tr1 [250 marks]

1. Helen is building a cabin using cylindrical logs of length 2.4 m and radius [4 marks]
8.4 cm. A wedge is cut from one log and the cross-section of this log is
illustrated in the following diagram.

Find the volume of this log.

Markscheme
volume = 240 (π × 8.42 − 1
2 × 8.42 × 0.872664 …) M1M1M1
Note: Award M1 240 × area, award M1 for correctly substituting area sector
formula, award M1 for subtraction of their area of the sector from area of
circle.
= 45800 (= 45811.96071) A1
[4 marks]
 Ollie has installed security lights on the side of his house that are activated by a
sensor. The sensor is located at point C directly above point D. The area covered
by the sensor is shown by the shaded region enclosed by triangle ABC. The
distance from A to B is 4.5 m and the distance from B to C is 6 m. Angle ACB is
15°.

2a. Find CAB. [3 marks]

 Markscheme
∧
sin C A B sin 15∘
6
= 4.5
(M1)(A1)
CAB = 20.2º (20.187415…) A1
Note: Award (M1) for substituted sine rule formula and award (A1) for
correct substitutions.
[3 marks]

2b. Point B on the ground is 5 m from point E at the entrance to Ollie’s [5 marks]
house. He is 1.8 m tall and is standing at point D, below the sensor. He
walks towards point B.
Find the distance Ollie is from the entrance to his house when he first
activates the sensor.
 Markscheme
∧
C B D = 20.2 + 15 = 35.2∘ A1
(let X be the point on BD where Ollie activates the sensor)
1.8
tan 35.18741 …∘ = BX
(M1)
∧
Note: Award A1 for their correct angle C B D. Award M1 for correctly
substituted trigonometric formula.
BX = 2.55285 … A1
5 − 2.55285 … (M1)
= 2.45 (m) (2.44714…) A1
[5 marks]

A farmer owns a triangular field ABC . The length of side [AB] is 85 m and side
[AC] is 110 m. The angle between these two sides is 55°.

3a. Find the area of the field. [3 marks]

 Markscheme
* This sample question was produced by experienced DP mathematics senior
examiners to aid teachers in preparing for external assessment in the new
MAA course. There may be minor differences in formatting compared to
formal exam papers.
1
Area = 2 × 110 × 85 × sin 55° (M1)(A1)
= 3830(3829. 53 …)m2 A1
Note: units must be given for the final A1 to be awarded.
[3 marks]

3b. The farmer would like to divide the field into two equal parts by [6 marks]
constructing a straight fence from A to a point D on [BC].
Find BD. Fully justify any assumptions you make.
 Markscheme
BC2 = 1102 + 852 − 2 × 110 × 85 × cos 55° (M1)A1
BC = 92. 7(92. 7314 …)(m) A1
METHOD 1
Because the height and area of each triangle are equal they must have the
same length base R1
D must be placed half-way along BC A1
92.731…
BD = 2 ≈ 46. 4(m) A1
Note: the final two marks are dependent on the R1 being awarded.
METHOD 2
Let CB̂A = θ°
sin θ sin55°
110
= 92.731…
M1

⇒ θ = 76. 3°(76. 3354 …)

Use of area formula
1 3829.53…
2 × 85 × BD × sin(76. 33 … °)= 2 A1

BD = 46. 4(46. 365 …)(m) A1

[6 marks]

4. The front view of a doghouse is made up of a square with an isosceles [5 marks]

triangle on top.
The doghouse is 1. 35 m high and 0. 9 m wide, and sits on a square base.
The top of the rectangular surfaces of the roof of the doghouse are to be painted.
Find the area to be painted.
Markscheme
height of triangle at roof = 1. 35 − 0. 9 = 0. 45 (A1)

Note: Award A1 for 0. 45 (height of triangle) seen on the diagram.

slant height = √0. 452 + 0. 452 OR sin(45°)= 0.45

slant height
(M1)

= √0. 405 (0. 636396 … , 0. 45√2) A1

0.45
Note: If using sin(45°)= then (A1) for angle of 45°, (M1) for a
slant height
correct trig statement.

area of one rectangle on roof = √0. 405 × 0. 9 (= 0. 572756 …) M1

area painted =(2 × √0. 405 × 0. 9 = 2 × 0. 572756 …)

1. 15 m2 (1. 14551 … m2 , 0. 81√2 m2 ) A1

[5 marks]
 A vertical pole stands on horizontal ground. The bottom of the pole is taken as the
origin, O , of a coordinate system in which the top, F, of the pole has coordinates
(0, 0, 5. 8). All units are in metres.

The pole is held in place by ropes attached at F.

One of the ropes is attached to the ground at a point A with coordinates
(3. 2, 4. 5, 0). The rope forms a straight line from A to F.

5a. Find the length of the rope connecting A to F. [2 marks]

Markscheme
√3. 22 + 4. 52 + 5. 82 (M1)
= 8. 01 (8. 00812 …) m A1

[2 marks]

FÂO
5b. Find FÂO, the angle the rope makes with the ground. [2 marks]

Markscheme
FÂO = sin−1 ( 8.00812…
5.8
) OR cos−1 ( 5.52177…
8.00812…
5.8
) OR tan−1 ( 5.52177… )
(M1)
46. 4° (46. 4077 … °) A1

[2 marks]
 The straight metal arm of a windscreen wiper on a car rotates in a circular motion
from a pivot point, O , through an angle of 140°. The windscreen is cleared by a
rubber blade of length 46 cm that is attached to the metal arm between points A
and B. The total length of the metal arm, OB, is 56 cm .
The part of the windscreen cleared by the rubber blade is shown unshaded in the
following diagram.

6a. Calculate the length of the arc made by B, the end of the rubber blade. [2 marks]

Markscheme
attempt to substitute into length of arc formula (M1)
140°
360°
× 2π × 56
392π
137 cm (136. 833 … , 9
cm) A1

[2 marks]
6b. Determine the area of the windscreen that is cleared by the rubber [3 marks]
blade.

Markscheme
subtracting two substituted area of sectors formulae (M1)

( 140
360°
°
× π × 562 )−( 140
360°
°
× π × 102 ) OR 140°
360°
× π ×(562 − 102 ) (A1)

3710 cm 2 (3709. 17 … cm 2 ) A1

[3 marks]
 The owner of a convenience store installs two security cameras, represented by
points C1 and C2. Both cameras point towards the centre of the store’s cash
register, represented by the point R.
The following diagram shows this information on a cross-section of the store.

The cameras are positioned at a height of 3. 1 m , and the horizontal distance

between the cameras is 6. 4 m. The cash register is sitting on a counter so that its
centre, R, is 1. 0 m above the floor.
The distance from Camera 1 to the centre of the cash register is 2. 8 m.

