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Teaching Listening (Group1)

The document discusses lesson planning, including defining lesson plans, common elements of lesson plans such as objectives and materials, different types of lesson plans, benefits of lesson planning, and steps in making a lesson plan. It provides details on how to format a lesson plan and includes the phases of a Herbartian lesson plan approach.

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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
56 views16 pages

Teaching Listening (Group1)

The document discusses lesson planning, including defining lesson plans, common elements of lesson plans such as objectives and materials, different types of lesson plans, benefits of lesson planning, and steps in making a lesson plan. It provides details on how to format a lesson plan and includes the phases of a Herbartian lesson plan approach.

Uploaded by

mian4901385
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Assignment

Topic :

• Lesson Planning
• Making and using Lesson Plans for teaching Listening
Subject:

Teaching of Literature
Submitted to:

Sir Tahir Musood


Submitted by:

Um-E-Habiba (19353)
Tayyiba Idrees (19354)
Mishal Bukhari (19355)
Muhammad waqas (19356)
M. Tahir Rehman (19359)
Qamar shahazad (19360)
Class:

BS English (8th Semester)


Lesson Planning

What is Lesson Plan ?

A lesson plan is a teacher's detailed description of the course of instruction or

"learning trajectory" for a lesson. A daily lesson plan is developed by a teacher to

guide class learning. Details will vary depending on the preference of the teacher,

subject being covered, and the needs of the students.

A lesson plan is the teacher's guide for running a particular lesson, and it includes

the goal (what the students are supposed to learn), how the goal will be reached

(the method, procedure) and a way of measuring how well the goal was reached

(test, worksheet, homework etc.).

How to make a lesson plan (format)

While there are many formats for a lesson plan, most lesson plans contain some or

all of these elements, typically in this order:

 Title of the lesson

 Time required to complete the lesson

 List of required materials


 List of objectives, which may be behavioral objectives (what the student can

do at lesson completion) or knowledge objectives (what the student knows at

lesson completion)

 The set (or lead-in, or bridge-in) that focuses students on the lesson's skills

or concepts—these include showing pictures or models, asking leading

questions, or reviewing previous lessons

 An instructional component that describes the sequence of events that make

up the lesson, including the teacher's instructional input and, where

appropriate, guided practice by students to consolidate new skills and ideas

 Independent practice that allows students to extend skills or knowledge on

their own.

 A summary, where the teacher wraps up the discussion and answers

questions.

 An evaluation component, a test for mastery of the instructed skills or

concepts—such as a set of questions to answer or a set of instructions to

follow.

 A risk assessment where the lesson's risks and the steps taken to minimize

them are documented.


 An analysis component the teacher uses to reflect on the lesson itself—such

as what worked and what needs improving.

 A continuity component reviews and reflects on content from the previous

lesson.

Phases of lesson plan

Herbartian approach: Fredrick Herbart (1776-1841)

According to Herbart, there are eight lesson plan phases that are designed to

provide "many opportunities for teachers to recognize and correct students'

misconceptions while extending understanding for future lessons." These phases

are:

1. Introduction

2. Foundation

3. Brain Activation

4. Body of New Information

5. Clarification

6. Practice and Review

7. Independent Practice

8. Closure
Preparation/Instruction: It pertains to preparing and motivating children to the

lesson content by linking it to the previous knowledge of the student, by arousing

curiosity of the children and by making an appeal to their senses. This prepares the

child's mind to receive new knowledge. "To know where the pupils are and where

they should try to be are the two essentials of good teaching." Lessons may be

started in the following manner:

a. Two or three interesting but relevant questions

b. Showing a picture/s, a chart or a model

c. A situation Statement of Aim: Announcement of the focus of the lesson in a

clear, concise statement such as "Today, we shall study the..."

Presentation/Development: The actual lesson commences here. This step should

involve a good deal of activity on the part of the students. The teacher will take the

aid of various devices, e.g., questions, illustrations, explanation, expositions,

demonstration and sensory aids, etc. Information and knowledge can be given,

explained, revealed or suggested. The following principles should be kept in mind.

a. Principle of selection and division: This subject matter should be divided into

different sections. The teacher should also decide as to how much he is to tell and

how much the pupils are to find out for themselves. b. Principle of successive

sequence: The teacher should ensure that the succeeding as well as preceding

knowledge is clear to the students. c. Principle of absorption and integration: In


the end separation of the parts must be followed by their combination to promote

understanding of the whole.

