GED 106-REVIEWER PART 2-PAGE 1 What is the purpose of cover letter?

- The cover
letter is a chance for you to highlight the skills and
Preparing Cover Letter and Curriculum Vitae achievements which are especially relevant to that
COVER LETTER- is a one-page document that is particular employer. It will be a brief summary of
sent and read in conjunction with your CV. It your experiences to date, tailored to competencies
highlights the relevant skills and Achievements. required by the employer.

How long should be the cover letter?- Cover page ● Gaps in you CV- Employers can be
is a one-page business letter that contains 3-4 suspicious about extensive periods of
paragraphs. Follow the employer’s instruction and unexplained time on CV and as general
advice offered by them. If this is not available, rule, it is always best to explain these
something around 400 words is about right and gaps.
certainly not more than one page of A4 paper.
● Truthfulness-As well as being against the
Useful Cover Letter tips law to lie on your cv, you should be
willing to talk about anything on your cv
● Make It Personal. To make your cover at interview, even details in your interest
letter seem more personable, it's a good and extracurricular section.
idea to address the reader directly
Fonts- Arial and Calibri are recommended as they
● Research is Key! are clear and simple.
● Keep It Brief. PARTS OF CURRICULUM VITAE
Curriculum Vitae- When you apply for a job, it is
 Personal Details- name, address,
usual to include a curriculum Vitae, or CV (called telephone, emails, date of birth,
resume in the Us). This is a list of your personal nationality, etc.
details, educational history, qualifications,  Personal Statement- brief summary of
experience and interest- that is to say, the story of your status and personality, make it
your life from a professional point of view. relevant to the job you are applying for.
 Educational/Professional Qualification-
-professional CVs are approximately two to three Include dates, places etc.
pages  Work Experience- include detailed data
THINGS YOU NEED TO CONSIDER/CHECK relevant to the job you are applying for.
BEFORE MAKING YOUR CURRICULUM  Languages- Specify your command of
language: level, certification, etc. Some
VITAE
people put this information in “Other
● Tailoring-Your CV need to match the information”
particular job you are applying for.  Other Information- Include any other
information that has not been included
● Lay out and Design- You can influence before and can be relevant for the job i.e.:
where the employer looks on your CV by driving license, computer literate etc.
the amount of space you allocate to certain  References/Referees- Include two people
section. You should also think carefully that know you professionally so that they
about your choice of headings to highlight can give reference about your work when
key experience asked, you should provide as much
information as possible about them (email,
● Language-The aims is to make your CV telephone, work address, etc.) so that your
as persuasive as possible. Present future employer can contact them easily.
information in the most positive light but
remember there is a clear distinction FORMAT TO IMPRESS- Make your CV and
between doing this and exaggerating.Make cover letter as easy on the eye as possible, keep
sure your spelling and grammar is them succinct, ensure you structure your
accurate. achievements in logical and clear way, and proof-
read for spelling and grammar errors.
● Spellings and grammar- Always use the
spell check on your computer but
remember it’s not fool proof and make PAGE 2
sure it is set to UK English
Online interviews In this case companies create a script of
- Virtual interviews have become quite pre-recorded interview questions and
common and they are a way for responses to the questions that are video-
employers to interview candidates delivered to the candidate via the
using online tools. It is also called a Internet.
video, remote or digital interview. - Candidates are then able to answer using
- An online interview is an online their keyboard, audio, or video, and
research method conducted using based on their answers the “System”
computer-mediated communication, automatically branches to the most
such as instant messaging, email, or relevant information for that particular
video. Online interviews require candidate, as well as the most
different ethical considerations, appropriate next question.
sampling and rapport than practices
found in traditional face-to-face
interviews. Advantages of Online Interviews
3 types of Online interviews 1. LOWER COSTS

