MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

Subject Code: KME 601 Refrigeration & Air Conditioning LTP:310 Credits: 4

Blooms
The students will be able to
Taxonomy
Understand the basics concepts of Refrigeration & Air‐Conditioning and its future
CO1 K2
prospects.
Explain the construction and working of various components in Refrigeration &
CO2 K2
Air‐Conditioning systems.
CO3 Understand the different types of RAC systems with their respective applications. K2
Apply the basic laws to the thermodynamic analysis of different processes
CO4 K3
involved in Refrigeration and Air‐Conditioning.
Apply the basic concepts to calculate the COP and other performance
CO5 K3
parameters for different RAC systems
CO6 Analyze the effects of performance parameters on COP. K4

Unit‐1 8 Hours
Refrigeration:
Introduction to refrigeration system, Methods of refrigeration, Unit of refrigeration, Refrigeration effect,
Carnot refrigeration cycle, Refrigerator and Heat Pump, C.O.P.

Air Refrigeration cycle:

Open and closed air refrigeration cycles, Reversed air Carnot cycle, Bell Coleman or Reversed Joule air
refrigeration cycle, Need of Aircraft refrigeration, Classification of aircraft refrigeration system. Boot
strap refrigeration, Regenerative, Reduced ambient, Dry air rated temperature (DART).

Unit‐2 8 Hours
Vapour Compression System:
Reversed vapour Carnot cycle, limitation of Reversed vapour Carnot cycle, Simple vapour compression
cycle, Analysis of vapour compression cycle, Use of T‐S and P‐H charts, Effect of change in suction and
discharge pressures on C.O.P, Effect of sub cooling of condensate & superheating of refrigerant vapour
on C.O.P of the cycle, Actual vapour compression refrigeration cycle,

Multistage System:
Multistage vapour compression system requirement, Different configuration of multi pressure system,
Removal of flash gas, Intercooling, Multi evaporator system, Cascade system.

Unit‐3 8 Hours
Vapour Absorption system;
Working Principal of vapour absorption refrigeration system, Comparison between absorption &
compression systems, Elementary idea of refrigerant absorbent mixtures, Temperature – concentration
diagram & Enthalpy – concentration diagram , Adiabatic mixing of two streams, Ammonia – Water
vapour absorption system, Lithium‐ Bromide water vapour absorption system, Comparison, Three fluid
system.

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Refrigerants:
Classification of refrigerants, Nomenclature, Desirable properties of refrigerants, Common refrigerants,
Secondary refrigerants, and Environment friendly refrigerants, Anti‐freeze solution, Phase changing
materials, Ozone layer depletion and global warming considerations of refrigerants, Selection of
refrigerants, Future Refrigerants like Hydrofluoro‐Olefines

Unit‐4 8 Hours
Air Conditioning:
Introduction to air conditioning, Psychrometric properties and their definitions, Psychrometric chart,
Different Psychrometric processes, Air Washers, Cooling towers & humidifying efficiency, Thermal
analysis of human body, Effective temperature and comfort chart, Cooling and heating load calculations,
Selection of inside & outside design conditions, Heat transfer through walls & roofs, Infiltration &
ventilation, Internal heat gain, Sensible heat factor ( SHF ), By pass factor, Grand Sensible heat factor
(GSHF), Apparatus dew point (ADP).

Window air Conditioner, Simple air conditioning system, Air conditioning system with ventilation.

Unit‐5 8 Hours
Refrigeration System Equipment:
Compressors, Condensers, Expansion Devices and Evaporators, Elementary knowledge of transmission
and distribution of air through ducts and fans,

Application:
Food preservation, Transport refrigeration, Cold storage, Refrigerates Freezers, Ice plant, Water coolers,
Comfort and Industrial air conditioning Refrigeration.

Other systems:
Cryogenic liquefaction and refrigeration systems, Brief introduction of Thermo‐electric refrigeration
system, Steam jet refrigeration system, Vortex tube refrigeration system, Magnetic refrigeration system.