Association comparison: It is always desirable that new ideas or knowledge be

associated to daily life situations by citing suitable examples and by drawing

comparisons with the related concepts. This step is important when we are

establishing principles or generalizing definitions.

Generalizing: This concept is concerned with the systematizing of the knowledge

learned. Comparison and contrast lead to generalization. An effort should be made

to ensure that students draw the conclusions themselves. It should result in

students' own thinking, reflection and experience.

Application: It requires a good deal of mental activity to think and apply the

principles learned to new situations. Knowledge, when it is put to use and verified,

becomes clear and a part of the student's mental make-up.

Recapitulation: Last step of the lesson plan, the teacher tries to ascertain whether

the students have understood or grasped the subject matter or not. This is used for

assessing/evaluating the effectiveness of the lesson by asking students questions on

the contents of the lesson or by giving short objectives to test the student's level of

understanding; for example, to label different parts on a diagram, etc.

Types of lesson plans


5 Common Types of Lesson Plans

 Daily Lesson Plan…….

 Weekly Lesson Plan. .....

 A Whole Unit Lesson Plan. ....

 Subject Specific Lesson Plan. ....

 Grade-Specific Lesson Plan….

1. Daily Lesson Plan:

Teachers prepare this type of lesson plan to cover the learning objective for a specific day.

2. weekly lesson plan

Teachers prepare a lesson plan when there is only one particular learning objective: the primary

goal for the entire week. First, the teacher covers the topic in class within 2-3 days and then

encourages the students to practice on their own. By the end of the week, the students go through

an assessment to determine how well they understood the concept.

3. A Whole Unit Lesson Plan

This lesson plan is ideal for teachers who prefer to teach their lessons from a per-unit

perspective. You can customize your pace of teaching for each class depending on how well the

students grasp each concept before moving on to the next topic in the unit.

4. Subject Specific Lesson Plan

If you are teaching multiple subjects in a single shift, you need to use a different lesson plan for

each subject. Differentiating your planning can help achieve your targets and cover each of your

lessons while avoiding confusion and maintaining focus when handling different topics.

5. Grade-Specific Lesson Plan


If you’re teaching more than one class across different grade levels, preparing this type of lesson

plan can help you manage your class and time more effectively. You have to consider that each

grade level needs diversity, as some types of assessments will not be applicable across all grade

levels.

Benefits of having a lesson plan

Some benefits of preparing a lesson include:

Forming teacher and student goals: Teachers can more effectively teach with an

understanding of a clear objective. Students can learn their overall goal at the start of the lesson

so they know what to focus on and how the content applies to them.

Providing the teacher with visualization: After educators complete a lesson plan, they can

usually better visualize each step of the lesson. This helps them to prepare materials and focus on

activities they can incorporate to engage their students in the learning process.

Serving as substitute plans: Sometimes you unexpectedly require a substitute to take over your

classes. In times like these, lesson plans become more valuable because substitutes can use them

when taking over a teacher's class for the day.

Saving time in the future: Educators can save successful lesson plans and use them for future

lessons. Many teachers save them on their computers and adapt them each year for their new

students. With an outline already complete, it can save them time by not creating brand new

plans each year.

Supporting career advancement: Teachers can bring some of their most effective lesson plan

examples with them to their annual performance review. They can also provide them during job

interviews so future employers see the lessons they use in the classroom.
Steps of Lesson Plan

A lesson plan typically consists of several key components that help guide the teacher in

delivering an effective and structured lesson. Here are the steps commonly included in a lesson

plan:

Objective or Learning Outcome: Clearly state the objective or learning outcome of the lesson.

What specific knowledge, skill, or understanding do you want students to gain by the end of the

lesson? Be specific and measurable.

Prerequisite Knowledge: Identify any prior knowledge or concepts that students need to have

before starting the lesson. This helps ensure that students are prepared for the new material.

Materials and Resources: List all the materials and resources you will need for the lesson. This

can include textbooks, handouts, multimedia tools, props, or any other instructional aids.

Introduction: Describe how you will introduce the lesson to the students. This can involve an

attention-grabbing opening, a review of previous learning, or a brief overview of what will be

covered.

