MARKING SCHEME

POLITICAL SCIENCE (028)

CLASS XII

SECTION –A

1. Safety nets are made to protect nations and are for minimising the negative 1
effects of globalisation on those who are economically weak.

OR

1. UK, France.

2. Fall of the Berlin Wall 1

3. The first world was Capitalist countries and the Third world was Developing 1
countries.

4. Sukarno Tito Jawaharlal Nehru, Nasser and Nkrumah(any two) 1

5. (i)Meghalaya 1

6. The main purpose of Operation Enduring freedom-2001 was to punish all 1

those behind 9/11 attack, mainly Al Qaeda and Taliban regime.

7. Hide Strategy 1

8. ASEAN way 1

9. Bhutan 1

10. Myanmar 1

11. Agenda 21 1

12 Tryst with Destiny 1

13. NITI Ayog 1

14. Aya Ram Gaya Ram---Gaya Lal 1

1 | Page
 Total Revolution-------Jai Prakash Narayan

15. a.- Got a combined tally of seats that was less than 40. 1

16. b- USSR, Kosygin. 1

17. Ravi, Beas river dispute was resolved between Punjab, Haryana and 1
Rajasthan.

18. World bank 1

19. Democracy 1

20. On June 25th 1975, PM INDIRA GANDHI recommended the imposition of 1

emergency to President FAKHRUDDIN ALI AHMED.

SECTION –B

21. The UN’s main objectives purposes: 2

i. Maintaining worldwide peace and security.

ii. Developing relations among nations.

or

Fostering cooperation between nations in order to solve economic, social,

cultural, or humanitarian international problems.

Or any two relevant points

22. Arena is an area where the cold war occurred. 2

i) North Korea (supported by USSR) Vs South Korea (supported by USA)

ii) Northern Vietnam (supported by USSR) Vs Southern Vietnam(supported by

USA)

23. Non-Congress-ism is a term that is used to describe the anti-congress waves 2

started by non-congress parties with rightist and leftist leanings

Parties felt Congress rule to be the root cause of various problems faced by
our country such as food problems, economic crisis, corruption and
dependence on foreign countries.

This not only resulted in the defeat of many Congress stalwarts but also led to
many internal revolts in the party. The coinage of this term can be rightfully

2 | Page
 traced back to the elections of 1967. A proposal by Ram ManoharLohia in the
early 60s that there was a viable alternative to the Congress Party and that all
it needed was for the opposition to unite

SECTION –C

24. USA went to war in Iraq, for looking: -from WMD, terrorism to democracy in 4
the Middle East.

President Bush and his administration said that the U.S. was going to war
with Iraq because of the imminent threat of Saddam's weapons of mass
destruction and ties to terrorism also. And a threat to USA friends in the region.
To protects the region USA went to war.

25. i)Jawaharlal Nehru was the chief architect of the foreign policy of India as he 4
held both the Prime Minister Office and the Foreign Ministry from 1947 ---1964.
ii)The three major objectives of Nehru’s foreign policy were to preserve the
sovereignty of India, protect India’s territorial integrity and promote India’s
rapid economic development. He formed the foundation of the policy of non-
alignment. Afro-Asian unity and the establishment of diplomatic relations with
other countries after India’s independence.

26. Challenges faced by the Election commission of India before first General 4
elections: -

1. Delimitation of Electoral constituencies- free and fair elections

2. Absence of electoral rolls. Preparing the election rolls was a huge task
as many citizens were eligible to vote.

3. Illiterate population- did not know details like wife of and daughter
of…15% voters illiterate out of 17 crore eligible voters because of
which special method of voting was needed.

4. Mistake in electoral rolls-Large population and voters to hold free and

fair elections. Large number of staff and infrastructure for the first time

ANY OTHER RELEVANT POINT.

OR

Two models of development before i) India Liberal Capitalist model in

US and Europe and(ii) socialist model in USSR.

India had two wings one very impressed with the USSR socialist model
- Nehru and the communist party of India as they saw poverty
alleviation and social economic redistribution the prime concern and
primary responsibility of the Government. India adopted the Mixed
model a planned economy with State intervention in the Public sector

3 | Page
 which had the large industries

ANY OTHER RELEVANT POINT.

27. 1.Higher government floor prices for food and staple crop- due to effort 4

2. Abolition of restrictions on interstate movement of farm produce.

3.give electricity on subsidised rates

4.waive repayment of loans in a phased manner

5.provide health and pension benefits

6.Protect the Indian produce in the international market. Not have agriculture in
purview of WTO

7. Danger of market crisis for cash crops.

(any two)

SECTION –D

28. a.) lion represents Sinhala community of Srilanka, it believes that Srilanka 5
belongs to Sinhalas and no concessions to the Tamils should be given.

B) Tiger represents the LTTE- Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam. The neglectof
Tamilsconcerns by Sinhala led to its formation. It demands for a separate
country for the Tamils of Sri lanka

c) Cartoon depicts the dilemma of the Sri lankan leadership in trying to balance
the Sinhala hard liners lion or the Tamil militant or he tiger while negotiating
peace. The government thinks if it goes according to Sinhala community,
actions would be taken by LTTEin Sri Lanka and if LTTE is given preference,
Sinhala community would become upset and country would be divided.

d) External powers that helped to resolve issues were the Scandinavian

countries such as Norway and Iceland.