Reference Books:
1. Refrigeration and Air conditioning by C.P Arora, McGraw‐Hill
2. Refrigeration and Air conditioning, by Manohar Prasad, New Age International (P) Ltd. Pub.
3. Refrigeration and Air conditioning by R.C. Arora, PHI
4. Principles of Refrigeration by Roy J. Dossat. Pearson Education
5. Refrigeration and Air conditioning by Stoecker& Jones. McGraw‐Hill
6. Refrigeration and Air conditioning by Arora&Domkundwar. DhanpatRai
7. Thermal Environment Engineering. By Kuhen, Ramsey &Thelked

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 MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

Subject Code: KME 602 Machine Design LTP:310 Credits: 4

Blooms
Course Outcomes: The student will be able to
Taxonomy
CO 1 Recall the basic concepts of Solid Mechanics to understand the subject. K2
CO 2 Classify various machine elements based on their functions and applications. K2
Apply the principles of solid mechanics to machine elements subjected to static
CO 3 K3
and fluctuating loads.
Analyze forces, bending moments, twisting moments and failure causes in various
CO 4 K4
machine elements to be designed.
CO 5 Design the machine elements to meet the required specification. K5

Unit I 8 Hours
Introduction
Definition, Design requirements of machine elements, Design procedure, Standards in design, Standards
designation of carbon & alloy steels, Selection of preferred sizes, Selection of materials for static and
fatigue loads, Design against Static Load

Design against Fluctuating Loads

Cyclic stresses, Fatigue and endurance limit, Stress concentration factor, Stress concentration factor for
various machine parts, Design for finite & infinite life, Soderberg, Goodman, Gerber criteria

Unit II 8 Hours
Riveted Joints
Riveting methods, materials, Types of rivet heads, Types of riveted joints, Caulking and Fullering, Failure
of riveted joint, Efficiency of riveted joint, Design of boiler joints, Eccentric loaded riveted joint

Welded Joints
Stress relieving of welded joints, Butt Joints, Fillet Joints, Strength of Butt Welds, Strength of parallel
fillet welds, Strength of transverse fillet welds

Shafts
Cause of failure in shafts, Materials for shaft, Stresses in shafts, Design of shafts subjected to twisting
moment, bending moment and combined twisting and bending moments, Shafts subjected to fatigue
loads, Design for rigidity, Keys, Types of keys, Selection of square and flat keys, Strength of sunk key

Unit III 8 Hours

Spur Gears
Tooth forms, System of gear teeth, contact ratio, Standard proportions of gear systems, Interference in
involute gears, Backlash, Selection of gear materials, Gear manufacturing methods, Design
considerations, Beam strength of gear tooth, Dynamic tooth load, Wear strength of gear tooth, Failure
of gear tooth, Design of spur gears, AGMA and Indian standards.

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 MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

Helical Gears
Terminology, Proportions for helical gears, Force components on a tooth of helical gear, Virtual number
of teeth, Beam strength and wear strength of helical gears, Dynamic load on helical gears, Design of
helical gears.

Introduction, Classification and Applications of Bevel & Worm Gears

Unit IV 8 Hours
Sliding Contact Bearing
Types, Selection of bearing, Plain journal bearing, Hydrodynamic lubrication, Properties and materials,
Lubricants and lubrication, Hydrodynamic journal bearing, Heat generation, Design of journal bearing.

Rolling Contact Bearing

Advantages and disadvantages, Types of ball bearing, Thrust ball bearing, Types of roller bearing,
Selection of radial ball bearing, Bearing life, Selection of roller bearings, Dynamic equivalent load for
roller contact bearing under constant and variable loading, Reliability of Bearing.

Unit V 8 Hours
IC Engine Parts
Selection of type of IC engine, General design considerations, Design of Cylinder and cylinder head;
Design of piston, piston ring and gudgeon pin;

Friction Clutches
Clutches, Difference between coupling and clutch, Single plate friction clutch, Torque transmitting
capacity, Multi‐Disk Clutches, Friction Material

