DONE BY:

NAME : S.PRAVEEN
CLASS:11-A2
SUBJECT:ENGLISH
Privacy is not a new concept. It existed before the era of the
current telecommunications networks and technologies (Tavani, 1999).
Privacy is a natural action or reaction of individuals as one of their rights in
public (Lin and Loui, 1998). For example, sealing an envelope or closing the
door reminds us of privacy (Stefik, 1999). The evolving and rapid
advancement of new technologies such as the telecommunication networks
and in particular, the Internet, especially, after Berners-Lee presented a project
in 1991 to permit links to be created to any information anywhere, are
known today as the “WorldWideWeb (WWW)” (Rhyno, 2003). The use of the
Internet has increased rapidly. The Internet is now considered a part of our daily
lives (Paine et al., 2006b). The privacy concerns of Internet users have increased
and the signs of these concerns started to appear from the middle of the
1990s after the commercial development of the WWW browser in 1994 (Kruck
et al., 2002). This essay is going to present the meaning of privacy and the
implications of it for Internet users. Also, this essay will demonstrate some of
the issues that are presented in the literature, as well as exploring different
authors’ perspectives on Internet and Privacy concerns. What is Privacy There are
lots of authors who have attempted to define privacy in the literature, and
theories covering several privacy issues have presented privacy as non- intrusion,
the control of information, and restricted access, along with other issues.
However, the concept of privacy is hard to understand and is not easy to
define (Tavani, 1999), because this concept is linked with several dimensions
such as the personal body, personal behaviour and currently, personal
communications and personal information (Clarke, 1999). These dimensions are
governed by certain laws and policies which form the dimensions based in
these laws and policy legislations.
The internet plays a huge role in our everyday lives. It goes far beyond Instant
Messaging and uploading posts on Facebook, everything from banking to
commercial flights rely heavily on the internet. In a time where almost everything
seems to be done “online”, it raises the question of who is managing our data? It
all comes down to data, every transaction you make, every email you send is data.
Who decides where this data is stored and how to access it? Can you decide not to
share your data with anyone? If you do decide this, are there companies that
quietly steal your data. The focus of this study is to understand how companies
offering services over the internet handle privacy concerns of their users, and to
understand if privacy is a major concern of the users of such services. The NHS,
which stands for the National Health Service based in the U.K., released a Covid-19
contact tracing app to help in the fight against coronavirus in the U.K. The release
of this app was not welcome with open arms as many residents voiced their
concerns on social media, majorly about their privacy

In 2013, Edward Joseph Snowden leaked highly classified information from the
NSA (National Security Agency). The information he released showed the US
government was involved in numerous global surveillance operations. This
showed that the government was actively monitoring and recording the online
activities of not just its citizens, but the global community. While many praised
Edward for his ‘bravery’, calling him a hero for exposing huge privacy issues, there
are those who call him a traitor. This highlighted the fact that there is a delicate
balance between protecting the nation (keeping an eye on online activities on the
lookout for potential threats) and invading the privacy of individuals. The US
government accused Snowden of threatening national security and damaging
their intelligence capabilities. In a research paper, Stefan et al. [3] said “Edward
Snowden’s leaks regarding the collection of data and the working practices of
American intelligence agencies have created upheaval in the international
political arena, angered citizens in dozens of countries and in some cases severely
strained relations between their governments and the United States.”
Internet and digital privacy are viewed differently from traditional expectations of
privacy. Internet privacy is primarily concerned with protecting user information.
Law Professor Jerry Kang explains that the term privacy expresses space, decision,
and information.[8] In terms of space, individuals have an expectation that their
physical spaces (e.g. homes, cars) not be intruded. Information privacy is in
regards to the collection of user information from a variety of sources.[8]
In the United States, the 1997 Information Infrastructure Task Force (IITF) created
under President Clinton defined information privacy as "an individual's claim to
control the terms under which personal information — information identifiable to
the individual — is acquired, disclosed, and used."[9] At the end of the 1990s, with
the rise of the internet, it became clear that governments, companies, and other
organizations would need to abide by new rules to protect individuals' privacy.
With the rise of the internet and mobile networks internet privacy is a daily
concern for users. People with only a casual concern for Internet privacy need not
achieve total anonymity. Internet users may protect their privacy through
controlled disclosure of personal information. The revelation of IP addresses, non-
personally-identifiable profiling, and similar information might become
acceptable trade-offs for the convenience that users could otherwise lose using
the workarounds needed to suppress such details rigorously. On the other hand,
some people desire much stronger privacy. In that case, they may try to
achieve Internet anonymity to ensure privacy — use of the Internet without giving
any third parties the ability to link the Internet activities to personally-identifiable
information of the Internet user. In order to keep their information private,
people need to be careful with what they submit to and look at online. When
filling out forms and buying merchandise, information is tracked and because it
was not private, some companies send Internet users spam and advertising on
similar products.

