MAT Chapter 6 Bittu Mishra

Class 10 AVERAGE 9593751369

Introduction
An average or more accurately an Arithmetic Mean is term as the sum of a number of data
divided by n (term).
𝑺𝒖𝒎 𝒐𝒇 𝒂𝒍𝒍 𝒏𝒖𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓𝒔
Average=
(𝑻𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 𝒏𝒖𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒎𝒔)

Example 1– An average of 31, 37, 41, 43, and 47

Method 1– Basic method

Sum of all the number=199
Number of terms= 5
Average= 199/5=39.8

Note: The average is equal distribution of each number

Method 2– Divergence method

We know that the average is nothing but the Mean

You choose any number as an average

Let select- 41 as an average

Now compare every number with the assumed average

31, 37, 41, 43, 47
31 is 10 less than 41
37 is 4 less than 41
43 is 2 more than 41
47 is 6 more than 41

Deviation = (-10-4+2+6) = - 6
-6 is divided into a number of terms
= -6/5 = -1.2
Subtract from the average we assume= 41- 1.2 = 39.8

So, the formula for deviation

𝒅𝒆𝒗𝒊𝒂𝒕𝒊𝒐𝒏
New average = 𝑶𝒍𝒅 𝒂𝒗𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒈𝒆 + ( )
𝒏𝒖𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓 𝒐𝒇 𝒕𝒆𝒓𝒎𝒔

Example 2– Average of 2014, 2019, 2025, 2030, 2050

Select the median value i.e. 2000
Since all number are stating from 2000 so

Deviation= 14+19+25+30+50 = 138

𝟏𝟑𝟖
New average= 2000+ = 2027.6
𝟓
MAT Chapter 6 Bittu Mishra
Class 10 AVERAGE 9593751369
Basic Formula:
𝒏 𝟏
1. Average of first n natural number =
𝟐

2. Average of first n even number = (n+1)

3. Average of first n odd number = n

𝑭𝒊𝒓𝒔𝒕 𝒏𝒖𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓 𝑳𝒂𝒔𝒕 𝒏𝒖𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓

4. Average of consecutive number =
𝟐

𝑳𝒂𝒔𝒕 𝒐𝒅𝒅 𝒏𝒖𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓 𝟏

5. Average of 1 to n odd numbers =
𝟐

𝑳𝒂𝒔𝒕 𝒆𝒗𝒆𝒏 𝒏𝒖𝒎𝒃𝒆𝒓 𝟐

6. Average of 1 to n even numbers =
𝟐

[(𝒏 𝟏)(𝟐𝒏 𝟏)]

7. Average of squares of first n natural numbers =
𝟔

𝒏(𝒏 𝟏)𝟐
8. Average of the cubes of first n natural number =
𝟒

Note 1: If the average of n1 observations is a1; the average of n2 observations is a2 and so on,
𝒏𝟏×𝒂𝟏 𝒏𝟐×𝒂𝟐 ⋯…
then average of all the observations =
𝒏𝟏 𝒏𝟐 ⋯…..

Note 2: If the average of m observations is a and the average of n observations taken out of is b,
𝒎𝒂 𝒏𝒃
then average of rest of the observations =
𝒎 𝒏

Example: A man bought 20 cows in Rs. 200000. If the average cost of 12 cows is Rs. 12500, then what
will be the average cot of remaining cows?

Solution: Here m = 20 , n = 12 , a = 10000 , b = 12500

Average cost of remaining cows ( 20-8) cows = (20*10000 – 12*12500)/(20-8) =Rs 6250

Note 3: If the average of n students in a class is a, where average of passed students is x and
average of failed students is y, then
[𝑻𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 𝑺𝒕𝒖𝒅𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒔 (𝑻𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 𝒂𝒗𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒈𝒆 𝑨𝒗𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒈𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒇𝒂𝒊𝒍𝒆𝒅 𝒔𝒕𝒖𝒅𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒔)] [𝒏(𝒂 𝒚)]
Number of students passed= =
𝑨𝒗𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒈𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒑𝒂𝒔𝒔𝒆𝒅 𝒔𝒕𝒖𝒅𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒔 𝑨𝒗𝒆𝒓𝒂𝒈𝒆 𝒐𝒇 𝒇𝒂𝒊𝒍𝒆𝒅 𝒔𝒕𝒖𝒅𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒔 𝒙 𝒚

Example: In a class, there are 75 students are their average marks in the annual examination is 35. If
the average marks of passed students is 55 and average marks of failed students is 30, then find out
the number of students who failed.