Note: Design data book is allowed in the examination

Text Books:
1. Design of Machine Elements‐V.B. Bhandari, McGraw Hill Co.
2. Design of Machine Elements, Sharma and Purohit, PHI.
Reference Books:
1. Mechanical Engineering Design, 9e – Joseph E. Shigely, McGraw Hill Education.
2. Machine Design‐Maleev and Hartman, CBS Publishers.
3. Design of Machine Design‐M.F. Spott, Pearson Education.
4. Elements of Machine Component Design, Juvinal&Marshek, John Wiley & Sons.
5. Machine design, Robert L. Norton, Pearson Education
6. Theory & Problem of Machine Design (Schaum’s Outline Series) Hall, Holowenko, Laughlin, Tata
McGraw Hill Co.
7. Machine Design‐Sharma and Agrawal, S.K. Kataria& Sons.
8. Machine Design, U C Jindal, Pearson Education.

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 MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

Subject Code: KME 603 Theory of Machines LTP:310 Credits: 4

Blooms
Course Outcomes: The students will be able to
Taxonomy
CO1 Understand the principles of kinematics and dynamics of machines. K2
CO2 Calculate the velocity and acceleration for 4‐bar and slider crank mechanism K3
CO3 Develop cam profile for followers executing various types of motions K3
CO4 Apply the concept of gear, gear train and flywheel for power transmission K3
Apply dynamic force analysis for slider crank mechanism and balance rotating &
CO5 K3
reciprocating masses in machines.
Apply the concepts of gyroscope, governors in fluctuation of load and brake &
CO6 K3
dynamometer in power transmission

Unit I (09 Hours)

Introduction, mechanisms and machines, kinematics and kinetics, types of links, kinematic pairs and
their classification, types of constraint, degrees of freedom of planar mechanism, Grubler’s equation,
mechanisms, inversion of four bar chain, slider crank chain and double slider crank chain.

Velocity analysis: Introduction, velocity of point in mechanism, relative velocity method, velocities in
four bar mechanism, instantaneous center.

Acceleration analysis: Introduction, acceleration of a point on a link, acceleration diagram, Corioli’s

component of acceleration, crank and slotted lever mechanism,.

Unit II (10 Hours)

Cams: Introduction, classification of cams and followers, cam profiles for knife edge, roller and flat faced
followers for uniform velocity, uniform acceleration

Gears and gear trains: Introduction, classification of gears, law of gearing, tooth forms and their
comparisons, systems of gear teeth, length of path of contact, contact ratio, minimum number of teeth
on gear and pinion to avoid interference, simple, compound, reverted and planetary gear trains, sun and
planet gear train.

Unit III (08 Hours)

Force analysis: Static force analysis of mechanisms, D’Alembert’s Principle, dynamics of rigid link in
plane motion, dynamic force analysis of planar mechanisms, piston force and crank effort. Turning
moment on crankshaft due to force on piston, Turning moment diagrams for single cylinder double
acting steam engine, four stroke IC engine and multi‐cylinder engines, Fluctuation of speed, Flywheel.

Unit IV (09 Hours)

Balancing: Introduction, static balance, dynamic balance, balancing of rotating masses, two plane
balancing, graphical and analytical methods, balancing of reciprocating masses, balancing of single
cylinder engine.

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 MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

Governors: Introduction, types of governors, characteristics of centrifugal governors, gravity controlled

and spring controlled centrifugal governors, hunting of centrifugal governors, inertia governors. Effort
and Power of governor

Unit V (09 Hours)

Brakes and dynamometers: Introduction, Law of friction and types of lubrication, types of brakes, effect
of braking on rear and front wheels of a four wheeler, dynamometers, belt transmission dynamometer,
torsion dynamometer, hydraulic dynamometer

Gyroscope: Space motion of rigid bodies, angular momentum, gyroscopic couples, gyroscopic
stabilization, ship stabilization, stability of four wheel and two wheel vehicles moving on curved paths.

Text / Reference Books

1. Kinematics and dynamics of machinery: Wilson and Sadler, Third edition, Pearson.
2. Theory of Mechanisms and Machines: Amitabh Ghosh and Ashok Kumar Mallik, Third Edition
Affiliated East‐West Press.
3. Theory of Machines and Mechanisms: Joseph Edward Shigley and John Joseph Uicker, Jr. Oxford
University Press
4. Kinematics and dynamics of machinery: R L Norton, McGraw Hill
5. Theory of Machines: S.S. Rattan, McGraw Hill
6. Theory of Machines: Thomas Bevan, CBS Publishers.

