrd o ta wkqj M, ,efí'
tfia u hym;a l%shd ;=<ska hym;a
úmdl ,efí' whym;a l%shd ;=<ska
whym;a úmdl ,efí'

13 we;s ;;= lshk
;s,l=Kq oyu
ish,a, wks;H h" wks;H jk neúka ÿla iys; h" ÿla iys; jk neúka wkd;au h
hk ;s%,laIKh nqÿ oyfuys uQ,sl b.ekaùuls' m%{dj f,i ye¢kafjkafka fulS
;s%,laIK wjfndaOhhs' iir ÿlska tf;r ùug tu wjfndaOh wjYH h' nqÿjreka
Wmkak o kQmkak o iodld,sl j f,dj mj;akd i;Hh thhs' foAYh l=ula jqj o"
ld,h l=ula jqj o" ;s%,laIKh f,dj mj;shs' tneúka th úYaj idOdrK O¾u;djls'
foAY ld, jYfhka fjkia fkdjk i;Hhls'
wks;H ,laIKh
wks;H hkq fjkia ùuhs" lefvk ìf|k iq¨ njhs' fuu lef`vk ìf|k iq¨ nj nqÿ
oyfï f,dal hkqfjka ye¢kafõ' bka woyia flfrkafka f,dj ish,a, fudfyd;ska
fudfyd; fjkia jk nj;a lsisjl iaÒridr meje;aula fkdue;s nj;a h' ksoiqkla
f,i úÿ,s nqnq,l ±,aùu .ek is;kak' th wLKav j ±,afjk njla fmkqK o ishqï
WmlrKhl wdOdrfhka mÍlaId l<fyd;a th ksfjñka ±,afjñka mj;sk nj ±lsh
yels h' úoHq;a o¾Ykhl rEm rduq tlsfkl f.k n,k úg iq¿ iq¿ fjkialï
iys; rEm fm<la fk;g Èiafõ' tfy;a tajd kshñ; fõ. mrdihl Odjkh lrk
úg wmg ÿjk" mksk" kgk oiqka ;srh u; ±lsh yels h' tla fudfyd;l úch.%dyS
j isák mqoa.,hd iaj,am ld,hla ;=< mrdð;fhl= úh yels h' fuu úYaj O¾u;djg
iEu fohla u hg;a fõ' wmf.a Ôú;h o ujq l=i ms<sis| .;a fudfydf;a isg u fjkia
fõ' fuu fjki idudkH jHjydrfha § wm i,lkafka jhig hdula f,i h'
by; i|yka l%shdj,sh wmf.a md,khg yiq fldg .; fkdyels h' nqÿ oyug
wkqj yg .ekSfï iajNdjh we;s iEu foa u ke;s ùfï iajNdjfhka hqla; fõ'
i;a;aj" mqoa.," øjH wd§ ´kE u Ôj wÔj mod¾:hlg u fuu ;;a;ajh ikd;ksl
jQ fmdÿ O¾u;djls' ta wkqj rEmh fmK ms~la jeks h" fõokdj Èh nqnq<la jeks h'
i[a[dj ñß`.=jla jeks h" ixialdr flfi,a l|la jeks h" ú[a[dKh udhdjla
jeks h' nqqÿ oyu wkqj i;a;ajhd" f,dalh hkqfjka ye¢kafjkafka rEm O¾u yd kdu
O¾uhka h' kdu hkq" fõokd kï jQ úkaokh ix{d kï jQ ye¢kSu ixialdr kï jQ
fÉ;kd iy ú[a[dK kï jQ úcdkkh fyj;a wruqKq ±k .ekSuhs' rEm hkq wei"
lk" Èj" kdih" YÍrh wd§ jYfhka fnod ±laúh yels wmf.a YÍrhhs' fï ish,a,
wks;H h' ldhsl" udkisl" ndysr" wNHka;r" iú[a[dKsl" wú[a[dKsl ish,a, u
fuu h:d¾:hg hg;a jkafka h'

ÿlaL ,laIKh
f,dj ish,af,da iemhg leue;s fj;s' ish,a,ka ish¨ lghq;= isÿ lrkafka ÿla
fodïkia wfmalaIdfjka fkdfõ¦ iem fidïkia wfmalaIdfjks' tfy;a ixidßl
meje;au uQ,sl jYfhka u ÿla iys; h' iemodhl hehs ie,flk ish¨ úkaokhka
;djld,sl h¦ wks;H h' tneúka ÿla iys; fjhs' ÿl hkq ir, idudkH wm%ikak
úkaokhla fkdfõ' th Ôú;fha h:d¾:hhs' ux., O¾u foaYkfha § u nqÿrcdKka
jykafia jod< mßÈ bm§u ÿl h' uy¨ ùu" Èrd hdu ÿl h' f,v ùu jHdêh
ÿl h' urKh úkdYh ÿl h' m%shhkaf.ka fjka ùu ÿl h' wm%shhka yd tla ùu ÿl
h' leue;s foa fkd,eîu ÿl h' fláfhka lsj fyd;a rEm" fõokd" ix{d" ixldr"
ú[a[dK hk fï m[ap ialkaOfhys ;Kaydfjka ;Èka t,an .ekau fkdfyd;a
m[ap WmdodkialkaOh u ÿl h' f,dalh hkq fulS m[ap WmdodkialkaOhhs'
f,dalh ÿl u; msysáfha h' cd;s crd jHdê urK wd§ ÿla ñ, uqo,a" ±k W.;alï"
ks,;, wdÈh ksid blaujd hd fkdyels h'
wkd;au ,laIKh
wd;au hkq ixialD; NdIduh fhÿuls' tys md,s fhÿu w;a; hkakhs' isxy, fhÿu
uu fyj;a ;ud hkakhs' ks;H jQ" iaÒr jQ" fkdfjkia j mj;sk wd;auhla fyj;a uu
hehs .; yels mod¾:hla we;ehs nqÿrcdKka jykafia jev úiQ ld,fha we;eï uyK
nuqfKda b.ekajQy' tfia u tn÷ wd;auhla we;s njg fkdfhla whqßka lreKq ±lajQy¦
jdo újdo l<y' fjkia jk iq¨ f,dj fkdfjkia foh kï wd;auh hehs Tjqyq lshd
isáhy' Tjqkag wkqj is;=ú,s is;kafka o fõokd ú¢kafka o fyd| krl lrkafka o
úmdl ú¢kafka o wd;auh hs' th Njfhka Njh .uka lrhs' fun÷ wd;auhla ke;ehs
lshkafka nqÿ oyu muKls' uu fyj;a wd;auh hkq is;ska ujd .;a;la nj o úYajdi
ud;%hla nj o nqÿ oyu fmkajd fohs' ish¨ flf,ia WmÈkafka wd;au oDIaÀh
ksid h' hqo .egqï" l,flda,dy, we;s jkafka o ish¨ wl=i, lrkafka o uf.a h"
uu fjñ" uf.a wd;auh fõ" hk je/È ±lau ksid h' fufia wd;auhla we; hk u;h
mfilska ;nñka nqÿrcdKka jykafia jod< i;Hh wkd;au hkakhs' by; i|yka
l< mßÈ i;a;ajhd" mqoa.,hd" uu" wd;auh hkq iïuq;shls' jpk ud;%hls' bka woyia
jkafka ialkaO" Od;=" wdh;k hehs ye¢kaúh yels Yla;s iuQyhla muKs' fuu Yla;s
ish,a, wks;H jk neúka ÿla iys; h' ÿla iys; neúka wkd;au h' uf.a hehs" ug
hehs" uf.a wd;auh hehs ie,lsh fkdyelafla h' fulS wkd;au O¾uh f,djg m%ldY
lsÍu nqÿ oyfï úfYaI;ajh;a úYsIag;ajh;a fmkakqï lrkakls'
wks;H jQ O¾uhka ks;H hehs o ÿla iys; O¾uhka iem hehs o wkd;au jQ O¾uhka
wd;au hehs o wiqN jQ O¾uhka iqn hehs o ixidr.; i;a;ajfhda úlD;shg m;a j
isá;s' tu úlD;sfhka w;añ§ wks;H foa wks;H f,i;a" ÿla iys; foa ÿla f,i;a"

wkd;au foa wkd;au f,i;a" wiqn foa wiqn f,i;a we;s ieáfhka ±lSug nqÿ oyu
u. fmkajhs' tfia olakd ;eke;a;dg iu l< yels ch.%dyS mqoa.,hl= ;j;a ke;'
fyf;u wiSñ; jQ wdidjkaf.ka f;dr fõ' fjkia jk neúka o" wiykh w;Dma;sh
we;s neúka o" uu h uf.a hehs .; fkdyels neúka o ljr fohla .ek fyda
wiSñ; j wdYd lsÍfï wre;la ke;ehs fyf;u okS¦ tneúka w,afmaÉP fõ' wvq
n,dfmdfrd;a;= we;af;l= fõ' ,o fohska i;=gq fjhs' myiqfjka fmdaIKh l< yels
fõ' ld¾h nyq, wfhla fkdfõ' Tyqf.a is; ieye,a¨ h' b÷rka ikaiqka h' tfia u
;s,l=Kq okakd ;eke;a;d wlïms; h' lsisjlska lïmd fkdfõ' ish,a, wks;H nj o
ÿla iys; nj o wkd;au nj o jgyd f.k isà' fyf;u wgf,da oyñka fkdief,a'
,dNfhka u;a fkdfõ' w,dNfhka ÿla fkdfõ' hiiska Wu;= fkdfõ' whiska fYdal
fkdfõ' kskaod m%Yxid iem ÿla wdÈfhka fkdief,a' lïmd fkdfõ' tfia u ;s,l=Kq
okakd olakd ;eke;a;d ueÈy;a h' W;aidyjka; h' Tyq wka;.dó fkdfõ'
tn÷ ;eke;a;d lsisÿ ms,lg mlaIhlg wka;hlg .e;s fkdfõ' tfrys o fkdfõ'
ueÈy;a j is;k fyf;u yeu me;a;la u olS' tfia u Tyq wk;sudkS h' wdpdrYS,S h'
m%shukdm h' ;=gqmygq h' m%uqÈ; h' fufia ish,a, wks;H h" ÿla iys; h" wkd;au h
hk i;Hh ±k ±l mila lsÍu nqÿ oyfï úmiaikdj f,i ±lafõ' th u ;%s,laIK
Ndjkdjhs' tu ;s,l=Kq ±k ±l mila lsÍu u m%{djhs' m%{dj iir ÿlska tf;r j
ksjka mila lrkq msKsi Wmldr jkafka h'
idrdxYh
;%s,laIKh nqÿ oyfï uQ,sl b.ekaùuls' wks;H" ÿlaL" wkd;au hkq ;%s,laIKhhs'
f,dalfhys h:d iajrEmh wjfndaO lr .; yels ùu" wlïms; ùu" iunr fm!reIhla
,eîu" WfmalaIdfjka lghq;= l< yels ùu yd wjidkfha ks¾jdKdjfndaOh idlaId;a
ùu ;s,l=Kq ±lafï m%;sM, fõ' th u m%{dj h" úmiaikdj h'

l%shdldrlu
1' ;s%,laIKh y÷kajkak'

2' ;s,l=Kq ±lafuys fuf,dj m%fhdack fmkajd fokak'
mqyqKqjg
wksÉpdj; ixLdrd - Wmamdo jhOïñfkda

WmamÊð;ajd ksreÊ®ka;s - f;aix jQmifuda iqfLda
^mßksíndk iQ;%h&
we;s ù ke;s j hk neúka ixialdr taldka; jYfhka u wks;H h' ixialdr bm§
ke;s jkafkah' ta ixialdr j, ixis£u iemhls'

14 máÉp iuqmamdo kHdh
ye¢k .ksuq
w.%Y%djl ießhq;a uyry;ka jykafia m<uqj meúÈ ù isáfha ixch msßjeð;=ukaf.a
YsIHjrhl= f,i h' tl, t;=uka ye¢kajqfKa Wm;siai hk kdufhks' ;uka fidhk
iekiSu mßj%dcl oyñka fkd,efnk nj jgyd .;a Wm;siai msßjeð;=ud ;u l,K
ñ;=re flda,s; msßjeð;=uka iu. l;sld lr.;a mßÈ ixpdrh lf<a ienE ksjka u.
foikq ,nk weÿre;=ul= fidhñka h' rc.y kqjr § wiaið uyry;ka jykafia
iy Wm;siai mßj%dcl;=uka w;r yuqj isÿjkafka tu ixpdrfha § h' tod Wm;siai
mssßjeð;=ud uyry;a wiaið f;rKqjkaf.ka fufia úuiSh'
—Tn jykafia meúÈ jQfha ljrl= Wfoid o@ Tn jykafiaf.a .=re;=ud ljfrla o@ ldf.a
oyula o Tn jykafia reÑ lrkafka@˜
fuhg ms<s;=re jYfhka ;uka jykafiaf.a Ydia;D jQ nqÿrcdKka jykafia úiska

foaYkd lrkq ,nk O¾uh l=ula o hkak wiaið uyry;ka jykafia b;d fláfhka
meyeÈ,s lf<a fufia h'
fha Oïud fya;=mamNjd - f;aix fya;=x ;:d.f;da wdy
f;aix p fhda ksfrdafOda - tjx jd§ uydiufKda
—fya;=fjka WmÈk hï O¾u flfkla fj;a o ta O¾uhkaf.a fya;=j ;:d.;hka

jykafia jod< fial' ta O¾uhkaf.a hï ksfrdaOhla fõo th o foaYkd l< fial'
uydY%uK jQ ta ;:d.;hka jykafia fun÷ foaYkdjla lrkafkls"˜ hkq tu .d:dfõ
woyihs'
fuu oyu jgyd .;a Wm;siai mßj%dcl;=ud fidajdka jQ nj i|yka fjhs' tu
mßj%dcl;=ud ;=< tn÷ iqúfYaI mßj¾;khla isÿjQfha uy ry;a wiaið ysñ jod<
.d:dfjys we;=<;a j nqÿ oyfï uQ,sl yrh wjfndaO lr.;a neúks' tu yrh kï
máÉp iuqmamdo O¾uhhs' fn!oaO fya;=M, O¾uh hkqfjka o th ye¢kafõ' tu
O¾u;djg wkqj f,dalfha mqoa.," jia;= yd isoaê jYfhka olakg ,efnk lsisjla
iajdëk njla ke;' ;ks l%shdldß;ajhla ke;' wfkHdakH iïnkaOfhka f;drj"
;ks ;ksj we;sjk" ;ks ;ksj mj;sk lsisjla ke;' nqÿ oyfuys lshefjkafka hula
we;s ùug ;j;a fohla fyda foaj,a lSmhla fyda n,mdk njhs' tfia we;sjk foh
M,h f,i;a ta i|yd n,mdk foh fya;=j f,i;a ye¢kafjhs'
fya;= ksid we;sjk ish,a, u ke;sjk iajNdjfhka o hqla; nj nqÿrcdKka jykafia

foaYkd l<y' fya;= ke;sjk úg ta fya;= ksid yg.;a ±ho ke;sj hhs' fya;=x máÉp
iïN+;x - fya;= Nx.d ksreÊ®;s''' hkafkka bÈßm;a lr ;sfnkafka tu O¾u;djhs'

hï lsisjla yg .efkkafka fyda mj;skafka fyda ;j;a fohla ksid kï ta fol
w;r in|;djla mj;sk nj meyeÈ,s h' th jvd;a u meyeÈ,s jkafka yg .ekSug
fya;=jk foa fkdjkafka kï tn÷ yg .ekSula o fkdjk neúks' tla fohl yg
.ekSug" we;sùug n,mdkafka hula o th fya;=jhs' tu fya;=fjys l%shdldß;ajh
ksid we;sjk foh" yg .efkk foh M,hhs' tla isÿùula i|yd n,mdk Bg uq,ska
jk isÿùu fya;=jhs' tu isÿùï j, wksjd¾h iïnkaO;dj ksid B<Õg jk isÿùu
M,hhs' uq,ska foh fkdúKs kï fojekak o ke;' uq,a isÿùu fkdúKs kï miq
isÿùï o fkdfõ' fuu wfkHdakH iïnkaO;dj meyeÈ,s flfrk iqúfYaI O¾u
l%uh máÉp iuqmamdoh jYfhka ye¢kafõ'
máÉp iuqmamdo hk fhÿfuka lshefjkafka ifya;=l nj" fya;= iys; nj" wfya;=l
fkdjk nj hkakhs' tkï f,dalfha jia;= mqoa., isoaê hk ish,a,la u fya;= m%;H
iïnkaO;djlg wkqj l%shd;aul jk njhs' ta nj u;=lr fmkajk O¾u l%uh fyj;a
kHdh" m%;S;H iuq;amdo kHdhhs' th nqÿrcdKka jykafia úiska b;du fláfhka
fufia foaYkd lrkq ,en we;'
buiañx i;s box fyda;s
buiai Wmamdod box WmmÊc;s
buiañx wi;s box k fyda;s
buiai ksfrdaOd box ksreÊ®;s
fuu md,s jdlH y;r isxyf,ka ,shefjkafka my; i|yka mßÈ h'
fuh we;s l,ays fuh fjhs
fuh bm§fuka fuh Wm§
fuh ke;s l,ays fuh fkdfõ
fuh ke;s ù hEfuka fuh ke;sj hhs'
fuu jdlH y;r foi neÆ úg tl u foh fojrla i|yka ù we;ehs we;eï úg
isf;kq we;' kuq;a th tfia fkdjk nj úuis,af,ka n,k úg meyeÈ,s fõ' m<uq
jdlHfha fuh fjhs hkak fjkqjg fojk jdlHfha i|yka jkafka fuh WmÈhs
lshdh' f;jk jdlHfha fkdfjhs hkak fjkqjg isõjk jdlHfha tkafka ke;sj
hhs lshdh' meyeÈ,sj u fuys tkafka fya;=M, iïnkaO;dj ±laúh yels wdldr
folls' m<uqjekafkka meje;afï iïnkaO;dj lshefjk w;r fojekafkka Wmamdo
iïnkaOh lshefõ'
;=k iy y;r hk jdlHj, w¾:fha fjki o ta wkqj f;areï .; yels h' meyeÈ,s
lr .ekSfï myiqj i|yd fN!;sl WodyrKhla .ksuq' ysia ;gq folla iys; ;rdÈh
iudka;r j mj;S' tys tla ;gqjla my;a jqjfyd;a Bg iudka;r j wfkla ;gqj tiù
mj;S' m<uq jdlHfhka ±lafjkafka tn÷ in|;djls' ;Kaydj we;s l,ays ÿl we;'
;Kaydj ke;s l,ays ÿl ke;'

W;amdo iïnkaOh meyeÈ,s lsÍug o fN!;sl WodyrKhla ±laúh yels h' myk
bm§fuka wdf,dalh Wm§' wdf,dalh Wmkafka myk fyj;a myka is`Mj Wmkak ksid h'
thska meyeÈ,s fjkafka tla fohl Wm; ;j;a fohl Wm;g fya;=jk nj h'
fï wkqj by; i|yka buiañx i;s box fyda;s''' wd§ máÉp iuqmamdo uQ, iQ;%fhys
f;jeks yd i;rjeks jels folska fkdmeje;au yd ke;sù hdu ms<sn|j;a lshefjk
nj meyeÈ,s h'
tla ;rdÈ ;gqjla my;aj fkd;sìKs kï wfkla ;gqj Bg iudka;r j Wiaj fkdmj;S'
myka is, kQmkafka kï wdf,dalh o kQm§' myk ksjqKq úg wdf,dalh o ke;s ù
hhs' wOHd;añl lreKqj, § o fuu kHdh l%shd;aul fjhs' fl%daOh Wmka úg ffjrh
Wm§' fl%daOh ksù .sh úg ffjrh o ixisf|hs' fuu ish¨ isÿùïj, l%shd;aul jk
O¾u;dj m%;S;H iuq;amdo kHdh fyj;a máÉp iuqmamdoh f,i ye¢kafõ' fuu
kHdhg wkqj iudc .eg¨ we;sjk wdldrh iy tajd úi|d .; yels wdldrh o
f;areï .; yels h' nqÿrcdKka jykafia fufia jod< fial(
ÿmam;a whg Okh fkd§u ksid È<s÷lu jeä úh'
È<s÷lu jeä ùu ksid fydrlu jeä úh'
fydrlu jeä ùu ksid wú wdhqO jeä úh'
wú wdhqO jeä ùu ksid Ôú; ydks jeä úh'
fï wdldrfhka È.ska È.g iudc .eg¨ we;sjQ whqre" we;sjk whqre meyeÈ,s flfrk
foaYkd ;=< ú.%y flfrkafka iEu isÿùul u m%;S;H iuq;amdo kHdh l%shd;aul
jk wdldrhhs'
fuu kHdhg wkqj iudc.; m%Yak úuid ne,Sug" úi|d .ekSug wm mqreÿ jkafka
kï th nqÿ oyu Ôú;hg iïnkaO lr .ekSuls' fufyu jqfKa wehs@ fufia
isÿjkafka wehs@ hkqfjka ks;ru is;ska m%Yak lsÍug wm mqreÿ úh hq;= h' .eg¨jl

miqìu f;areï .; yelafla túg h' .eg¨fõ ienE fya;=j ÿgq úg tu fya;=jg
ms<shï fh§fuka .eg¨j ksrdlrKh lr .; yels h'
fvx.= WK nyq, jkafka wehs@ fvx.= uÿrejka fnda ùu ksid h' fvx.= uÿrejka
nyq, jkafka wehs@ mßirh wmú;% ksid h' fvx.= ke;s lsÍug l=ula o l< hq;af;a@
mßirh mú;%j ;nd .; hq;= h' mßirh wmú;% fkdjQ l,ays uÿrejka fndajkafka
ke;' uÿrejka fnda fkdjQ l,ays fvx.= WK iEfokafka ke;' fï wdldrhg .eg¨
foi ne,Sug iy tajd úi|d .ekSug máÉp iuqmamdoh Ndú;d lssÍug yqrefjuq'
idrdxYh
f,dalfha jia;=" mqoa.," isoaê jYfhka olakg ,efnk lsisjla ;ksj l%shd;aul
jkafka ke;' iEu l%shdjl u" iEu isoaêhl u wfkHdakH iïnkaO;djla mj;S' ta
iïnkaO;dj fya;= yd M, jYfhka olajkq ,efí' wiaið uyry;ka jykafia úiska
Wm;siai msßjeð;=udg foaYkd lrk ,o fha Oïud fya;=mamNjd''' wd§ .d:dfjys
we;=<;a jkafka o fya;=M, O¾u;djhs' máÉp iuqmamdo kHdh jYfhka ±lafjkafka
fuu fya;=M, j, wkqrEms iïnkaO;dj m%lg lrk l%uhhs' th b;d uekeúka m%lg
lr ;sfnkafka buiañx i;s box fyda;s''' wd§ uQ, iQ;%fhys h' fuu m%;S;H iuq;amdo
kHdh .eg¨ ksrdlrKhg o Ndú;d l< yels h'

l%shdldrlu
1' zfha Oïud fya;=mamNjd'''''''Z wd§ .d:dfõ w¾:h Tfí jpkfhka ,shkak'
2' máÉp iuqmamdo uQ, iQ;%h yd tys f;areu u;lfhka lshkak'
mejreu
Tng u;= jQ .eg¨jla m%;S;H iuq;amdo kHdh Ndú;d lrñka úi|df.k ta ms<sn|
jd¾;djla ms<sfh, lrkak