7a. Determine the angle of depression from Camera 1 to the centre of the [2 marks]
cash register. Give your answer in degrees.

Markscheme
2.1 2.1
sin θ = 2.8
OR tan θ = 1.85202…
(M1)

(θ =) 48. 6° (48. 5903 … °) A1

[2 marks]

2
7b. Calculate the distance from Camera 2 to the centre of the cash register. [4 marks]
Markscheme
METHOD 1
√2. 82 − 2. 12 OR 2. 8 cos(48. 5903 …) OR 2.1
(M1)
tan ( 48.5903… )

Note: Award M1 for attempt to use Pythagorean Theorem with 2. 1 seen or for
attempt to use cosine or tangent ratio.

1. 85 (m) (1. 85202 …) (A1)

Note: Award the M1A1 if 1. 85 is seen in part (a).

(6. 4 − 1. 85202 …)
4. 55 m (4. 54797 …) (A1)

Note: Award A1 for 4. 55 or equivalent seen, either as a separate calculation

or in Pythagorean Theorem.

√(4. 54797 …)2 + 2. 12

5. 01 m (5. 00939 … m) A1

METHOD 2
attempt to use cosine rule (M1)
(c2 =) 2. 82 + 6. 42 − 2(2. 8)(6. 4) cos (48. 5903 …) (A1)(A1)

Note: Award A1 for 48. 5903. . . ° substituted into cosine rule formula, A1 for
correct substitution.

(c =) 5. 01 m (5. 00939 … m) A1

[4 marks]
7c. Without further calculation, determine which camera has the largest [2 marks]
angle of depression to the centre of the cash register. Justify your
response.

Markscheme
camera 1 is closer to the cash register (than camera 2 and both cameras are
at the same height on the wall) R1
the larger angle of depression is from camera 1 A1

Note: Do not award R0A1. Award R0A0 if additional calculations are

completed and used in their justification, as per the question. Accept “
1. 85 < 4. 55” or “2. 8 < 5. 01” as evidence for the R1.

[2 marks]
 A vertical pole stands on a sloped platform. The bottom of the pole is used as the
origin, O , of a coordinate system in which the top, F, of the pole has coordinates
(0, 0, 5. 8). All units are in metres.

The pole is held in place by ropes attached at F.

One of these ropes is attached to the platform at point A(3. 2, 4. 5, − 0. 3). The
rope forms a straight line from A to F.

8a. −−→ [1 mark]

Find AF .

Markscheme
⎛ −3. 2 ⎞
⎜ −4. 5 ⎟ A1
⎝ 6. 1 ⎠

[1 mark]
8b. Find the length of the rope. [2 marks]

Markscheme
√(−3. 2)2 + (−4. 5)2 + 6. 12 (M1)

8. 22800 … ≈ 8. 23 m A1

[2 marks]

FÂO
8c. Find FÂO, the angle the rope makes with the platform. [5 marks]
Markscheme
EITHER

−−→ ⎛
−3. 2 ⎞
AO =⎜ −4. 5 ⎟ A1
⎝ 0. 3 ⎠
−−→ −− →
AO⋅AF
cos θ = ∣ −−→ ∣ ∣ −−
→∣
∣ AO ∣ ∣ AF ∣
∣ ∣∣ ∣
−−→ −−→
AO ⋅ AF = (−3. 2)2 + (−4. 5)2 +(0. 3 × 6. 1) (= 32. 32) (A1)
32.32
cos θ = (M1)
√3.2 +4.5 +0.32×8.22800…
2 2

= 0. 710326 … (A1)

−−→ −−→
Note: If OA is used in place of AO then cos θ will be negative.
Award A1(A1)(M1)(A1) as above. In order to award the final A1 , some
justification for changing the resulting obtuse angle to its supplementary angle
must be seen.

OR

AO = √3. 22 + 4. 52 + 0. 32 (= 5. 52991 …) (A1)

8.22800…2+5.52991…2−5.82
cos θ = 2×8.22800…×5.52991…
(M1)(A1)
= 0. 710326 … (A1)

THEN
θ = 0. 780833 … ≈ 0. 781 OR 44. 7384 … ° ≈ 44. 7° A1

[5 marks]

OAB O
 The diagram shows a sector, OAB, of a circle with centre O and radius r, such
that AÔB = θ.

Sam measured the value of r to be 2 cm and the value of θ to be 30°.

9a. Use Sam’s measurements to calculate the area of the sector. Give your [2 marks]
answer to four significant figures.

Markscheme
π × 22 × 30
360
(M1)

= 1. 047 cm 2 A1

Note: Do not award the final mark if the answer is not correct to 4 sf.

[2 marks]
 It is found that Sam’s measurements are accurate to only one significant figure.

9b. Find the upper bound and lower bound of the area of the sector. [3 marks]

Markscheme
attempt to substitute any two values from 1. 5, 2. 5, 25 or 35 into area of
sector formula (M1)
(upper bound = π × 2. 52 × 35
360
=) 1. 91 cm 2 (1. 90895 …) A1

(lower bound = π × 1. 52 × 25
360
=) 0. 491 cm 2 (0. 490873 …) A1

Note: Given the nature of the question, accept correctly rounded OR correctly
truncated 3 significant figure answers.

[3 marks]
9c. Find, with justification, the largest possible percentage error if the [3 marks]
answer to part (a) is recorded as the area of the sector.

Markscheme
(∣∣ 1.047−1.90895…
1.90895…
∣∣×100 =) 45. 2 (%) (45. 1532 …) A1

(∣∣ 1.047−0.490873…
0.490873…
∣∣×100 =) 113 (%) (113. 293 …) A1

so the largest percentage error is 113 % A1

Note: Accept 45. 1 (%) (45. 1428), from use of full accuracy answers. Given
the nature of the question, accept correctly rounded OR correctly truncated 3
significant figure answers. Award A0A1A0 if 113% is the only value found.

[3 marks]

O 4. 5 m
 A sector of a circle, centre O and radius 4. 5 m, is shown in the following diagram.

10a. Find the angle AÔB. [3 marks]

Markscheme
( 12 AÔB =) arccos( 4.5
4
)= 27. 266 … (M1)(A1)
AÔB = 54. 532 … ≈ 54. 5° (0. 951764 … ≈ 0. 952 radians) A1

Note: Other methods may be seen; award (M1)(A1) for use of a correct
trigonometric method to find an appropriate angle and then A1 for the correct
answer.

[3 marks]
10b. Find the area of the shaded segment. [5 marks]
Markscheme
finding area of triangle
EITHER
1
area of triangle = 2 × 4. 52 × sin(54. 532 …) (M1)

Note: Award M1 for correct substitution into formula.