Internet privacy is a growing concern with children and the content they are able
to view. Aside from that, many concerns for the privacy of email, the vulnerability
of internet users to have their internet usage tracked, and the collection of
personal information also exist. These concerns have begun to bring the issues of
internet privacy before the courts and judges.
Internet privacy even today is a huge deal. The importance of your data and how
much it means to tech companies have been highlighted. With the increase in the
amount of IoT devices being used and produced every year, there is an increase in
the amount of data being produced as well. Most of this data is essential for these
devices to function effectively. A smart car, for example, will collect data daily
about its surroundings, other cars around it, route data, and many more. In most
cases, this data is not used for anything malicious, it can be studied to understand
human patterns, provide personalised ads which generally make life easier for
people. This has also highlighted how easy it can be for this stored data to be used
for malicious reasons, sold to the highest bidder for instance. Most individuals do
not know much about internet privacy laws, how much of their data they willingly
give away, or the fact that they can choose not to share. For most individuals, what
is most important is ease of use. An important question was raised in the
introduction of this paper, who is responsible for protecting an individual’s privacy
online? Equal responsibility should be shared between the government, companies
and individuals. Everyone has a role to play to ensure that privacy is secure. There
is the need to educate individuals, and even private corporations about privacy, so
they can understand the risks involved and be able to take measures to protect
themselves. A suggestion is to include a subject in the curriculum for either college
or secondary school students that focuses on privacy online and the laws that
govern and protect them. This way, people grow up with the knowledge of what
happens whenever they go online. Another would be the IT industry needs to
develop more user-friendly technology, that will make it easier for users to decide
and adjust just how much data they are willing to share at any given point, and to
let them know what, why and how this data will be used and if they can withdraw
consent later.

/en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_privacy#Children_and_internet_privacy
https://escholarship.org/content/qt37x3z12g/qt37x3z12g.pdf
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/347362107_INTERNET_PRIVACY_IN_2
020/link/5fda41f192851c13fe909c0e/download
1.WHAT IS INTERNET PRIVACY?
Internet privacy involves the right or mandate of personal privacy concerning the
storing, re-purposing, provision to third parties, and displaying of information
pertaining to oneself via Internet. Internet privacy is a subset of data privacy.
2.WHAT ARE THE 3 MAJOR ISSUES?
Information mishandling, snooping and location tracking are often the ways in
which users find their privacy violated online.
3.WHY IS INTERNET PRIVACY IMPORTANT?
Internet privacy is important because it gives you control over your identity and
personal information. Without that control, anyone with the intention and means
can manipulate your identity to serve their goals, whether it is selling you a more
expensive vacation or stealing your savings.
4.WHAT ARE THE 4 FUNCTIONS OF INTERNET PRIVACY?
According to Westin, the four dimensions of privacy perform four functions,
which are personal autonomy, emotional release, self-evaluation, and limited and
protected communication
5.WHAT IS THE PRINCIPLE OF PRIVACY?
Security – Organizations must have safeguards to protect personal
information. Accuracy, Completeness, Quality – This principle specifies that
organizations in possession of personal information are responsible for ensuring
its accuracy, completeness, and quality.