15 isõiia ye¢k iekiqu
,nuq
nqÿjrhl= f,dj my< jkafka W;a;Í;r mru i;Hh ñksia j¾.hdg foaYkd lsÍu
ms‚i h' tu mru i;Hh kï p;=rd¾h i;Hhhs' nqÿjreka Wmkak o kQmkak o
f,dalfha mj;akd h:d¾:h fyj;a W;=ï i;Hh tu.ska fy<sorõ flf¾' tys foaY"
ld," cd;s fjkila ke;' foaYh l=ula jqj o iÞ;ksl j f,dj mj;akd h:d¾:h
p;=rd¾h i;Hh u.ska m%ldYs; h' nqÿ oyu wkqj Ôú;h yd f,dalh ms<sn| h:d¾:h
wjfndaO lr .kakd ;=re ukd kqj‚ka ±k ±l tys we;s ;;= we;s yeáfhka u mila
lrk ;=re iir jik i;a;ajhdg bka ñÈh fkdyels h' Tyqg úuqla;shla ke;' tfia
iißka tf;r ùu i|yd m%;HlaI jYfhka fyj;a w;a±lSula jYfhka kqj‚ka ±k
±l .; hq;= h:d¾:h p;=rd¾h i;H O¾ufhys wka;¾.; h' ñksia is;a i;ka ;=<
uq,a nei we;s rd." fodai" fuday wd§ ish¨ flf,ia uq,skqmqgd oud wd¾h Ndjhg m;a
nqoaOd§ W;=uka úiska wjfndaO lr .kq ,enQ i;Hh p;=rd¾h i;Hhhs' tu i;Hh
wd¾h i;H f,i ye¢kafjkafka tneúks'
ñksia Ôú;fha h:d¾:h;a ñksidf.a úuqla;sh;a wd¾h i;Hfhka fy<sorjq flf¾'

tu h:d¾:h kï iir ÿl h' th ñksid bÈßfha we;s uyd m%Yakh fõ' úuqla;sh kï
ksjkhs¦ ÿlska w;a ñ§uhs' wd¾h i;Hhg we;=<;a jkafka ÿl;a" thg fya;=j;a" ÿlska
w;a ñ§u;a" ta i|yd wkq.ukh l< hq;= ms<sfj;;a h' tkï ñksia ixy;sh bÈßfha
we;s uyd .eg¨j;a" tu .eg¨jg fya;=j;a" thg we;s úi÷u yd úi÷ï u.;a h' tu
lreKq fy<sorjq lsÍu nqÿ oyfï uQ,sl wruqKhs'
tA wkqj p;=rd¾h i;H foaYkdj nqÿ oyfï uQ,sl b.ekaùu f,i ie,lsh yels h'
uy we;df.a wä i,l=Kq ;=<g jkfhys ´kE u if;l=f.a wä i,l=Kq we;=¿
l< yels h' tfuka u mkaid<sia jila uq¿,af,a nqÿrcdKka jykafia jÞ< ljr
foaYkdjla jqj o p;=rd¾h i;Hfhka tllg we;=¿ l< yels h' bka mßndysr jQ
lsisjla nqÿjre foaYkd fkdlr;s' nqÿrcdKka jykafia nrKei bism;k ñ.Þfhys
§ miaj. NslaIQka wu;d isÿ l< ux., O¾u foaYkdfõ § fuu uQ,sl b.ekaùu myod
ÿka fial'

fï W;=ï i;H i;r fufia h(
1' ÿlaL wd¾h i;Hh ^ÿl ms<sn| W;=ï i;Hh&

2' ÿlaL iuqoh wd¾h i;Hh ^ÿl yg .ekSug fya;=j ms<sn| W;=ï i;Hh&
3' ÿlaL ksfrdaOd¾h i;Hh ^ÿl ke;s lsÍu ms<sn| W;=ï i;Hh&
4' ÿlaL ksfrdaO .dñkS mámÞ wd¾h i;Hh ^ÿl ke;s lsÍfï ud¾.h ms<sn|
W;=ï i;Hh&
oïila mej;=ï iQ;%h wkqj bm§u ÿl h" jhig hdu ÿlh" f,vùu ÿlh" urKh
ÿl h" m%shhkaf.ka fjka ùu" wm%shhka yd tla ùu fuka u leue;s foa fkd,eîu o
ÿl h' fláfhka lshf;d;a rEm" fõokd" i[aØ" ixLdr" ú[aØK hk m[apiaLkaOh
is;ska ±ä j .ekSu fyj;a WmdÞkh ÿl h' fuu foaYkdfjys uQ,sl w¾:h kï
ñksia Ôú;fha widr;ajhhs' yrhla" f;areula" .; hq;a;la ke;s njhs' iir Èúh
;=< wm l=uk iïm;a ljr Yla;Ska fidhd imhd .;a; o kej; kej;;a bm§u tA
lsisfjlska md,kh l< fkdyels h' úúO f,v frda. je<£u" jhia.; j Èrdm;a
ùu" urKhg m;a ùu we;=¿ by; lS ÿla fÞïkia lsisjla i;a;ajhdg md,kh l<
fkdyels h¦ je<elaúh fkdyels h' Okh" n,h" iúYla;sh" ±k W.;alu wd§ l=uk
yelshdjla ;snqK o WmÈk" f,v jk" uy¨ jk" uefrk neúka iir meje;au widr

h' tys w¾:hla ke;' tfia u th w;Dma;slr h' ;Dma;shlg iEySulg we;s ùulg
<Õd úh fkdyels h' Ôú;fha w;aú¢h yels idxidßl iem we;s nj nqÿ oyu ms<s.
kS' mska lsÍfuka o iem ,efí' tfy;a tu iem iïm;a ish,a, ;djld,sl h" wks;H
h' tneúka ú¢kq ,nk lsisjla iemhla f,i ye¢kaúh fkdyels h¦ ÿlla u fõ' tA
lsisjlska wdjidksl ;Dma;shla fkd,efí'
widr nj" w;Dma;slr nj" ;=ÉP nj" w¾: Y+kH nj ÿlaL hk nqoaO jpkfhys .eUqre
f;areuhs' bka woyia jkafka idudkH lk.dgqj" wikaf;daIh" weéu fyda je,mSu
fkdfõ'
fulS iir ÿl ;=ka wdldr hehs O¾u újrKj, ±lafõ'
1' ÿlaL ÿlaL;d îdudkH ÿla&

2' úmßKdu ÿlaL;d ^fjkia ùfï ÿl&
3' ixLdr ÿlaL;d ^we;sùï ke;sùï fya;=fjka yg.kakd ÿl&
hkqfjks'
wdydr" ksjdi" we÷ï" fnfy;a wd§ wjYH;d ms<sn| m%Yak" cd;Ska w;r" foaYhka w;r
we;s m%Yak wd§ ish,a, úi|d .;a; o iir ÿl ms<sn| m%Yakh ñksid bÈßhg ths' Tyq
thg uqyqK Èh hq;= h'
ÿlaL iuqohd¾h i;Hfhka by; lS iir ÿla yg .ekSug fya;= idlÉPd lrkq
,efí' i;a;ajhd úúOdldr ÿla mSvdj,g m;a jkafka wfya;=l j fkdfõ' lsis hï
foúhl=f.a fyda n%yauhl=f.a leue;a; wkqj o fkdfõ' fya;= idOl we;s j h' tys
uQ,sl fya;=j kï ñksia is;ai;ka ;=< uq,a nei we;s wiSñ; ;Kaydjhs¦ w;Dma;shhs'
ksula ke;s wdYdjhs' tu ;Kaydj uq,a fldg.;a ish¨ flf,ia ÿlg fya;= fõ'
nqÿrcdKka jykafiaf.a m%:u WÞkfhys lshefjk mßÈ ;uka jykafia iir
fkdfhl=;a wd;auNdjj, bmso crd urKd§ ÿla fÞïkiaj,g uqyqK ÿkafka ;Kaydj
ksid h' hï fia .il uq, Yla;su;a j fkd.e,ù mj;afka o tA ;dla l,a tu .i
kej; kej;;a ,sh,kakd fia wm is;a i;ka ;=< ;Kaydj uq,a nei we;s ;dla iir
ÿl yg .kS' oïila mej;=ï iQ;%h wkqj mqk¾Njh we;s lrk we,au i;=g iys; jQ tA
tA ;ek is; w,jk ;Kaydj ÿlaL iuqoh wd¾h i;Hhhs' idudkH Ôú;fha § jqj o
ñksiqka ÿla ú¢kafka wdidjka bgq lr .ekSug h' úúO .eg¨" ;dvk mSvk wdÈhg
mjd f.dÿre jkafka wdidjka miqmi hdfuks' ñksia is; ;=< fuka u ñksiqka w;r o
úúO .egqï" l,flda,dy, wdÈh we;s jkafka o fulS ;Kaydj ksid u h' tn÷ l,y"
.egqï ksid o ñksiaiq ÿlg m;a fj;s' ksr;=re j u i;a;ajhd uÈlñka fyj;a W!k
núka fmf<ñka we;s ùula ke;s j w;Dma;sfhka hqla; j ;Kayd wdYdjkays Þihl=
ù l%shd lrñka ÿla ú¢k nj nqÿ oyu fmkajd fohs'

fufia iir ÿlg fya;= jk úúO laf,aY O¾uhka w;r uQ,sl jk ;Kaydj ux.,
O¾u foaYkdfõ § ;=ka wdldrhlg fnÞ olajd ;sfí' tys ldu ;Kaydj hkq mialï
iem;g we;s wdYdjhs' b÷rka mskùfï wiSñ; leue;a;hs' Nj ;Kaydj hkq uu
fyj;a wd;auh ms<sn| yeÕSu uq,afldg f.k we;s jk wdYdjhs' uu ks;H jYfhka
È.ska È.g u iir iem ú¢ñ hk wfmalaIdjhs' úNj ;Kaydj mrf,djla ke; hk
ms<s.ekSu u; fuf,dj jYfhka yels ;dla iem ú£ug we;s wdYdjhs' fï yereKq
úg ;j;a fkdfhla wdldrj,ska iir ÿlg uq,a jk ;Kaydj nqÿ oyfuys fnÞ olajd
;sfí'
f,dalh ÿl u; msysgd we;s nj;a Bg uQ,sl fya;=j ñksia is;a ;=< we;s wiSñ;
;Kaydj nj;a fmkajd ÿka nqÿrcdKka jykafia tu ÿlska w;añ§u ÿlaL ksfrdaOd¾h
i;Hfhka fy<s fldg jÞ<y' uq,ska Wÿrd ±uQ .i kej; me< fkdjkafka fmdf<dj
iu. we;s ish¨ in|;d ke;s ù ;sfnk neúks' tfia u iir ÿlg uq,a jk
;Kaydj o uq,ska u Wÿrd ±óu ÿlaL ksfrdaOd¾h i;Hh kï fõ' tkï .i kej;
me< fkdjkakd fia ÿl kej; yg fkd.ekSuhs' iir ÿla fl<jr ùuhs' ksjka
mila lsÍuhs' ish¨ flf,ia ke;s ùuhs' cd;s" crd" jHdê" urKdÈfhka ksoyia ùuhs'
ÿlska ñ§uhs' úuqla;shhs' th nqoaOd§ W;=ukaf.a w;a±lSu fõ' uu iir kej; kej;;a
bmfoñka mSvd ú£ug fya;=j jQ ;Kaydj uq,skqmqgd ±uqfjñ’hs nqÿrcdKka jykafia
m%:u WÞkfhys jÞ<y' ÿlaL ksfrdaOd¾h i;Hh fyj;a ksjk tkï ;Kaydj ke;s
lsÍu hkq Nj ksfrdaOh fõ' rd." fodaI" fudayd§ ish¨ flf,ia kej; kQmoskd
mßÈ laIh lsÍu fõ' oïila mej;=ï iQ;%h wkqj iir ÿla we;s lrk tA ;Kaydj
b;sß fkdjk f,i ke;s ùu" fkdwe,au fyj;a úrd.h" ksfrdaOh" ish¨ wdYdjka
w;ayeÍu ish¨ w;ska ksoyia ùu" ñ§u wd,h ÿre lsÍu ksjkhs' ñksia is; ;=<
;Kaydj yd th uq,a fldg .;a flf,ia we;s ;dla wúoHdj rc lrhs' th w÷rls'
wúoHdfjka wkaO j ;Kaydfjka uqim;a j isák ñksiqkag we;s ;;= fkdfmfka'
we;s ;;= we;s f,i olskafka ksflf,ia ukisks' tu ;;a;ajhg m;a W;=fuda mru
iqjh ú¢kafkda h' iir kej; kQmÈkafkda h' kQmÈkd neúka uy¨ ùu" f,v ùu"
urKh wd§ lsisÿ lgql" wm%ikak w;a±lSulg" ÿla mSvdjlg f.dÿre fkdjkafkda h'
nqÿrcdKka jykafia jÞ< isõ jk wd¾h i;Hh kï ÿlaL ksfrdaO .dñkS mámÞ
wd¾h i;Hhhs' tkï ÿlska ñ§fï u.hs' tkï wx. wglska hq;= wd¾h ud¾.hhs'
tys iïud ÈÜÀ hkq p;=rd¾h i;Hh ms<sn| ×kh fõ' wl=i,h o wl=i, uQ,h o
l=i,h o l=i, uQ,h o wl=i,h o wl=i, úmdlh o l=i,h o l=i, úmdlh o ±k
±l .kakd ×kh iïud ÈÜÀhhs' fklaLïu tkï mialï iem;ska kslaóu o wkqka
fkdkeiSu o wúysxid tkï ysxid fkdlsÍu o hk fï ixl,amkdfjda iïud ixlmam
fj;s' jpkfhka isÿ jk fndre lSu" fla,dï lSu" ysia jpk lSu yd r¿ jpk lSu
hk wl=i,a i;ßka je<lSu iïud jdpd fõ' mrmK keiSu" fidrlu" je/È ldu
fiajkh" hk wl=i,a ;=fkka je<lSu ziïudlïuka;Z hhs'

wOd¾ñl Ôj;a ùfï l%uj,ska wE;a ù ±yeñ f,i Ôj;a ùu iïud wdÔjh hs' wdhqO
fjf<|du" uia fjf<|du" u;a øjH fjf<|du yd wkqka rjgk /lshdj,ska wE;a ù
wkqkag;a ;ukag;a ydkshla fkdjk wkaoñka Ôj;a ùuhs' kQmka wl=i,a fkdbmsoùu
msKsi o Wmka wl=i,a ke;s lsÍu msKsi o kQmka l=i,a bmsoùu msKsi o Wmka
l=i,a ÈhqKq lsÍu msKsi o i;rdldr W;aidyh iïud jdhduhhs' i;r i;smÜGdk
jeãu iïud i;shhs' tkï ldhdkqmiaikd" Ñ;a;dkqmiaikd" fõokdkqmiaikd"
Oïudkqmiaikd hk wkqmiaikd ÈhqKq lsÍuhs' OHdk jeãfuka is; msßisÿ lsÍu yd
tlÕ lsÍu iïud iudêhhs' tkï m%:u OHdkh" oaú;Sh OHdkh" ;D;Sh OHdkh"
p;=¾: OHdkh hk OHdk Wmojd .ekSuhs' fuys iïud ÈÜÀ iïud ixlmam hk
ud¾. wx. m%× YslaIdjg we;=<;a fõ' iïud jdpd" iïud lïuka;" iïud wdÔj hk
ud¾.dx. iS, YslaIdjg o iïud jdhdu" iïud i;s" iïud iudê hk ud¾.dx. iudê
YslaIdjg o we;=<;a fõ' by; lS iS,fhka iudêhg o iudêfhka m%×jg o .uka
l< hq;= h' th ksjka u.hs' ÿlaL ksfrdaO .dñkS mámÞjhs'
ud¾.dx. jYfhka wglska o YslaId jYfhka ;=klska o hqla; jk ÿlaL ksfrdaO

.dñkS mámÞj uOHu m%;smÞjhs' tkï nqoaOld,Sk Ndr;fhys m%Odk jYfhka ms<s.;a
úuqla;sldó mámÞjka foflka tllg fyda fkdjefgkakls' tu iuld,Sk úuqla;s
ud¾.j,ska m<uq jekak lduiqL,a,sldkqfhda.hhs' wiSñ; f,i mialï iqj fiùuhs'
b÷rka mskùuhs' th tla;rd wka;hla f,i o my;a jQ fkdÈhqKq jQ mqyqÿka ñksiqka
leue;s jk wjevÞhl jQ ms<sfj;la f,i o nqÿ oyu fmkajd fohs' tjeks ms<sfj;la
;=< iÞpdrh ixialD;sh mj;ajdf.k hd fkdyels h' th iÞpdr úfrdaë" wd.ï
úfrdaë" ñksiqka ìys lrhs' wfkla wka;h w;a;ls,u:dkqfhda.h hs' tkï úúO ÿIalr
j%; wkq.ukh lrñka wêl j wiSñ; f,i ´kElñka ÿla ú£uhs' wd.ñl wruqKla
fjkqfjka Ôú;fha ish¨ iekis,a, tu.ska lem lrkq ,efí' ÿlaL ksfrdaO.dñkS
mámÞj by; wka; folskau neyer jk neúka uOHu m%;smÞj f,i y÷kajd ;sfí'
nqÿrcdKka jykafia jÞ< ÿlaL wd¾h i;Hh uekeúka jgyd .; hq;a;ls' wm úiska
th uekeúka f;areï .; hq;= h' ÿlaL iuqohd¾h i;Hh tkï ;Kaydj m%ySk
l< hq;a;ls' wm úiska th ÿre l< hq;= h' ÿlaL ksfrdaOd¾h i;Hh tkï ksjk
w;a±lSula f,i mila l< hq;a;ls' th wm úiska m%;HlaI l< hq;= h' ÿlaL ksfrdaO
.dñkS mámÞ wd¾h i;Hh" mqyqKq l< hq;a;ls' tu m%;smÞfjys wm yeisßh hq;= h'
tÈfkÞ Èúfha § jqj o wm m<uqfjka wm bÈßfha we;s .eg¨ yÞrd f;areï .; hq;= h'
fojkq j tu .eg¨j,g ;=vq § we;s fya;= wkdjrKh lr.; hq;= h' f;jkq j úi÷u
l=ula ±hs wjfndaO lr.; hq;= h' isõ jkq j úi|k u. .uka l< hq;= h' th mdi,a
isiqkag fuf,dj .eg¨ f;areï f.k úi|d .ekSug fyd| u u. fmkaùuls'

idrdxYh
fY%aIaG jQ;a W;=ï jQ;a we;a; i;r p;=rd¾h i;Hh kñka ye¢kafõ' ÿlaL wd¾h
i;Hfhka ÿl;a" ÿlaL iuqoh wd¾h i;Hfhka ÿl yg .ekSug fya;=j;a" ÿlaL
ksfrdaO wd¾h i;Hfhka ÿl ke;s ùu;a" ÿlaL ksfrdaO .dñkS mámÞ wd¾h i;Hfhka
ÿl ke;s ùfï ud¾.h;a meyeÈ,s flf¾' nqÿ" mfia nqÿ" uyry;ka jykafia,d wd¾h
kdufhka ye¢kafjkafka fuu W;=ï wd¾h i;H i;r wjfndaO fldg .;a ksid h'
i;a;ajhd bÈßfha we;s uyd .eg¨j thg fya;=" úi÷u yd úi|k u. o fmkajd fok
fuu foaYkdj wmf.a fuf,dj Ôú;hg o uyÕ= u. fmkaùula lrhs'
l%shdldrlu
01' wiSñ; wdYdjka ksid ñksiqka ÿlg m;a jk ieá meyeÈ,s lrkak'
02' wm uqyqK fok .eg¨ f;areï f.k úi|d .ekSug p;=rd¾h
i;Hfhka ,nd .; yels wdo¾Yh fmkajd fokak'
mejreu
ksjfia § Tn yd wfkl=;a idudðlhska uqyqK fok .eg¨ folla kï fldg tAjd

p;=rd¾h i;H l%uhg ú.%y lrkak'
mqyqKqjg
h:dmsuQf, wkqmoaofõ o<afya - ýkafkdams relafLda mqkf¾jrEy;s

tAjxms ;Kaydkqifha wkQyf;a - ksín;a;;s ÿlaLñox mqkmamqkx
Ôïu moh - ;Kayd j.a.h&
hï fia uq,a ksremøs;j ;sìh§ lmk ,o .i kej; kej; ,sh,hso" tfuka ishqï
f,i fyda we;s ;Kaydj bj;a fkdl< l,ays ÿl kej; kej; yg.kshs'

16 nqÿ isß;hs - mßirhhs
wm wjg we;s jgmsgdj mßirh f,i ye¢kafjk nj Tn okakd lreKls' th m%Odk

jYfhka fohdldr h' tkï"
1' Ôj mßirh
2' wÔj mßirh hkqfjks'
fuhska Ôj mßirhg ñksid we;=¿ ish¨ i;a;aj iuQyhd;a fkduereKq ;=re,;d

wdÈh;a we;=<;a fõ' wÔj mßirhg wh;a jkafka jd;h" c,h" ysret<sh" mi" l÷"
fy,a" m¾j; wdÈhhs' fï Ôj mßirh flfrys wÔj mßirh o wÔj mßirh flfrys
Ôj mßirh o wfkHdakH jYfhka n,mdhs' fuu mßir moaO;s fol mj;skqfha
tlsfklg Wmldr j h' ñksiqka iys; Ôj mßirh úiska wÔj mßirfha hy
meje;au o wÔj mßirh úiska ñksiqka we;=¿ Ôj mßirfha hymeje;au o we;s l<
hq;= fjhs'
ñksidf.a hq;=lu úh hq;af;a mßirh wdrlaId lsÍuhs' tA i|yd mßirhg wdorh

lrk ñksiqka ìys úh hq;= h' fï f,dalfha mßirhg ysff;IS j lghq;= l< ñksiqka
w;r m%uqL;ajh ysñ jkafka nqÿrcdKka jykafiag h' fndaêi;aj pß;h ;=<skq;a"
nqoaO pß;h ;=<skq;a" foaYkd l< O¾uh ;=<skq;a Ôj wÔj mßirh flfrys mej;s
f<ka.;=lu fldf;la o hkak jgyd.; yels h' Wmf;a isg nqoaO mßks¾jdKh
olajd jQ nqoaO pß;h wOHhkh lrkafkl=g Wka jykafia mßirh flfrys
ys;dkqlïmS j lghq;= l< wjia:d fldf;l=;a y÷kd.; yels h'
isÿy;a fndai;dKka jykafiaf.a Wm; isÿjQfha ¨ïìks kï i,a Whfkys h' th

lsUq,aj;a kqjr yd foõoy kqjr w;r ud¾.fha mfil mej;s fid÷re mßir moaO;shls'
Wka jykafiaf.a <ud ld,h .; jQfha o iajdNdúl mßirh wdY%h lrf.k h' jma
u`.=,a Èk oU rela fijfKa isis,i ,nñka njqka jeãu;a" foõo;a l=ureka úiska
Bhlska úÈk ,o yxifhl= urKfhka .,jd iqjm;a fldg kej; mßirhg uqodyeÍu
iïnkaO l;d m%jD;a;sh;a Bg ksoiqka h' fndai;a l=ure ;reK wjêfha fiiq rc
l=udrjrekq;a iu. jkfha iqkaor;ajh ú£ug .sh wjia:djl Tn fudn ÿj mksk
f.dakqka yd uqjka ±l i;=gq jQ nj i|yka fjhs' we;eï l=udrjre i;=ka ÿqne|
f.dia lrk ysxidjka ms<sn| j l<lsÍ fndai;a l=ure jyd ud<s.hg meñKsfha
kej; Tjqka iu. Whka fl<sfhys fkdfh§ug yd ñ;% Pkak iu. muKla Whka
fl<sfhys fh§ mßirfha iqkaor;ajh w;aú£ug is;df.k h'