Instructional Sequence: Outline the sequence of activities and instructions you will use to teach

the lesson. Break down the lesson into smaller parts or steps, and describe how you will engage

students and deliver the content. This can include lectures, discussions, group work, multimedia

presentations, or hands-on activities.

Differentiation: If necessary, include strategies or accommodations for students with diverse

learning needs. Consider how you will modify the lesson to support students who may need

additional assistance or extension activities for those who require more challenge.
Assessment and Evaluation: Explain how you will assess student learning throughout the

lesson. This can include formative assessments (e.g., quizzes, discussions, observations) and

summative assessments (e.g., tests, projects) to measure student progress.

Closure: Describe how you will conclude the lesson. This may involve summarizing the key

points, providing a final opportunity for questions or clarification, or assigning homework or

independent practice.

Reflection: Take a moment to reflect on the lesson after it is delivered. Note any adjustments or

modifications that worked well and any areas for improvement. This reflection will help inform

future lesson planning and instruction.

Remember that lesson plans can be flexible and adapted based on the needs of your students. It's

also important to consider the age, grade level, and subject you are teaching, as these factors can

influence the specific details of your lesson plan.

Stages of Lesson Plan:

The stages of a typical lesson plan can be divided into several key components. Here are the

common stages of a lesson plan:

Introduction:

Engage students' interest and attention.

Review and connect to prior knowledge or concepts.

Clearly state the lesson objectives or learning outcomes.

Warm-up or Anticipatory Set:

Activate students' prior knowledge or skills related to the lesson topic.

Set the stage for the upcoming lesson.


Create curiosity and motivation for learning.

Instruction:

Present new information, concepts, or skills.

Use a variety of teaching methods and strategies.

Provide clear explanations, examples, and demonstrations.

Break down complex ideas into smaller, manageable parts.

Engage students in active learning through discussions, activities, or group work.

Scaffold learning to support students at different levels.

Guided Practice:

Provide opportunities for students to practice and apply the newly learned content.

Offer guidance and support as students work through exercises, tasks, or problems.

Monitor student progress and provide immediate feedback.

Address common misconceptions or difficulties.

Independent Practice:

Assign tasks or activities that allow students to practice independently.

Reinforce and extend the learning by applying it in different contexts.

Provide clear instructions and resources for students to work on their own.

Encourage self-reflection and self-assessment.

Assessment:

Evaluate student learning and understanding.

Use formative assessments to monitor progress during the lesson.

Conduct summative assessments to measure overall achievement.

Utilize a variety of assessment methods such as quizzes, discussions, projects, or observations.


Provide constructive feedback to students on their performance.

Closure:

Summarize the key points and main concepts of the lesson.

Help students make connections between the new learning and prior knowledge.

Allow students to ask questions and clarify any doubts.

Provide a sense of closure and wrap up the lesson.

Extension or Homework:

Assign extension activities or homework to reinforce and extend learning.

Provide additional resources or readings for further exploration.

Encourage independent thinking and creativity.

Reflection:

Reflect on the effectiveness of the lesson and teaching strategies used.

Evaluate student engagement, understanding, and achievement.

Consider what worked well and areas for improvement.

Use insights gained to inform future lesson planning and instruction.

It's important to note that the specific stages and their order may vary depending on the teaching

context, subject matter, and the needs of your students. Adapt the stages to suit your instructional

style and the unique requirements of your lesson.

Qualities of good lesson plan

A good lesson plan possesses several qualities that make it effective and beneficial for both

teachers and students. Here are some essential qualities of a good lesson plan:
Clear objectives: A well-designed lesson plan should have clear and specific learning

objectives. These objectives define what students are expected to learn or achieve by the end of

the lesson. They provide a sense of direction and focus for the teacher and students.

Alignment with curriculum standards: A good lesson plan aligns with the relevant curriculum

standards and learning goals. It ensures that the content and activities of the lesson are

appropriate and relevant to the curriculum requirements, enabling students to acquire the

necessary knowledge and skills.

Engaging and varied activities: A good lesson plan includes a variety of engaging activities

that cater to different learning styles and keep students actively involved. It may incorporate

group work, discussions, hands-on activities, multimedia resources, and other interactive

elements to make the learning experience more enjoyable and effective.