1. Remote Online Interviews. save money on travelling expenses, food, and

- This is simply using existing lodging. On the other hand, employees save
technology (i.e., Zoom) to conduct money too, since they don’t have to reserve a
an interview where the interviewer venue where they will interview their candidates.
and interviewee are in different 2. LESS PRESSURE ON CANDIDATES

locations. Many candidates are eliminated early on in the

- This obviously saves travel costs and recruitment process despite their skills, simply
time but is not much more efficient than because they were too nervous during the
the typical interview. interview. Online interviews allow them to be
- It still needs to be scheduled and both more relaxed, while they are at home, and answer
participants need to be available and all the questions at their own pace.
present at the same time.
2. Pre-recorded Applicant’s 3. Fewer delays or cancellations
Responses to Pre-defined Candidates will have no traffic to contend with,
Questions and may still attend interviews despite having flu
- This can work by having an applicant symptoms. And you can conduct interviews from
sit at a computer and either read, listen home, too, also making it simpler to avoid any
to, or see a question read to them. In timing issues.
turn, the computer’s webcam records 4. Easy to include team members in the
the verbal, open-ended response to the interview With the flexibility of virtual
question. interviews, there are fewer occasions where
- With this case the company recruiter that’s necessary – which is fairer to candidates,
simply watches and rates each interview and means you don’t have to go through the
question. In this way time is only saved process of reporting how an interviewee
by those who are “failing” the interview performed. Disadvantages of Online
early in the questions. Therefore, if an Interviews
interviewee does poorly on the first 2-3
questions then the recruiter can end the 1. Connectivity issues
interview by simply not watching any Interviewees need a reliable internet connection or
more questions, and therefore save you could have an interrupted call with lag or
themselves some time. frozen images. There’s not much you can do
3. Blend of Remote Interview and
about this as an interviewer and it could mean you
Recorded Responses. have to reschedule.
2. Background noise or distractions
- This involves a blend of #1 and #2 and
provides the benefits of each without Interviewees sometimes struggle to find a
some of the pitfalls. quiet space if they’re attending a virtual
interview from home, and this can affect their
ability to perform well during your call. Also, • Come prepared
it could affect your ability to fully assess the • Dress professionally
candidate. • Speak loud enough
3. Candidates miss out on a sense of the
• Actively listen and participate
• Take turns in speaking
company culture
• Follow the agenda
You can’t give candidates a feel for your • Ask questions at the appropriate
working environment in the same way as with an time
in-person interview. • Be attentive to your nonverbal
4. You could both be missing non-verbal cues cues
Video interviews come very close but they’re not • Put away technology
the same as meeting someone in person – and • Eat and drink appropriately
this is as important for interviewees as it is for
interviewers. Whether it’s a confident ETIQUETTE IN VIRTUAL MEETINGS:
handshake, how they dress, or subtle tells in their
• Be punctual
body language,
• Dress and Groom Appropriately
Tips in online interviews • Master virtual meeting etiquette
1. DO A TEST RUN WITH YOUR APP AND with good microphone, camera,
COMPUTER setup and internet
2. PICK THE PERFECT SPOT FOR LIGHTING • Be courteous to other participants
3. REMOVE DISTRACTIONS • Mute your microphone when
4. LOG ON EARLY AND TEST THE SETUP you’re not talking
5. SIT UP AND DRESS PROFESSIONALLY • Be aware of your surroundings
6. MAKE A CONNECTION • Sit still
• Pay attention
• Use the chat box when asking for
PART 3 something

PHYSICAL, VIRTUAL MEETINGS AND PART 4

ETIQUETTE
Preparing Correspondence via print or email

Business Letters are formal letters used for

PHYSICAL MEETINGS business to business, business to clients, client to
business correspondence.
- General meeting held and conducted by
physical attendance by members and Elements of a Business Letter
proxies at a particular place.
● Date