isÿy;a l=ure .sysf.h yer f.dia lsx l=i,.fõiS j lghq;= l< jljdkqfõ Èú
f.jQfha ñksia jdifhka f;dr ksixi, mßir moaO;Skays h' wjidkfha nqoaO;ajh
i|yd f;dard .kakd ,o fkarxckd k§ ;Srh .ek wßhmßfhaik iq;%fha § nqÿrcdKka
jykafia fufia i|yka lr we;'
—uyfKks uu l=i,h kï l=ula ±hs fidhk iq¨ jQfhï' u.O okõfjys ms<sfj<ska
ießirkafkï" Wrefõ,fhys fiakdks .u fj;e meñKsfhñ' tys jQ is;al¨ N+ñ
Nd.h o is; myojk jk ,eyen o iqÿ je,s;,d ueÈka ksù iekis,af,a .,d niakd
uyd f;dgqm<ska hq;a ukrï fkarxckd kÈh o tfia u yd;ami jQ f.dÿre.u o
ÿgqfhñ' ta ÿgq ug fï woyia my< úh'˜
—fï N+ñ Nd.h b;d ruKShhs' jk ,eyen b;d u m%idocklhs' ukd fldg we;s iqÿ
je,s;,d ueÈka .,k kÈh o is;a ikijkiq¨ fjhs' yd;ami fid÷re .u o fjhs'
mOka ù¾hh jvk l=, mq;%hl=yg ta i|yd fuhg jvd iqÿiq ;j;a ;ekla ke;ehs
ug is;a úh'˜
fndai;a pß;h yd iïnkaO jeo.;a isÿùïj,g miqìï jQfha ksy`v fid÷re mßirhls'
iqcd;d isgq ÈhKshf.a lsßms`vq odkh ms<s.;a wcm,a kq. rel msysgd ;snqfKa o ksu,
mßirhl h' fndai;=kag meka myiqj ,nd ÿka fkarxckd kÈh o" nqÿ nj ,eîug
fmr Èk Èjd úyrKh .; l< Nø jkh o fid÷re mßir moaO;s úh'
fndai;dKka jykafia wNsksIal%uKfhka wk;=rej jir yhla wßhmßfhaikfhys

fhÿfKa jk.; j h' wjidkfha Wrefj,a okõfjys fndaê m¾hxlfha § nqÿnj
,enQy' nqoaO;ajhg m;a j tu mßirfha u jev fjfiñka i;a i;shla .; l<y'
fojk i;sfha W;=ï nqÿnj ,nd §ug WmldÍ jQ wei;= fndaê jDlaIhg lD;fõÈ;ajh
±lajQfha Èk y;la weismsh fkdfy<d ta foi n,d isàfuks' th mßirhg
mQckSh;ajhla ,nd ÿka l%shdldrluls' tmuKla fkdj fuu`.ska f,dal i;a;ajhkg
w.kd mKsúvhla o ,nd ÿks' tkï l<.=K ie,lsh hq;af;a ñksid we;=¿ i;a;ajhskag
muKla fkdjk njhs' ;ukag msysg jQ mßirhg .re lsÍula o thska ms<sìUq fjhs'
nqÿrcdKka jykafia mßirhg ñ;=re j lghq;= l<d fia u mßirh o Wka jykafiag
ñ;=re j lghq;= l< wjia:d ±l.; yels h' yh jk i;sh uqp,skao ú, wi,
jevjik úg weo ye¨Kq j¾Idfjka wdrlaIdj ie,iSug uqp,skao kd.rdchd bÈßm;a
ùu thg tla ksoiqkla muKs'
nqoaO;ajhg m;a j Èú f.jQ jir 45 l ld,h ;=< § fndfyda úg Wka jykafiaf.a

jdiia:dk" oï iNd uKavm" Ndjkd wimq" odk Yd,d" úfõlh .; l< ksjiakhka
jQfha ;=re fijK h' Whka j;= h' .x.d k§ ;Srhka h' jeõ fmdl=Kq h' .sß isLrhka
yd .,a f,ka h' fl;a hdhj,a h' ta Wka jykafia fjkqfjka bÈjQ wdrdu fkd;snQ
ksid fkdfõ' Wka jykafia mßirhg ±lajQ kslaf,aYS we,au ksid h'

nqÿrcdKka jykafia iajdNdúl mßirh wdY%s; j jia úiQ ia:dk iuyrla fufia h'
² m<uq jk jia ld,h ( uqjkaf.a wNh N+ñhla njg m;a j ;snQ nrKei
bism;k ñ.odh
² fojk" f;jk yd f,fyKqkaf.a wNh N+ñhl msysá

isõ jk jia ld,hka š ( fõ¿jkdrdufha jev jdih lr we;'
WK .iska ieÈ jkhl msysá ksid
fõ¿jkdrduh kï úh'
² mia jk jia ld,h ( úYd,d uykqjr l+Gd.dr f,fkys
² yh jk jia ld,h ( ul=, m¾j;fhys
² wg jk jia ld,h ( fNaIl,d m¾j;fhys
² oy jk jia ld,h ( mdßf,hH jkfhys jev jiñka wef;l=f.a

yd j÷frl=f.a Wjgeka ,eîu
² oy;=k" oywg" oykjh ( pd,sh m¾j;fhys jev úiSu

jia ld,h
by; ±la jQ mßÈ jia ;=ka udih ;=< o" O¾u m%pdrl fiajdfõ kshef,oa§ o
nqÿrcdKka jykafiaf.a úfõl ia:dk yd fkajdisl ia:dk njg m;ajQfha úúO
mßir moaO;Ska h' Noaoj.a.sh l=udrjrekag nqÿ rcdKka jykafia uqK .eiqfKa
o nrKei isg Wrefõ,djg jäk ud¾.fhys msysá lemafmáhd ,eyenl úfõl
iqjfhka miq jk úg h' ìñìidr rcq nqÿrcdKka jykafia neye ±lSug meñKsfha
rc.y kqjrg ióm ;,a jkhl jev isá wjia:djl h' lsUq,aj;g jeä l,ays uq,a
Èkj, Wka jykafia jdih lf<a ksf.%daO YdlH l=udrhd i;= Whfkys h' YdlH
l=udrjrejkaf.a meúoao isÿ jQfha wfkdaud k§ ;Srfhys wkqmsh wU jkfhys úfõlS
iqjfhka .;lrk úg h' iqo;a; fyj;a wfkams`vq isgq;=ud uq,ska u nqÿrcdKka
jykafia uqK .eiqfKa rc.ykqjr iS; jkfhys jev isáh § h'
iajdNdúl mßirh oï iNd uKavm njg lr .;a ;j;a wjia:d lsysmhla"

³ bism;kfha ñ.odfha § m<uq oï foiqu meje;aùu
³ .sÊcl+g m¾j;fha iQlrl; f,fkys
^W!rka yErE f,k& jevjik úg fõokd mß.%y iQ;%h foaYkd lsÍu
³ bÉPdkx., jkfhys jev isáh § wïnÜG iQ;%h foaYkd lsÍu
³ wÑrj;S k§ ;Srfhys msysá wU jkfhys § f;aúÊc iQ;%h foaYkd lsÍu

³ úYd,d uykqjr jk mshil § uyd iSykdo iQ;%h foaYkd lsÍu
³ f,fyKqkaf.a wNh N+ñhla jQ l,kaol ksjdm kï ia:dkfha § uyd
fud.a.,a,dk iQ;%h foaYkd lsÍu
³ weÜfÜßhd jkhl § isximd iQ;%h foaYkd lsÍu
³ pïmd kqjr wi, ..a.rd fmdl=K iómfha § fidaKoKav iQ;%h foaYkd
lsÍu
³ Ôjl wU Whfka § idu[a[M, iQ;%h foaYkd lsÍu
³ uyS .x.d ;Srh wi, fid`ÿre ijia Nd.fha § Oksh f.damd, iQ;%h
foaYkd lsÍu
³ fl;a hdhl § liS Ndroajdc iQ;%h foaYkd lsÍu
fï wdldrhg oï iNd uKavm njg m;a jQ iajdNdúl ia:dk /ila ms<sn| j f;dr;=re
iQ;% msglfhys ±lafõ'
mßirfha fid÷re nj we.hSug ,la l< wjia:d"

nqÿrcdKka jykafia mßirfha iqkaor;ajh úrd.S j j¾Kkd l< wjia:d /ila o
O¾u .%ka:j, ±lafjhs' Wka jykafia ks;r weiqre l< rc.ykqjr yd ta wjg ia:dk
lsysmhla y÷kajd fokafka fufia h'

—wdkkaofhks" fï rc.ykqjr is;a w,jk iq¨ h" tfia u ksf.%daOh is;al¨ h'
fp!r m%md;h is;al¨ h' fõydr m¾j; md¾Yajfhys jQ ima;m¾kS .=ydj o is;al¨ h'
bis.s,s md¾Yajfha ld,Ys,dj o is;al¨ h' YS;jkfhys jQ imam fidKaäl míNdrh o
ukrï h' ;fmdaodrduh o tn÷ u h' ;j o l,kaol ksjdms kï jQ fõ¿jkh;a
uoaol=Éý kï jQ uqj jkh;a is;a weo.kakd iq¨ h' tmßoafoka u wdkkaoh" Ôjlhkaf.a
wU Whk o ukrï h'˜
úYd,d uykqjr msysá iqkaor ia:dk o j¾Kkhg ,la jQfha fï whqßks' tys jQ Wfoak"
f.da;ul" i;a;ïnl" idrkaoo wd§ jYfhka ffp;H ia:dk .Kkdjl ruKSh nj
fm< oyfï olajd ;sfí' we;eï úg ird.S mqoa.,fhda fun÷ mßirhkays iqkaor;ajh
fkdoks;s' ke;fyd;a tn÷ ia:dk Tjqyq ksire ls%hdldrlï i|yd fhdodf.k úkdY
lr ou;s' tfuka u úrd.S W;=ukag fid÷re ;eka ird.S wh ìhlre f,i ols;s' tla
wjia:djl nqÿrcdKka jykafia yqol,dj jkfhys fjfik úg foúfhla meñK
uoaoyfkys úfõl .kakd jQ mlaISka fjfik uy y`vla k.k jkh ;ukg ìh
Wmojk ;ekla nj mjihs' kuq;a nqÿrcdKka jykafia Tyqg okajd isáfha ;ukg
tu mßirh is;a mskjk fid÷re ;ekla nj h'
nqÿrcdKka jykafia ;=re ,;djkays" c, ;,djkays" msßisÿ jd;fhys wdrlaIdj

;yjqre jk f,i ;u Ôú;h .; lsÍfuka fkdkej;=Ky' mßir ÿIKh j<lajd
.ekSfuka ish¨ i;a;ajhkaf.a Ôú; iqrlaIs; jk whqßka lghq;= lsÍug fhduq jQy'
wkjYH f,i Wia y`äka l:d lrk m%,dmhkays fhfok ñksiqka isák ;ekaj,g
jevu lsÍu Wka jykafia m%;slafIam l<y' ;u fikiqkaj, tn÷ wñysß f,i ni
yiqrjk msßia wjjdo § ksis u.g .kq ,enQy' fmdÜGmdo msßjeðhdf.a wdY%uhg
nqÿrcdKka jykafia jevu lrk úg Tyq fiiq msßjeðhka ksYaYío lrkq ,enqfõ
Wia y`äka l;d l<fyd;a nqÿrcdKka jykafia ;u wimqjg jevu fkdlrdú hehs
m%ldY lrñks' foõrï fjfyrg jevu l< NslaIQka msßila uy Yío k.ñka Wia
y`äka l;d lrk úg fldjq,ka fia f>daId fkdfldg wdrdufhka msg j hk f,ig
wjjdo lr we;' fndfyda úg úYd, Y%djl msßila iu. fjfik wjia:dj, § mjd
±ä ksy`v;djla meje;=Ks' wcdi;a rc;=ud we;=¿ msßi Ôjl wU Whkg meñKsfha
nqÿrcdKka jykafia uqK.eiSug h' ta jk úg tys NslaIQka jykafia tlaodia foiShla
muK jev isáhy' kuq;a fï msßif.ka lsúiqï y`vla j;a fkdweiSu ksid rc;=ud
ìhg m;a úh' Ôjl ffjoH;=ud nqÿ mdfudla uyd i`.rejfka iajNdjh ta nj mjid
rcqf.a ìh ÿre lr we;'
mßir moaO;s ;=< jik i;=kaf.a Ôú; iqrlaIs; l< wjia:d o nqÿ isß; ;=<
fldf;l=;a ±lsh yels h' <uqka msßilf.a ysßyerhg ,la j isá .er`ähl= bka
.,jd .ekSu;a" Wfoaks rc;=udf.a we;ayf,a isg miq j fkdi,ld yeÍug ,la j
isá Nøj;sld we;skakg mqreÿ Wjgeka ,nd §ug ie,eiaùu ;=<skq;a m%lg lf<a Ôj
mßirfha wdrlaIdj ;yjqre lsÍfï wdo¾Yhhs'

fï wdldrhg ¨ïìks i,a Whfkka Èú .uk werUQ fndai;dKka jykafia
fndaêuQ,fha § nqoaO;ajhg m;a j l=iskdrd kqjr u,a, rc orejkaf.a Wmj¾;k i,a
Whfka § msßksjka mdkd f;la iajdNdúl mßirfha Èú f.jñka f,dal i;a;ajhdg
fndfyda wdo¾Y iemhQy' tA w;r mßir iqrlaIs;;dj" tys fmdaIKh yd th ¥IKfhka
j<lajd .ekSug ,nd ÿka pß;do¾Yh iuia; udkj mrmqrg u lshd ÿka mdvuls' tu
mdvfuka wdo¾Y ,ndf.k ish¨ i;a;ajhska we;=¿ Ôù wÔù mßirhg fifkyi"
wdorh ±laùug mqreÿ fjuq' túg fyg WmÈk mrmqrg fid÷re mßirhla ks¾udKh
jkq we;'

idrdxYh
Ôj wÔj jYfhka j¾.SlrKhlg ,la flfrk iajdNdúl mßirfha wdrlaIdj
;yjqre lsÍu ñys;,fha u wdrlaIdj ;yjqre lsÍuls' tA i|yd mßirhg wdorh
lrk ñksiqka ìys úh hq;= h' nqÿrcdKka jykafia tn÷ W;=fuls' Wka jykafia
kslaf,aYS j mßirhg we¨ï l< Ydia;Djrfhl= nj fndaêi;aj pß;h ;=<skq;a" nqoaO
pß;h ;=<skq;a" b.ekajQ oyu ;=<skq;a m%lg flfrk wjia:d fndfyda ksoiqka u.ska
;yjqre l< yels h' fuys § Wka jykafiaf.a pß;h mßirh ms<sn| iqyo ixfõ§
wdl,amhla wm ;=< Wmojhs'
l%shdldrlu
1' fndai;=kaf.a mßir ys;ldó nj m%lg flfrk wjia:d folla fmkajd fokak'
2' nqÿrcdKka jykafia úiska Yío ¥IKh je<elaùug l%shd l< wjia:d folla
,shkak'
3' zwZ fldgig .e<fmk ms<s;=r zwdZ fldgiska f;dard ms<s;=rg ysñ wxlh
jryka ;=< fhdokak'
w wd
1' fkajdisl ia:dkhls ^ & 1' l+Gd.dr f,k
2' oïiNd uKavmhla njg m;a jQ ;ekls ^ & 2' fndaê uQ,h
3' úfõlS iqjfhka .; l< wjia:djls ^ & 3' idrkaoo ffp;Hh
4' jia úiQ ia:dkhls ^ & 4' ksf.%daO Whk
5' j¾Kkdjg ,la jQ ia:dkhls ^ & 5' l,kaol ksjdmh
mejreu
nqoaO pß;h ;=<ska mßir iqrlaIs;;djg .; yels wdo¾Y kñka úÿyf,a fn!oaO YsIH
ix.uhg bÈßm;a lrk l;djl msgm;la ,shkak'

17 kSfrda.S nj W;=ï ,dNhhs
nqÿ oyu wkqj mqoa.,hdg je<f|k frda. jHdê hkqfjka o ye¢kafõ' frda.S ùu
jHdëkag f.dÿre ùu fyj;a f,v ùu ÿlls' iir ießirk wmg uqyqK §ug
isÿ ù we;s" wm wleue;s wm%ikak lgql w;a±lSï w;r fuh o uq,a ;ekla .kakd
nj m<uq O¾u foaYkdfõ § u nqÿrcdKka jykafia jod<y' nqoaO jpkh wkqj frda.
fohdldr h' tkï"
1' ldhsl frda.

2' fÉ;isl frda.
ñksiqkag ldhsl frda. fuka u fÉ;isl fyj;a udkisl frda. o je<f|hs' fndfyda
úg ldhsl frda.j,g o jvd udkisl frda. mSvdckl h' tfia u ldhsl frda.j,ska
f;dr j oi jirla fyda ishla jirla jikafkl= isáh yels kuq;a udkisl frda.j,ska
f;dr lsisfjl=;a isáh fkdyels h' ish¨ flf,ia keiQ ry;=ka jykafia muKla
iißka tf;r j ienE udkisl kSfrda.S nj Wodlr .kakdy'
nqoaO foaYkdj wmg je<f|k úúO ldhsl frda. .ek o wjYH wjOdkh fhduq
lrhs' .sßudkkao kï iajdóka jykafia kulg nqÿrcdKka jykafia jod< mßÈ fï
isrefrys úúO wdndO yg .kS' weia frda." Y%jK frda." kdid frda." Èfjys frda."
isrefrys" ysfiys" lfkys" uqLfhys yg .kakd frda." o;a frda." laIh frda.h" weÿu"
mSki" ±ú,a," WK" l=fiys frda." isys uq¾Pd ùu" f,a w;Sidrh" fld<rdj" l=Iag" .vq"
yfï frda." Yajik frda." wmiaudr" oo" lvqfõ.ka" f.ä" leiSu" mKqfydß" r;a ms;a"
Èhjeähdj" wxYNd." ms<sld" N.kao,d wd§ jYfhks'
nqÿrdcKka jykafia úiska .sßudkkao iajdóka jykafiag tys § frda. je<£ug fya;=
jk lreKq wgla o fmkajd § ;sfí' fuu frda. j¾. fldg ±laùula o tys ±l .;
yels h'
1' YÍr.; ms;a Od;=j lsmSfuka je<f|k frda.

2' fiï Od;=j lsmSfuka je<f|k frda.
3' jd;h lsmSfuka je<f|k frda.
4' jd" ms;a" fiï hk ;=ka fodia lsmSfuka yg .kakd frda.

5' iD;= úm¾hdi ksid je<f|k frda.
6' je/È ldhsl ls%hdldrlïj,ska yg .kakd frda.
7' wkqkaf.a Wml%u ksid yg .kakd frda.
8' l¾u úmdl wkqj yg .kakd frda.
ñksiqkag je<f|k udkisl frda. .ek nqÿ oyfï we;s wjOdkh b;d úYd, h'
iuia;hla jYfhka rd." oafõY" fuday" B¾IHd" fl%daO" uo" udk wdÈ ish¨ flf,ia
udkisl frda. f,i ye¢kaúh yels h' ñksia is; .ek mrf;rg u ±k isá nqÿrcdKka
jykafia tys yg .kakd frda.dndO yd tajd iqj lr .ekSu .ek o uekeúka ±k
isáhy' ñksia is;a ;=< we;s flf,ia kï jYfhka fuka u ixLHd;aul j o olajk
wjia:d rdYshla nqoaO foaYkfhys wka;¾.; h' fuu rd.d§ flf,ia u;ska u;a jQ
frda.S jQ is;a i;ka we;s ñksiaiq úúO ÿisß;aj,g fhduq fj;s' tfia u fï udkisl
frda. ksid u fuf,dj o mrf,dj o ÿlg u f.dÿre ù isá;s' we;eï úg fujeks
udkisl ÿ¾j,;d nqÿ oyfï ye¢kafjkafka Wmlaf,Y hkqfjks' ;j;a ;efkl
kSjrK hkqfjks' iuyr ;ekaj, ixfhdack hkqfjks'
nqÿrcdKka jykafia fufia jod<y' —uu iïnqoaO fjñ' fYa%IaG;u Y,H ffjoHjrhd o
fjñ'˜ Wka jykafia úiska fjolï lrk ,oafoa ñksia is;a ;=< wekS we;s rd.dÈ W,a
weo ±óug h' Ñls;ail ffjoHjre msf;ka yg .kakd wdndO" fifuka yg .kakd
wdndO yd jd;fhka yg .kakd wdndO iukh lsÍug m%;sldr lr;s' nqÿrcdKka
jykafia rd.fhka o oafõYfhka o fudayfhka o yg .kakd frda.j,g m%;Sldr
lr;s' ta" flf,ia uq,ska Wmqgd ±óug h' tu.ska iir ish¨ ÿla iukh fõ'
nqÿrcdKka jykafia ffjoHjrhl= nj fm< oyfï u i|yka fõ' zi;ayg jk nj

ÿlg fjodKkaZ hkq f,dajev iÕrdfõ tk lú mohls' bka lshefjkafka iir
ÿlg m%;sldr lrk W;=ï ffjoHjrhd nqÿrcdKka jykafia nj h' fndfyda ldhsl
frda.j,g o udkisl fya;= we;s nj ffjoHjre ms<s.ks;s' nqÿrcdKka jykafia úiska
ish,a,g is; m%Odk hehs jodf<a ishjia úismylg fmr h'
;uka jykafiaf.a .sys meúÈ Y%djlhka udkisl jYfhka fuka u ldhsl jYfhka o
kSfrda.S j Ôj;a jkq ±lSu nqÿrcdKka jykafiaf.a wfmalaIdj úh' NslaIQkaf.a ldhsl
frda.j,g kshu l< fnfy;a .ek o úkh msglfhys i|yka fõ' fm!oa.,sl
mú;%;dj weiqßka o ldhsl kSfrda.S nj Wodlr .; yels hehs nqÿ oyu fmkajd fohs'
;u Y%djlhkag msßisÿ j isàug" ks;r iakdkh lsÍug" isjqre w|k" fmdfrdakdÈh
msßisÿ j ;nd .ekSug wkq±k jod< ;eka /ila úkh .%ka:j, ±lafõ' .s,kami hkq
isõ mifhka tlls' wfõ,dfjys wdydr fkd.kakd NslaIQka .s,kaùu j<lajd,Sug
lemirema mdk j¾. je<¢h yels h' tajd .s,kami kï fõ' NslaIQka úiska ukd isys
kqjKska hq;= j .s,kami mßyrKh l< hq;= h' fnfy;a je<¢h hq;= h' Wmkakd jQ
wdndOhla ldhsl fõokdjla ke;s lr .ekSfï woyiska tfia l< hq;= hehs W.kajd
;sfí'