= 8. 24621 … ≈ 8. 25 m2 (A1)
OR

AB = 2 × √4. 52 − 42 = 4. 1231 …
4.1231…×4
area triangle = 2 (M1)

= 8. 24621 … ≈ 8. 25 m2 (A1)

finding area of sector

EITHER
54.532…
area of sector = 360
× π × 4. 52 (M1)

= 9. 63661 … ≈ 9. 64 m2 (A1)
OR
1
area of sector = 2 × 0. 9517641 … × 4. 52 (M1)

= 9. 63661 … ≈ 9. 64 m2 (A1)

THEN
area of segment = 9. 63661 … − 8. 24621 …
= 1. 39 m2 (1. 39040 …) A1

[5 marks]

8m
 A square field with side 8 m has a goat tied to a post in the centre by a rope such
that the goat can reach all parts of the field up to 4. 5 m from the post.

[Source: mynamepong, n.d. Goat [image online] Available at: https://thenounproject.com/term/goat/1761571/

This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported (CC BY-SA 3.0)
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/deed.en [Accessed 22 April 2010] Source adapted.]

10c. Find the area of a circle with radius 4. 5 m. [2 marks]

Markscheme
π × 4. 52 (M1)
63. 6 m2 (63. 6172 … m2 ) A1

[2 marks]
10d. Find the area of the field that can be reached by the goat. [3 marks]
Markscheme
METHOD 1

4 × 1. 39040. . . (5. 56160) (A1)

subtraction of four segments from area of circle (M1)
= 58. 1 m2 (58. 055 … ) A1

METHOD 2
4(0. 5 × 4. 52 × sin 54. 532 …)+4( 35.4679
360
× π × 4. 52 ) (M1)
= 32. 9845 … + 25. 0707 (A1)
= 58. 1 m2 (58. 055 … ) A1

[3 marks]
 Let V be the volume of grass eaten by the goat, in cubic metres, and t be the
length of time, in hours, that the goat has been in the field.
The goat eats grass at the rate of ddV = 0. 3 te−t .
t

10e. Find the value of t at which the goat is eating grass at the greatest rate. [2 marks]

Markscheme
d2 V
sketch of ddV OR dV
dt
= 0. 110363 … OR attempt to find where =0
t d t2
(M1)
t = 1 hour A1

[2 marks]
 The Voronoi diagram below shows four supermarkets represented by points with
coordinates A(0, 0), B(6, 0), C(0, 6) and D(2, 2). The vertices X, Y, Z are also
shown. All distances are measured in kilometres.

11a. Find the midpoint of [BD] . [2 marks]

Markscheme
( 2+6
2 , 2 )
2+0
(M1)

(4, 1) A1

Note: Award A0 if parentheses are omitted in the final answer.

[2 marks]

(XZ)
11b. Find the equation of (XZ). [4 marks]

Markscheme
attempt to substitute values into gradient formula (M1)

( 0−2
6−2
=)− 12 (A1)

therefore the gradient of perpendicular bisector is 2 (M1)

so y − 1 = 2(x − 4) (y = 2x − 7) A1

[4 marks]

(XY) = 2− (YZ) = 0. 5 + 3. 5
 The equation of (XY) is y = 2 − x and the equation of (YZ) is y = 0. 5x + 3. 5.

11c. Find the coordinates of X. [3 marks]

Markscheme
identifying the correct equations to use: (M1)
y = 2 − x and y = 2x − 7
evidence of solving their correct equations or of finding intersection point
graphically (M1)
(3, − 1) A1

Note: Accept an answer expressed as “x = 3, y = −1”.

[3 marks]

Y (−1, 3) Z (7, 7)
 The coordinates of Y are (−1, 3) and the coordinates of Z are (7, 7).

11d. Determine the exact length of [YZ]. [2 marks]

Markscheme
attempt to use distance formula (M1)

YZ = √(7 −(−1))2 + (7 − 3)2

= √80 (4√5) A1

[2 marks]

[XY] √32 XŶZ

11e. Given that the exact length of [XY] is √32, find the size of XŶZ in [4 marks]
degrees.
Markscheme
METHOD 1 (cosine rule)

length of XZ is √80 (4√5, 8. 94427 …) (A1)

Note: Accept 8. 94 and 8. 9.

attempt to substitute into cosine rule (M1)

cos XŶZ = 80+32−80
(= 0. 316227 …) (A1)
2×√80√32

Note: Award A1 for correct substitution of XZ, YZ, √32 values in the cos
rule. Exact values do not need to be used in the substitution.

(XŶZ =) 71. 6° (71. 5650 … °) A1

Note: Last A1 mark may be lost if prematurely rounded values of XZ, YZ

and/or XY are used.

METHOD 2 (splitting isosceles triangle in half)

length of XZ is √80 (4√5, 8. 94427 …) (A1)

Note: Accept 8. 94 and 8. 9.

cos−1 ( )
√32
required angle is (M1)(A1)
2√80

√32
Note: Award A1 for correct substitution of XZ (or YZ), 2 values in the cos
rule. Exact values do not need to be used in the substitution.

(XŶZ =) 71. 6° (71. 5650 … °) A1

Note: Last A1 mark may be lost if prematurely rounded values of XZ, YZ

and/or XY are used.

[4 marks]

XYZ
11f. Hence find the area of triangle XYZ. [2 marks]

Markscheme
(area =) 12 √80√32 sin 71. 5650 … OR (area =) 12 √32√72 (M1)

= 24 km2 A1

[2 marks]

A town planner believes that the larger the area of the Voronoi cell XYZ, the
more people will shop at supermarket D.

11g. State one criticism of this interpretation. [1 mark]

 Markscheme
Any sensible answer such as:
There might be factors other than proximity which influence shopping choices.
A larger area does not necessarily result in an increase in population.
The supermarkets might be specialized / have a particular clientele who visit
even if other shops are closer.
Transport links might not be represented by Euclidean distances.
etc. R1

[1 mark]

12a. Find the angle AÔB. [3 marks]

 Markscheme
( 12 AÔB =) arccos( 4.5
4
)= 27. 266 … (M1)(A1)
AÔB = 54. 532 … ≈ 54. 5° (0. 951764 … ≈ 0. 952 radians) A1

Note: Other methods may be seen; award (M1)(A1) for use of a correct
trigonometric method to find an appropriate angle and then A1 for the correct
answer.

[3 marks]

12b. Find the area of the shaded segment. [5 marks]

Markscheme
finding area of triangle
EITHER
1
area of triangle = 2 × 4. 52 × sin(54. 532 …) (M1)

Note: Award M1 for correct substitution into formula.