VIRTUAL MEETINGS ● Sender's address

- A form of communication that enables ● Recipient's address

people in different physical locations to ● Salutation
use their mobile or internet connected
devices to meet in the same virtual room. ● Body of the Letter
● Closing Paragraph
ETIQUETTE
BUSINESS LETTER IS WRITTEN FOR
- The standard behavior expected during MANY REASONS.
work meetings.
- It prompts you to behave professionally •Request direct information/action from another
and respect other’s time and effort. party
•Order supplies from a supplier
ETIQUETTE IN PHYSICAL MEETINGS:
•Identify a mistake that was committed
• Be punctual •Reply directly to a request
•Apologize for a wrong/simply to convey goodwill ● Add the salutation.

MOST IMPORTANT ELEMENT IN ● Mention that you had written earlier and
WRITING BUSINESS LETTER. haven’t received a response yet.

•Business writing should be clear and concise. ● You can mention here if you had called.

•Avoid endless series of short, choppy sentences ● State your request or interest

•Observe formality, and sincere ● Invite for contact and thank for their
attention.
•Be diplomatic and respectful.
● Close with signature.
•Unique purpose, consideration, reader's feeling,
and character.
•Accuracy GROUP 5: PREPARING LETTERS, BUSINESS
LETTERS, AND EMAIL MESSAGES WITH
Guidelines to Request an Endorsement NETIQUETTE

1. State your name, company/organization, Netiquette

position/ role
 is the correct or acceptable way of
2. Use clear, specific language to request communicating on the internet
endorsement  Is a made-up word from the words net and
etiquette
3. Explain why you're requesting endorsement  Thus, describe the rules of conduct for
4. Include guidelines for format, length/content of respectful and appropriate communication on
the endorsement the internet

5. Indicate by when you need the letter of

endorsement TWO TYPES OF LETTER

6. Consider providing a preaddressed, stamped FORMAL LETTER

envelope.
 These letters follow a certain pattern and
7. If you plan to make a follow- formality. They are strictly kept professional
up call to indicate in your letter in nature and directly address the issues
when you intend to do so. concerned
 EXAMPLE: applying for a job, issuing a
8. Thank the reader for complaint, offering promotion etc.
considering the endorsement
INFORMAL LETTER
GIVE AN ENDORSEMENT
 These are personal letters. They need not
1. Indicate what or who it is that you are endorsing
follow any set pattern or adhere to any
2. Substantiate (or give reasons for) your formalities. They contain personal information
endorsement or a written conversation
 EXAMPLE: Friends, acquaintances,
3. Include how long you have known the person relatives, debut etc.
4. If necessary, indicate the next step
that should be taken or what will
happen next. Include a time frame.
BUSINESS LETTER
5. You may want to include your
contact information and offer to give  A business letter is a professional, formal
letter that is sent by one company to another.
further information upon request.
These letters can be sued for professional
correspondence between business clients,
WRITING A FOLLOW-UP LETTER
employees, stakeholders as well as individuals
● Start with your name, address, city and zip
code, telephone number
 It usually relays official information like rules, RESPONSE LETTERS
regulations, procedures, events, or any other
such information  It is about explaining or listing how a request
was fulfilled
LETTER OF REQUEST
PARTS OF THE BUSINESS LETTER
 It is used to ask for help without groveling or
HEADING being emotional

 Includes the return address and the date on the

last line RESIGNATION LETTER
INSIDE ADDRESS/RECIPIENTS ADDRESS
 This is about giving notice that you are
 Contains the name to which the letter is leaving a position, providing a last day of
written and addressed employment, and explaining what is causing
SALUTATION you to leave

 Is the greeting part that is written I a polite

and courteous manners followed by a comma
(,) and colon (.)
BODY OF THE LETTER FORMAT OF A BUSINESS LETTER