NslaIQka úiska isõmih mßyrKfha § ish kSsfrda.S nj .ek o ie,ls,su;a fjñka
ls%hd l< hq;= nj úkfhys olajd ;sfí' wdydr wkqNj l< hq;af;a l=ig Tfrd;a;=
fok ;rug h' l=i msfrkakg u fkdfõ' n;a ms~q 4la 5la je<£ug b;sß j
;sìh § c,h mdkh lrkak hehs wjjdo lr ;sfí' fldfid,a rcqg o jodf<a muK
±k wdydr .kakd f,i h' le| mdkfhys wdksixi fjk u u olajd ;sfí' tfia u
isjqre fmrùu" mdjyka Ndú;h" c,h mßyrKh wd§ ish¨ fm!oa.,sl ld¾hhkays §
fi!LH iïmkak j ls%hd lsÍug wkq±k jodrd ;sfí'
kSfrda.S Ndjh we;s jk mßÈ mßirh mj;ajdf.k hEu .ek nqÿrcdKka jykafia
olajd we;s Wkkaÿj b;d úYd, h' le,sli< neyer lsÍu" fl< .eiSu" u, uq;%d
lsÍu wdÈ ls%hdldrlïj, § mßirhg isÿ jk ydksh je<elaùug we;eï YslaId mo
mkjd ;sfí' wd.ka;=l j;" wdjdisl j;" .ñl j;" N;a;.a. j;" jeisls<s j;
wdÈ jYfhka ±lafjk NslaIQka jykafia,dg wod< j;a uq¿ukska u mdfya mßir
ixrlaIKhg WmldÍ fõ'
nqÿrcdKka jykafia úêu;a Èk pßhdjla wkq.ukh l<y' tys oka je<£ug" meka
myiq ùug" úfõl .ekSug" ie;mSug ksYaÑ; ld,mrdihla ;sìK' wmg thskao
wdo¾Y .; yels h' wfõ,dfõ c,iakdkh lsÍfuka je<lSu" m%udKj;a kskaola ,nd
.ekSu" YdÍßl jHdhduj, fh§u" Ndjkdj keue;s udkisl jHdhdufhys fh§u
wdÈfhys wjYH;dj nqÿ isßf;ka fuka u nqÿ oyfukao fmkajd fohs' ilauka lsÍfï
wdksYxi weiqfrka jHdhdu .ek wjOdkh fhduql< yels h' Èkm;d lsishï ÿrla
weú§u fi!LH iïmkak Ôú;hlg w;HjYH jQjla f,i wo ms<sf.k we;' tfiau
Ndjkdj udkisl fi!LHhg ys;lr nj ;yjqre jQjls'
fufia ldhsl yd udkisl frda. f;areï .ekSu;a tajdg ;=vq fok úúO fya;= ±l
tu fya;= ke;s lr .ekSu;a ta ;=<ska kSfrda.S nj Wodlr .ekSu;a ms<sn| j O¾u
úkfhys fndfyda lreKq i|yka j ;sfí' kSfrda.s nj W;=ï ,dNhls' orejka jYfhka
wm by; lS nqoaOdjjdo ms<sn| j o ie,ls,su;a fjñka Wmßu fi!LHiïmkak
Ôú;hla .; lsÍug ieu úg u W;aidy l< hq;= h' wmg bf.kSfuka ksis M, ,eìh
yelafla o wdhqj¾Kd§ iem ,eìh yelafla o iißka tf;r ùug ms<sfj;a msßh
yelafla o kSfrda.S Ôú;hla f.dvkÕd .ekSu ;=<sks'

idrdxYh
nqÿ oyu wkqj ldhsl yd udkisl hehs frda. fohdldr h' tu frda. .ek o tajd
je<£ug ;=vq fok úúO fya;= .ek o frda.dndOhkaf.ka je<lsSu yd je<÷Kq frda.
iqj lr .ekSu .ek o nqÿ oyfuys fuka u NslaIQ úkfhys o b;d jeo.;a lreKq
i|yka fjhs' yefok jefvk ¥ mq;=ka jk wmg o tu nqoaO foaYkd yd mekùï ;=<ska
kSfrda.S ñksiqka ùu i|yd u. fmkaùula ,nd .; yels h
ls%hdldrlu
1' ldhsl kSfrda.;dj we;s lr .ekSu i|yd wm wkq.ukh l< hq;= lreKq
;=kla nqÿ oyu weiqßka kï lrkak'
2' nqÿrcdKka jykafia úiska udkisl kSfrda.;dj /l.ekSu i|yd fok ,o
Wmfoia meyeÈ,s lrkak'
mejreu
1' mdi,a mßY%h mú;% j ;nd .ekSu i|yd jHdmD;shla ie,iqï fldg ls%hd;aul
lrkak'
2' wx.=;a;r ksldfha nqoaO chka;s uqøKfha ;=kajk ldKavfha 44 msgqfõ
pxludksixi iQ;%h;a tysu 402 msgqfõ hd.= iQ;%h iy oka;lÜg iQ;%h lshjd
tajdfha we;=<;a lreKq Tfí igyka fmd;g .kak'
mqyqKqjg
wdfrda.H mrud ,dNd - ika;=ÜÁ mrux Okx

úiaidi mrud Ø;s - ksíndK mrux iqLx
Ôïu moh ¡ iqL j.a.&
,dNhka w;ßka kSfrda.s nj W;=ï h' Ok iïm;a w;ßka i;=g fY%aIaG h' {d;Ska
w;ßka úYajdijka;hd W;=ï h' f,dalfha yeu iem;g u jvd ksjka iemh W;=ï fõ'

18 ksje/È wdydr mßfNdackfhka
iqj fia fjfiuq
ish¨ i;a;ajfhda wdydrfhka Ôj;a fj;s' fï nqoaO foaYkhhs' wdydrmdk fkdf.k
ljr ñksil=g fyda l=uk ;sßika i;a;ajhl=g fyda Ôj;a úh fkdyels h' wmg
wdhqI o j¾Kh o iemh o n,h o m%{dj o iir iekis,sodhl Ôú;hla i|yd
wjYH h' ri .=K we;s uekeúka ieliQ wdydrhla ;=<ska wmg by; lS iïm;a my
u ,efí' Èkla fldfid,a uyrcq nqÿrcdKka jykafia yuq ùug meñKsfha wdydr
f.k fkdfnda fõ,djlsks' isß;a mßÈ fyf;u ke,s i;rlaj;a n;a wkqNj fldg
isáfha h' tneúka nqÿrcdKka jykafia bÈßfha uy;a fldg iqiqï fy<ñka b;d
wmyiqfjka isàug t;=udg isÿ úh' nqÿrdKka jykafia tl;amia j isá rc;=udg
wjjdo l< nj foaYkdfjys i|yka fõ' yeu l,ays u ukd isysfhka hq;= j muK ±k
wdydr .kakd ñksiqkaf.a ÿla fõokdjka ;=kS fõ' tfia iSudj" m%udKh ±k wdydr
je<`¥ úg wdydr fiñka Èrhs' Tjqkaf.a wdhqIh jefvkafka h' fodaKmdl iQ;%fha
i|yka fuu mqj; f,dl= l=vd wm ldyg jqj o b;d jeo.;a h'
wm wdydr mßfNda. l< hq;af;a isys kqjKsks' NslaIQka jykafia,dg W.kajd we;s
msKavmd; mrsfNdackhg wod< m%;HfõlaIdj wm ldg;a fyd| u. fmkaùula fõ'
oka je<£ug fmr Wka jykafia,d úiska we;s lr .kq ,nk is;=ú,a, fufia h' —uu
isys kqjKska hq;= j msKavmd;h mßyrKh lrñ' ud fï wdydr j<|kafka l%Svdj msKsi
fkdfõ' uo jvkq msKsi o fkdfõ' lvjiï jkq msKsi o fkdfõ' isrer irid .kq
msKsi o fkdfõ' hï ;dla fï isrefrys hemSu msKsi muKs' ms<sfj;a msÍug Wmldrhla
f,i muKs'˜ fufia NslaIQka jykafia,d oka j<|kafka Wiia wruqKla bgq lr
.ekSug Wmldr jYfhka muKla nj fmfka' ud;%dj fyj;a iSudj ±k ukd isys
kqjKska hq;= j Wiia wruqKlaa fmr±ß fldg wdydr mßfNdackh lsÍug nqÿ oyu u.
fmkajk nj by; lS ish¨ lreKqj,ska meyeÈ,s fõ' ksje/È j wdydr mßfNdackh
lsÍu tla w;lska YÍr fi!LHhg o ys;lr h' wdhQj¾KdÈh ,efnkafka tfia
wdydr wkqNj lsÍfuks' wúêu;a f,i tfuka u .scq f,i wdydr wkqNj lrkakka
mia fofkl= .ek fn!oaO idys;Hfhys i|yka fjhs'
1' wdyr y;a:l
wkqkaf.a w;a Wojq ke;s j keÕsákakg neß ;rug wêl j wdydr .kakd ;eke;a;d

2' w,xidgl
wdydr .;a miq we÷u we| .ekSugj;a neß ;rug" we÷u .ekj;a fkdi,ld wdydr
.kakd ;eke;a;d
3' ;;a:djÜgl
keÕsg .ekSug;a neß ;rug lEu f.k tys u fmr<S isák ;eke;a;d
4' ldludil
lmqgl=g fydgh oud .ekSug yels jk ;rug W.=rg u msfrk ;=re wdydr .kakd
;eke;a;d
5' N=;a;jñ;l
wkqNj l< wdydr judrd oud kej;;a wdydr .kakd ;rug lEug .scq jQ ;eke;a;d
fï mia fokdf.ka u yeÕfjkafka wdydrhg wêl f,i .scq jQ mqoa.,hka .ekhs'

.scq lñka f;dr j" wdydrfhys m%fhdackh .ek i,ld wdydr .ekSfï jeo.;alu
.ekhs" fuhska wjOdkh fhduq flfrkafka' NslaIQka jykafia,dg wod< b;d jeo.;a
wdpdr O¾u iuQyhla we;' nqÿrcdKka jykafia úiska úkfhys wkq±k jodrd we;s
isß;a úß;a iuQyhla o ta w;r fjhs' tajd y÷kajkafka fiaÅhd hkqfjks' wdydr
mßfNdackh yd ne÷Kq fiaÅhd /ils' tajd YsIag iïu; f,i;a fi!LH iïmkak
f,i;a wdydr .ekSug wod< fõ' tys ±lafjkafka wdydr .ekSfï § fkdl< hq;=
foaj,a h'
² wdydr <x lsÍug l,ska u uqLh újD; lsÍu

² wdydr .kakd úg w;a, uqLhg we;=¿ lsÍu
² wdydr uqLfhys ;sìh § l:d ny lsÍu
² uqLh újD; fldg ta ;=<g wdydr úis lsÍu
² n;a ms`v láka lv lvd je<£u
² w;.id ouñka wdydr .ekSu
² Èj uqúka msg;g weo wdydr .ekSu
² iqre iqre y`v k.ñka wdydr .ekSu
² w; f,jlñka wdydr .ekSu
² md;%h f,jlñka wdydr .ekSu
² f;d,a f,jlñka wdydr .ekSu
² b÷,a iys; w;ska meka n÷k .ekSu
² j÷rka fuka ylafla ;ndf.k wdydr wkqNj lsÍu

fuu jdß;%" úkfhys NslaIQka jykafia,dg wkq±k jodrd we;s kuq;a" tajd .sys
iudchg wh;a f,dl= l=vd ieug u b;d jákd u. fmkaùula imhhs' by; olajd
we;s fkdl< hq;= ls%hd lrñka wdydr wkqNj lrkafkda YsIag iïmkak iudcfha
wjudkhg ,lafj;s'
fldfid,a uy rcqg nqÿrcdKka jykafia jod< by; i|yka wjjdofhys fuka u

;j;a fndfyda wjia:djkays § muK ±k wdydr .ekSug .sys meúÈ fomlaIhg u
wkqYdikd lr ;sfí' fNdackfha muK fkdokakd ;eke;a;d ÿ¾j, .ila iq<Õska
weo jefgkakd fia ure ji`.hg weo jefgk nj Oïu mofhys olajd ;sfí' ´jdo
m%d;sfudalaIh kñka ye¢kafjk ish¨ nqÿjrekaf.a wkqYdikh ;=< NslaIQka jykafia
muK ±k wdydr .; hq;= hehs olajd ;sfí'
wm Ôj;a jk fï iudch iuyreka y÷kajkafka mßfNdackjd§ iudchla f,ihs'

tkï wdydr we;=¿ fN!;sl iïm;a ÈhqKq lsÍu" b;sß lsÍu" /l .ekSu wdÈhg fhduq
ùï wvq" mßfNdackh lsÍug u uq,a ;ek fok ñksiqka nyq, iudchla f,i h'
wúêu;a j wYsIag j fi!LH iïmkak fkdjk mßÈ we;eï úg wys;lr jQ wdydr
mßfNdackh lsÍug we;eï orefjda o fndfyda jeäysáfhda o fhduq ù isá;s'
j¾;udk ld¾hnyq, iudcfha fndfyda fofkla ksje/È wdydr rgdjla wkq.ukh

fkdlr;s¦ iun, wdydr fõ,l wjYH;dj ms<sn| j ±kqïj;a jqjo th ilia lr
.ekSug ;rï úfõlhla fkd,oafoda fj;s' ojfia kshñ; fõ,djl wdydr .ekSuo
fndfydaúg fkdisÿjk w;r flá wdydr" msIaGh nyq, wdydr" f;,a iys; wdydr"
fkdfhl=;a j¾Kl rildrl fh¥ wdydr jeämqr Ndú;hg .ks;s' fï ;;a;ajh ksid
wdhqIh o j¾Kh o iemh o n,h o msßySug fya;=ù ;sfí' úúO frda.dndOdj,g uq,a
ù ;sfí' tn÷ wys;lr kqiqÿiq mqreÿ wYsIag .;s mej;=ï yer oud .scq núka f;dr j
ys;lr wys;lr wdydr ms<sn| ie,ls,su;a j l%shd lsÍu Wfoid fn!oaO b.ekaùï
fyd| u. fmkaùula ,nd fohs'
tu.ska ldhsl udkisl frda.dndO wju lsÍu" is;ska fuka u lhska o ;udg;a
iudchg;a M,odhl oE l< wfhl= ìys ùu" wd¾Ól Yla;sh jeä ÈhqKq ùu wd§
fndfyda m%fhdack ,efí' úfYaIfhka u Tn jeks wkd.;hg uqyqK fok orejkag
fuu Wmfoia fnfyúka u M,odhl fõ'

idrdxYh
ksje/È wdydr mßfNdackh u.ska mqoa.,hl=f.a YsIag iïmkak nj;a kSfrda.S nj;a
/fla' tn÷ úêu;a ksje/È yd M,odhl wdydr mßfNdackhla mj;ajdf.k hdug
.sys meúÈ fomlaIhg u nqÿ oyñka u. fmkajd ;sfí' tu u. fmkaùu fi!LH
iïmkak iudchla f.dv k.d .ekSug fnfyúka Wmldr jk nj lsj hq;= h'
ls%hdldrlu
1' nqÿ oyfï b.ekafjk muK fkd±k wdydr wkqNj lrk mqoa.,hka mia fokd
kï lrkak'
2' wdydr wkqNj lsÍfï § wm úiska wkq.ukh l< hq;= fyd| mqreÿ myla ,shkak
mejreu
1' fjf<| mf<ka wdydr ñ, § .kakd úg ie,ls,su;a úh hq;= lreKq ,ehsia;=

.; lrkak'
mqyqKqjg

iqNdkqmiaisx úyrka;x
bkaøsfhaiq wixjq;x
fNdackïysp wu;[a[qx
l=iS;x ySkùßhx
;xfõ miy;s udfrda
jdf;da relaLxj ÿín,x
Ôïumo - hul j.a.&
hfula ;ud olakd rEmdÈh m%shukdm jYfhka i,lñka jdih flf¾ o" weia lka
kdid§ bkaøshhkag leue;s fia yeisfrkakg bv foa o" wdydrfhys muK fkdokS o"
lïue,s fõ o" wvq ù¾hh we;af;a o" ta mqoa.,hd" iq<`. úiska ÿ¾j, .ila ìu fy,kq
,nkakd fia" flf,ia urejd úiska ìu fy,kq ,efí'

19 iiqk iq/ls ix.dhkd
nqÿ oyfï Ñr meje;au i|yd isÿ flreK úúO l%shdldrlï w;r O¾u ix.dhkd
m%uqL ia:dkhla .kshs' O¾u ix.dhkdjla hkq ‘‘nqÿrcdKka jykafia úiska foaYkd
lrk ,o O¾uh yd mkjk ,o úkh NslaIQka jykafia,d tla ù iÊ®dhkd lsÍu˜
hehs ir, j w¾:l:kh l< yels h' th ;rula úia;rd;aul j bÈßm;a l< fyd;a"
bka woyia jkafka YdikdNsjDoaêldó uy f;rjreka úiska nqoaO jpkh talrdYs
fldg je/È woyia we;=<;a ù we;akï tAjd ksje/È fldg we;s jk .eg¨ O¾u
úkhg wkqj úi|ñka" Ydik fYdaOkhla we;s lr,Su wruqKq fldg f.k isÿ lrk
l%shdj,shls'
fï W;=ï wruqK fmr±ß j isÿ l< ix.dhkd ms<sn| j Ydik b;sydifha i|yka fõ'
tA wkqj f:Arjd§ fn!oaO iïm%odh u`.ska meje;ajQ ix.dhkd yhls' bka m<uq jekak
nqoaO mßks¾jdKfhka f;uila .sh ;ek u.O rdcHfha rc.y kqjr § o" fojekak
nqoaO mßks¾jdKfhka jir ishhla .sh ;ek úYd,d uykqjr § o" f;jekak nqÿrÿka
msßksjka md jir 236 la .sh ;ek me<¨ma kqjr § o mj;ajd we;' y;r jk O¾u
ix.dhkdj l%s'mQ' m<uq jeks ishjfia ,xldfõ ud;f,a w¨úydrfha § o" mia jk
yd yh jk ix.dhkdj ñhekaudrfha § ^nqreuh& o mj;ajd we;' óg wu;r j
Ndr;fha u mej;s y;r jk O¾u ix.dhkdjla .ek o b;sydifha i|yka fjhs' th
f:arjd§ iïm%odhg wh;a fkdfjhs' ,laÈj § isÿ l< nj ±lafjk y;r jk f:arjd§
ix.dhkd j ms<sn|j;a Ndr;fha § isÿ l< y;r jk lKsIal ix.dhkdj ms<sn|j;a
fuu mdvu ;=<ska wms W.ksuq'
w¨úydr ix.S;sh fyj;a isõ jk f:arjdo ix.S;sh
ishjia mylg jeä ld,hla mj;ajdf.k tk ,enQ f:arjd§ nqÿ oyu m<uq jrg
mqiafld< fmd;aj, ,shjqfKa fuu ix.S;sfha § h' tA ksid u fuh mqia;ldrEV ix.S;sh
f,i o ye¢kafjhs' nqoaO mßks¾jdKfha mgka Ydik udul NdKl f;rjreka úiska
uqL mrïmrdfjka mj;ajdf.k wd ;%smsgl O¾uh .%ka:drEV lsÍu fuys § isÿ úh'
th YS% ,dxlsl f.!rjkSh uyd ix>r;akh úiska lrk ,o W;=ï hq. fufyjrls'

ix.dhkdj meje;aùug fya;=
Ydik b;sydih úuiSfï § mqia;ldrEV ix.S;sh meje;aùug ,dxflah NslaIQka

jyiafia,d fm<UjQ fya;= .Kkdjla y÷kd .; yels h'
1' nqÿ oyu ,xldjg ,enqKq od mgka th wdrlaId lrñka mj;ajd f.k
tkq ,enqfõ uyd úydÍh NslaIqka jykafia,d úisks' tA i|yd rdcH wkq.%yh
fkdu| j ,enqKs' kuq;a l%s'mQ' m<uq ishjfia n,hg m;a jÜG.dñKs wNh
fyj;a j<.ïnd rcq fojk jr n,hg m;a ùu;a iu. fï ;;a;ajfha fjkila
we;s úh' tu rcq úiska ;ukag fojk jr n,hg m;a ùug Wmldr l<
l=mslal, uyd ;siai ysñhkag m%;sWmldrhla jYfhka wNh.sßh lrjd mQcd
lsÍu;a iu. Ydiksl w¾nqohla furg ks¾udKh úh' rcq wNh.sß md¾Yajhg
ys;j;a j lghq;= lsÍu;a tu md¾Yajh bkaÈhdfjka meñKs O¾ureÑ kï
NslaIqjf.a b.ekaùï .=refldg l%shd lsÍu;a ksid uydúydßl NslaIQka
jykafia,d wdrlaId l< f:arjdo nqÿ oyug wNsfhda.hla t,a, úh' O¾ureÑ
f;reka jykafiaf.a b.ekaùï f:arjd§ nqÿoyug mgyeks úh' wkd.;fha §
tu oyu f:arjd§ nqÿ oyug ydks lrkq we;ehs ,laÈj f;rjreka ;=< we;s jQ
ielh fuu ix.S;sh meje;aùug fya;= jQ tla lreKls'
2' j<.ïnd rdcH iufha neñKs;shd kï id.;hla o we;s úh' fï id.;hg

jir fod<yla uq¿,af,a mej;s uyd kshÕh n,mEfõ h' tu jljdkqfõ .sys
ck;dj fuka u NslaIQka jykafia o wdydr wfyaksfhka fm¿Ky' ;%smsglh
lg mdvñka mj;ajd f.k wd iuyr NslaIQka jykafia,d fuu id.;h
ksid wfyaksfhka wmj;a jQy' we;eï NslaIQka jykafia,d bkaÈhdjg jevu
fldg Ôú;h wdrlaId lr .;ay' ;j;a msßila yduf;a ñhh;;a ,laìu yer
fkdhdug ;SrKh fldg uyje,s .f.a je,s ;,dfõ je;sr ;%smsglh lg mdvï
l< nj i|yka fõ' id.;h wjidkfha b;sß jQ NslaIQka jykafia,d uyd
úydrhg /iajQ w;r oyu lg mdvñka u mj;ajd f.k hdu fujka ;;a;ajhla
hgf;a wk;=reodhl nj wjOdkhg fhduq l<y'
3' j<.ïnd rdcH iuh hqo .egqïj,ska msreKls' isyiqkg m;a j fkdfnda
l,lska ol=Kq bkaÈhdfjka meñKs wdl%uKslfhda j<.ïnd rc;=ud m<jd
yer isyiqk w;am;a lr .;ay' wdl%uKslhka i;a fofkl= isá nj o Tjqka
tlsfkld urd .ksñka ody;r jirla rg md,kh l< nj o i|yka fõ'
NslaIQka jykafia,df.a u. fmkaùu o foaY ysff;IS ck kdhlhkaf.a yd
m%cdjf.a wkq.%yh o we;s j j<.ïnd rcf;fï wjika wdl%uKslhd m<jd
yer isyiqkg m;a úh' fuu §¾>ld,Sk hqo jd;djrKh Ydiksl ixúOdkfha
hymeje;aug fuka u f:arjdo nqÿ oyfï ÑriaÓ;shg o ydkslr f,i
n,mEfõ h' uqL mrïmrdfjka O¾uh mj;ajd f.k .sh .=re YsIH NslaIQyq úisr

.shy' hqo ìh ksid úfgl jk.; jQy; yqfol,d jQy' O¾uh uqL mrïmrdfjka
f.k hdug wjYH ldh Ñ;a; úfõlh o ke;s úh' fï ;;a;ajh ;=< hqo
.egqï wjika jQ miq ;s%msgl O¾ufha iqrlaIs; nj i|yd th .%ka:drEV lsÍfï
jeo.;alu f;reka jykafia,dg fmkS .sfha h'
4' ,laÈj we;eï NslaIQka jykafia,d Ydiksl ms<sfj;ska msßyS hdu o w¨úydr
ix.dhkdj meje;aùug uy f;rjreka fm<UjQ ;j;a lreKls' O¾u úkh
uqL mrïmrdfjka mj;ajdf.k hEfï j.lSu ms<sfj;ska msßyS hñka issák
i`. mrmqr úiska ksis f,i bgq fkdlrkq we;ehs uy f;rjreka ;=< ielhla
we;s ù hehs is;sh yels h' uyd ksoafoaihg we;=<;a O¾u lreKq ±k isá tl u
NslaIqj o ÿis,a Ôú;hla .;l< nj i|yka fõ' fï ;;a;ajh o ;%smsgl O¾uh
.%ka:drEV lsÍfï wjYH;dj we;s l< nj ie,lsh yels h'
5' ,dxflah NslaIQka jykafia ful, lKavdhï follg fn§ isáhy' .%ka:
Oqrh jvk NslaIQka yd úo¾Ykd Oqrh jvk NslaIQka jYfhks' .%ka: Oqrh
jevQ NslaIQyq úo¾Ykd Oqrh jevQ NslaIQkag jvd m%n, jQy' .%ka: Oqrh jeãu
i|yd ;%smsglh f,aLkdrEV lsÍu jvd;a jeo.;a ùu o fuu ix.dhkdj
meje;aùug fya;= ù ;sfí'
6' fï jk úg O¾uh weiSug;a" bf.kSug;a" tA ms<sn| m¾fhaIK meje;aùug;a

we;euqka ;=< Wkkaÿjla we;s ù ;sfí' tn÷ lghq;= uqL mrïmrdfjka muKla
mj;ajdf.k hdu wmyiq nj Tjqkg jegysKs' ;%smsglh f,aLk.; lsÍfuka
thg úi÷ï ,nd .; yels nj f;areï .eksKs' fun÷ fya;= .Kkdjla mokï
lrf.k l%s'mQ' m<uq ishjfia ud;f,a w¨úydrfha § m%foaYSh kdhlfhl=f.a
wkq.%y we;s j NslaIQka jykafia mkaiShlf.a iyNd.s;ajfhka y;r jk O¾u
ix.S;sh mj;ajk ,È' tys § isÿ jQfha md,s NdIduh jQ f:arjdo ;s%msglh
.%ka:drEV lsÍuhs'
ix.dhkdfõ m%;sM,
1' ;%smsgl O¾uh jdfpda;a.; j mj;ajdf.k hdfuka tys lsis hï

