HW05 Ch06 OpenSystem

Chapter 06: First Law of Thermodynamics for an Open System (SSSF)
ME 210 – Thermodynamics I HW Set # 05-Spring 2014 Instructor: ‫عمار قويشة‬
Name(s) (up to 4 students per homework set):

Due: a.
In class, Tuesday b.
May 6, 2014 c.
d.
Conceptual Questions
a. Consider air passing through a compressor operating in a steady state. Would you expect the volume
flow rate of the air at the compressor exit to remain constant? Explain
b. Consider air flowing through an adiabatic nozzle operating in a steady state. Would you expect the
enthalpy of the air at the nozzle exit to increase? Explain
c. Consider air undergoing a steady-flow throttling process. Would you expect the temperature of the air at
the throttling device exit to decrease? Explain
Problem 1
a. A 1-m3 rigid tank initially contains air whose density is 1.18 kg/m3. The tank is connected to a high-
pressure supply line through a valve. The valve is opened, and air is allowed to enter the tank until the
density in the tank rises to 7.20 kg/m3. Determine the mass of air that has entered the tank. Answer: 6.02 kg
b. Air enters a 28-cm diameter pipe steadily at 200 kPa and 20°C with a velocity of 5 m/s. Air is heated as
it flows, and leaves the pipe at 180 kPa and 40°C. Determine
(i) the volume flow rate of air at the inlet, (ii) the mass flow
rate of air, and (iii) the velocity and volume flow rate at the
exit. (iv) What-if-scenario: How would your answers
change if the refrigerant R134a would flow instead of air under the same conditions? Explain.
Answers: Air: (i) 0.308 m3/s, (ii) 0.732 kg/s, (iii) 5.9 m/s, 0.36 m3/s, (iv) R134a: (i) 0.308 m3/s, (ii) 2.7 kg/s, (iii) 6.02 m/s, 0.371 m3/s
c. As shown, steam enters a turbine operating at steady state

with a volumetric flow rate of 236 m3/min through a
diameter of 1.5 m at 80 bar, 440°C. Twenty percent (20%)
of the entering mass flow exits through a diameter of 0.25
m at 60 bar, 400°C. The rest exits through a diameter of
1.5 m with a pressure of 0.7 bar and a quality of 90%.
(a) Determine the velocity at the inlet and exit ducts, in
m/s. (b) Assuming no heat transfer and no changes in potential energy, find the total turbine power
output, in MW. (c) What-if-scenario: How would the answer in (b) change if the kinetic energy effects
at the inlet and exits were neglected? Answers: (a) V1 = 2.23 m/s, V2 = 20.3 m/s , V3 = 101.3 m/s, (b) 69.5 MW, (c) 69.9 MW
Mechanical Engineering Department, The Univ of Tripoli Page 1

Problem 2
a. An air-conditioning system is shown in which air flows over tubes carrying Refrigerant 134a. Air enters
with a volumetric flow rate of 50 m3/min at 32°C, 1 bar, and exits at 22°C, 0.95 bar. Refrigerant enters
the tubes at 5 bar with a quality of 20% and exits at 5 bar, 20 ° C. Ignoring heat transfer at the outer
surface of the air conditioner, and neglecting kinetic and potential energy effects, determine at steady
state (i) the mass flow rate of the refrigerant, in kg/min. (ii) the rate of heat transfer, in kJ/min (iii) is it
reasonable to assume air behaves as an ideal gas? Answers: (i) 3.775 kg/min, (ii) ̇ = - 574 kJ/min
b. Consider a water pump that receives liquid water at 15°C, 100 kPa and delivers it to a same-diameter
short pipe having a nozzle with an exit diameter of 1 cm (0.01 m) to the atmosphere at 100 kPa, as
shown. Neglect the kinetic and potential energy effects in the pipes and assume constant specific internal
energy (u) for the water. Find (i) the exit velocity and (ii) the mass flow rate if the pump draws 1 kW of
power. Answers: (i) 29.43 m/s, (ii) 2.31 kg/s
c. A steam turbine receives water at 15 MPa, 600°C at a rate of