= 8. 24621 … ≈ 8. 25 m2 (A1)
OR

AB = 2 × √4. 52 − 42 = 4. 1231 … (M1)

4.1231…×4
area triangle = 2
= 8. 24621 … ≈ 8. 25 m2 (A1)

finding area of sector

EITHER
54.532…
area of sector = 360
× π × 4. 52 (M1)

= 9. 63661 … ≈ 9. 64 m2 (A1)
OR
1
area of sector = 2 × 0. 9517641 … × 4. 52 (M1)

= 9. 63661 … ≈ 9. 64 m2 (A1)

THEN
area of segment = 9. 63661 … − 8. 24621 …
= 1. 39 m2 (1. 39040 …) A1

[5 marks]
12c. Find the area of the field that can be reached by the goat. [4 marks]
Markscheme
METHOD 1

π × 4. 52 (63. 6172 …) (A1)

4 × 1. 39040. . . (5. 56160) (A1)
subtraction of four segments from area of circle (M1)
= 58. 1 m2 (58. 055 … ) A1

METHOD 2
angle of sector = 90 − 54. 532 … ( π2 − 0. 951764 …) (A1)
90−54.532…
area of sector = 360
× π × 4. 52 (= 6. 26771 …) (A1)
area is made up of four triangles and four sectors (M1)
total area =(4 × 8. 2462 …)+(4 × 6. 26771 …)

= 58. 1 m2 (58. 055 … ) A1

[4 marks]
12d. Find the value of t at which the goat is eating grass at the greatest rate.[2 marks]

Markscheme
d2 V
sketch of ddV OR dV
dt
= 0. 110363 … OR attempt to find where =0
t d t2
(M1)
t = 1 hour A1

[2 marks]

8
12e. The goat is tied in the field for 8 hours. [3 marks]
Find the total volume of grass eaten by the goat during this time.

Markscheme
recognizing V =∫ dV dt (M1)
dt
8
∫0 0. 3te−1 d t (A1)

volume eaten is 0. 299 … m3 (0. 299094 …) A1

[3 marks]
 This question is about a metropolitan area council planning a new town
and the location of a new toxic waste dump.

A metropolitan area in a country is modelled as a square. The area has four towns,
located at the corners of the square. All units are in kilometres with the x-
coordinate representing the distance east and the y-coordinate representing the
distance north from the origin at (0, 0).
Edison is modelled as being positioned at E(0, 40).
Fermitown is modelled as being positioned at F(40, 40).
Gaussville is modelled as being positioned at G(40, 0).
Hamilton is modelled as being positioned at H(0, 0).

13a. The model assumes that each town is positioned at a single point. [1 mark]
Describe possible circumstances in which this modelling assumption is
reasonable.

Markscheme
the size of each town is small (in comparison with the distance between the
towns)
OR
if towns have an identifiable centre
OR
the centre of the town is at that point R1

Note: Accept a geographical landmark in place of “centre”, e.g. “town hall” or

“capitol”.

[1 mark]
13b. Sketch a Voronoi diagram showing the regions within the metropolitan [1 mark]
area that are closest to each town.

Markscheme

A1

Note: There is no need for a scale / coordinates here. Condone boundaries

extending beyond the metropolitan area.

[1 mark]
 The metropolitan area council decides to build a new town called Isaacopolis
located at I(30, 20).
A new Voronoi diagram is to be created to include Isaacopolis. The equation of the
perpendicular bisector of [IE] is y = 32 x + 15
2 .

13c. Find the equation of the perpendicular bisector of [IF] . [4 marks]

Markscheme
40−20
the gradient of IF is 40−30 =2 (A1)

negative reciprocal of any gradient (M1)

gradient of perpendicular bisector = 12

Note: Seeing − 23 (for example) used clearly as a gradient anywhere is

evidence of the “negative reciprocal” method despite being applied to an
inappropriate gradient.

midpoint is ( 40+30
2 , 2 )=(35,
40+20
30) (A1)

equation of perpendicular bisector is y − 30 = − 12 (x − 35) A1

Note: Accept equivalent forms e.g. y = − 12 x + 952 or 2y + x − 95 = 0.

Allow FT for the final A1 from their midpoint and gradient of perpendicular
bisector, as long as the M1 has been awarded

[4 marks]
13d. Given that the coordinates of one vertex of the new Voronoi diagram [4 marks]
are (20, 37. 5), find the coordinates of the other two vertices within the
metropolitan area.

Markscheme
the perpendicular bisector of EH is y = 20 (A1)

Note: Award this A1 if seen in the y-coordinate of any final answer or if 20 is

used as the y-value in the equation of any other perpendicular bisector.

attempt to use symmetry OR intersecting two perpendicular bisectors

(M1)
( 25
3
, 20) A1

(20, 2. 5) A1

[4 marks]
13e. Sketch this new Voronoi diagram showing the regions within the [2 marks]
metropolitan area which are closest to each town.
Markscheme

M1A1

Note: Award M1 for exactly four perpendicular bisectors around I (IE, IF, IG
and IH) seen, even if not in exactly the right place.
Award A1 for a completely correct diagram. Scale / coordinates are NOT
necessary. Vertices should be in approximately the correct positions but only
penalized if clearly wrong (condone northern and southern vertices appearing
to be very close to the boundary).
Condone the Voronoi diagram extending outside of the square.
Do not award follow-though marks in this part.

[2 marks]
 The metropolitan area is divided into districts based on the Voronoi regions found
in part (c).

13f. A car departs from a point due north of Hamilton. It travels due east at [4 marks]
constant speed to a destination point due North of Gaussville. It passes
through the Edison, Isaacopolis and Fermitown districts. The car spends 30% of
the travel time in the Isaacopolis district.
Find the distance between Gaussville and the car’s destination point.
 Markscheme
30% of 40 is 12 (A1)
recognizing line intersects bisectors at y = c (or equivalent) but different x-
values (M1)
c = 32 x1 + 15
2 and c = − 12 x2 + 95
2
finding an expression for the distance in Isaacopolis in terms of one variable
(M1)
x2 − x1 =(95 − 2c)− 2c−15
3
= 100 − 8c
3
equating their expression to 12
8c
100 − 3
= 0. 3 × 40 = 12
c = 33
distance = 33 (km) A1

[4 marks]

A toxic waste dump needs to be located within the metropolitan area. The council
wants to locate it as far as possible from the nearest town.

13g. Find the location of the toxic waste dump, given that this location is not [4 marks]
on the edge of the metropolitan area.
 Markscheme
must be a vertex (award if vertex given as a final answer) (R1)
attempt to calculate the distance of at least one town from a vertex (M1)

Note: This must be seen as a calculation or a value.

correct calculation of distances A1

65
3
OR 21. 7 AND √406. 25 OR 20. 2
( 25
3
, 20) A1

Note: Award R1M0A0A0 for a vertex written with no other supporting

calculations.
Award R1M0A0A1 for correct vertex with no other supporting calculations.
The final A1 is not dependent on the previous A1 . There is no follow-through
for the final A1 .
Do not accept an answer based on “uniqueness” in the question.