úlD;s;djla we;s ùug ;snQ bvlv fï ;=<ska u.yeÍ hdu
2' NslaIQka jykafia ksldhdka;r jYfhka fn§ úúO u;jdohkays msysgd

O¾uh újrKh lsÍu ;=<ska f:arjdo nqÿ oyu úIfhys t,a, ùug ;snQ
wNsfhda. wju ùu
3' miqld,Sk f:rjd§ nqÿ oyu wNdjhg .sh wjia:dj, § kej; th ia:dms;
lsÍug fuu O¾u .%ka: WmldÍ ùu

4' f,dalfha fjk;a rgj, f:arjd§ nqÿ oyu wNdjhg .sh wjia:dj, §
kej; ia:dms; lsÍug .%ka:drEV fldg iqrlaIs; j mej;s ,dxflah O¾u
.%ka: WmldÍ ùu
5' nqÿ oyu jHdma; fkdjQ ngysr rgj,g miq ld,fha ta ms<sn| ±kqu fnod
yeÍug fuu O¾u .%ka: WmldÍ ùu hkdÈh i|yka l< yels h'
úfYaIfhka ßia fâúâia jeks m`äjreka tx.,ka;fha md,s .%ka: iud.u
^PALI TEXT SOCIETY& msysgqjd .kq ,enqfõ furg md,s ;s%msglh
bx.S%ishg mßj¾;kh fldg fnod yeÍu i|yd h' ta ;=<ska uE; hq.fha §
f:arjdo nqÿoyu yeoEÍug yd f,dj mqrd m%p,s; lsÍug fndfyda wjldY
ie,iqKs
lKsIal O¾u ix.dhkdj
Ndr;fha O¾udfYdal wêrdchdKkaf.ka wk;=rej nqÿoyfï Wkak;shg buy;a

fiajdjla l< krm;sfhl= f,i lKsIal rc;=ud b;sydi.; fõ' Tyqf.a rdcH
ld,fha ^jH'j' 120-162& mj;ajk ,o O¾u ix.dhkdj Ndr;fha mej;s y;r jk O¾u
ix.dhkdjhs' fuu ix.dhkdjg iyNd.s jQ msßfika jeä fokd i¾jdia;sjd§ NslaIQka
jQ ksid fuh i¾jdia;sjd§ ix.dhkdj f,i o ye¢kafõ'
ix.dhkdj meje;aùug fya;= jQ lreKq
1' ix> iudch ksldh jYfhka fn§ ta ta ksldh úiska úúOdldrfhka

nqÿ oyu újrKh lsÍu
lKsIal rcf;fï nqÿ oyu je<| .ekSfuka wk;=rej rcueÿrg NslaIQka jykafia
kula jevu lrjdf.k O¾uh Y%jKh lsÍug fhduq úh' ffoksl j ta ta NslaIQka
jykafia l< foaYkhkays § tl u O¾u lreK jqj o fjkia wdldrfhka újrKh
flßKs' lKsIal rc;=udg fuh .eg¨jla úh' tjlg W.;a f;r kula jQ md¾Yj
ysñhkaf.ka tfia ùug fya;= rc;=ud úuiS h' thg ms<s;=re foñka Wka jykafia
lshd isáfha NslaIQka jykafia ksldhsl ms<s.ekSï u; msysgd O¾u lreKq újrKh
lsÍug hEu ksid fï ;;a;ajh we;s jk njhs'
fï wkqj O¾u úkh ms<sn| j f.dvke.S ;snQ mriamr;djka ÿre fldg nqoaO jpkh
ix.S;sldrl NslaIQka ms<s.;a iïm%odh wkqj f.dkq lsÍfï wjYH;dj fuu ix.dhkdj
meje;aùug fya;= úh'
2' ;%smsgl fmd;am;a tla/ia lsÍu yd tAjdg i¾jdia;sjd§ O¾uhg wkqj wgqjd
iïmdokh lsÍfï wjYH;dj

fun÷ fya;+ka uq,alrf.k lKsIal rc;=ud ix.dhkdjla meje;aùug ;SrKh fldg
tA nj md¾Yj f;rekag okajd we;' md¾Yj f;reka fï ms<sn| j jiqñ;% ysñhka
±kqïj;a l< w;r lKsIal rc;=udf.a wkq.%yfhka tu ix.S;sh mj;ajk ,È'
ix.S;sfha m%Odk;ajh md¾Yj f;rekag mejreKq w;r tys iNdm;s;ajh mejrefKa
jiqñ;% f;rekag h' i¾jdia;sjd§ ksldhg wh;a W.;a NslaIQka jykafia,d 500 kula
fuhg iyNd.s lr .;a w;r udi yhla uq¿,af,a ix.S;sh meje;ajqKs' fuhg iyNd.s
jQ ishü NslaIQka jykafia fndaêi;ajjreka f,i o ie,fl;s'
ix.S;sfha m%;sM,
1' iQ;%" úkh" wNsO¾u hk ;%smsglhg úNdId kï i¾jdia;sjd§ wgqjd

.%ka: iïmdokh ùu
^tA wkqj úkh msglh i|yd úkh úNdId o" iQ;% msglh i|yd
WmfoaY Ydia;%h o" wNsO¾u msglh i|yd wNsO¾u úNdId Ydia;%h o
iïmdokh flreKs'&
2' wgqjd .%ka: ;Um;a brej, ,shjd fi,auqjd uxcqidj, nyd ia;+mhl
;ekam;a lrñka tajdfhys iqrlaIs;;dj ;yjqre lsÍu
3' md,sfhka mej;s ;%smsgl nqoaO O¾uh ixialD; NdIdjg mßj¾;kh ùu
4' úisÍ mej;s .=rel=, tl ksldhla hg;g .ekSu ksid uydhdk iïm%odh
wdrïN ùu
5' uOH wdishdfõ O¾u m%pdrh i|yd O¾u ¥; msßia fhoùu

f;jk ix.dhkdfjka miq wfYdal rc;=udf.a wkq.%yfhka rgj,a kjhl f:arjdo
O¾u m%pdrl lghq;= isÿ l<d fia u lKsIal rc;=udf.a wkq.%yfhka uOH wdishdj
yryd meje;s ;j,ï ud¾.j, ;ek ;ek msysá rdcHhkays uydhdk O¾uh m%pdrh
lrùu'
fun÷ m%;sM, /ila Wodlr,Sug lKsIal ix.S;sh Wmldr jQ nj meyeÈ,s h' tA wkqj
f:arjd§ka fuka u uydhdkslhska o O¾ufhys iqrlaIs;;dj yd jHdma;sh msKsi f.k
we;s mshjr fuu ix.dhkdj,ska wmg jgyd .; yels fjhs'
fmdÿfõ .;a l, fï iEu ix.dhkdjlska u iudchg jeo.;a wdo¾Y lsysmhla ,nd foa'
³ iudch ;=< we;s jk ´kE u .eg¨jl § idlÉPd ud¾.fhka úi÷ï ,nd
.ekSug yels nj
³ iqrlaIs; l< hq;= oE ksis wjia:djkays § iqrlaIs; lsÍug fm<öu ;=<ska miq ld,Sk
j we;s jk fndfyda .eg¨ wju lr .; yels nj

idrdxYh
Ydik b;sydih ;=< ix.dhkd .Kkdjla ms<sn| f;dr;=re ±lafõ' tA w;r y;r jk
O¾u ix.dhkd folla ms<sn| j i|yka fõ' thska tlla f:arjd§ ix.dhkd ud,dfõ
y;r jekakhs' th ,xldfõ ud;f,a w¨úydrfha § j<.ïnd rcq oji mj;ajd we;'
wfkl Ndr;fha mej;s y;r jk ix.dhkdjhs' th lKsIal rcq oji ldYaórfha
l=Kav,jk úydrfha § mj;ajd we;' th f:arjd§ nqÿoyug fjkia i¾jdia;sjd§
ksldhg wh;a jQjls' l=uk ix.dhkdjla jqj o Ydik ÑriaÓ;sh yd jHdma;sh Wod
lr,Sug fya;= ù we;' idlÉPd ud¾.fhka úi÷ï fiùu yd iqrlaIs; l< hq;= O¾u
úkh iqrlaIs; lsÍu ix.dhkd meje;aùug fya;= jQ nj meyeÈ,s fõ'
l%shdldrlu
1' ud;f,a w¨úydr ix.S;sh yd lKsIal O¾u ix.S;sh weiqre lrf.k my;
i|yka j.=j iïmQ¾K lrkak'
ld,h meje;a jQ uQ,sl;ajh wkq.%yh ix.S;shg iyNd.s

ia:dkh jQ ixLHdj
2' fuu ix.S;s fol u meje;aùug n,mE lreKq fol ne.ska ,shkak'
mejreu
f:arjd§ ix.dhkd y;r yd lKsIal ix.S;sh Ydik ÑriaÓ;shg yd jHdma;shg

WmldÍ jQ wdldrh úia;r lrñka mqj;am;l m< lsÍug iqÿiq ,smshla ,shkak' iqÿiq
ud;Dldjla o fhdokak'

20 fy< l,djka iqrlsuq
ñys÷ uy ry;ka jykafia úiska ,laÈjg nqÿ oyu y÷kajd §u;a iu. th wdrlaId
lr .ekSu yd bÈßhg mj;ajd f.k hEu i|yd foaYSh NslaIq iudchla wdrïN
lrk ,È' wk;=rej ;ekska ;ek furg úydria:dk bÈ jQfha Wka jykafia,df.a
jdiia:dk jYfhks' uyckhdg je÷ï ms÷ï lsÍu i|yd ;%súO ffp;Hh o ta iu. u
f.dv ke.=Ks' tkï ia;+mh" fndaê jDlaIh yd nqoaO m%;sudjhs' fn!oaO l,d Ys,am
.Khg we;=<;a jk Ñ;%" uQ¾;s" leghï fuka u .Dy ks¾udK l,dj o ìys jQfha
;%súO ffp;Hfhka iukaú; úydria:dk uOHia:dk lrf.k h'
ÿñkaod.ukh;a iu. furgg meñKs wgf<dia l=,hl Ys,amSka w;r fun÷ l,d
Ys,am ms<sn| úfYaI{hska o isákakg we;' wkqrdOmqr yd fmdf<dkakre hq.j,g
wh;a fndfyda l,d ks¾udKj,g Ndr;Sh wdNdih ,eîu th ikd: lrjkakls'
miq ld,fha f,djla uú;hg m;a lrk fY%aIaG l,dks¾udK ìys jQfha Ndr;Sh u.
fmkaùu o ,nd .;a fy< l,dlrejkaf.a iqr;sks' bka lsysmhla fufia y÷kd .ksuq'
ia;+mh
úúO ;=re ,;d fuka u f.dvke`.s,s o msreKq mßirhl jqj o fn!oaO úydria:dkhla
fjka fldg y÷kd .ekSfï i,l=K jkafka iqfoda iqÿjka j nn,k ia;+mhhs' th
isxy, fn!oaO ixialD;sfha tla ixfla;hls' ia;+mh ye¢kaùu i|yd úúO kï Ndú;
lrkq ,nhs' ffp;Hh" fjfyr" iEh" od.en" :Qmh" fÉ;sh hkq thska lsysmhls'
úydria:dkhl uQ,sl wx.hla jk ia;+mh" nqÿrcdKka jykafiaf.a YdÍßl ffp;Hh
ksrEmKh lrhs' nqÿ" mfianqÿ" uy ry;a hk W;=ukaf.a Od;= yd úúO mQcd jia;=
;ekam;a fldg ia;+m bÈ lsÍu w;S;fha isg mejef;kakls' ta wkqj úydria:dkhl
we;s ;%súO ffp;H w;=ßka m<uq j jkaokd l< hq;af;a ia;+mhghs'
furg ia;+m bÈùfï wdrïNh ms<sn| úúO l;d mqj;a mj;S' ,laÈj nqÿ oyu
ia:dms; ùu;a iu. f.dvke.=Kq uq,a u ia;+mh f,i ie,flkafka wkqrdOmqrfha
msysgd we;s :Qmdrdu od.enhs' ñys÷ uyry;ka jykafiaf.a Wmfoia u; nqÿrcdKka
jykafiaf.a ol=Kq wl= Od;+ka jykafia ;ekam;a fldg fojk mE;sia ksß÷ka úiska
fuh lrjk ,È' wk;=rej úúO yevhkaf.ka hq;a ia;+m úúO md,lhska úiska
bÈlrjk ,È'

ia;+m wdlD;s
.¾Nfha iajrEmh wkqj m%Odk jYfhka ia;+m ihdldr fõ'
1' >Kagdldr - >KaGdrhl yevh îSkqjl yevh&

2' >gdldr - l<hl yevh
3' nqínq,dldr - Èh nqnq,l yevh
4' OdkHdldr - OdkH f.dvl yevh
5' moaudldr - mshqul fyj;a fk¿ï u,l yevh
6' wdu,ldldr - fk,a,s f.ähl yevh'
>KaGdldr >Gdldr nqínq,dldr
OdkHdldr moaudldr wdu,ldldr

fï w;=ßka wo jk úg Y%S ,xldj ;=< ±l .; yels jkafka wdlD;s ;=kl
od.eí h' j;aukays wm olsk :Qmdrdu" uyshx.K ia;+m >KaGdldr yevhg ksoiqka h'
rejkaje,siEh" wNh.sßh jeks uyd ia;+m nqínq,dldr fõ' le,Ks rcuyd úydrfha
msysá ia;+mh OdkHdldr fõ' b;sß yevj,g wh;a merKs ia;+m o mej;s nj úpdrl
u;hhs' ta wkqj l;r.u lsßfjfyr uq,ska >Gdldr yevfhka hqla; jQ nj;a ±È.u
fldgfjfyr moaudldr jQ nj;a úoaj;ayq fmkajd fo;s' fmdf<dkakrej i;auy,a
m%didoh" uq,ska i|yka wdlD;s yhg mßndysr ia;+mhla f,i uydpd¾h fikr;a
mrKú;dk uy;d fmkajd fohs' th p;=rY%dldr iA;+mhla f,i t;=ud kï lrhs'
ia;+mdx.

ia;+mfha mj;akd l,d;aul nj jeä ÈhqKq lsÍug ia;+mdx. WmldÍ ù we;' ,laÈj
wx. iïmQ¾K ia;+mhl my; i|yka wx. y÷kd .; yels h' fuu wx. úúO fn!oaO
b.ekaùï w¾:j;a lrk nj úoaj;a u;h fõ'
1' ;=ka uy,a fmaidj

2' .¾Nh
3' i;/ia fldgqj
4' foaj;d fldgqj
5' fld;a lere,a,
6' pQvdudKslHh
mqrdK ia;=m fndfydauhla bÈfldg we;af;a jD;a;dldr fyda iup;=rdY%dldr i,m;<

u¿jl h' Bg my<ska je,s u¿jla o ±lsh yels h'
pQvdudKslHh
fld;a lere,a,
foaj;d fldgqj
y;/ia fldgqj
.¾Nh
;=ka uy,a fmaidj

fÉ;sh>r fyj;a jgodf.h
ia;+mh i|yd bÈ jQ jD;a;dldr mshiaila iys; .Dyh fÉ;sh>r fyda jgodf.h

kñka ye¢kafjhs' ia;+mfha wdrlaIdj yd ne;su;=kaf.a wdrlaIdj ie,ls,a,g f.k
fuu ks¾udKh lr we;' fuh l=vd mßudKfha we;eï ia;+m iòyd bÈlr ;snQ njg
ksoiqka wo o olakg ,efí' :Qmdrduh" wïnia;,h" ,xldrduh" jeks wkqrdOmqrfha
msysá ia;+m jgd we;s .,alKq thg idlaIs orhs' fmdf<dkakrefõ yd ueÈß.sßfha
msysá jgodf.j,a l,d;aul núka wkQk h'
fmdf<dkakrej jgodf.h
jdy,alv
we;eï ia;+mj, .¾Nhg iïnkaO isõ Èidjg uqyqK,d ;kk ,o w,xldr f;drK
jeks wx.hla ±l .; yels h' th jdy,alv fyj;a wdhl kñka ye¢kafõ' jdy,alvl
fomi u,a ,shlï iys; Ys,d ia;ïN folla msysgd we;s w;r ueo fldgi iudka;r
;Sre fhdod yxi rEm" jduk rEm" we;a ysia yd fndroï fhdod w,xldr fldg we;'
ñyska;f,a lKaGl ffp;Hfhys kef.kysr jdy,alv Wiia l,d;aul ks¾udKhls'

ñyska;f,a lKaGl ffp;Hfha
jdy,alv leghï
fndaê>r
fndaëka jykafia jgd ksujk ,o mgq mshiaila iys; uKavmh fndaê>rh f,i
jHjydrhg m;a úh' fï ;=<ska o fndaê jDlaIfha wdrlaIdj ;yjqre lsÍula isÿ
flreKs' wkqrdOmqrfha YS% uyd fndaëka jykafia jgd o" fndaê>rhla ksujd ;snQ njg
idlaIs yuqfõ' j¾;udkfha fndaê>r ±l .; fkdyels jQj;a fndaê>r msysá ia:dk
lsysmhla y÷kd .; yels h' fuf;la yuq ù we;s l,d;aul núka Wiia u fndaê>rh
l=reKE., Èia;%slalfha ks,a,la.u msysgd we;'
msh.egfm<
fn!oaO úydria:dkhlg fyda fjk hï f.dvke.s,a,lg msúiSug i|lvmyKg md

;enQ miq B<`.g mshjr ;eìh hq;af;a msh.egfm<g h' msh.eg o w,xldr leghïj,ska
irid ;sfí' msh.eg folla w;r ysiska nrla Wiq,df.k isák bßhõfjka fk<d
we;s jduk rEm ±lsh yels h' Bg wu;r j m,dfm;s leghïj,ska w,xldr lrk
,o msh.eg fma<s o olakg ,efí'

wkqrdOmqrfha ìfida ud,s.dfõ i|lvmyK" uqr.," fldrjla ., iy msh.egfm<
i|lvmyK
fn!oaO isoaOia:dkhlg msúfik msh.eg fm<l wdrïNfha olakg ,efnk
w¾Oljdldr .,a mqjrej ye¢kafjkafka i|lvmyK kñks' fuh ,dxflah leghï
Ys,amshdf.a úiañ; l,d fl!Y,Hh f,djg fy<s lrk ;j;a iqúfYaI ksuejquls'
md,sfhka —wâVpkaomdidK˜ hkqfjka ye¢kafjkafka o fuhhs'
wkqrdOmqr hq.fha isg uykqjr hq.h olajd ta ta hq.j,g wh;a i|lvmyK

/ila yuq ù we;s w;r tu ks¾udK ta ta hq.j,g wkkH ,laIK m%lg lrhs'
jvd;a l,d;aul i|lvmyK ks¾udKh lsÍfï f.!rjh ysñjkafka wkqrdOmqr
hq.fha uOH Nd.fha úiQ l,dlrejkag h' ±kg yuq ù we;s i|lvmyK lsysmh
w;r l,d;aul núka uq,a ;ek .kafka wkqrdOmqrfha ìfida ud,s.h wi, we;s
i|lvmyKhs'
fïjdfha l,d;aul nj ;Sj% lrk m%Odk idOlh jkafka tys we;s úis;=re leghï h'
u,a ,shlïj,ska fuka u i;a;aj rEmj,ska o i|lvmyK úis;=re fõ' wkqrdOmqr
i|lvmyK msg; isg we;=<; we;s leghïj, uq,ska u olakg ,efnkafka ffY,s.;
m,dfm;s fudaia;rhhs' wk;=rej we;af;a tlsfkld miqmi Èjhk we;a" wia" isxy"
.j hk i;=ka isõfokdhs' bka miq ixlS¾K ,shje,la o wk;=rej ;=äka fk¿ï
fmdfydÜgq /f.k tld miq mi .uka lrk yxi fma<shla o B<`.g kej; j;djla

ir, ,shje,la o olakg ,efí' i|lvmyfKys ueo we;af;a fk¿ï u,l w¾Ohls'
fuu ms<sfj< yd leghï iEu i|lvmyKlg u fmdÿ fkdfõ' fmdf<dkakre
hq.fha i|lvmyfKys .j rEmh bj;a j we;' thg fya;=j f,i ie,flkafka fï
jk úg yskaÿ wdNdih ,dxflah ixialD;shg tl;= ùuhs' uykqjr hq.fha i|lvmyK
leghïj,ska muKla fkdj yevh w;ska o fjkia ù we;' wkqrdOmqr hq.hg wh;a
i|lvmyKska Nj pl%h w¾:j;a flfrk nj uydpd¾h fikr;a mrKú;dk uy;d
mjihs'
uqr.,
úydr ukaÈrhl fyda rdclSh f.dvke.s,a,l fodrgq w,xldr lrk w¾O ljdldr
uqÿk iys; .,amqjre fol uqr.,a kñka ye¢kafõ' i|lvmyKl fyda msh.eg
fm<l wdrïNl msh.egh fomi fï w,xldr ksuejqu ±lsh yels h' fïjd leghï
iys; fyda rys; fyda tAjd fõ' fldrjla.f,a wdrlaIdj ;yjqre flfrk uqr.f,a
úldYh wkqj tAjdfha we;s leghï o úúOdldr h' uqr., wdrïNfha leghï rys;
jqj o" miq j mqkal,i" nysrj rEm fyj;a jduk rEm" fmKh iys; kd. rEm thg
tla úh' fuys ±lsh yels ñksia fjia .;a kd rc leghu uqr., úldYfha ÈhqKq u
wjia:dj fmkakqï lrkakls' kd rcqf.a ysi jgd úysfok khs fmK ud,djls'
;%sNx. ,S,dfjka ke.S isák kd rcqf.a je,ñfgka by<g keuqK tlaa w;l we;af;a
u,a msrjQ mqka l<ils' wfkla wf;a we;af;a o¨,k YdLdjla fyda u,a b;a;la
jeks fohls' kd rcqf.a fomd uq, jduk rEm tlla fyda folla ±lsh yels h' ±kg
úoaj;=kaf.a iïNdjkdjg ,la jQ l,d;aul uqr., yuqjkafka wNh.sßhg wh;a
r;akm%didoh kue;s f.dvke.s,a, iómfhks'
fldrjla .,
uqr.,g msgqmiska msh.eg fm< fomi leghï iys; j fyda rys; j w;aje,la f,i
È.eáj we;s .,a mqjrej fldrjla .,hs' fndfyda úg msh.eg fm< k`.skakkaf.a
wdrlaIdj yd msh.eg fmf<ys wdrlaIdj i|yd wdOdrlhla jYfhka f.dv ke.=K o
fuh o l,d;aul ks¾udKhls'
ulr uqLhlska ksl=;a jk ,shje,la" jD;a;dldr o`.rhlska wjika jk f,i

ks¾udKh lr ;sîu fuys we;s iq,N leghï fõ' fldrjla .f,a msgg fmfkk
ì;a;sfha isxy" yia;s" kd. fyda jduk rEm leghñka úis;=re fldg we;' msh.eg
fmf<a È. m%udKh wkqj fldrjla .f,a m%udKh yd Èf.a iajNdjh ;SrKh ù we;'
wkqrdOmqr yd fmdf<dkakre Ñ;%