Clear instructions: A well-crafted lesson plan provides clear and concise instructions for both

the teacher and students. Instructions should be easy to understand, highlighting the steps to be

followed and any materials or resources needed for each activity.

Differentiation: A good lesson plan takes into account the diverse needs and abilities of students

in the classroom. It incorporates strategies for differentiation, such as providing additional

support for struggling students or extending the learning for those who are more advanced.

Differentiation ensures that all students can access and benefit from the lesson.

Assessment and feedback: An effective lesson plan includes opportunities for ongoing

assessment and feedback. It incorporates formative assessment strategies to monitor student

progress and understanding throughout the lesson. This feedback helps teachers adjust their

instruction and provides students with a clear understanding of their strengths and areas for

improvement.
Integration of technology: In today's digital age, a good lesson plan integrates appropriate

technology tools and resources to enhance learning. It may include the use of educational apps,

online simulations, videos, or interactive whiteboards to engage students and promote deeper

understanding.

Flexibility: A well-designed lesson plan allows for flexibility and adaptability. It recognizes that

unexpected situations may arise during the lesson and provides alternative strategies or activities

to address them. Flexibility ensures that teachers can respond to the needs of their students and

make necessary adjustments as required.

Time management: A good lesson plan includes a realistic and well-structured timeline. It

allocates sufficient time for each activity and ensures that the lesson progresses smoothly.

Effective time management helps maximize student engagement and learning opportunities

within the given class period.

Reflection and improvement: A quality lesson plan includes a section for reflection and

improvement. Teachers can evaluate the effectiveness of the lesson after implementation,

identify areas for improvement, and make necessary adjustments for future teaching.

By incorporating these qualities into their lesson plans, educators can create engaging,

purposeful, and effective learning experiences for their students.

Teaching Listening Skills

What is listening skills

Listening skill refers to the ability to receive, interpret, and understand spoken language or

auditory information effectively. It is a vital component of effective communication and plays a


crucial role in various aspects of our personal and professional lives. Developing good listening

skills allows individuals to comprehend and respond appropriately to verbal messages, thereby

fostering better understanding, empathy, and cooperation.

How to teach listening skills

Teaching listening skills is an important aspect of communication and language development.

Here are some effective strategies you can use to teach listening skills:

Create a supportive environment: Establish a positive and respectful classroom or learning

environment that encourages active listening. Minimize distractions, such as noise or visual

stimuli, to help students focus on the speaker.

Model good listening: Be a role model by demonstrating attentive listening skills. Maintain eye

contact with the speaker, use appropriate body language, and respond appropriately to show your

understanding and engagement.

Active listening activities: Engage students in various activities that promote active listening.

These activities can include:

a. Pair work: Assign students to work in pairs or small groups and provide them with specific

instructions or questions to discuss. Encourage active listening and taking turns to speak and

listen.

b. Listening exercises: Use audio or video clips, speeches, podcasts, or songs to provide listening

practice. Afterward, ask comprehension questions or engage in discussions to check

understanding.
c. Note-taking: Teach students effective note-taking strategies to help them actively engage with

the content and improve their listening skills. Guide them in identifying key points, main ideas,

and supporting details.

d. Role-playing: Engage students in role-playing activities where they listen to specific scenarios

and respond accordingly. This helps develop their listening comprehension and ability to

respond appropriately.

Reflective listening: Teach students the importance of reflective listening, which involves

paraphrasing or summarizing the speaker's message in their own words. Encourage them to ask

questions to clarify their understanding and show that they value the speaker's thoughts and

ideas.

Use visual aids: Visual aids, such as diagrams, charts, or pictures, can help enhance

comprehension and support listening skills. Display relevant visual aids during listening

activities to provide additional context and assist students in understanding the content.

Practice active listening outside the classroom: Encourage students to practice active listening

in their everyday lives. This can include actively listening to family members, friends, or even

public speakers. Discuss their experiences and challenges to provide guidance and feedback.

Provide feedback: Offer constructive feedback on students' listening skills. Focus on both their

strengths and areas for improvement. Provide specific suggestions for enhancing their listening

comprehension and active engagement.

Remember, teaching listening skills requires consistency and practice. By incorporating these

strategies into your teaching approach, you can help students develop effective listening skills,

which are crucial for communication and academic success.

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