[4 marks]

13h. Make one possible criticism of the council’s choice of location. [1 mark]
Markscheme
For example, any one of the following:
decision does not take into account the different population densities
closer to a city will reduce travel time/help employees
it is closer to some cites than others R1

Note: Accept any correct reason that engages with the scenario.
Do not accept any answer to do with ethical issues about whether toxic waste
should ever be dumped, or dumped in a metropolitan area.

[1 mark]

T
 The toxic waste dump, T, is connected to the towns via a system of sewers.
The connections are represented in the following matrix, M , where the order of
rows and columns is (E, F, G, H, I, T).

⎛1 0 1 1 0 0⎞
⎜
⎜
0 1 0 0 0 1⎟
⎟
⎜1 0⎟
M =⎜
⎜ ⎟
⎟
0 1 0 1
⎜
⎜ 1⎟
⎟
⎜
1 0 0 1 0
⎜0 ⎟
0 1 0 1 0⎟
⎝0 1 0 1 0 1⎠
A leak occurs from the toxic waste dump and travels through the sewers. The
pollution takes one day to travel between locations that are directly connected.
The digit 1 in M represents a direct connection. The values of 1 in the leading
diagonal of M mean that once a location is polluted it will stay polluted.

13i. Find which town is last to be polluted. Justify your answer. [3 marks]
 Markscheme
METHOD 1
attempting M3 M1
attempting M 4 M1
e.g.
last row/column of M 3 =(3 5 1 6 0 7)
last row/column of M 4 =(10 12 4 16 1 18)
hence Isaacopolis is the last city to be polluted A1

Note: Do not award the A1 unless both M 3 and M 4 are considered.

Award M1M0A0 for a claim that the shortest distance is from T to I and that
it is 4, without any support.

METHOD 2
attempting to translate M to a graph or a list of cities polluted on each day
(M1)
correct graph or list A1

hence Isaacopolis is the last city to be polluted A1

Note: Award M1A1A1 for a clear description of the graph in words leading to
the correct answer.

[3 marks]

13j. Write down the number of days it takes for the pollution to reach the last [1 mark]
town.
 Markscheme
it takes 4 days A1

[1 mark]

13k. A sewer inspector needs to plan the shortest possible route through [2 marks]
each of the connections between different locations. Determine an
appropriate start point and an appropriate end point of the inspection route.
Note that the fact that each location is connected to itself does not correspond to
a sewer that needs to be inspected.
Markscheme
EITHER
the orders of the different vertices are:
E 2
F 1
G 2
H 2
I 1
T 2 (A1)

Note: Accept a list where each order is 2 greater than listed above.

OR
a correct diagram/graph showing the connections between the locations
(A1)

Note: Accept a diagram with loops at each vertex.

This mark should be awarded if candidate is clearly using their correct diagram
from the previous part.

THEN
“Start at F and end at I” OR “Start at I and end at F” A1

Note: Award A1A0 for “it could start at either F or I”.

Award A1A1 for “IGEHTF” OR “FTHEGI”.
Award A1A1 for “F and I” OR “I and F”.

[2 marks]
 This question compares possible designs for a new computer network
between multiple school buildings, and whether they meet specific
requirements.

A school’s administration team decides to install new fibre-optic internet cables

underground. The school has eight buildings that need to be connected by these
cables. A map of the school is shown below, with the internet access point of each
building labelled A–H.

Jonas is planning where to install the underground cables. He begins by

determining the distances, in metres, between the underground access points in
each of the buildings.
He finds AD = 89. 2 m, DF = 104. 9 m and AD̂F = 83°.

14a. Find AF. [3 marks]

 Markscheme
AF2 = 89. 22 + 104. 92 − 2(89. 2)(104. 9)cos 83 (M1)(A1)

Note: Award (M1) for substitution into the cosine rule and (A1) for correct
substitution.

AF = 129 m (129. 150 …) A1

[3 marks]

The cost for installing the cable directly between A and F is $21 310.

14b. Find the cost per metre of installing this cable. [2 marks]

Markscheme
21310 ÷ 129. 150 … (M1)
$165 A1

[2 marks]

$110
 Jonas estimates that it will cost $110 per metre to install the cables between all
the other buildings.

14c. State why the cost for installing the cable between A and F would be [1 mark]
higher than between the other buildings.

Markscheme
any reasonable statement referring to the lake R1
(eg. there is a lake between A and F, the cables would need to be installed
under/over/around the lake, special waterproof cables are needed for lake,
etc.)

[1 mark]

Jonas creates the following graph, S, using the cost of installing the cables
between two buildings as the weight of each edge.

The computer network could be designed such that each building is directly
connected to at least one other building and hence all buildings are indirectly
connected.

14d. By using Kruskal’s algorithm, find the minimum spanning tree for S, [3 marks]
showing clearly the order in which edges are added.
 Markscheme
edges (or weights) are chosen in the order
CE (8239)
DG (8668)
BD (8778)
AB (8811)
DE (8833)
EH (9251)
DF (11 539) A1A1A1

Note: Award A1 for the first two edges chosen in the correct order. Award
A1A1 for the first six edges chosen in the correct order. Award A1A1A1 for all
seven edges chosen in the correct order. Accept a diagram as an answer,
provided the order of edges is communicated.

[3 marks]

14e. Hence find the minimum installation cost for the cables that would allow[2 marks]
all the buildings to be part of the computer network.
 Markscheme
Finding the sum of the weights of their edges (M1)
8239 + 8668 + 8778 + 8811 + 8833 + 9251 + 11539
total cost = $64119 A1

[2 marks]

The computer network fails if any part of it becomes unreachable from any other
part. To help protect the network from failing, every building could be connected
to at least two other buildings. In this way if one connection breaks, the building is
still part of the computer network. Jonas can achieve this by finding a Hamiltonian
cycle within the graph.

14f. State why a path that forms a Hamiltonian cycle does not always form an [1 mark]
Eulerian circuit.

Markscheme
a Hamiltonian cycle is not always an Eulerian circuit as it does not have to
include all edges of the graph (only all vertices) R1

[1 mark]

D
14g. Starting at D, use the nearest neighbour algorithm to find the upper [5 marks]
bound for the installation cost of a computer network in the form of a
Hamiltonian cycle.
Note: Although the graph is not complete, in this instance it is not necessary to
form a table of least distances.
Markscheme
edges (or weights) are chosen in the order
DG (8668)
GH (9603)
HE (9251)
EC (8239)
CB (13 156)
BA (8811)
AF (21 310)
FD (11 539) A1A1A1

Note: Award A1 for the first two edges chosen in the correct order. Award
A1A1 for the first five edges chosen in the correct order. Award A1A1A1 for
all eight edges chosen in the correct order. Accept a diagram as an answer,
provided the order of edges is communicated.

finding the sum of the weights of their edges (M1)

8668 + 9603 + 9251 + 8239 + 13156 + 8811 + 21310 + 11539
upper bound = $90 577 A1

[5 marks]

D
14h. By deleting D, use the deleted vertex algorithm to find the lower bound [6 marks]
for the installation cost of the cycle.
Markscheme
attempt to find MST after deleting vertex D (M1)
these edges (or weights) (in any order)
CE (8239)
AB (8811)
EH (9251)
GH (9603)
BE (10 153)
FG (12 606) A1

Note: Prim’s or Kruskal’s algorithm could be used at this stage.