úydria:dkhl we;s ms<suf.h l,d.drhls' th uQ¾;s yd leghï l,dfjka fuka u
Ñ;% l,dfjka o fmdfydi;a jQjls' fn!oaO is;=jï u`.ska ck;djg fndai;a pß;h yd

iS.sß Ñ;%
.,aúydrfha úoHdor
f,fka Ñ;%hla
nqoaO pß;h ms<sn| ±kqu ,nd foñka Y%oaOdj j¾Okh flfrk w;r Tjqkaf.a
Ôú;j,g wdo¾Y ,nd §ula o isÿ flf¾' fmd;m;ska ,nd fok oyï ±kqu jvd;a
meyeos,s j is;=jï u`.ska ,nd §ug o fn!oaO l,dlrejd iu;a ù we;s nj merKs
is;=jï wOHhkh lsÍfï § meyeÈ,s fõ'
fn!oaO is;=jï l,dfõ wdrïNh o wkqrdOmqr hq.h olajd wE;g Èfjhs' jxYl;d
idys;Hh u`.ska o fï hq.fha is;=jï mej;s ia:dk y÷kd.; yels h' kuq;a fuu
hq.hg wh;a is;=jï j¾;udkfha yuq jkafka ia:dk lsysmhl muKs' tA w;r —iS.sßh˜
yd —ys|.,˜ úfYaI ;ekla .kS' bkaÈhdfõ merKs wcka;d is;=jïj,g kElï lshk
iS.sß Ñ;% tl, is;=jï l,dfõ wmQ¾j;ajh fmkakqï lrkakls' merKs fn!oaO
wrdu yd f,ka úydrj, is;=jï fuhg iu.dó j we| we;s nj meyeÈ,s h' ys|.,
úydria:dkfha ±kg uelS f.dia we;s is;=jï iS.sß iïm%odhg wh;a jQjls'
fmdf<dkakre hq.fha merKs u is;=jï mej;s ia:dk f,i uyshx.K ia;+mfha Od;+
.¾Nh" ÈUq,d., f,ka yd ;sjxl ms<suf.h y÷kdf.k we;' fï ia:dkhkays meje;s
Ñ;%j, fndaêi;aaj pß;fha yd nqoaO pß;fha úúO wjia:djka ksrEmKh flf¾' ta
nj ±kg fYaI ù we;s is;=jï fldgia ;=<ska y÷kd .; yels h' úfYaIfhka fï
hq.fha úYd,;u Ñ;%dj,sh olakg ,efnkafka fmdf<dkakrefõ ;sjxl ms<suf.hsks'
uy merl=ïnd rcq úiska lrjk ,o fÊ;jkdrdufha ms<su f.h fï kñka y÷kajd
we;' fuys .¾N.Dyfha we;s is;=jï ;=<ska nqoaO pß;h;a wka;rd,fha we;s is;=jï
u`.ska cd;l l:d;a ksrEmKh fõ' tu is;=jï w;r nqÿrcdKka jykafia foõf,dj
isg ixliaimqrhg jevu lsÍu o ii" fjiaika;r" idu wd§ cd;l l:d /ila o

olakg ,efí' fï ish¨ lreKq ;=<ska fmkakqï flfrkafka tl, ÈhqKq Ñ;% l,djla
mej;s njhs'
f,djla uú;hg m;a lrk úúO l,d ks¾udKj,ska fmdfydi;a fuu mskaìfï msysá
mQckSh ia:dk wdrlaId lsÍu ,dxlsl wm ieuf.a u hq;=luls' th ;ks mqoa.,fhl=g
fyda wdh;khlg muKla l< yels ld¾hhla fkdfõ' mqrdúoHd fomd¾;fïka;=jg
yd ixialD;sl ;%sfldaK wruqo,g muKla fïjd wdrlaId lsÍu wmyiq h' wo ojfia
Ôj;a jk wm fïjd wdrlaId lsÍug fkdfm<UqKfyd;a u;= mrmqrg w;S; Wreuhka
±l .ekSfï wjia:dj wysñ jkjd muKla fkdj jir oyia .Kkl wfma fm%!V
b;sydih ;yjqre lrk Ôjudk idlaIs o wysñ fõ' ta ksid yels iEu wjia:djl u
fïjd wdrlaId lsÍug fhduq úh hq;= h' we;eï úg wmf.a fkdie,ls,su;aNdjh
ksid o fïjd úkdY jk wjia:d ±lsh yels h' fï ia:dk jkaokdudk lsÍug fyda
±l n,d .ekSug .sh úg merKs .fvd,a neñ u; weúo hdu" tu ia:dk l=regq
.Eu" merKs ks¾udK fyda .fvd,a u; jdã ù isàu lsis fia;a fkdl< hq;= h'
fuu ia:dkj, m%isoaO fldg we;s Wmfoia m%pdrKj,g wkqj ls%hd lsÍug wm
ish¨ fokd u fhduq úh hq;= h' ta u.ska fm!rdKsl jia;+ka yd l,d;aul ks¾udK
wdrlaId lsÍfï j.lSu o wm fj;ska bgq jkafka h'
idrdxYh
ñys÷ uyry;ka jykafiaf.a ,xld.ukh;a bka miq j ix>ñ;a;d f;rKsh we;=¿

wgf<dia l=,hl meñKSu;a iu. furg ck;djg odhdo /ila Wreu úh' tA w;r
l,d Ys,am tla odhdohls' Ñ;%" uQ¾;s" leghï yd .Dyks¾udK l,dj tys,d m%Odk
fõ' fuu mdvu ;=<ska uQ¾;s l,djg wh;a m%Odk ks¾udKhla jQ nqoaO m%;sudj yer
wkqrdOmqr yd fmdf<dkakre hq.j,g wh;a fiiq l,d Ys,am ms<sn| j ieflúka
f;dr;=re bÈßm;a lr we;' f,djla uú;hg m;a lrk wfma Wreuhka ,dxlslhkaf.a
fm%!V b;sydih bÈßm;a flfrk w,sÅ; idlaIs fõ' tneúka fm!rdKsl Wreuhka
w.hk w;r tAjdfha iqrlaIs;;dj ;yjqre lsÍu f,dl= l=vd wm ieuf.a u hq;=luls¦
hq. fufyjrls'

l%shdldrlu
1' ia;+mhl wdlD;shla we| tys wx. kï lrkak'
2' wkqrdOmqr yd fmdf<dkakre iòlv myfKys we;s m%Odk fjkialu ,shkak'
3' uqr.f,a wdrïNl wjia:dfõ isg ixj¾Ok wjia:dj olajd olakg ,efnk
leghï kï lrkak'
4' .Dy ks¾udK" Ñ;% yd leghïj,g wod< ks¾udK fjka fjka j y÷kd f.k
my; i|yka j.=j iïmQ¾K lrkak'
.Dy ks¾udK Ñ;% leghï
mejreu
1' wkqrdOmqr fmdf<dkakre hq.j, .Dy ks¾udK" Ñ;% yd leghïj,g wod< j

f;dr;=re" is;=jï fyda PdhdrEm we;=<;a lrñka l=vd fmd;la ilia lrkak'
thg iqÿiq kula o fhdokak'

21 fn!oaO idys;Hh ri ú¢uq
rE /fia w¢kd f,fia w;a f<, È§ úÿ,sh mnd
rka rfia tla jk f,fia fjK kdokQ md ;n ;nd
lïmfia fok ir f,fia foi n, n,d fk;.ska ind
uï flfia mjiï tfia jr iqr <`ÿka ÿka r`. iqnd
mqj;am; lshjñka isá ug .=jka úÿ,sfhka ñysß f,i fï moHh we;=¿ moH lsysmhla
.dhkd lrkq weisKs' iqis,a fm%aur;ak .dhlhd tfia uOqr f,i .dhkh lf<a
jE;a;Efõ ysñhka úiska rpkd lrk ,o .=;a;s,fhys tk moHhls'
isxy, idys;Hh ÈhqKq jQfha nK l;d idys;Hhla jYfhks' fmd;m; nyq, fkdjQ
merKs hq.fha idys;H lD;s iEu tlla u mdfya iduQysl j ijka §fï reÑh
j¾Okh jk f,i ks¾udKh lrkakg tod .;al;=jreka l< W;aidyh w.h l<
hq;= h' furg idys;H b;sydih wm yodrkafka rdcOdks mokï lrf.k h' tla
tla hq.j, NdId Ndú;h;a" ck iudcfha iajrEmh;a" ks¾udK fl!Y,Hh yd ri
úkaokh;a ms<sn| j lsis hï wjfndaOhla ,nd .ekSug idys;H lD;s wjia:dj
i,ihs' wkqrdOmqr" fmdf<dkakre" oUfoKs idys;H hq.j, rpkd jQ isxy, idys;H
lD;s lsysmhla ms<sn| j úuid ne,Sfuka Wla; lreKq ;yjqre fõ'
wkqrdOmqr idys;H hq.h

furg b;sydifha wdÈ;u wjêh wkqrdOmqr hq.hhs' wkqrdOmqrh w.kqjr fldg
f.k rdcH md,kh isÿ jQ tu hq.fha isxy, fn!oaO idys;Hh ms<sn| f;dr;=re
wgqjd yd jxY l;djkays i|yka fõ' furg merKs u isxy, fn!oaO idys;H lD;s
jYfhka ie,flkafka iSy,ÜG l:d fyj;a fy< wgqjd h' tkï md,s NdIdfjka
;snQ ;%smsgl O¾uhg isxy, NdIdfjka imhk ,o w¾:l:khka h' tajd wo olakg
fkd,efí' ishnia,lr fuu hq.hg wh;a ±kg fYaIù we;s lD;sj,ska tlls' fuu
lD;sh idys;HlrKhg fhduqjkakkag wjYH Wmfoia ,nd fohs'
‘‘fmfoka nqÿ isß;e - niska j;a isß;a wE'''''˜ hkqfjka lD;sh wdrïNfha u i|yka
fjhs' t;eka mgka furg ks¾udKlrejka úiska idys;H lD;s i|yd f;aud lr .kq
,enqfõ fndai;a pß;h yd nqoaO pß;hhs' wkqrdOmqr hq.fha rpkd jQ idys;H lD;sj,ska
wo jk úg b;sß j we;af;a .%ka: lsysmhls' ta w;r isLj<| yd isLj<|úksi
hk .%ka:h NslaIQka jykafia,df.a mßYS,kh i|yd rpkd ù ;sfí' Oïu mofhys
tk nqoaO foaYkdjkag .egmo yd újrK iemhSu i|yd lrk ,o Oïmshd wgqjd
.egmoh o úfYaI .oH jHdLHdk lD;shls'

wkqrdOmqr hq.hg wh;a merKs u isxy, moH ks¾udK yuq jkafka iS.sß legm;a
mjqßks' m<uq jk ldYHm rcqf.a jdiia:dkh jQ iS.sßh ne,Sug .sh ck;dj tys
legm;a mjqf¾ ,shd we;s moH .Kk b;d úYd, h' uydpd¾h fikr;a mrKú;dk
uy;d úiska bka moH 685la lshjd m%ldYhg m;afldg we;' ta ;=<ska tl, ck;djf.a
riúkaok yelshdj" is;=ï me;=ï" ixialD;sh ms<sn| j lsis hï wjfndaOhla ,nd
.ekSug yels fõ'
fmdf<dkakre idys;H hq.h
wfma rc orejka fmdf<dkakrej uOHia:dkh fldg f.k rdcH md,kh isÿ l<
wjêh fmdf<dkakre hq.hhs' furg idys;H jxYl:djg w.kd .oH moH lD;s
lsysmhla tu wjêfha § tla úh'
wudj;=r
.=re¿f.daó m`ä;=ud úiska rpkd lrk ,o fï lD;sh nqÿrcdKka jykafiaf.a mqßi
oïu idrÒ .=Kh j¾Kkd lrkakls'
—nqÿ.=K wkka; jk neúka kj .=K yeu lsh;a fkdms<sjkska tys mqßi
oïu idrÓ hk moh f.K o''''''˜
hkqfjka .%ka: wdrïNfha yd wjidkfha flfrk újrKh ta nj ;yjqre lrhs'
tf;la md,s NdIdfjka meje;s oukl:d oy wg ms<sn| j Y%djl ck;djg ±k
.ekSug yels jQfha o wudj;=r ;=<sks'
O¾u m%§msldj

.=re¿f.dañ m`ä;=ukaf.a úYdro ±kqu m%lg lrk .%ka:h O¾u m%§msldjhs' fuh
md,s fndaêjxYh mokï lrf.k rpkd jQjls' th fndaëka jykafia jgd f.;=Kq
l;dj,ska ix.Dys; jQjla f,i o ie,fla' —.=re¿ f.daóka úiska rpkd lrk ,o O¾u
m%§mSldj kï fndaêjxY mßl:d ksñ˜ hkqfjka .%ka:djidkfha i|yka m%ldYfhka
th meyeÈ,s fõ'
nq;airK
nqÿrcdKka jykafiaf.a kj wryd§ .=K j¾Kkd flfrk wuD;djy kï lD;sh
úoHd pl%j¾;s kï m`äjrhd úiska rpkd lrk ,oaols' nq;airK hkak fuu .%ka:hg
w;sf¾l kduhla f,i fh§ we;' tys iEu fþohl u wjidkfha —nqÿka irK fhñhs
nq;airK hdhq;=˜ hkqfjka olajd ;sfí' fuu .%ka:h nq;airK kñka y÷kajk ,oafoa
tu ksid h'
.%ka:fha wdrïNl mßÉfþoj,ska nqoaO pß;h yd iuyr cd;l l;d fuka u kj
wrydÈ nqÿ.=K yd nqÿrcdKka jykafiaf.a foaYkd ú,dYhka ms<sn| j o úia;r fõ'
fuh md,sfhys ,shejqKq l;d mqj;a isxy,g ke.Sula f,ig ye¢kaúh fkdyels h'
tla;rd .S;j;a njlska jvd;a ks¾udKd;aul j fuu l;=jrhd ish lD;sh bÈßm;a
lrhs' fï tla ksoiqkls'
—ta ñysß rej weie fy;a ue" ta ñysß y`v lKe fy;a ue" ol=K;ska
.;a lvqj ìu jeà fyknõ fkd±ke" ju;ska .;a m<`.h jeà fyknõ
fkd ±ke" fol fow;ska fy<d Y%S mdofhys je`± je;s/ f.dia — o;sñ iajdóks"
ye¢kafkñ iajdóks''''''''˜ ^wx.=,sud, oukh&
—wE; OQ,ska jeiS .sh we;arc he" uE; ijKla >K nqÿ/iska ie§ .sh
nqÿrcdfKda he" wE; fldamfhka r;a je .sh hjg jeks weia we;s
we;a rc he" uE; lreKdfhka f;;a je .sh ks,auyfk,a fm;s mrhk weia
we;s nqÿrcdfKda he ''''''''˜ ^kd,d.ssß oukh&

uqjfoõodj; yd iiodj;
isxy,fhka rpkd jQ merKs u .S ldjH folla f,i uqjfoõodj; yd iiodj;
ie,fla' fï ldjH folg jia;= úIh ù we;af;a uLdfoaj cd;lh yd ii cd;lh hs'
fuu lD;sj, l;=jreka ljqreka o hk j. i|yka fkdfõ' iiodj;g fhdod .;a
NdIdj uqjfoõodj;g fhdod.;a NdIdj ;rï iqug jQjla fkdjk nj úoaj;=kaf.a
woyihs' .;al;=jreka fom< uyd ldjH iïm%odh wkq.ukh lr we;;a fn!oaO
uqyqKqjr;a" ;u iajdëk;dj;a /l .ksñka ks¾udKYS,S j ld¾hh ksu fldg we;s
nj lsj yels h' nqÿ.=K jekSfï ÿIalr;dj uqjfoõodj; lúhd olajd we;af;a
fufia h'
yÕsï o ud fufkka - .=K ysñhd lshkakg
fmdfydfkï fk¿Ue’iskjqkd - m,÷;a fyd;a ;=ir yr
— ud wkka; nqÿ.=K lshkakg .kakd fuu W;aidyh fk¿ï yqhlska
msksì÷ wuqKd me<£ug .kakd W;aidyhla jeks h'˜
oUfoKs idys;H hq.h

.oH moH idys;H lD;s isxyf,ka" md,sfhka yd ixialD;fhka rpkd jQ hq.hla
f,i fï wjêh ie,fla' idys;H ks¾udKlrKfha úYdro;ajh m%lg l< .sys meúÈ
m`äjreka lsysm fofkl=f.a ìysùu fuu hq.fha § ±l.; yels h' Tjqyq isxy,
idys;Hhg buy;a fmdaIKhla fok Wiia ks¾udK /ila ìyslf<da h'
mQcdj,sh
kj wryd§ nqÿ.=Kj, wryx .=Kh f;aud lrf.k mQcdj,sh rpkd lrkq ,enqfõ
uhqrmdo msßfjkam;s nqoaOmq;% ysñmdKka úisks' fojk merl=ïnd rcqf.a weue;shl= jQ
foajm%;srdcf.a wdrdOkdfjka fuh ksujk ,o nj i|yka fjhs' mßÉfþo 34 la
we;s fuys f.!;u nqÿrcdKka jykafia iqfïO ;dmi wjêfha § §mxlr nqÿrcdKka
jykafiaf.ka ksh; újrK .ekSfï isg mßks¾jdKh f;la jQ nqoaO pß;h 32
jk mßÉfþoh olajd bÈßm;a flf¾' mßÉfþo 33-¡34 ys ,xldfõ b;sydih II jk

merl=ïnd rdcH iuh olajd úia;r fõ' fmdÿ ck;djg .e<fmk nia jyrla fhdod
f.k wikakkaf.a Y%oaOd Nla;sh j¾Okh flfrk whqßka l;d jia;= rpkd ù
we;' nqÿrcdKka jykafiag isÿ lrk mQcdjka /ila ms<sn| j fuys úia;r ùu ksid
mQcdj,sh hk ku fh¥ nj o fmfka'
ioaO¾u r;akdj,sh
‘‘ioaO¾uh kue;s ñKsleg weñKQ ud,h’’ hk wre; f.fkk ioaO¾u r;akdj,sh

O¾ufiak kï ysñhkaf.a ks¾udKhls' md,s OïumoÜG l;dj weiqre lrf.k rpkd
jqj o th lsis úgl;a modkq.; mßj¾;khla fkdfõ' ioaO¾u r;akdj,sh fmdÿ
fn!oaO uyckhdf.a wNs,dIhka Wfoid u rpkd l< nj .%ka:drïNfha § i|yka
mdGfhka meyeÈ,shs'
‘‘tfia fyhska hï flfkla kqjK u|j;a l=i,ÉPkaoh we;s j O¾udNsfhda.hg

Wmfoia ,È;a nK ±k mskalï yeisr ksjka idod.ks;akï tfia jQ i;a mqreIhskag
jev i|yd ioaO¾u r;akdj,S kï .%ka:hla lrï y'’’ .%ka:fha wka;¾.; iEu l;d
jia;=jlska u tu wruqK ms<sìUq fõ'
fuys § .eñ jyrg ióm jQ Wmud Wmfïhhka nyq, f,i fhdod .ekSu;a" pß;
ksrEmKfhys yd wjia:d ksrEmKfhys ±la jQ idu¾:Hh;a b;d jeo.;a h' :q,a,;siai
l;d jia;=fõ :q,a,;siai ysñhka jhia.; j meúÈ ùu ksid ud¾. M, ,nd .ekSug
fkdyels jQ whqre .eñ Ôú;hg jvd;a <xfjñka Wmudkqidrfhka ±lajQfha ‘‘f.dhï
l< ukd jl ;nd mshd l,a miq fldg lrk f.dhula fia’’ hkqfjks' fun÷ Wmud
Wmfïhhka /ila .%ka:h mqrd u ±l .; yels h' fï wdldrhg .eñ ckhdg jvd;a
ióm jyßka tk l;dka;r Í;sh o fhdod .ekSu Wka jykafiag u wdfõKsl jQjls'
iEu l;djla wdrïNfha § u tu l;dj bÈßm;a lsÍfï wruqK;a wjidkfha bka
W.; hq;= mdvu;a úia;r ùfuka th meyeÈ,s fõ'
‘‘.eñ yoj;a y÷kd.;a O¾ufiak ysñfhda ioaO¾u r;akdj,sfhka .eñhkag nK

lSy' ioaO¾u r;akdj,sfha l;d oUÈj Wmka l;d jqj o tajd furg Wmka l;d
mßoafoka yev .eiaiSug O¾ufiak ysñhkag yels jQfha .eñ Ôú;fhka ,o w;a±lSï
tajdg leùu fya;=fldg f.k h' .eñ yoj;aj,g tajd fnfyúka wdikak úh'
ioaO¾u r;akdj,sfha msgq w;ßka u;=jkafka mqiafld< fmd;a iqj| fkdj .eñ
Ôú;fha iqj| hs'’’
ûd¾áka úl%uisxy&
oyï irK
nq;airK rpkd ffY,shg wkq.; j hñka oyï irK o rpkd ù we;' nqÿka
irK fhñ hs nq;airK hd hq;= hkqfjka nq;airKfhys ks;r i|yka jk mßÈ u fuys §

