Design Wind Speed

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4 The liability of a building to high wind pressures depends not only upon the geographical location and
proximity of other obstructions to air flow but also upon the characteristics of the structure itself. 6.3
Design Wind Speed (V,) 875 (Part 3) : 2015 The basic wind speed (,) for any site shall be obtained from
Fig. 1 and shail be modified to include the following effects to get design wind speed, V, at any height z,
for the chosen structure: 5.5 The effect of wind on the structure as a whole is determined by the
combined action of external and internal pressures acting upon it. In all cases, the calculated wind loads
act normal to the surface to which they apply. 5,6 The stability calculations as a whole shall be done
considering the combined effect, as well as separate effects of imposed loads and wind loads on vertical
surfaces, roofs and other part of the building above general roof level. 5.7 to Buildings shall also be
designed with due attention the effects of wind on the comfort of people inside and outside the
buildings. 6 6.1 In WIND SPEED Nature of Wind in Atmosphere general, wind speed in the atmospheric
boundary layer increases with height from zero at ground level to maximum at a height called the
gradient height. There is usually a slight change in direction (Ekman effect) but this is ignored in this
standard. The variation with height depends primarily on the terrain conditions. However, the wind
speed at any height never remains constant and it has been found convenient to resolve its
instantaneous magnitude into an average or mean value and a fluctuating component around this
average value. The average value depends on the average time employed in analyzing the
meteorological data and this averaging time varies from few seconds to several minutes. Tie magnitude
of fluctuating component of the wind speed which is called gust, depends on the averaging time. In
general, _ smaller the averaging interval, more is the magnitude of the gust speed, 6.2 .BASIC WIND
SPEED Figure 1 gives basic wind speed map of India, as applicable to 10 m height above mean ground
level for different zones of the country. Basic wind speed is based on peak gust velocity averaged over a
short time interval of about 3 s and corresponds to mean heights above ground level in an open terrain
(Category 2). Basic wind speeds presented in Fig. 1 have been worked out for a 50 year return period.
Basic wind speed for some important cities/towns is also given in _ Annex A. a) b) c} d) It Risk level,
Terrain roughness and height of structure, Local topography, and Importance factor for the cyclonic
region. can be mathematically expressed as follows: V= Vi hy hy bh, where ¥, k, &, k, k, = = = = = be
design wind speed at height z, in m/s; probability factor (risk coefficient) (see 6.3.1); terrain roughness
and height factor (see 6.3.2); topography factor (see 6.3.3); and importance factér for the cyclonic
region " (see 6.3.4). NOTE —- Wind speed may be taken as constant up to a height of 10 m. However,
pressures for buildings less than 10 m high may reduced by 20 percent for evaluating stability and design
of the framing. 10 m 6.3.1 Risk Coefficient (k, Factor) —- Figure 1 gives basic wind speeds for terrain
Category 2 as applicable at above ground level based on 50 years mean return period. The suggested life
period to be assumed in design and the corresponding 4, factors for different class of structures for the
purpose of design are given in Table 1, In the design of buildings and structures, a regional basic wind
speed having a mean return period of 50 years shall be used except as specified in the note of Table 1.
6.3.2 Terrain, Height Factor (k, Factor) 6.3.2.1 Terrain Selection of terrain categories shall be made with
due regard to the effect of obstructions which constitute the ground surface roughness, The terrain
category used in the design of a structure may vary depending on the direction of wind under
consideration. Wherever sufficient meteorological information is available about . the nature of wind
direction, the orientation of any building or structure may be suitably planned. Terrain in which a
specific structure stands shall be assessed as being one of the following terrain categories: a) Category 1
— Exposed open terrain with few or no obstructions and in which the average

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