D to MST with two different edges

reconnect (M1)
DG (8668)
BD (8778) A1

Note: This A1 is independent of the first A mark and can be awarded if both
DG and BD are chosen to reconnect D to the MST, even if the MST is
incorrect.

finding the sum of the weights of their edges (M1)

8239 + 8811 + 9251 + 9603 + 10153 + 12606 + 8668 + 8778

Note: For candidates with an incorrect MST or no MST, the weights of at least
seven of the edges being summed (two of which must connect to D) must be
shown to award this (M1).

lower bound = $76 109 A1

[6 marks]
 After more research, Jonas decides to install the cables as shown in the diagram
below.

Each individual cable is installed such that each end of the cable is connected to a
building’s access point. The connection between each end of a cable and an
access point has a 1. 4% probability of failing after a power surge.
For the network to be successful, each building in the network must be able to
communicate with every other building in the network. In other words, there must
be a path that connects any two buildings in the network. Jonas would like the
network to have less than a 2% probability of failing to operate after a power
surge.

14i. Show that Jonas’s network satisfies the requirement of there being less [5 marks]
than a 2% probability of the network failing after a power surge.
Markscheme
METHOD 1
recognition of a binomial distribution (M1)
X~B(2, 0. 014)
finding the probability that a cable fails (at least one of its connections fails)
P(X > 0)= 0. 027804 OR 1 − P(X = 0)= 0. 027804 A1
recognition that two cables must fail for the network to go offline M1
recognition of binomial distribution for network, Y ~B(8, 0. 027804) (M1)
P(Y ≥ 2)= 0. 0194 (0. 0193602 …) OR
1 − P(Y < 2)= 0. 0194 (0. 0193602 …) A1
therefore, the diagram satisfies the requirement since 1. 94% < 2%
AG

Note: Evidence of binomial distribution may be seen as combinations.

METHOD 2
recognition of a binomial distribution (M1)
X~B(16, 0. 014)
finding the probability that at least two connections fail
P(X ≥ 2)= 0. 0206473 … OR 1 − P(X < 2)= 0. 0206473 … A1
recognition that the previous answer is an overestimate M1
finding probability of two ends of the same cable failing, F ~B(2, 0. 014),
and the ends of the other 14 cables not failing, S~B(14, 0. 014)
P(F = 2)×P(S = 0)= 0. 0000160891 … (A1)

0. 0000160891 … × 8 = 0. 00128713. . .
0. 0206473 … − 0. 00128713 … = 0. 0194 (0. 0193602 …) A1
therefore, the diagram satisfies the requirement since 1. 94% < 2%
AG

METHOD 3
recognition of a binomial distribution M1
X~B(16, 0. 014)
finding the probability that the network remains secure if 0 or 1 connections
fail or if 2 connections fail provided that the second failed connection occurs at
the other end of the cable with the first failure (M1)
1
P(remains secure) = P(X ≤ 1)+ 15 × P(X = 2) A1
= 0. 9806397625 A1
P(network fails) = 1 − 0. 9806397625 = 0. 0194 (0. 0193602 …) A1
therefore, the diagram satisfies the requirement since 1. 94% < 2%
AG

METHOD 4
P(network failing)
= 1 − P(0 connections failing)−P(1 connection failing)−P(2 connections on the sam
M1
= 1 − 0. 98616 − 16C1 × 0. 014 × 0. 98615 − 8C1 × 0. 0142 × 0. 98614
A1A1A1

Note: Award A1 for each of 2nd, 3rd and last terms.

= 0. 0194 (0. 0193602 …) A1

therefore, the diagram satisfies the requirement since 1. 94% < 2%
AG
 [5 marks]

The Bermuda Triangle is a region of the Atlantic Ocean with Miami (M), Bermuda
(B), and San Juan (S) as vertices, as shown on the diagram.

The distances between M, B and S are given in the following table, correct to
three significant figures.

15a. Calculate the value of θ, the measure of angle MŜB . [3 marks]

 Markscheme
attempt at substituting the cosine rule formula (M1)
2 2 2
1660 +1550 −1670
cos θ = 2 ( 1660 ) ( 1550 )
(A1)

(θ =) 62. 6° (62. 5873 …) (accept 1. 09 rad (1. 09235 …))

A1

[3 marks]

15b. Find the area of the Bermuda Triangle. [2 marks]

Markscheme
correctly substituted area of triangle formula (M1)
A = 12 (1660)(1550)sin(62. 5873 …)
(A =) 1140 000 (1. 14 × 106 , 1142 043. 327 …) km2 A1

2
Note: Accept 1150 000 (1. 15 × 106 , 1146 279. 893 …) km from use of 63°
. Other angles and their corresponding sides may be used.

[2 marks]
 Joey is making a party hat in the form of a cone. The hat is made from a sector,
AOB, of a circular piece of paper with a radius of 18 cm and AÔB = θ as shown
in the diagram.

To make the hat, sides [OA] and [OB] are joined together. The hat has a base
radius of 6. 5 cm .

16a. Write down the perimeter of the base of the hat in terms of π. [1 mark]

Markscheme
13π cm A1

Note: Answer must be in terms of π.

[1 mark]
16b. Find the value of θ. [2 marks]

Markscheme
METHOD 1
θ θ
360
× 2π(18)= 13π OR 360
× 2π(18)= 40. 8407 … (M1)

Note: Award (M1) for correct substitution into length of an arc formula.

(θ =) 130° A1

METHOD 2
θ
360
× π × 182 = π × 6. 5 × 18 (M1)

(θ =) 130° A1

[2 marks]
16c. Find the surface area of the outside of the hat. [2 marks]

Markscheme
EITHER
130
360
× π(18)2 (M1)

Note: Award (M1) for correct substitution into area of a sector formula.

OR
π(6. 5)(18) (M1)

Note: Award (M1) for correct substitution into curved area of a cone formula.

THEN
(Area= ) 368 cm 2 (367. 566 … , 117π) A1

Note: Allow FT from their part (a)(ii) even if their angle is not obtuse.