oyï irK hd hq;= hkak ks;r Ndú; ùu fï ku we;s ùug fya;= ù we;' l;=jrhd
ljqreka o hk j. ksYaÑ; j ±laúh fkdyels h' we;eï wh úoHdpl%j¾;Ska u fuh o
rpkd l< nj ±laùug W;aidy .;a; o tys we;=<;a NdId Í;Skag wkqj th idjoH
u;hla nj ie,fla' ixialD; jpk nyq, j úY=oaê ud¾.fha ±lafjk Oïudkqiai;sh
mokï fldg f.k oyï irK ,sheù we;s nj úoaj;a u;h fõ'
i`. irK
;sirK fmd;a fmf<a f;jekak i`. irKhs' fuh o úoHdpl%j¾;Skaf.a lD;shla
f,i ±laùug we;euqka W;aidy .;a; o fndfyda úoaj;a;= th o m%;slafIam lr;s'
ix>r;akh fln÷ .=K we;s W;=ï msßila o hk j. ck;djg b;d fláfhka
meyeÈ,s lr §u fuu lD;sfhys f;audj ù we;' ;%smsgl wÜGl:dj,ska iy úY=oaê
ud¾.fhka ,nd .;a f;dr;=re fuys we;=<;a fjhs' tA ksid wgqjd l;d fy< niska
lSug .;a W;aidyhla f,i o fuh ye¢kaúh yels h'
lõis¿ñK
Ndr;Sh w,xldr Ydia;%h mokï lrf.k ks¾udKh jQ isxy,fha úYsIag;u uyd
ldjHh lõis¿ñKhs' l=iod lj f,isska ye¢kajqKq fuh ‘lõis¿ñK’ f,i m%lg
jQfha fy< lõf,dfõ jákdu ldjHh jQ ksid h' fuys l;=jrhd oUfoKsfha rclï
l< fojk merl=ïnd ksß÷ka h' .%ka:h rpkd lsÍug f;aud lrf.k we;af;a l=i
cd;lhhs' fï>¥;h jeks ixialD; uyd ldjHhl wka;¾.; i¾. nkaOk wd§
ldjH Í;ss Ndú;hg .ksñka YDx.dr rih okjk f,i rpkd ù we;s fuh i¾.
15 lska yd .S 770 ka hqla; fõ' tl, lõis¿ñK bf.kSu W.f;l= ùfï u.la f,i
ie,lsK'
—lõis¿ñK wfma merKs idys;Hfha tl u uyd lj ùu ksid isxy, idys;H
b;sydifha Bg ysñ ;ek o wks;a lsis u isxy, lú fmd;lg ke;s ;rñka by<g
f.dia ;sfí' W.;l=g uy;a wdorhlska o uy;a leue;a;lska o ´kE ;rug
lõis¿ñKg yrir ±laùug mq¿jkalu ;sîu tys úfYaI ,laIKhls' .;alre;a"
fmdf;a jia;=j;a" tys jekquq;a" we;=<;a l< foa;a" ldjH rih;a" WmfoaYh;a hk fï
ish¨ wxf.damdx.hkaf.ka wvqjla fkd;sîu lõis¿ñKg tA úfYaI ,laIKh f.k
§ug fya;= ù we;'˜
îsxy, idys;H jxYh -
mqxÑnKavdr ikakia.,&
fuf;la wmf.a j¾Kkhg ,la jQ idys;H lD;s wo olajd mej;=fKa tod fndfyda
fokd tAjd mßYS,kh lsÍug fhduq ùu ksid h' furg merKs ck iudch ;=< mej;s
wd.ñl" wd¾Ól" foaYmd,k mßirh ms<sn|j;a" NdId Ndú;h ms<sn|j;a j;auka
iudchg ±k .ekSug fï ;=<ska yelshdj ,efí' wkd.; mrmqrg fïjdfha we;s
jeo.;alu lshd §fï j.lSu mejfrkqfha wmg h' úfõl ,o iEu úgl u kslrefKa
ld,h .; fkdfldg fun÷ iïNdjH .oH moH idys;H lD;s lshùug fm<öfuka
wmg tu lD;s ms<sn| ±kqula o ukd ridiajdohla o ,nd .; yels h'

idrdxYh
wkqrdOmqr hq.fha isg oUfoKs hq.h f;la rpkd jQ .oH moH isxy, fn!oaO idys;H
lD;s /ila wmg Wreu j we;' wkqrdOmqr hq.fha rpkd jQ lD;sj,ska fndfyduhla
wúoHudk jk w;r fiiq hq. foflys rÑ; idys;H lD;s fndfyduhla u wo
olajd olakg ,efí' nqoAO pß;h yd fndai;a isß; fï ks¾udK i|yd f;aud jQ
nj meyeÈ,s h' isxy, fn!oaO idys;H fmdaIKhg jvd;a odhl jQ .%ka: lsysmhla
muKla fuys § y÷kajd fok ,È' fï idys;H lD;s mßYS,kh ;=<ska tod wd.ñl"
idudðl" foaYmd,k f;dr;=re fuka u ;j;a fndfyda b;sydi.; lreKq ms<sn| j o
±kqu ,nd .ekSug yels fõ' tfia u riúkaok yelshdj j¾Okh lr .ekSug o
wjldY ie,fihs'
l%shdldrlu
1' nqoaO pß;h mokï lrf.k fmdf<dkakre hq.fha rÑ; idys;H lD;s y;rla yd
tajdfha l¾;Djreka kï lrkak'
2' oUfoKs hq.fha idys;H ks¾udKlrKhg odhl jQ .sys meúÈ m`äjreka fofofkl=
kï lr ta W;=ukaf.a ks¾udK y÷kajd fokak'
mejreu
ioaO¾u r;akdj,sfha tla l:djia;=jla f;dardf.k tys tk Wmud WoaOD; lr

olajkak'

22 rdcH md,kh ms<sn|
fn!oaO b.ekaùï
ljr mqoa.,hl=g jqj o l=uk iudchlg jqj o ksrjq,a iduldó iqÅ; uqÈ; Ôú;hla
.; lsÍug WmldÍ jk lreKq /ils' iudch ;=< ish¨ iudðlhskag ys;lr jQ
md,khla ;sîu tA w;=rska b;d jeo.;a lreKla fõ' nqÿ oyu yqfola mqoa.,hdf.a
yd iudcfha iodpdr ixj¾Okh" wdOHd;añl ÈhqKqj jeks lreKq .ek muKla
wjOdkh fhduq lrkakla fkdfõ' mrf,dj fuka u fuf,dj hymeje;au o nqÿ
oyu w.h lrhs' ±yeñ iudchla we;s lr .ekSug;a fof,dj hym;a Ôú;hla
<`.dlr .ekSug;a iudchl fyd| foaYmd,k mßirhla ;sìh hq;= h hkak nqÿ oyu
ms<s.kshs'
oi ilaú;sj;a
lsis hï rdcHhl hymd,khla mj;ajdf.k hdug WmldÍ jk rdcH mßmd,k

m%;sm;a;s /ila nqÿ oyfï yuq fõ' oi ilaú;sj;a ta w;r jeo.;a ;ekla .kS' tu rdcH
md,k ms<sfj;a oyh §> ksldfha plalj;a;S iSykdo iQ;%fha ±lafjkafka tla;rd
m%jdo l;djla jYfhks' ta wkqj w;S;fha zo,ayfkañZ kï ilaú;s rc flfkl=
jdih lr we;' Tyq Od¾ñl j rg md,kh l< neúka ima;r;akh kñka jákd
iïm;a y;la my< úh' tys m<uq jekak pl%r;akhhs' th rdcH;ajfha ixfla;hhs'
È.= l,la Od¾ñl j tu rcf;fï rg md,kh lsÍfuka wk;=rej ;u jeäuy,a
mq;=g rclu mjrd ;mig .sfha h' .eg¨jla we;s jqj fyd;a ;ud úuik f,i o
Tyq ;u mq;=g mejiS h'
mq;%hd rdcH md,kh lrk jljdkqfõ ál l,lska pl%r;akh w;=reoyka úh' Tyq
fï nj msh rc;=ud yuq ù okajd isáfha h' túg t;=ud ;u mq;%hd wu;d zzorej fuu
ilaú;s rclu Tng msh Wreufhka ysñ jkakla fkdfõ' ta i|yd ksis ms<sfj;a
mqrd iqÿiafil= úh hq;= h' mqka fmdfyda Èfkl fuu rdcH md,k m%;sm;a;s oyh
iudoka j th /lSug fhduq jkak' túg tu iïm;a kej; ysñ fõ'ZZ hkqfjka mjid
tu ilaú;sj;a oyh olajd we;'
Tn O¾uh weiqre lrñka" O¾uhg .re lrñka" O¾uhg nqyquka lrñka" O¾uh mqoñka"
O¾uhg hgy;a meje;=ï olajñka" O¾uh Ochla fia fmrgq fldg" O¾uh l=ka;hla
fia Tijdf.k" O¾uh iajdñhd f,i f.k"

01' Tnf.a wUqorejka we;=¿ rc mjqf,a msßig Od¾ñl /ljrKh i,ikak'
02' rg rlsk n< fikÕg Od¾ñl /ljrKh i,ikak'
03' rdcH fiajfha kshq;= úúO ;k;=re ork laI;S%h msßig Od¾ñl /ljrKh
i,ikak'
04' lDIs l¾udka;h wd§ ksIamdok lghq;=j, ksr; n%dyauK .Dym;Skag

Od¾ñl /ljrKh i,ikak'
05' l=vd .ïj, jeishkg yd ckmo jdiSkag o Od¾ñl /ljrKh i,ikak'

06' ck;djf.a iÞpdr ixj¾Okhg u. fmkajk Y%uK n%dyauK msßiaj,g
Od¾ñl /ljrKh i,ikak'
07' ;sßikqkag yd mlaISkag Od¾ñl /ljrKh i,ikak'
08' rfÜ wOd¾ñl l%shd we;s fkdjk whqßka lghq;= lrkak'
09' È<s÷ ckhdg Okh fokak'
10' is,aj;a" .=Kj;a" úh;a uyK nuqKkaf.ka wjjdo wkqYdikd ,nd .ksñka rg
md,kh lrkak'
oi ilaú;sj;a iuia;hla jYfhka .;a l, fn!oaO rdcH md,khlska wfmalaId

lrk jeo.;a lreKq lsysmhla we;s nj meyeÈ,s fõ'
01' Od¾ñl rdcH md,kh

02' ñksia ;sßika wd§ iEu fldgilg u wdrlaIdj ,nd §u
03' kS;sh l%shd;aul lrñka kS;s úfrdaë wOd¾ñl l%shd je<elaùu
04' iqÿiq mqoa.,hkaf.ka Wmfoia ,nd .ekSu
Od¾ñl;ajh ljr ld¾hhl § jqj o w¾:j;a úh hq;= nj nqÿ oyu W.kajhs'

úfYaIfhka u rdcH md,lfhl= ±yeñ úh hq;= h' Tjqka w±yeñ jQ l, weue;sjreka
ks,orejka jekafkda o ks.u ckmo jdiSyq o w±yeñ fj;s' thska mßirh mjd
úlD;s ù fndfyda wjev isÿ jk nj oyfuys fmkajd § ;sfí' nqÿ oyug wkqj
uyckhd úiska m<uq md,lhd m;a lrk ,oafoa o Od¾ñl md,khla wfmalaIdfjks'
±yeñ j lghq;= lsÍu fn!oaOhka jk wm ljqreka úiskq;a wu;l fkdl< hq;a;ls'

;sßika .; i;a;ajfhda o Ôj f,dalhg wh;a fj;s' nqÿ oyu wkqj ish¨ Ôùkag fu;a
jeäh hq;= h¦ fi;a me;sh hq;= h' ljr Ôúhl=g jqj o ysxid mSvd fkdl< hq;= h'
rcqka úiska o th tfia u l< hq;= nj nqÿ oyfuys fmkajd fohs' fuys § ñksia Ôú;
fuka u ;sßika Ôú; .ek o Wkkaÿ ù ;sîu b;d jeo.;a h' isiqka jk wm o th
wkq.ukh lsÍu fnfyúka jeo.;a fõ'
rgl ck Ôú;h iqÅ; uqÈ; ùug kï kS;s úfrdaë idmrdë l%shd fkd;sìh hq;= h'
ksis f,i kS;sh l%shdjg k`.ñka hqla;sh bgq lsÍfuka iduh ;yjqre lrñka md,kh
lsÍu rcqf.a j.lSuhs' idmrdë l%shd fkdfldg kS;s.rel j Od¾ñl j Ôj;a ùug
mdi,a orejka jk wm o j. n,d .; hq;= h'
È<s÷lu fndfyda idmrdë l%shdjkag ñksiqka fmd<Ujk nj fuu iQ;%fha u i|yka

fõ' fidrlu" fndre lSu" ukqIH >d;kh wd§ iudc úfrdaë l%shd uq¿ukska u
md,kh lsÍug kï tAjdg ;=vq § we;s fya;= ke;s l< hq;= h' ta wkqj iudch ;=<
iqrlaIs; wd¾Ól ;;a;ajhla f.dvke.Su rcqf.a j.lSuhs' mdi,a isiqka jk wm o wm
i;= iïm;a /l .ksñka u;= ÈhqKqjg iïm;a /ia lsÍug mqreÿ úh hq;= h'
rdcH md,lhd w;a;fkdau;sl j l%shd lrk taldêm;sfhl= fkdúh hq;= nj nqÿ oyfï
fkdfhla úg olajd ;sfí' Tyq wkqkag ijka Èh hq;= h' úfYaIfhka u iudcfhys
Ôj;a jk .=Kj;a" úh;a W;=ukaf.a Wmfoia ,nd .ksñka rdcH md,kh l< hq;= h'
túg jvd;a id¾:l yd M,odhS md,khla Tyqg l%shd;aul l< yels fõ' l=vd orejka
jk wm o tu wdo¾Y wkqj .=K kqjK we;s jeäysáhkaf.a wjjdo wkqYdikd ,nd
f.k Ôú;h id¾:l lr .; fyd;a wkd.;fha ±yeñ md,khg odhl úh yels fõ'
ima; wmßydkSh O¾u

nqoaO ld,Sk Ndr;fha m%Odk md,k l%u folla mej;sKs' rdcdKavq l%uh bka tlls'
iuQydKavq md,kh fyj;a .K;ka;% md,kh wfklhs' tjlg jÊð rcorejka úiska
tn÷ .K;ka;% md,khla l%shd;aul l< nj i|yka fõ' Tjqkaf.a wNsjDoaêh we;s
l<" msßySu je<elajQ tu md,k l%uh m%;sm;a;s y;lska hqla; úh' tajd Tjqka bf.k
.;af;a nqÿrcdKka jykafiaf.ks'
01' ks;r ks;r /iaùu
02' iu.s j /ia j" iu.s j idlÉPd fldg" iu.sj úisr hdu
03' fmr fkdmekjQ kS;s" fkdmekùu yd mkjk ,o kS;s lv
fkdfldg wdrlaId lsÍu
04' jeäysáhkag yd Tjqkaf.a woyiaj,g .re lsÍu
05' ldka;djkag wdrlaIdj ie,iSu
06' jÊð rdcHh we;=<; yd msg; mQckSh ia:dk wdrlaId lsÍu yd
lv fkdfldg mqoisß;a meje;aùu
07' ;u rdcHhg meñ‚ yd meñfKk mQckSh W;=ukag myiqlï
ie,iSu

by; i|yka l< ima; wmßydkSh O¾u oi ilaú;sj;aj, wjOdrKh fkdjk
jeo.;a md,k m%;sm;a;s lSmhla W.kajhs'
1' rdcH md,lhska iu.s j l%shd l< hq;=hs'
2' kS;sh ksis f,i wdrlaId l< hq;=hs'
3' ldka;djkag wdrlaIdj ie,ish hq;=hs'
4' mQckSh ia:dk wdrlaId lrñka tu W;=ukag myiqlï ie,ish hq;=hs'
ks;r /iaùu;a" iu.s j /iaùu;a iduQysl md,kfha § b;d jeo.;a fõ' tys §
nyq;rhlf.a woyia ms<sn| j wjOdkh fhduq l< yels h' jeä fofkl=g ijka Èh
yels h' thska md,lhd w;a;fkdau;sl j l%shd lrk tAldêm;sjrfhl= ùu je<fla'
Tyq jvd;a m%cd;ka;%jd§ fjhs' uyckhdg uqyqK mEug isÿ jk m%Yak ks;r idlÉPd
fldg iu.s j jev l< yels h' ks;r tla/ia ù idlÉPd fldg jev lsÍu o
w.fka h'
rgl kS;sh yeu w;ska u rg jeishkaf.a hym; we;s lrjkakla úh hq;= h'
iduQysl j iïu; lr .;a kS;s moaO;sh ;ks ;ks j fjkia fkdlr lghq;= lsÍu
iu.shg fuka u m%.;shg o fya;= fjhs' kS;sh uyckhd i|yd h" uyckhd kS;sh
i|yd fkdfjhs hk wjfndaOfhka rcq l%shd l< hq;= h' orejka jk wm o kS;s lv
fkdfldg kS;s .rel j fmdÿ Od¾ñl ;SrKj,g tlÕ j l%shd lsÍug mqreÿ ùu
wjYH fõ'
ldka;dfjda iudchl b;d jeo.;a ;ekla .ks;s' ujqjreka f,i Tjqyq orejka
ìys fldg we;s±ä lrñka iudch f.dvk.;s' .DyKshla f,i iudcfha l=vd u
tAllh jQ mjq,;a" .Dyh;a /l n,d .ks;s' Tjqkag úfYaI wdrlaIdjla ie,iSu yd
Tjqkaf.a wNsjDoaêhg wjYH mshjr .ekSu o f,dalfha ÈhqKq md,k l%uj, b;d
jeo.;afldg ie,fla' mdi,a orejka jk wm o th wdo¾Yhg f.k l%shd l< hq;= h'
wd.u" ixialD;sh yd idrO¾u rlaIKh yd fmdaIKh lsÍu i|yd l%shd lrkafka

iudchl mQcH mlaIhhs' mQckSh ia:dk Bg wod< wdh;k fõ' md,lfhl= úiska
tfia w;HjYH fufyjrl fhfok mQckSh W;=uka yd mQckSh ia:dk rlaIKh"
fmdaIKh lrñka tu fufyjrg wkq.%y ±laúh hq;= fjhs' th yeu w;ska u iudchl
hymeje;aug ufydamldÍ fõ' mQckSh ia:dk yd mQcH W;=ukag .re i;aldr lrñka
l%shd lsÍu l=vd l, isg u mqreÿ mqyqKq úh hq;a;ls'
i;r ix.%y jia;=

iudchl ljr ;rd;srul mqoa.,fhl= ;=< jqj o l%shd;aul jYfhka ;sìh hq;=
ms<sfj;a y;rla i;r ix.%y jia;= kñka ye¢kafjhs' odkh" ms%h jpkh" w¾:p¾hdj"
iudkd;au;dj hkqfjka ±lafjkafka tu i;rhs' fuu ms<sfj;a úfYaIfhka u
kdhl;ajh orkafkl= ;=< ;sìh hq;= h'

i;r ix.%y jia;= fyj;a isõ i`.rdj;aj, m<uq j ±lafjk odkh hkq yqfola wd.ñl
lghq;a;la muKla fkdfõ' md,lhd úiska rfÜ ck;djf.a wd¾Ól wNsjDoaêh Wod
lr,Sfï wruqKska m%d.aOkh iemhSu o Bg we;=<;a h' tkï f.dú;eka lrk msßig
wod< N+ñh" ì;a;r ù" fmdfydr" c,h wdÈh ,nd §uhs' fjf<|dfï fhfok whg
fjf<|fmd< yd m%d.aOkh ,nd §u;a" rdcH fiajfha fyda fjk;a fiajdjka imhk
msßia i|yd ksis f,i n;a jegqma ,nd §u;a odkhg we;=<;a fõ' tf,i md,lhd
ck;dj flfrys j.lSfuka lghq;= lrk úg ck;dj o j.ùfuka hq;= j l%shd
lrñka fidrlñka" jxpdfjka" ¥IKfhka" m%dK>d;fhka f;dr j lghq;= lsÍug
fm<fUhs' th mqoa.,hdf.a f,!lsl wNsjDoaêh Wodlrk w;r mrf,dj hym; o
we;s lrkakla fõ'
m%sh jpk hkq hym;a jpkhs' tkï jpkfhka isÿ jk je/È y;frka f;dr j
l;dnia lsÍuhs' fndrej" fla,u" ysia jpk yd r¿ jpkfhka je<lS m%sh jpk
Ndú; lsÍuhs' wdorfhka" f.!rjfhka yd lkg ñysß jokska l;d lrkq weiSug wm
ljqre;a leue;s h' ñksiqka muKla fkdj ;sßika i;=ka o ñysß jpkhg leue;s nj
kkaÈúid, cd;lfhka o meyeÈ,s fjhs' th wmf.a o w;a±lSuls' jpkhg wiSñ;
n,hla we;' kdhlhl= th Ndú; l< hq;af;a ck;djf.a hym; i|yd h' md,lhd
fndrefjka ;ud uq,dlrkjdg ck;dj lsis úfgl;a leu;s ke;' tneúka md,lhd
m%cdjg i;H m%ldY lsÍu;a" Tjqka fNao lsÍfuka je<lS iu.sh ÈhqKq lsÍu;a" w¾:j;a
foa l;d lsÍu;a" lkg ñysß m%shYS,S l;dnia we;s nj;a hym;a md,khla i|yd
wjYH h'
w¾:p¾hdj hkqfjka woyia flfrkafka wkqkaf.a hym; yd wkqkaf.a ÈhqKqj
msKsi lghq;= lsÍuhs' ienE md,lfhl=g ck;d fiajh yer fjk;a wruqKla
;sìh fkdyels h' th Tyqf.a mru hq;=lu fõ' md,lhd hefmkafka ck;djf.a
nÿ uqo,aj,ska ksid ojfia uq¿ ld,h u fiajh i|yd lem l< hq;= h' fu;a;d"
lreKd" uqÈ;d" WfmalaLd hk isõ nUúyrK kï jQ .=K O¾uj,ska yoj; mqrjd .;a
md,lfhl=g ck;djg w¾:j;a fiajdjla lsÍu lsis úfgl;a wmyiq lreKla
fkdfõ' fï ;=<ska ish¨ rg jeishka ;ukaf.a orejka f,i is;d lghq;= lsÍfï
W;=ï ufkdaNdjhla f.dvkef.a' túg mshmq;= in|;dfjka hq;= j ck;djg fiajh
lsÍfï wjia:dj md,lhdg Wod fõ'
rgl ck;dj úúO l=," cd;s" wd.ï" NdId wkqj j¾. ù isáh o ta ish¨ fokd
flfrys iu is;ska lghq;= lsÍu iudkd;au;d ,laIKhhs' md,lfhl= i;= fï W;=ï
.=Kdx. ksid rg jeishdf.a whs;sjdislï yd ksoyi iudk whqßka iqrlaIs; fõ'
iudcfha ish,a,kaf.a hym; yd wNsjDoaêh o iudk j ie,fia' YsIH kdhl" mka;s
kdhl" ksjdi kdhl" l%Svd lKavdhï kdhl wd§ ;k;=rla wmg ,enqKfyd;a fï
iudkd;au;d .=Kfhka hqla; ùug wm j. n,d .; hq;= h'

i;r w.;sfhka f;drùu
w.;sh hkq kS;shg" hqla;shg" O¾uhg mgyeks j l%shd lsÍuhs" tfia lsÍug md,lhd
fmd<Ujk lreKq y;rls" Pkao" oafõY" Nh yd fuday hkqfjka olajd ;sfnkafka'
fuu i;r w.;shg hkakdf.a hii wjmlaIfha i| fuka msßfyk nj o w.;shg
fkdhk ;eke;a;df.a hii mqr mlaIfha i| fuka jefvk nj o nqÿrcdKka
jykafia jod<y' th wm ieug wod< jkakls' rdcH md,lhl= i;r w.;sfhka
f;drùu iqúfYaI fõ'
Pkaoh hkq leue;a;hs' w.;s.dó ùu hkq ;ukaf.alu" kEoElu" ys;j;alu"

mdlaIsl;ajh wdÈh ksid whq;= jev lsÍu h' hqla;sh yd idOdrK;ajh bgq jk f,i
l%shd lsÍfuka w.;s.dó;ajh j<lS' rdcH md,kfha § fm!oa.,sl reÑ wreÑlï
fkdi,ld l%shd lsÍu md,lhl=f.a j.lSuhs'
oafõYh hkq úreoaOjd§ is;=ú,a,ls' ;ukaf.a fkdjk ;ukag úreoaO" ;u mlaIfha

fkdjk whg widOdrKlï lrkafka kï th oafõYfhka w.;shg hEuls'
oafõYfhka ÿIs; jQ md,lfhl=g hqla;sh fyda whqla;sh" iqÿiqlï yd kqiqÿiqlï"
idrO¾u fyda widrO¾u fkdfmfka' ksr;=re j oafõYfhka hq;= j lghq;= lrk
md,lhl=g uOHia: j ksje/È j ;SrKj,g t<ôh fkdyels h'
lsis hï mqoa.,hl= fyda ixúOdk ms<sn| j we;s Nh ksid w.;shg f.dia l%shd
fkdlsÍug md,lhl= j.n,d .; hq;= h' tfia ìh uq,a lrf.k l%shd lsÍu rg
jeishdg ksiel j u ydksodhl fõ' ìh ksid" ck;djg wys;lr je/È ;SrKj,g
md,lhl= t<ôh yels h'
fudayh fyj;a uq,dj o w.;s.dó j l%shd lsÍug md,lhd fmd<Ujhs' fudayfhka