 Contains the main purpose of the letter, the REMEMBER THE SPACING AND FONT
very reason for writing. FORMAT
 Written in a straightforward, simple and
coherent manner 1. Alignment - all proper business letter styles are
COMPLIMENTARY CLOSING left-aligned
2. Spacing - letter should be single-spaced between
 Is the polite yet business-like ending of the sentences to maximize space on the page
letter. This ends with a comma (,) 3. Font - standard font style is Times New Roman,
SIGNATURE BLOCK size 12, though commonly used fonts such as Arial
and Helvetica are acceptable.
 The name of the sender is written o the first 4. Margins - One inch margins are the best because
line they maximize the space.
 His/her signature above his/her name BLOCK- position all the parts if the letter to the
left, single space, and justified
COMMON TYPES OF BUSINESS LETTER SEMI-BLOCK- all parts of the letter are tabbed on
the left, single space and justified except the
COVER LETTER
heading and the closing which are tabbed in the
 Send with a package, report or other item. Its center
purpose is to describe what is enclosed and
provide a description of what the receiver MODIFIED BLOCK
should do with it.  The paragraphs are indented instead of
COMPLAINT LETTERS placing them on the left
 Is to demonstrate that you are displeased  Heading is on the center
without being over-the-top angry  Date and be placed in the right side three
ADJUSTMENT LETTER spaces after the heading
 The recipient’s address is on the left
 This is a response to a complaint letter  Closing is on the right
 It is to show being humble in the response and
to offer potential solution
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT LETTERS EMAIL MESSAGES

 Are meant to acknowledge that you receive an  A message sent from one computer to another
item from someone, or that you are aware of a over the Internet, using a set webmail server
fact or error they pointed out address.
MEMOS  Email may be informal in personal contexts,
but business communication requires attention
 Often based to spread information news and to detail, awareness that your email reflects
directives inside a company you and your company, and a professional
 tone so that it may be forwarded to any third with your most recent job listed at
party if needed. the top of the section.
 An email message can be sent to multiple
recipients at the same time.
 It is also known as an "electronic mail
message." Advantages:

➢ It lets the hiring manager easily see how

TIPS FOR WRITING EMAIL MESSAGES you’ve progressed in your career.
➢ It puts your most relevant work experience
1. Start with a meaningful subject line. at the top, where it’ll be seen first by
2. Address them appropriately recruiters and employers.
3. Keep the email concise and to the point
4. Make it easy to read
5. Do not use slang 2. Functional Resume
6. Be kind and thankful • It is a type of resume designed to
7. Be charismatic focus on your relevant
8. Bring up points in your previous conversation professional skills rather than
9. Re-read the email your chronological work history.
10. Use an appropriate signature • The defining feature of a
functional resume is its expanded
EMAIL NETIQUETTE “Relevant Skills” section, which
takes up the majority of your
 Use a clear, professional subject line resume and replaces a detailed
 Proofread every email you send work experiences section.
 Write your email before entering the
recipient’s email address 3. Combination Resume
 Double check you have the correct recipients • It mixes the most useful elements
 ensure you CC all relevant recipient
of the chronological and
 You don’t always have to “reply all”
 Reply to your emails functional resume formats.
 Include a signature block • It focuses on your skills, as a
 Use the appropriate level of formality functional resume does, but also
 Keep emails brief and to the point provides ample space for you to
detail your work history usually in
chronological order.
PART 6

WRITING RESUME (OUTLINE REVIEWER)

How to write a good resume
Resume
1.Asses yourself, and ask yourself
• A one to two-page summary of such as;
experiences and skills relevant to the job • What are my talent
you applied. and skills?
• Purpose is to get someone an interview/ to • What projects or
land you an interview. activities have I
• An employer’s first impression of you. participated in?
• Highlight your accomplishments, skills • What else am I
and experiences relevant to the field. good at?