Suggested Software
MechAnalyzer

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 MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

Semester – VI: Departmental Elective – III: Specialization – Manufacturing and Automation

Subject Code: KME 061 Nondestructive Testing LTP:300 Credits: 3

Bloom
Course Outcome: Student will be able to
Taxonomy
CO 1 Understand the concept of destructive and Non‐destructive testing methods. K2
Explain the working principle and application of die penetrant test and magnetic
CO 2 K2
particle inspection.
CO3 Understand the working principle of eddy current inspection. K2
CO 4 Apply radiographic techniques for testing. K3
Apply the principle of Ultrasonic testing and applications in medical and engineering
CO 5 K3
areas.

Unit‐I:
Introduction to NDT, DT, advantages & limitations of NDT, classification of NDT methods, Comparison
with DT, Terminology, Flaws and Defects. Scope of NDT.Codes, Standards and Certifications in NDT.

Visual Inspection– Equipment used for visual inspection, Borescopes, Application of visual inspection
tests in detecting surface defects and their interpretation, advantages & limitations of visual inspection,
Visual Inspection in Welding.

Unit‐II:
Liquid Penetrant Testing – Principle, Scope, Testing equipment, Advantages, Limitations, types of
penetrants and developers, standard testing procedure, Zyglo test, Illustrative examples and
interpretation of defects.

Magnetic Particle Inspection – Principle, Scope, Testing equipment, Advantages, Limitations, Application
of MPI & standard testing procedure, DC & AC magnetization, Skin Effect, different methods to generate
magnetic fields, Illustrative examples and interpretation of defects.

Unit‐III:
Radiographic Testing – Introduction to electromagnetic waves and radioactivity, various decays,
Attenuation of electromagnetic radiations, Photoelectric effect, coherent scattering and Incoherent
scattering, Beam geometry.

X‐ray Radiography – Principle, equipment & methodology, applications, source, types of radiations and
limitations; γ‐ray Radiography – Principle, equipment, γ‐ray source & technique; Radiography Image
Quality Indicators, Film Processing, advantages of γ‐ray radiography over X‐ray radiography. Precautions
against radiation hazards.

Unit‐IV:
Ultrasonic Testing – Introduction, Principle, Piezoelectricity and Piezoelectric Transducers, Wave
propagation, Ultrasonic probes, selection of angle probes, Acoustic Impedance, Reflection and
transmission coefficient, Snell’s law, standard testing procedure & calibration, advantages & limitations.
Data representation ‐ A‐scan, B‐scan, C‐scan. Applications in inspection of welded joints, castings,
forgings and dimensional measurements. Introduction to TOFD & Phased Array Ultrasonic Testing.

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 MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

Unit‐V:
Special NDT Techniques:
Eddy Current Inspection– Introduction, Principle, Methods, scope, Equipment, types of probes,
Sensitivity, standard testing procedure, advanced ECT methods, advantages and limitations.

Acoustic Emission Technique– Introduction, Types of AE signal, Principle, Advantages & Limitations,
Interpretation of Results, Applications.

Holography, Thermography– Introduction, Principle, advantages, limitations and applications.

Books and References:

1. Non‐Destructive Testing and Evaluation of Materials, by‐ Prasad, McGraw Hill Education.
2. Practical Non‐destructive Testing, by‐ Baldev Raj, T. Jayakumar, M. Thavasimuthu, Woodhead
Publishing.
3. Non‐Destructive Testing Techniques, by‐ Ravi Prakash, New Age International.
4. Non destructive Testing Handbook, by Robert C. McMaster, American Society for Nondestructive.
5. Introduction to Non destructive Testing: A Training Guide, by‐ Paul E. Mix, wiley.
6. Electrical and Magnetic Methods of Non‐destructive Testing, by‐ J. Blitz, springer.
7. Practical non destructive testing by Raj, Baldev.
8. Basics of Non‐Destructive Testing, by Lari& Kumar, KATSON Books.
9. ASME Sec. V, boiler and pressure vessel code

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