Solution: Here , n = 75 , a = 35 , x = 55 , y = 30
( )
Number of students who passed = = 15
Number of students who failed = 75 − 15 = 60
MAT Chapter 6 Bittu Mishra
Class 10 AVERAGE 9593751369

Note 4: If the average of total components in a group is a, where average of n components (1st
part) is b and average of remaining components (2nd part) is c, then number of remaining
𝒏 𝒂−𝒃
components (2nd part) =
𝒄−𝒂

Example: The average salary of the entire staff in an offfice is Rs. 200 per day. The average salary of
officers is Rs. 550 and that of non-officers is Rs. 120. If the number of officers is 16, then find the
numbers of non-officers in the office.

Solution: Here n=16, a = 200, b = 550, c = 120

( )
Number of non – officer = = 70

Average Speed
Average speed is defined as total distance travelled divided by total time taken.
𝑻𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 𝒅𝒊𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒄𝒆 𝒕𝒓𝒂𝒗𝒆𝒍𝒍𝒆𝒅
Average speed =
𝑻𝒐𝒕𝒂𝒍 𝒕𝒊𝒎𝒆 𝒕𝒂𝒌𝒆𝒏

Case I
If a person covers a certain distance at a speed of A km/h and again covers the same distance at
𝟐𝑨𝑩
a speed of B km/h, then the average speed during the whole journey will be
𝑨 𝑩

Case II
If a person covers three equal distances at the speed of A km/h, B km/h and C km/h respectively,
𝟑𝑨𝑩𝑪
then the average speed during the whole Journey will be
𝑨𝑩 𝑩𝑪 𝑪𝑨

Case III
If distance P is covered with speed x, distance Q is covered with speed y and distance R is
covered with speed z, then for the whole journey,
𝑷 𝑸 𝑹 ⋯..
Average speed= 𝑷 𝑸 𝑹
⋯
𝒙 𝒚 𝒛

Example: A person covers 20 km distance with a speed of 5 km/h, then he covers the next 15 km with a
speed of 3 km/h and the last 10 km is covered by him with a speed of 2 km/h. Find out his average
speed for the whole journey.

Solution:
Average speed = =3

Case IV
If a person covers P part of his total distance with speed of x, Q part of total distance with speed
of y and R part of total distance with speed of z,then
𝟏
Average speed = 𝑷 𝑸 𝑹
⋯…
𝒙 𝒚 𝒛
MAT Chapter 6 Bittu Mishra
Class 10 AVERAGE 9593751369
Solved Problems
Problem 1: The average age of 30 boys of a class is equal to 14 years. When the age of the class
teacher is included, the average become 15 years, find the age of the class teacher.

Problem 2: The average weight of 4 men is increased by 3kg when one of them who weighs 120kg is
replaced by another man. What is the weight of the new man?

Problem 3: The average of marks obtained by 120 candidates in a certain examination is 35. If the
average marks of passed candidates is 39 and that of the failed candidates is 15, what is the number of
candidates who passed the examination?

Problem 4: The average of 11 results is 50. If the average of first six results is 49 and that of last six is
52, find the sixth result.

Problem 5: The average of 11 results is 30, that of the first five is 25 and that of the last five is 28. Find
the value of the 6th result.

Problem 6: The average age of 8 persons in a committee is increased by 2 years when two men aged
35 years and 45 years are substituted by two women. Find the average age of two women.

Problem 7: A man bought 13 shirts of Rs.50 each, 15 shirts of Rs.60 each and 12 pairs of shoes at Rs.
65 a pair. Find the average value of each article.

Problem 8: In a class, there are 20 boys whose average age is decreased by 2 months, when one boy
aged 18 years is replaced by a new boy. Find the age of a new boy.