100 kg/s, as shown. In the middle section 20 kg/s is withdrawn
at 2 MPa, 350°C and the rest exits the turbine at 75 kPa, with
95% quality. Assuming no heat transfer and no changes in
kinetic and potential energies, find the total power output of the
turbine, in MW.
Answer: 92 MW

d. As shown in the figure, Nitrogen (N2)

modeled as an ideal gas flows through the
compressor and heat exchanger with a
mass flow rate of 0.25 kg/s. The power
input to the compressor is 50 kW. A
separate cooling stream of helium,
modeled as an ideal gas with k = 1.67,
also flows through the heat exchanger.
Stray heat transfer with the surroundings
and kinetic and potential energy effects are negligible. Determine the mass flow rate of the helium, in
kg/s. The power input to the compressor is 50 kW. Answer: 0.041 kg/s
e. As shown, Refrigerant 134a enters the flash

chamber operating at steady state at 10 bar,
368°C, with a mass flow rate of 482 kg/hr.
Saturated liquid and saturated vapor exit as
separate streams, each at P = 4 bar. Heat
transfer to the surroundings and kinetic and
potential energy effects can be ignored.
Determine the mass flow rates of the exiting
streams, each in kg/hr. Answers: 385.1 kg/hr, 96.9 kg/hr
f. Saturated liquid Refrigerant 134a enters the valve at T1 = 36°C with a mass flow rate of 0.26 kg/s and is
throttled to T2 = -8°C. The refrigerant
then enters the heat exchanger,
exiting as saturated vapor with no
significant decrease in pressure. In a
separate stream, liquid water enters
the heat exchanger at T4 = 20°C and
exits as a liquid at T5 = 10°C. Stray
heat transfer and kinetic and potential energy effects can be ignored. For operation at steady-state,
determine (a) the pressure at state 2, in kPa, and (b) the mass flow rate of the liquid water stream, in
kg/s. Answers: (a) 217.04 kPa, (b) 0.88 kg/s

g. A hot industrial waste water at 15 bar, 180°C

with a mass flow rate of 5 kg/s enters a flash
chamber via a valve. Saturated vapor and
saturated liquid streams, each at 4 bar, exit the
flash chamber. The saturated vapor enters the
turbine and expands to 0.08 bar, x = 90%. Stray
heat transfer and kinetic and potential energy
effects are negligible. For operation at steady state, determine (a) the mass flow rate entering the turbine
and (b) the power, in hp, developed by the turbine. Answers: (a) 0.371 kg, (b) 149.1 kW ≈ 200 hp
Challenge Problem
For the simple steam power plant shown, water as a working fluid undergoes 4 processes in series:
Process 1–2: Adiabatic expansion of the water through the turbine from saturated vapor at 8.0 MPa (state 1) to
the condenser pressure of 0.008 MPa and quality of 76.45% (state 2.)
Process 2–3: Heat transfer from the

water as it flows at constant pressure through
the condenser with saturated liquid at at a
pressure of 0.008 MPa (state 3.)
Process 3–4: Adiabatic compression in the
pump to a pressure of 8.0 MPa (state 4.)
Process 3–4: Heat transfer = 267.5 MW

to the water as it flows at constant pressure
through the boiler to complete the cycle. The
power output developed by the turbine is 0.1
MW. Determine for the cycle,
(a) the mass flow rate of water, in kg/hr.
(b) the rate of heat transfer, , from the condensing steam as it passes through the condenser, in MW
(c) the power input to the pump, in kW.

(d) the mass flow rate of the condenser cooling water, in kg/ hr, if cooling water enters the condenser at
15°C and exits at 35°C. Answers: (a) 3.74 × 105 kg/hr (103.8 kg/s) , (b) -168.3 MW, (c) -728.7 kW, (d) 7.2 × 106 kg/hr

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Chapter 06: First Law of Thermodynamics for an Open System (SSSF)

ME 210 – Thermodynamics I HW Set # 05-Spring 2014 Instructor: ‫عمار قويشة‬

Name(s) (up to 4 students per homework set):

c. As shown, steam enters a turbine operating at steady state

Mechanical Engineering Department, The Univ of Tripoli Page 1

c. A steam turbine receives water at 15 MPa, 600°C at a rate of

Mechanical Engineering Department, The Univ of Tripoli Page 2

d. As shown in the figure, Nitrogen (N2)

e. As shown, Refrigerant 134a enters the flash

Mechanical Engineering Department, The Univ of Tripoli Page 3

g. A hot industrial waste water at 15 bar, 180°C

Process 2–3: Heat transfer from the

Process 3–4: Heat transfer = 267.5 MW

(c) the power input to the pump, in kW.

Mechanical Engineering Department, The Univ of Tripoli Page 4

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