[2 marks]

17. The following diagram shows a corner of a field bounded by two walls [6 marks]
defined by lines L1 and L2 . The walls meet at a point A, making an
angle of 40°.
Farmer Nate has 7 m of fencing to make a triangular enclosure for his sheep. One
end of the fence is positioned at a point B on L 2 , 10 m from A. The other end of
the fence will be positioned at some point C on L 1 , as shown on the diagram.
He wants the enclosure to take up as little of the current field as possible.
Find the minimum possible area of the triangular enclosure ABC .

Markscheme
METHOD 1
attempt to find AC using cosine rule M1
72 = 102 + AC2 − 2 × 10 × AC × cos 40° (A1)
attempt to solve a quadratic equation (M1)
AC = 4. 888 … AND 10. 432 … (A1)

Note: At least AC = 4. 888 … must be seen, or implied by subsequent

working.

1
minimum area = 2 × 10 × 4. 888 … × sin(40°) M1

Note: Do not award M1 if incorrect value for minimizing the area has been
chosen.

= 15. 7 m2 A1

METHOD 2
attempt to find AĈB using the sine Rule M1
sinC sin40
10
= 7
(A1)
C = 66. 674 … ° OR 113. 325 … ° (A1)

EITHER
B = 180 − 40 − 113. 325 …
B = 26. 675 … ° (A1)
1
area = 2 × 10 × 7 × sin(26. 675 … °) M1

OR
sine rule or cosine rule to find AC = 4. 888 … (A1)
1
minimum area = 2 × 10 × 4. 888 … × sin(40°) M1

THEN
= 15. 7 m2 A1

Note: Award A0M1A0 if the wrong length AC or the wrong angle B selected
but used correctly finding a value of 33. 5 m 2 for the area.

[6 marks]
 The following diagram shows a frame that is made from wire. The total length of
wire is equal to 15 cm . The frame is made up of two identical sectors of a circle
that are parallel to each other. The sectors have angle θ radians and radius r cm .
They are connected by 1 cm lengths of wire perpendicular to the sectors. This is
shown in the diagram below.

18a. Show that 6 [2 marks]

r= 2+θ
.

Markscheme
15 = 3 + 4r + 2rθ M1
12 = 2r(2 + θ) A1

Note: Award A1 for any reasonable working leading to expected result e,g,
factorizing r.

6
r= 2+θ
AG

[2 marks]
 The faces of the frame are covered by paper to enclose a volume, V .

18b. Find an expression for V in terms of θ. [2 marks]

Markscheme
attempt to use sector area to find volume (M1)
volume = 12 r2 θ × 1

= 1
2 × 36
× θ (= 18θ
) A1
( 2+θ ) 2 ( 2+θ ) 2

[2 marks]
18c. Find the expression d V . [3 marks]
dθ

Markscheme
dV ( 2+θ ) 2×18−36θ ( 2+θ )
dθ
= M1A1A1
( 2+θ ) 4
dV 36−18θ
dθ
=
( 2+θ ) 3

[3 marks]

18d. Solve algebraically d V

dθ
= 0 to find the value of θ that will maximize the [2 marks]
volume, V .
Markscheme
dV 36−18θ
dθ
= =0 M1
( 2+θ ) 3

Note: Award this M1 for simplified version equated to zero. The simplified
version may have been seen in part (b)(ii).

θ=2 A1

[2 marks]
 A large water reservoir is built in the form of part of an upside-down right pyramid
with a horizontal square base of length 80 metres. The point C is the centre of the
square base and point V is the vertex of the pyramid.

The bottom of the reservoir is a square of length 60 metres that is parallel to the
base of the pyramid, such that the depth of the reservoir is 6 metres as shown in
the diagram.
The second diagram shows a vertical cross section, MNOPC, of the reservoir.

19a. Find the angle of depression from M to N. [2 marks]

 Markscheme
6
tan(θ)= 10
(M1)

(θ =) 31. 0° (30. 9637 … °) OR 0. 540 (0. 540419 …) A1

[2 marks]

19b. Find CV. [2 marks]

Markscheme
(CV =) 40 tan(θ) OR (CV =) 4 × 6 (M1)

Note: Award (M1) for an attempt at trigonometry or similar triangles (e.g.

ratios).

(CV =) 24 m A1

[2 marks]

3
19c. Hence or otherwise, show that the volume of the reservoir is 29 600 m3 . [3 marks]

Markscheme
(V =) 13 802 × 24 − 13 602 × 18 M1A1A1

Note: Award M1 for finding the difference between the volumes of two
pyramids, A1 for each correct volume expression. The final A1 is contingent
on correct working leading to the given answer.
If the correct final answer is not seen, award at most M1A1A0. Award
M0A0A0 for any height derived from V = 29 600, including 18. 875 or 13. 875
.

(V =) 29 600 m3 AG

[3 marks]

3
 Every day 80 m3 of water from the reservoir is used for irrigation.
Joshua states that, if no other water enters or leaves the reservoir, then when it is
full there is enough irrigation water for at least one year.

19d. By finding an appropriate value, determine whether Joshua is correct. [2 marks]

Markscheme
METHOD 1
( 29600
80
=) 370 (days) A1

(370 > 366) Joshua is correct A1

Note: Award A0A0 for unsupported answer of “Joshua is correct”. Accept

1. 01 … > 1 for the first A1 mark.

METHOD 2
80 × 366 = 29280 m3 OR 80 × 365 = 29200 m3 A1
(29280 < 29600) Joshua is correct A1

Note: The second A1 can be awarded for an answer consistent with their
result.

[2 marks]
19e. To avoid water leaking into the ground, the five interior sides of the [5 marks]
reservoir have been painted with a watertight material.
Find the area that was painted.

Markscheme
height of trapezium is √102 + 62 (= 11. 6619 …) (M1)
80+60
area of trapezium is 2 × √102 + 62 (= 816. 333 …) (M1)(A1)

(SA =) 4 ×( 80+60
2 × √102 + 62 )+602 (M1)

Note: Award M1 for adding 4 times their (MNOP) trapezium area to the area
of the (60 × 60) base.

(SA =) 6870 m2 (6865. 33 m2 ) A1

Note: No marks are awarded if the correct shape is not identified.

[5 marks]
 A piece of candy is made in the shape of a solid hemisphere. The radius of the
hemisphere is 6 mm.

20a. Calculate the total surface area of one piece of candy. [4 marks]

Markscheme
1
2 × 4 × π × 62 + π × 62 OR 3 × π × 62 (M1)(A1)(M1)

Note: Award M1 for use of surface area of a sphere formula (or curved
surface area of a hemisphere), A1 for substituting correct values into
hemisphere formula, M1 for adding the area of the circle.
= 339mm2 (108π, 339. 292 …) A1
[4 marks]

1
20b. The total surface of the candy is coated in chocolate. It is known that 1 [2 marks]
gram of the chocolate covers an area of 240 mm2 .
Calculate the weight of chocolate required to coat one piece of candy.

