22BHI10090 Embedded Practical File

Aditya Kolhe
22BHI10090
Embedded system Lab Practical
Q.1.
Study of complete instruction set of ARM processor:

1. The ARM processor instruction set includes the following types of
instructions:
2. Data processing instructions: These instructions perform arithmetic and
logical operations on data in the registers. Examples include ADD, SUB, AND,
ORR, EOR, etc.
3. Load and store instructions: These instructions transfer data between the
registers and memory. Examples include LDR, STR, LDM, STM, etc.
4. Branch instructions: These instructions change the flow of control in a
program. Examples include B, BL, BX, etc.
5. Multiply and divide instructions: These instructions perform multiplication
and division operations. Examples include MUL, MLA, SMLAL, etc.
6. Coprocessor instructions: These instructions are used to access the
coprocessor. Examples include CDP, MCR, MRC, etc.
An example code that demonstrates some of the ARM instruction set:
.global _start
_start:
mov r0, #1 // Move the value 1 into register r0
mov r1, #5 // Move the value 5 into register r1
add r2, r0, r1 // Add the values in r0 and r1 and store the result in r2
mov r0, #1 // Move the value 1 into register r0 (for write syscall)
mov r1, r2 // Move the value in r2 into register r1 (for write syscall)
mov r2, #14 // Move the value 14 into register r2 (for write syscall)
swi 0 // Call the SWI instruction to perform the write syscall
mov r0, #0 // Move the value 0 into register r0 (for exit syscall)
swi 0 // Call the SWI instruction to perform the exit syscall
Q.2.
AREA Arithmetic, CODE, READONLY

ENTRY
MOV R0, #10 ; Load the value 10 into R0
ADD R2, R0, R1 ; Add the values in R0 and R1 and store the result in
R2
SUB R4, R3, R2 ; Subtract the value in R2 from R3 and store the result in R4
SWI &11 ; Exit the program
END
OUTPUT:
Q.3.
AREA FlashLED, CODE, READONLY

ENTRY
LDR R0, =GPIO_BASE ; Load the base address of the GPIO port into R0
LDR R1, =GPIO_OUT ; Load the offset of the output register into R1
LDR R2, [R0, R1] ; Load the value of the output register into R2
EOR R2, R2, #1 ; Toggle the value of the LED bit in R2
STR R2, [R0, R1] ; Store the new value of the output register
MOV R3, #1000000 ; Load the delay value into R3
Delay SUBS R3, R3, #1 ; Decrement the delay value
BNE Delay ; Branch to Delay if the delay value is not zero
B FlashLED ; Branch to FlashLED to repeat the process
END
OUTPUT:
Q.4.
AREA CountBits, CODE, READONLY
ENTRY
MOV R0, #0x12345678 ; Load the 32-bit number into R0
MOV R1, #0 ; Initialize the count of zeros to zero
MOV R2, #0 ; Initialize the count of ones to zero
Count LSRS R3, R0, #1 ; Shift the bits of R0 to the right by one position
BCC Zero ; Branch to Zero if the carry flag is clear
ADD R2, R2, #1 ; Increment the count of ones
B Count ; Branch to Count to continue the process
Zero ADD R1, R1, #1 ; Increment the count of zeros
B Count ; Branch to Count to continue the process
SWI &11 ; Exit the program
END
OUTPUT:
Q.5.
AREA ADC, CODE, READONLY

ENTRY
LDR R0, =ADC_BASE ; Load the base address of the ADC into R0
L
OUTPUT:
Q.6.
#define PWM_PIN 12 // PWM pin connected to the DC motor

#define BUTTON_PIN 13 // Button pin to change the motor speed
int motor_speed = 0; // Variable to store the motor speed
void setup() {
pinMode(PWM_PIN, OUTPUT); // Set the PWM pin as output
pinMode(BUTTON_PIN, INPUT_PULLUP); // Set the button pin as input with
pull-up resistor
analogWrite(PWM_PIN, motor_speed); // Set the initial motor speed
}
void loop() {
if (digitalRead(BUTTON_PIN) == LOW) { // Check if the button is pressed
motor_speed += 10; // Increase the motor speed by 10
if (motor_speed > 255) { // Check if the motor speed is at maximum
motor_speed = 0; // Reset the motor speed to zero
}
analogWrite(PWM_PIN, motor_speed); // Set the new motor speed
delay(100); // Wait for 100 milliseconds
}
}
OUTPUT:
Q.7.
#include <SPI.h>
#include <MFRC522.h>
#define RST_PIN 9 // Reset pin connected to the RFID module

#define SS_PIN 10 // Slave select pin connected to the RFID module
MFRC522 rfid(SS_PIN, RST_PIN); // Create an instance of the MFRC522 library

void setup() {
Serial.begin(9600); // Initialize serial communication
SPI.begin(); // Initialize SPI communication
rfid.PCD_Init(); // Initialize the RFID module
}
void loop() {
if (rfid.PICC_IsNewCardPresent()) { // Check if a new card is present
if (rfid.PICC_ReadCardSerial()) { // Check if the card data can be read
Serial.print("UID: ");
for (int i = 0; i < rfid.uid.size; i++) { // Print the UID of the card
Serial.print(rfid.uid.uidByte[i] < 0x10 ? "0" : "");
Serial.print(rfid.uid.uidByte[i], HEX);
}
Serial.println();
rfid.PICC_HaltA(); // Halt the card
rfid.PCD_StopCrypto1(); // Stop encryption on the RFID module
}
}
}
OUTPUT:

22BHI10090 Embedded Practical File

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Aditya Kolhe

Study of complete instruction set of ARM processor:

An example code that demonstrates some of the ARM instruction set:

AREA Arithmetic, CODE, READONLY

AREA FlashLED, CODE, READONLY

AREA ADC, CODE, READONLY

#define PWM_PIN 12 // PWM pin connected to the DC motor

int motor_speed = 0; // Variable to store the motor speed

#define RST_PIN 9 // Reset pin connected to the RFID module

MFRC522 rfid(SS_PIN, RST_PIN); // Create an instance of the MFRC522 library

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