Problem 9: A batsman in his 17th innings makes a score of 85, and thereby increase his average by 3.
What is his average after 17 innings?

Problem 10: A cricketer has completed 10 innings and his average is 21.5 runs. How many runs must
he make in his next innings so as to raise his average to 24?
MAT Chapter 6 Bittu Mishra
Class 10 AVERAGE 9593751369
Solutions

Solution 1: Total ages of 30 boys = 14 × 30 = 420 yrs.

Total ages when class teacher is included = 15 × 31 = 465 yrs.
∴ Age of class teacher = 465 - 420 = 45 yrs.
Direct Formula: Age of new entrant = New average + No. of old members × increase in average
= 15 + 30 (15 – 14) = 45 yrs.

Solution 2: Weight of new person = Weight of removed person + No. of persons × Increase in Average
∴ Weight of new person = 120+ 4 × 3 = 132 kg

Solution 3 :
( )
Number of passed candidates =
( )
And Number of Failed candidates =
( )
Number of passed candidates = = 100

Solution 4: Sixth result = (Sum of the first six results and the last six results) – Sum of 11 results
= (6 × 49 + 6 × 52) – (11 × 50) = 294 + 312 – 550 = 56

Solution 5: 6th Number = total of 11 numbers – (total of first five + total of last 5 numbers)
= (11 × 30) – (5×25+5×28) = 330 – 265 = 65

Solution 6: The total age of 2 women = 2 × 8 + (35 + 45) = 96 years

∴ Average age of two women = = 48 years

× × ×
Solution 7: Average = = = Rs. 58.25

Solution 8: Age of the new boy= Age of the boy who left – No. of persons × Decrease in average age
= 18 − 20 × = 14 years = 14 years 8 months

Solution 9: Let the average score after 16th innings be x.

∴ Total score after 17 innings = 16x + 85
From question, 17(x+3) = 16x + 85
∴ x = 34
∴ Average score after 17 innings = 34 +3 = 37

Solution 10: Total of 10 innings = 21.5 × 10 = 215

Suppose he needs a score of x in 11th innings, then average in 11 innings = = 24
Or, x = 49.

Direct Formula: Required Score = 11 × 24 – 21.5 × 10 = 49

MAT Chapter 6 Bittu Mishra
Class 10 AVERAGE 9593751369
Practice Exercise - 1
1) A man goes uphill with an average speed of 24 km/h and comes down with an average speed of 36
km/h. The distance travelled in both the cases being the same. The average speed (in km/h) for the
entire journey is
(A) 30 (B) 28.8 (C) 32.6 (D) 30.8

2) Average price of 10 books is Rs. 12, while the average price of 8 of these books is Rs. 11.75. Of the
remaining two books, if the price of one book is 60% more than the price of the other. What is the price
of each of these two books?
(A) Rs. 12, Rs. 14 (B) Rs. 5, Rs. 7.50 (C) Rs. 8, Rs. 12 (D) Rs. 10, Rs. 16

3) Average monthly salary of 12 workers and 3 managers in a factory was Rs. 600. When one of the
manager whose salary was Rs. 720 was replaced with a new manager, then the average salary of the
team went down to Rs 580. Find the salary of the new manager.
(A) 570 (B) 420 (C) 690 (D) 640

4) The average weight of 15 students in a class is increased by 1.5 kg when one of the students
weighing 40 kg is replaced by a new student. Find the weight of the new student.
(A) 61.5 (B) 62.5 (C) 63.5 (D) 60.5

5) The average age of A & B is 20 years. If C were to replace A, the average would be 19 and if C were
to replace B, the average would be 21. What are the ages of A, B & C?
(A) 22, 18, 20 (B) 20, 16, 18 (C) 22, 20, 24 (D) 32, 30, 34

6) The average of six numbers is 3.95. The average of two of them is 3.4, while the average of the other
two is 3.85. What is the average of the remaining two numbers?
(A) 4.5 (B) 4.7 (C) 4.6 (D) 4.8

7) The average salary of all the workers in a workshop is Rs.8000. The average salary of 7 technicians
is Rs.12000 and the average salary of the rest is Rs.6000. The total number of workers in the workshop
is:
(A) 20 (B) 22 (C) 21 (D) 23