w.;s.dó jQ md,lfhl=g hqla;sh yd whqla;sh" fyd| krl f;dard fírd .ekSug
fkdyels fõ' tfia f;dard fírd .ekSug kï md,lhdg ;SlaIK nqoaêhla ;sìh
hq;= h' iudch ;=< kS;sh yd iduh kssis f,i l%shdjg kexúh yelafla o fudayfhka
w.;shg fkdhk nqoaêu;a j lghq;= lrk md,lhl=g muKs'
fï wdldrhg Od¾ñl rdcH md,khla mj;ajd .ekSug nqÿ oyñka ,nd ÿka WmfoaY
nqoaO ld,fha Ôj;a jQ ìïìidr rcq" fldfid,a rcq jeks rdcdKavq md,lhka fuka u
jÊð" u,a, rcjreka jeks iuQydKavq md,lhka o wkq.ukh l< nj fmfka' tfia u
miqld,Sk j O¾udfYdal jeks rcjreka o" ,laÈj fndfyda rcjreka o oi ilaú;sj;a"
ima; wmßydkSh O¾u" i;r ix.%y jia;= wkq.ukh l< nj;a" i;r w.;sfhka
fjka j l%shd l< nj;a" b;sydifhka meyeÈ,s fõ' tA wkqj ish rdcHhkays mßydksh
j<lajd wNsjDoaêh Wod lr .ksñka uyck;djg hym;a fiajdjla iemhSug Tjqyq
iu;a jQy' rdcH md,kh ms<sn| fuu fn!oaO b.ekaùï j¾;udk f,dalhg o fyd|
u. fmkaùuls' fnfyúka u iudc ys;ldó jQ;a" m%cd;ka;%jd§ jQ;a" rdcH md,khla

l%shdjg ke.Sug;a ck;djf.a wd¾Ól" idudðl" ixialD;sl" wd§ úúO me;sj,ska
w.h l< yels ixj¾Okhla we;s lr .ekSug;a fuu u. fmkaùu wog o Wmfhda.S
lr .; yels h'
mdi,a YsIHhka jk wmg o fndfyda wjiaa:dj, § kdhl;ajh f.k ls%hd lsÍug isÿ
fõ' tn÷ wjia:djkays § jvd;a fyd¢ka yd ld¾hlaIu j ;u fufyh bgq lsÍug
fuu fn!oaO b.ekaùï WmldÍ lr .; yels fjhs'
idrdxYh
nqÿ oyu fuf,dj" mrf,dj hk WNhd¾:h u idOkh lr .ekSug u. fmkajkakls'

tA wkqj fuf,dj hym; i|yd nqÿrÿka foaYkd l< lreKq w;r rdcH md,k
m%;sm;a;s o jeo.;a ;ekla .kS' oi ilaú;sj;a" ima; wmßydkSh O¾u" i;r ix.%y
jia;= yd i;r w.;sfhka f;dr ùu tu foaYmd,k m%;sm;a;sj,ska lSmhls' tAjd
rdcH md,lhkag fuka u fiiq iudc kdhlhskag o ish ld¾hNdrhka id¾:l lr
.ekSug WmldÍ fõ'
l%shdldrlu
01 oi ilaú;sj;a kï lrkak'
02 hym;a kdhlfhl= ùug i;r ix.%y jia;=j,ska ,efnk msájy,
meyeÈ,s lrkak'
03 mdi,a isiqjl= jYfhka rdcH md,k b.ekaùï ;=<ska Tng ,efnk wdo¾Y
fmkajd fokak'

mejreu
Tfí ksjfiys iduldó iu.s iïmkak mjq,a mßirhla f.dvk.d .ekSug wod< j
ima; wmßydkSh O¾u weiqßka l%shdldÍ ie,eiaula ms<sfh, lrkak'

23 Y%oaOdj ksjka uf.ys msúiquhs
tla iufhl Nd.Hj;a nqÿrcdKka jykafia fïo;¿ïm kï YdlH jxYslhkaf.a

kshï .fuys jdih l<y' Èkla fldfid,a rc;=ud tys iem;a jQfha imsßjßks'
nqÿrcdKka jykafia yuq jQ rc f;fï Wkajykafia iu. l< §¾> idlÉPdfõ §
fy<s l< tla mqj;l fufia ±la fõ'
—iajdñkS" hqo ìfuys fiakdj fufyhjQ tla wjia:djl uu tla;rd iïndO

iys; ;efkl rd;%sh .; lf<ñ' biso;a;" mqrdK kue;s jvqfjda fofok
ud iómfhys isáhy' rd;%sfhys fndfyda fõ,djla ±yeñ l;dnyl fh§
isá Tjqka kskaog iQÞkï jk wdldrh uu n,d isáfhñ' Tjqyq nqÿrcdKka
jykafia jev isák ÈYdjg ysi oud ud isák ÈYdjg mh oud je;srefKda h'
ud fok n;ska hefmk" ud imhk hdkfhka .uka hk" ud ksid Ôj;a jk
kuqÿ Tjqyq ud flfrys f.!rj fkdolajd Tn jykafia flfrys u f.!rj
±lajQy˜'
fldfid,a rc;=ud fy<s l< fuu isÿùu ;=< wmg yuq jkafka" ienE Y%oaOdj we;s
.sys fn!oaOhka fofofkls' Tjqka tÞ f.!rjdpdr olajd we;af;a ;ukag wdydrmdk
wdÈh imhk uyrcqg fkdj ksjka u. fy<s lrk nqÿrcdKka jykafiag h' tfia
;:d.;hka jykafiaf.a nqoaO;ajh ms<sn| j kqj‚ka ±k we;s lr .;a meye§u
we;af;a ieoeyej;dghs' Tjqyq n;a m;g jvd .=K kqjKg .re lr;s'
—ie±yej;alu˜ hkq iir ÿlska tf;r ùug nqÿrcdKka jykafia jÞ<
u.g msúiSfï fÞrgqj h' rd." oafõY" fuday wdÈ ish¨ flf,ia uq,skqmqgd
ouk ksjka u.g msúfik Y%djlhd m<uq j ie±yej;a úh hq;= h' ÿlska
ñ§ug wÞ< u. wkqmQ¾j YslaIdjls' wkqmQ¾j l%shdj,shls' wkqmQ¾j m%;smÞjls'
wkqms<sfj<ska hd hq;= .ukls' tys m<uq mshjr Y%oaOdjhs' ie±yej;a ;eke;a;d
oyï .=rejreka fj; t<efUhs' t<U" weiqre lrhs' weiqre lrkafka" lka fhduq
lrhs' lka fhduq lrkafka" oyï wihs' oyï wid is; ;nd .kshs' is; ;nd
f.k wre;a úuihs' wre;a úuid jgyd .kshs' jgyd f.k O¾ufhys leue;s
fjhs' tys yeisfrhs' Ndjkdjg fhduq fjhs' fl<jr mru i;Hh úksúo olshs'
m%;HlaI lrhs' ksjka wjfndaO lrhs'
fufia Y%oaOdj uq,a fldg f.k ksjka u.g msúi tys .uka lrk Y%djlhd iS,fhka
iudêhg o" iS,fhka yd iudêfhka m%×jg o <Õd ù rd." oafõY" fuday wdÈ
flf,ia .sks ksjd ish¨ ÿla ksu lrkafka h' tneúka" Y%oaOdj jemsßh hq;= îchla
f,i W.kajd ;sfí'

tA Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia ^fid N.jd& fï lreKq wkqj ^b;s ms& wryx .=Kfhka
hqla;hy" iïud iïnqoaOhy" úÊcd prK iïmkakhy" iq.;hy" f,dal ú¥hy wdÈ
jYfhka Wka jykafiaf.a .=K uysuh kqj‚ka ±k" ±l we;s lr .;a meye§u
Y%oaOdj h' tfia u tA Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia úiska foaYkd lrk ,oaod jQ O¾uh
ikaÈÜÀl h" tAys miaisl h" ´mkhsl h hkd§ jYfhka O¾ufhys .=K uysuh ±k
±l kqj‚ka we;s lr .;a meye§u Y%oaOdj h' tA nqÿrcdKka jykafiaf.a Y%djl jQ
wd¾h uyd ix> r;akh iqmámkak h" Wcqmámkak h wdÈ jYfhka ±k ±l f;areï
f.k we;s lr .;a meye§u Y%oaOdj h' ieflúka lshf;d;a ;%súO r;akh ms<sn| we;s
lr .;a ksiel nj Y%oaOdjhs' tu Y%oaOdj we;s ;eke;a;d wkqms<sfj<ska bÈßhg hd
hq;= ksjka u.g msúfihs' fï wkqj Y%oaOdj hkq wjfndaOfhka f;dr meye§u fyda
wkaO Nla;sh fyda fkdfõ' mokula ke;s weoySu fyda wúpdrj;a úYajdih fyda
fkdfõ' kqj‚ka úuid lreKq f;areï f.k ;%súO r;akfhys .=K uysuh ms<sn| j
wm is;a i;ka ;=< we;s lr .kakd meye§uhs'
tfia ;%súO r;akh ms<sn| lreKq ±k we;s lr .kakd meye§u" wfjÉpmamidohhs'

lreKq fkd±k o flfkl=g nqÿrcdKka jykafia ms<sn| j meye§u we;s úh
yels h' ksoiqkla f,i we;eful= nqÿrcdKka jykafia flfrys m%idoh we;s fldg
f.k Wka jykafia wkq.ukh lsÍug fm<UqfKa Wka jykafiaf.a rEm iïm;a;sh
fyj;a ndysr fm!reIh flfrys we;s jQ m%idoh fya;=fjks' nqÿrcdKka jykafia
oji úiQ jlal,S ysñhkaf.a mqj; óg ksoiqkls'
wfjÉpmamidoh flfkl= ;=< we;s jkqfha nqÿrcdKka jykafia foaYkd lrk O¾u
ud¾.h ;udf.a j¾;udk wd.ñl úYajdi yd iei£fuka nqÿrcdKka jykafiaf.a
b.ekaùu flfrys we;s jk ikaikaokd;aul ×kfhks' fuh we;s úh yelafla
wm by;ska ÿgq mßÈ nqÿrcdKka jykafia ms<sn| j wid b;d ir, Y%oaOdjlska
Wka jykafia fj; t<fUk mqoa.,hl= ;=< h' Wm;ska fn!oaOhka jk wm fndfyda
fofkl= ;=< o tla;rd wjia:djl § m%idoh fï whqßka we;s úh yels h' tfy;a wm
fndfyda fofkl= oyu Wm;ska u ms<sf.k we;s neúka tfia we;s ùfï fyda fkdùfï
.eg¨jla mek fkdk.S'
O¾uh flfrys we;s jk m%idofhys B<Õ wjia:dj jkqfha i;Hh wjfndaO lsÍu;a
m%×fjka ;%s,laIKh úksúo ±lSu;a h' fuu fomshjr ks¾jdK.dó m%;smÞfõ
wjidkh fõ' bka meyeÈ,s jkafka b;d ir, Y%oaOdjlska wdrïN lrkakd jQ mqoa.,hd
mQ¾K i;HdjfndaOfhka we;s jk m%×fjka ;u wd.ñl m%;smÞj iïmQ¾K lrk
njhs' tu wjia:dj jk úg Y%oaOdj fjkqjg m%×j we;s ù ;sfí' Tyqg ;j ÿrg;a
f;rejk ms<sn| j úYajdi lsÍug wjYH ke;af;a f;rejk ms<sn| ×kh we;s ù
;sfnk neúks' wdrïNfha § lreKq ±k nqÿrcdKka jykafia i;HdjfndaOh fldg
we;s nj;a" O¾uh ksjkg muqKqjk ksje/È ud¾.h nj;a" ix>hd tu u.g ms<smka
Ôjudk wdo¾Yh nj;a úYAjdi lrñka O¾uh ms<sme§u wdrïN l< mqoa.,hd fï jk
úg f;rejk ms<sn| by; lS lreKq ;=k ;u wjfndaOfhka u okS' Y%oaOdfjys ;ek
m%×j úiska .kq ,en we;'

lreKq fkd±k mokulska f;dr j we;s jk Y%oaOdj wuQ,sl Y%oaOd ^fyj;a uq,a ke;s
Y%oaOdj& f,i o lreKq ±kSfuka we;s jk Y%oaOdj wdldrj;S ioaOd ^nqoaêuh Y%oaOdj&
f,i o O¾ufhys ±lafõ' by;ska ±lajQ wfjÉpmamidoh we;s jkqfha wdldrj;S
Y%oaOdj ;=<sks' wdldrj;S Y%oaOdj we;s jkqfha lreKq úuiSfuka neúka f;rejk
ms<sn| j lreKq úuiSug" mÍlaId lsÍug" m%Yak lsÍug" nqÿrcdKka jykafia wkqn,
§ we;' nqÿrcdKka jykafiaf.a is; ±k .ekSug Yla;sh ke;s ^mrÑ;a; úcdkk
×kh ke;s& ´kE u flfkl=g ;uka jykafia ms<sn| j mÍlaId fldg n,k
f,i nqÿrcdKka jykafia wjir ÿkay' udi .Kkla nqÿrcdKka jykafia iu.
tlg isáñka Wka jykafiaf.a meje;au mÍlaId l< n%yaudhq kï ;reK nuqfKl=
.ek O¾ufhys i|yka fõ' nqÿ oyug wkqj úYAjdih we;s lr .; hq;af;a fya;=
iys; j h' lreKq ±k f.k h' we;a wä Wmudj ^pQ, y;aÓ mfodamu iQ;%h& jÞ<
nqÿrcdKka jykafia jvd;a ióm fya;= idOl muKla i,ld n,d nqoaOdÈ r;ak;%h
ms<sn| ks.ukj,g fkdt<ôh hq;= hehs b.ekajQy' tys,d ¥r olakd kqjK wjYH h'
wd¾h jQ YS,ialkaOfhka o" bkaøsh ixjrfhka o" isyskqj‚ka o hqla; j fikiqkl
Ndjkd lrk Y%djlhd kSjrK ÿre fldg OHdk Wmojhs' tfy;a p;=¾úO OHdk
w;=ßka tllska fyda Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia iïud iïnqoaO h" O¾uh iajdlaLd; h"
ix>hd iqmámkak hehs ks.ukhlg fkdmeñfKhs' tfia OHdk ,nd ;jÿrg;a
Ndjkd fldg mqífí ksjdidkqiai;s yd ÈínplaLq ×kh o ,nhs' tu f,!lsl
wNs× ;=<ska o Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia iïud iïnqoaO h" O¾uh iajdlaLd; h" ix>hd
iqmámkak hehs ks.ukh fkdlrhs' wjidkfha § tu Y%djl f;fï ish¨ flf,ia
ke;s fldg f,daflda;a;r jQ wdijlaLh ×kh ,nd .kS' fyf;u p;=rd¾h i;Hh
wjfndaO lrhs' túg Nd.Hj;=ka jykafia iïud iïnqoaO h" O¾uh iajdlaLd; h"
ix>hd iqmámkak hehs ksYaph lrhs' lreKq ±k fyda lreKq fkd±k fyda we;s
jk Y%oaOdfjka f;dr j wmg f;rejk ms<sn| j m%idoh we;s fkdfõ' Y%oaOdj iy
m%idoh ke;s úg f;rejk j¢kafka j;a l=i,l¾u lrkafka j;a O¾u ud¾.h wkq.
ukh lrkafka j;a ke;' tfyhska fn!oaOhl= f,i wmg ;sìh hq;= uQ,sl .=Kdx.h
—Y%oaOdj˜ fõ' th we;s úg wm wd.ñl Okfhka fmdfydi;a h'
Y%oaOdj Wiia Okhls' ksjka uf.ys hdug wmg wjYH u. úhoï imhkafka Y%oaOdjhs'
th ke;s kï wm oyï u. wkq.ukh fkdlrk neúks' ixidrh kue;s id.rh
wm ;rKh lrkafka o Y%oaOdj fya;=fjks' tfia jkafka Y%oaOdj ke;s kï wm oyu
fkdms<smÈk w;r" oyï fkdms<smÈk úg wm iir ;=< u /f|k neúks' wd.ñl
Ôú;h kue;s w;=m;r we;s jDlaIfhys uQ, îch jkafka o Y%oaOdjhs' îchlska
f;dr j .ila yg fkd.kakdla fuka Y%oaOdj kue;s îcfhka f;dr j wd.ñl
Ôú;h kue;s jDlaIh fkdyefoa¦ fkdjefâ' wfma wruqK ksjk h' ksjk hkq
ksùuhs" rd. fodai fuday hk flf,ia .sks ksjd .ekSuhs' th iïmQ¾Kfhka ksù
hkafka ksjka ±lSfuks' wfma wd.ñl Ôú;h .; l< hq;af;a álska ál fyda rd.
fodai fuday ;=kS jk wdldrhg h' rd.h kï wruqKqj, wef,k .;shhs' fodaih kï
wruqKq j, .efgk .;shhs' fudayh kï uq,d jk .;shhs' tajd md,kh lr .ekSug
Y%oaOdj fnfyúka u Wmldr fõ' ie±ye;s j rd.dÈh wvq lrñka wd¾h ud¾.fha

.uka lsÍu fof,dj iekiSug;a ksjka iem ,eîug;a fya;= jk neúka wms o tfia
ls%hd lsÍug wêIaGdk lr .ksuq'
idrdxYh

Y%oaOdj fn!oaO m%;smÞfõ fÞrgqjhs' bka woyia jkafka ;%súO r;akh ms<sn| ukd
wjfndaOfhka hqla; j we;s lr .;a meye§uhs' tu meye§u Tiafia ksjka u. .uka
fldg wjidkfha § ish¨ flf,ia ke;s lsÍfuka iir ÿl ksu fldg ksjka mila
l< yels h' nqÿrcdKka jykafia jÞ< fulS Y%oaOdj yqÿ meye§u" úYAjdih fyda
weoySu fkdfõ' f;rejk .=K ±k kqj‚ka we;s lr .;a m%idohhs' th wdldrj;S
Y%oaOdj f,i ye¢kafõ' Y%oaOdj fmrgq lrf.k rd. fodai fuday md,kh lrñka
lghq;= lrk ;eke;a;d ksjk wruqKq fldg wd¾h ud¾.fha .uka lrkafkls'
l%shdldrlu
01' wuQ,sl Y%oaOdj yd wdldrj;S Y%oaOdj fjk fjk u y÷kajkak'

02' Y%oaOdj ÈhqKq lr .ekSug WmldÍ jk l%shdldrlï folla meyeÈ,s
lrkak'
03' rd. fodai fuday ms<sn| O¾udkql+, flá ye¢kaùula ,shkak'
mejreu
úÿy,am;s;=udf.a wjirh we;s j mka;s Ndr .=re;=udf.a u. fmkaùfuka iqúfYaI

jkaokd pdßldjl ie,iqula ilia lr l%shd;aul lrkak'

Grade 10 Buddhism Textbook Sinhala Medium - New Syllabus

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Grade 10 Buddhism Textbook Sinhala Medium - New Syllabus

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Grade 10 Buddhism Textbook Sinhala Medium - New Syllabus

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

nqoaO O¾uh

wOHdmk m%ldYk fomd¾;fïka;=j

ish¨ u fm<fmd;a bf,laf g%dksla udOHfhka ,nd .ekSug

ish¨ ysñlï weúß‚'

Y%S ,xld ud;d

Tjd isma §fuk

rpl( mQcH .ka;=fka wiaiÔ ysñ

;s<sKh f,iska rcfhka fï fmd; ,Èñ

Aµ]ß öÁS©v¯õ´ ¡¼uøÚ¨ ö£Ø÷Óß

From the government, I received this as a gift

.re wOHdmk wud;H;=udf.a m‚jqvh

wls, úrdÊ ldßhjiï

kj m%d:ñl úIh ud,djg wkqj fï jk úg 1" 2" 3 iy 4 fY%aKs i`oyd

fuu fm<fmd; Tn w;g m;a lsÍu i`oyd lemùfuka lghq;= l<

ví,sõ' tï' chka; úl%ukdhl"

ví,sõ' ta' ks¾u,d mshiS,s

ã' tï' chka; mqIaml=udr

1' uydpd¾h" mQcH foajdf,a.u fïOdkkao iajdóka jykafia

3' wdpd¾h" mQcH udUq,af.dv iqukr;k iajdóka jykafia

isxy, NdId ixialrKh (

Ñ;% rEm igyka" msg ljrh ieliSu (

mß.Kl .; lsÍu" msgq ieliSu (

wOHdmk wud;HdxYfha fn!oaO WmfoaYl uKav,fha wkque;sh mßÈ"

fkdñf,a fnodyeÍu i`oydh 1

b÷rka mskjñka w;Dma;slr j lïiem fidhd hk wh wo fuka u tl, o iq,N jQy'

2 fkdñf,a fnodyeÍu i`oydh

uy,a,l=" f,vl= yd u<l|la ±l Ôú;fha iajNdjh f;areï .ekSu yd WmYdka;

fkdñf,a fnodyeÍu i`oydh 3

m%didoj,ska ìug fkdnei k¿ ks<shka msßjrdf.k lñka fndñka úfkdaoldó j

4 fkdñf,a fnodyeÍu i`oydh

Nø fh!jkfha miqjkakl=g mialï iemh w;a yeÍu myiq lghq;a;la fkdfõ'

fkdñf,a fnodyeÍu i`oydh 5

02 isÿy;a fndai;a pß;h weiqfrka my; i|yka j.=j iïmQ¾K lrkak'

wdrN: kslaLu: - hq[ac: nqoaO idifka

6 fkdñf,a fnodyeÍu i`oydh

wr,sh;ekak .ïudkh f.dú;ekska hefmk" wysxil .eñhka Ôj;a jQ ÿIalr

úydrdêm;s yssñkul" úÿy,am;s ysñkul iy .eñ m%cd kdhlfhl= o f,i

fkdñf,a fnodyeÍu i`oydh 7

8 fkdñf,a fnodyeÍu i`oydh

wr,sh;ekak .ïudkfha jeisfhda úúO wruqKq fmr±ß lrf.k msxlï ixúOdkh

.ï jeishka iduldó ±yeñ Èú meje;aulg fhduq lsÍug kdhl;ajh f.k l%shd

fkdñf,a fnodyeÍu i`oydh 9

.ï jeishkag úm;la isÿ jQ iEu wjia:djl § u wmf.a kdhl udysñhka md .ukska u

úÿy,am;sjrfhl= jQ kdysñfhda orejkaf.a wOHdmk lghq;= flfrys uy;a Wkkaÿjla

10 fkdñf,a fnodyeÍu i`oydh

kdhl udysñhka fmkajQ u. jäk Wka jykafiaf.a YsIH h;sjrhka jykafia,df.ka o

fkdñf,a fnodyeÍu i`oydh 11

01' NslaIQka jykafia,df.a meje;aug .syshd odhl úh hq;= wdldrh fmkajd

12 fkdñf,a fnodyeÍu i`oydh

iajdóka jykafia (-¡

iqNd ( nqÿrcdKka jykafia f,dj Wmka fYa%IaG;u

iajdóka jykafia ( nqoaO r;akfha .=K isys lrk —b;smsfida˜ mdGfha

fkdñf,a fnodyeÍu i`oydh 13

iajdóka jykafia ( ta nqÿ .=K fudkjd o@

;dreld ( wryx" iïud iïnqoafOda" úÊcdprK iïmkafkda"

iajdóka jykafia ( nqÿ.=K lshfjk ta moj, f;areu fï orefjda

isiqka ( tfyuhs" iajdóka jykai'

iajdóka jykafia ( nqÿ.=K Tfí Ôú;hg wdo¾Yhla lr .kak mq¿jka o@

nqoaêl ( mq¿jka' uu leue;s zwryxZ .=Khg'