Types of Resume 2.Pick the items you want to

highlight and emphasize, but
1. Chronological Resume
remember these 3 things;
• It is a resume type that focuses • BE BRIEF
heavily on your work history.
• BE CONCISE
• Its key features is that your it list • BE RELEVANT
your work history in order in you
of when you held each position, 3. Sections of your resume
 • Basic  Case Study Analysis
information  Financial Analysis
 Reports
• Education
 Analysis
• Experiences When you talk about academic writing, you start
• Skills and with:
Interest
⇨ Asking yourself a question
• References
⇨ Conceptualize the problem
⇨ Finding the solution
4. Format of Resume ⇨ Making or arguing your own
• Use fonts that are easy stand
to read
• Center and balanced (1 Arriving at an Academic Paper
margin)  Select a topic
 Formulate a working thesis statement
• Makes headings and  Prepare preliminary questions
name standout  Find sources
• Do not print in colored  Take down and organize notes
papers  Outline your paper
 Draft your paper
 Revise and Edit
GROUP 7: COMMUNICATION FOR  Check Documentation
ACADEMIC PURPOSES

Example
Academic Communication
Topic: Relevance of Wearing School Uniform
o It entails formally and effectively
among USTP Students
presenting ideas in scholastic
environment. Thesis Statement: Wearing school uniform among
Education-USTP students promotes unity and
o Also called Scholarly Communication. loyalty towards one another.
o Refers to methods of communication that PRELIMINARY QUESTIONS:
are highly structured and generally only
used in pedagogical settings. 1. What do the design and the color of the school
uniform among Education-USTP students reflect?
o Examples: Textbooks, Presentations,
Research Articles and Lectures 2. Besides unity and loyalty matters, why is the
wearing of school uniform among Education-USTP
students relevant?
Academic Paper 3. How does the wearing of school uniform among
Education-USTP students promote unity and
o Also called scholarly paper.
loyalty among students themselves?
o An academic paper begins with a
thesis - the writer of the academic
paper aims to persuade readers of
an idea or solution to a problem  REFERENCE- List the source you have
based on EVIDENCE - not used in your paper.
personal opinion.  Supports your
o In academic journals and paper.
contains original research results  Should be
or reviews existing results or latest edition.
shows a totally new invention.  CITATION - To properly address the
It may include: author of selected references
 APA format
⇨ Academic assignments citation
 TYPES OF DISCOURSE