To be attempted only by visually impaired students:

Inspite of the ongoing conflict, Sri Lanka has registered considerable growth
and recorded high levels of development. Sri Lanka has presented a
remarkable example in front of other developing countries by becoming one of
the leading country among other countries as it is the first developing country
to successfully control the rate of growth of population. It is the leading country
among other countries as it is the first country to liberalise the economy. It has
become successful in bringing considerable economic growth. It has the
highest per capita gross domestic product (GDP). Despite the ravages of
internal conflict, it has maintained a democratic political system.

4 | Page
29. a) The developed countries of the first world generally referred to as ‘Global 5
North’ were concerned with the ozone depletion and global warming, whereas
the developing countries of the third world called the ‘Global South” were
anxious to address the relationship between economic development and
environmental management.

b) i) There were major differences between the countries of the North and the
South over environmental issues. The developed countries of the North
wanted everyone to be made equally responsible for ecological conservation.
The Global South on the other hand felt that much of the environmental
degradation caused today is the result of economic activities pursued by the
Global North. Hence, they believed that the Global North owes a greater
responsibility of undoing the damage now.

ii) Moreover, the developing countries are undergoing a process of

industrialisation and they should not be subjected to the same restrictions
which apply to the developed countries.

iii)These two concerns were effectively addressed by the Principle of

“Common but differentiated responsibilities. It accepted that the special needs
of the developing countries be taken into consideration and in view of different
contributions of global environmental degradation; states have common but
differentiated responsibilities.

30. a) The author is talking about contradiction regarding adoption of development 5

models either socialist or capitalist. Political implications of this contradiction
may result in the differences among party members itself and government can
issue licensing and permits in more complicated manner

b) Congress was pursuing this policy as a sole criterion of achieving maximum

increased in production. Yes, it was related to the nature of opposition parties
to be pursued liberal economic policies and incentives to private investment.

c) No, there was not a contradiction between the central leadership of the
Congress Party and its state level leaders because state emphasised on
states’ ownership, regulation. Control over key sectors improved productivity
whereas control leadership pursued liberal economic policies and incentives to
private investment.

5 | Page
 Corresponding numbers Answer Corresponding
Alphabet

i) Andhra Pradesh B

ii) Tamil Nadu C

31.
iii) Rajasthan A

iv) Gujarat D

v) Uttar Pradesh E

To be attempted only by visually impaired student:

i) Uttarakhand
ii) Gujarat
iii) Punjab
iv) Goa
v) Mizoram

SECTION –E

32. Believed that reform and restructure of UNO can help it cope better with a 6
Unipolar world where USA is the most powerful

The US stands alone after USSR’s disintegration and US power cannot be

checked.

US is the single largest contributor to the UN- financial power.

US soil , US bureaucracy and military might

UNO is in New York- USA uses power to split the vote. and reduce opposition
to its policies

UN does bring nations together. Support the UN to help states and nation and
people of the world since it works to promote objectives for a peaceful world.

Relevant as it is a forum for dialogue, discussions and helping newly

independent countries with development and organs help solve crisis and
helps world with issues.

OR

Examine the role of traditional notion of security in the contemporary world.

External and internal

- Concerned with military threats

- choices before government-surrender prevent r defend - use

deterrence defence alliance building and balance of power

6 | Page
 - Build up military power

- threats from outside the border

- In the country the threats are controlled and regulated by the

government.

- this was secured to the powerful countries of the world

- Each responsible for their own security

- Newly independent nations worried about internal separatist threats

- Some countries in Africa and Asia that are newly independent worried
about the military conflict with neighbours.

- Attacks from the Cold war super powers from each other and colonies
worried of cold war turning into hot war.

33. The two power blocs by emphasising their role during the Cuban missile crisis. 6

The Eastern bloc and the Western bloc-WARSAW and the NATO were
competitive blocs Two power blocs came into existence after the Second
World War. The United States of America and Soviet Russia became two
Superpowers. During the Cuban Missile Crisis, leaders of the U.S. and the
Soviet Union engaged in a tense, 13-day political and military standoff in
October 1962 over the installation of nuclear-armed Soviet missiles on Cuba
Face off Cuba and then arena of cold war where there was negotiated
settlement between Kennedy and Khrushchev Turkeydismantling negotiated.
USA obliged.

OR

Compare/ Contrast

China

a. The Chinese did not go for shock therapy but opened their economy step by
step. b. The privatization of agriculture began in 1982 and was followed by the
privatization of industry in 1998. c. Trade barriers were eliminated only in
special economic zones (SEZs) where foreign investors could set up
enterprises. d. In China, the state played and continues to play a central role in
setting up a market economy

USSR;

a. Shock therapy Gorbachev ahead of his times with Perestroika and

Demokratizatsiya and Glasnost

b. Sudden shift to Liberal Capitalism collapse of Economy. Rise of Mafia -

Garage sale of Industries.

7 | Page
34. Reasons for split (any three) 6

1.She gave left orientation

2, overlooked syndicate bosses

3.Presidential elections V.V Giri vs Neelam S,Reddy

4.abolished privy purses

5.Banks nationalised -some old guards were against it

6.Sidelined some congress members

7. Negated and overlooked policies- whip vs. conscience- not willing to follow
conservative lines of policy.

OR

Emergency showed weakness and strength of the Indian democracy

1. Political crisis and a change in the party system

2. elections of 77 took all by surprise

3. Opposition and coalition politics came into the foray.

4. Opposition fought on “save democracy”- felt the pulse of the nation.

though it did not affect the southern states

5. Janata party referendum was Emergency and excesses during the

emergency.

6. Also showed once in power how unstable parties are Morarji Desai and
Ch.Charan Singh. Stiff competition within the party and could not bring
about the expected fundamental changes.

8 | Page