8) The average of 50 numbers is 30. If two numbers, 35 and 40 are discarded, then the average of the
remaining numbers is nearly.
(A) 28.32 (B) 28.78 (C) 29.27 (D) 29.68

9) The average score of a cricketer for ten matches is 38.9 runs. If the average for the first six matches
is 42, then find the average for the last four matches.
(A) 33.25 (B) 33.5 (C) 34.25 (D) 35

10) Classes A and B have 35 students each. If seven girls shift from class A to class B, then the number
of girls in the classes would interchange. If four girls shift from class B to class A, then the number of
girls in class A would be twice the original number of girls in class B. What is the number of boys in
class A and in class B?
(A) 18 and 11 (B) 24 and 17 (C) 18 and 27 (D) 17 and 24
MAT Chapter 6 Bittu Mishra
Class 10 AVERAGE 9593751369
11) Runs scored by Bangar in a match are 10 more than the balls faced by Karthik. The number of balls
faced by Bangar is 5 more than the number of runs scored by Karthik. Together they have scored 50
runs and Bangar has faced 15 balls less than Karthik. What is the number of runs scored by Bangar?
(A) 30 (B) 25 (C) 40 (D) 50

12) The average age of a group of persons going for tour to Shimla is 22 years. 25 new persons with an
average age of 10 years join the group and their average age becomes 12 years. The number of
persons initially going for tour is?
(A) 10 (B) 8 (C) 7 (D) 5

13) The average age of a committee of 12 members is 48 years. A member of the committee age 62
retired and in place of him a new person aged 26 joined the committee. Find the new average of the
committee.
(A) 44 (B) 45 (C) 46 (D) 48

14) For three successive years, the cost of petrol was Rs 20 per litre, Rs 22 per litre and Rs 23.50 per
litre respectively. If a man spent an average of Rs 8000 per year on petrol, then he spent what average
cost of petrol per litre for the three years?
(A) Rs 20 (B) Rs 25.3 (C) Rs 28.2 (D) Rs 21.7

15) The average age of a husband and wife at the time of marriage is 22 years. After 3 years, they have
a one year old child. Find the average age of the family of three at the time of birth of the child.
(A) 14 years (B) 15 years (C) 16 years (D) 17 years

16) A student finds the average of 10 positive integers. Each integer contains two digits. By mistake, the
student interchanges the digits of one number say ba for ab. Due to this, the average becomes 1.8 less
than the previous one. What is the difference between the two digits a and b?
(A) 8 (B) 6 (C) 2 (D) None of these

17) Ramesh analysed the monthly salary figures of five vice presidents of his company. All the salary
figures are in integer lakhs. The mean and the median salary figures are 5 lakhs, and the only mode is 8
lakhs. Which of the options below is the sum (in lakhs) of the highest and the lowest salaries?
(A) 10 (B) 11 (C) 12 (D) None of these

18) The average score of Dhoni after 48 innings is 48 and in the 49 th innings Dhoni scores 97 runs. In
the 50th innings the minimum number of runs required to increase his average score by 2 runs than it
was before the 50th innings is:
(A) 99 (B) 149 (C) 151 (D) Can’t be determined

19) 10 years ago the average age of all the 25 teachers of the Girls college was 45 years. 4 years ago ,
the principal has retired from her post at the age of 60 years. So after one year a new principal whose
age was 54 years recruited from outside. The present average age of all the teachers is, if principal is
also considered as a teacher:
(A) 54 years (B) 55 years (C) 49 years (D) None of these

20) Captain of team of 11 members is 26 years old & Wicket keeper is 3 years older. If ages of these
two are excluded, the average age of the remaining players is 1 year less than the avg. age of the whole
team. What is the avg. age of the team?
(A) 23 years (B) 24 years (C) 25 years (D) None of these
MAT Chapter 6 Bittu Mishra
Class 10 AVERAGE 9593751369
Answer Keys – Exercise- 1

1 B 6 C 11 C 16 C
2 D 7 C 12 D 17 D
3 B 8 D 13 B 18 B
4 B 9 C 14 D 19 A
5 A 10 D 15 C 20 A