Markscheme
339.292…
240
(M1)

= 1. 41(g)( 920π , 0. 45π, 1. 41371 …) A1

[2 marks]

ABC AB = 56 m BC = 82 m
21. A triangular field ABC is such that AB = 56 m and BC = 82 m , each [5 marks]
measured correct to the nearest metre, and the angle at B is equal to
105°, measured correct to the nearest 5°.

Calculate the maximum possible area of the field.

Markscheme
attempt to find any relevant maximum value (M1)
largest sides are 56. 5 and 82. 5 (A1)
smallest possible angle is 102. 5 (A1)
attempt to substitute into area of a triangle formula (M1)
1
2 × 56. 5 × 82. 5 × sin (102. 5°)
= 2280 (m2 )(2275. 37 …) A1

[5 marks]
 An inclined railway travels along a straight track on a steep hill, as shown in the
diagram.

The locations of the stations on the railway can be described by coordinates in

reference to x, y, and z-axes, where the x and y axes are in the horizontal plane
and the z-axis is vertical.
The ground level station A has coordinates (140, 15, 0) and station B, located
near the top of the hill, has coordinates (20, 5, 250). All coordinates are given in
metres.

22a. Find the distance between stations A and B. [2 marks]

 Markscheme
attempt at substitution into 3D distance formula (M1)

AB = √(140 − 20)2 + (15 − 5)2 + 2502 (= √77 000)

= 277 m(10√770, 277. 488 …) A1

[2 marks]

Station M is to be built halfway between stations A and B.

22b. Find the coordinates of station M. [2 marks]

Markscheme
attempt at substitution in the midpoint formula (M1)

( 140+20
2 , 2 , 2 )
15+5 0+250

(80, 10, 125) A1

[2 marks]

M
22c. Write down the height of station M, in metres, above the ground. [1 mark]

Markscheme
125 m A1

[1 mark]

23. A storage container consists of a box of length 90 cm , width 42 cm and [7 marks]

height 34 cm , and a lid in the shape of a half-cylinder, as shown in the
diagram. The lid fits the top of the box exactly. The total exterior surface of the
storage container is to be painted.
Find the area to be painted.
Markscheme
2 × 90 × 34(= 6120) AND 2 × 42 × 34(= 2856) (A1)
90 × 42(= 3780) (A1)
r = 21 (A1)
π × 212 (= 441π, 1385. 44 …) (M1)
use of curved surface area formula (M1)
21π × 90(= 1890π, 5937. 61 …) (A1)
20100 cm 2 (20079. 0 …) A1

[7 marks]

AB
 A garden includes a small lawn. The lawn is enclosed by an arc AB of a circle with
centre O and radius 6 m, such that AÔB = 135°. The straight border of the lawn
is defined by chord [AB].
The lawn is shown as the shaded region in the following diagram.

24a. A footpath is to be laid around the curved side of the lawn. Find the [3 marks]
length of the footpath.

Markscheme
12π
135° × 360°
(M1)(A1)

14. 1 (m)(14. 1371 …) A1

[3 marks]
24b. Find the area of the lawn. [4 marks]

Markscheme
evidence of splitting region into two areas (M1)
π 62 6×6×sin135°
135° × 360°
− 2 (M1)(M1)

Note: Award M1 for correctly substituting into area of sector formula, M1 for
evidence of substituting into area of triangle formula.

42. 4115 … − 12. 7279 …

29. 7 m2 (29. 6835 …) A1

[4 marks]

O
 The diagram below shows a circular clockface with centre O . The clock’s minute
hand has a length of 10 cm . The clock’s hour hand has a length of 6 cm .
At 4 : 00 pm the endpoint of the minute hand is at point A and the endpoint of the
hour hand is at point B.

25a. Find the size of angle AÔB in degrees. [2 marks]

Markscheme
360°
4× 12 OR 4 × 30° (M1)
120° A1

[2 marks]

A B
25b. Find the distance between points A and B. [3 marks]

Markscheme
substitution in cosine rule (M1)
AB2 = 102 + 62 − 2 × 10 × 6 × cos(120°) (A1)
AB = 14 cm A1

Note: Follow through marks in part (b) are contingent on working seen.

[3 marks]

4 : 00 4 : 13
 Between 4 : 00 pm and 4 : 13 pm, the endpoint of the minute hand rotates
through an angle, θ, from point A to point C. This is illustrated in the diagram.

25c. Find the size of angle θ in degrees. [2 marks]

Markscheme
θ = 13 × 6 (M1)
= 78° A1

[2 marks]

AC
25d. Calculate the length of arc AC. [2 marks]

Markscheme
substitution into the formula for arc length (M1)
78 13π
l= 360
× 2 × π × 10 OR l = 30
× 10
= 13. 6cm(13. 6135 … , 4. 33π, 133π ) A1

[2 marks]

25e. Calculate the area of the shaded sector, AOC. [2 marks]

 Markscheme
substitution into the area of a sector (M1)
78
A= 360
× π × 102 OR l = 1
2
13π
×
30
× 102
= 68. 1cm 2 (68. 0678 … , 21. 7π, 653π ) A1

[2 marks]

A second clock is illustrated in the diagram below. The clock face has radius
10 cm with minute and hour hands both of length 10 cm . The time shown is 6 : 00
am. The bottom of the clock face is located 3 cm above a horizontal bookshelf.

25f. Write down the height of the endpoint of the minute hand above the [1 mark]
bookshelf at 6 : 00 am.

Markscheme
23 A1

[1 mark]
 The height, h centimetres, of the endpoint of the minute hand above the bookshelf
is modelled by the function
h(θ)= 10 cos θ + 13, θ ≥ 0,
where θ is the angle rotated by the minute hand from 6 : 00 am.

25g. Find the value of h when θ = 160°. [2 marks]

Markscheme
correct substitution (M1)
h = 10 cos(160°)+13
= 3. 60cm(3. 60307 …) A1

[2 marks]

The height, g centimetres, of the endpoint of the hour hand above the bookshelf
is modelled by the function
θ
g(θ)= −10 cos( 12 )+13, θ ≥ 0,
where θ is the angle in degrees rotated by the minute hand from 6 : 00 am.

25h. Write down the amplitude of g(θ). [1 mark]

 Markscheme
10 A1

[1 mark]

25i. The endpoints of the minute hand and hour hand meet when θ = k. [2 marks]
Find the smallest possible value of k.
 Markscheme
EITHER
θ
10 × cos(θ)+13 = −10 × cos( 12 )+13 (M1)

OR

(M1)

Note: Award M1 for equating the functions. Accept a sketch of h(θ) and g(θ)
with point(s) of intersection marked.
THEN
k = 196°(196. 363 …) A1

Note: The answer 166. 153 … is incorrect but the correct method is implicit.
Award (M1)A0.

[2 marks]

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