RESEARCH PAPER 1. NARRATION

⇨ It simply tells a story. And in the process
 A piece of academic writing that provides of telling a story a description can be a
analysis, interpretation, and argument helping device to make the story more
based on in-depth independent research. interesting.
RESEARCH PAPER INVOLVES ⇨ Examples: History, Police Report,
Traditional Novel
 Gathering data
 Forming hypothesis 2. DESCRIPTION
 Testing of hypothesis ⇨ Expresses what the author actually sees,
 Forming a new theory feels, touches, tastes and smells and other
 Confirming an existing one sense of impressions that he/she
experiences toward a person, thing and
Research Paper Structure other animate or inanimate objects. The
author usually uses adjectives, participles
 Literature Review- an integrated analysis
and other modifiers.
and synthesis of scholarly articles related
to the topics or issues of your study. 3. EXPOSITION
 Methodology- is the specific procedures ⇨ It is a type of discourse intended to give
or techniques used to identify, select, information about (or an explanation of)
process, and analyze information about the an issue, subject, method, or idea.
topic. ⇨ Examples: Laboratory Report, Book
 Findings- described the researchers found Summary, Stock Report, Encyclopedia,
they analyzed their data. Instructions
 Analysis- research data analysis, is a
process used by the researchers for 4. ARGUMENTATION
reducing data to a story and interpreting it ⇨ A type of discourse that centers on a
to derive insights. thesis. Used for proposing a solution or
 Recommendations- urge specific actions defending a proposal or criticizing existing
to be taken with regard to policy, practice, practices, systems and approaches.
theory, or subsequent research. ⇨ Examples: Philosophical Debate,
Scholarly Research, Analytical
Types of Research
Decision- Making.
 QUALITATIVE- collecting and
analyzing non- numerical data to
understand concepts, opinions and MAJOR STEPS OF THE WRITING PROCESS
experiences.
 QUANTITATIVE- the process of 1. PRE WRITING STAGE
collecting and analyzing data. In this stage, you plan what you are going
to write.
 Choose a topic.
 Identify your purpose and audience.
DISCOURSE AND ITS TYPE
 Do some research.
 DISCOURSE- comes from the Latin  Brainstorm ideas.
word discursus, which means "running to
and fro." 2. DRAFTING
 The physical act of transferring  In this stage, you start with a working
information "to and fro," the way a runner thesis and then write your ideas in
might. sentences and paragraphs.
 You follow your prewriting plan to create
CHARACTERISTICS OF A GOOD a first draft of your essay.
PARAGRAPH
3. REVISING
 A good paragraph has unity, coherence,
brevity and emphasis.
 This stage involves making changes that - Is the most basic form of academic
will improve your writing. writing. Its goal is to present information
 Rearrange words or sentences. or facts.
 Add examples. 2. Analytical
 Add descriptive details. - Includes descriptive writing, but also
 Make clear connection between ideas. requires you to re-organize the facts and
information you describe into categories,
groups, parts, types, or relationships.
4. EDITING AND PROOFREADING 3. Persuasive
This is the stage of your essay where you - Has all the features of analytical writing
polish your essay. You focus on smaller- with the addition of your own point of
scale yet important essay elements, such view.
as clarity in sentence structure, appropriate 4. Critical
word choice, correct spelling and - Is a form of writing where you consider
grammar, and accurate document format. another person’s point of view on an issue
 Complete Sentences or topic, rather than just your own.
 Check the spelling, capitalization and - Is common for research, postgraduate and
punctuation. advance undergraduate writing.

Specific Purposes of Academic Writing

5. PUBLISHING - To inform
In this final stage, write or type your final - To argue a specific point
work neatly and choose a way to present - To persuade
your work to an audience.
 Write or type your final draft. Stylistic Elements of Good Academic Writing
 Read it aloud before printing/submitting it.
Language
 Double check for errors.
 Share your writing with others. - It is significant that you use language that
fits your audience and matches your
purpose. Inappropriate language uses can
QUESTIONS THAT WILL HELP GENERATE undermine your argument, damage your
IDEAS credibility, or alienate your audience.

1. What is my purpose for writing? Academic Tone

2. For whom am I writing?
- Refers to the writer’s voice in a written
3. What message do I want to communicate?
work.
4. What is the best writing discourse in
- It is what the readers might perceive as the
conveying your message should you use?
writer’s attitude, bias, or personality.
5. How do I want to sound my audience or
readers? Academic Diction

- Refers to the linguistic choices a writer

makes to effectively convey an idea or a
STYLISTIC ELEMENTS OF GOOD standpoint
ACADEMIC WRITING
Punctuations

Academic Writing - To establish the narrative tone of their

work, scholars rely on precise words and
- Is a formal style used in universities and language. Thus, punctuation marks are
scholarly publications. used very deliberately.
- Should be cohesive, logically organized
and should have transitional devices. Academic Conventions

Four Main Types of Academic Writing - Act as signposts to guide readers through a
text to make it easier for them to get the
1. Descriptive gist of what is being conveyed.
Evidence-based Reasoning

- Academic writing valued viewpoints or

opinions are based on what is often
termed, evidence-based reasoning.

Complexity and Higher-Order Thinking

- Academic writing addresses multifaceted

issues that require higher-order thinking
skills applied to understanding the
research problem such as creative, critical,
logical, and reflective thinking as opposed
to, for example, prescriptive or descriptive
thinking.

Credible and Scholarly Source

- Credibility is defined as the quality or

power of inspiring belief. Credible
sources, therefore, must be reliable
sources that provide information that one
can believe to be true.