ANAEMIA

NAME: IJALANA OLUWATOMISIN PRECIOUS
PRESENTATION TOPIC: ANAEMIA

Anaemia definition: Anaemia is a condition characterized by a
decrease in the number of red blood cells or a low hemoglobin
concentration in the blood. Hemoglobin is a protein within red
blood cells that binds to oxygen and transports it throughout the
body. An insufficient amount of red blood cells or hemoglobin
compromises the blood’s ability to carry and deliver oxygen to
tissues and organs, leading to ranges of symptoms, such as
shortness of breath and dizziness.
Mild anaemia is a common and treatable condition that can
develop in anyone. It may come about suddenly or overtime, and
may be caused by one’s diet, medication or another medical
condition. Anaemia can also be chronic, meaning it lasts a long
time and may never go away completely. Some types of anaemia
are inherited.
Diagnosis: To diagnose anaemia, your doctor may ask you
questions about one’s risk factors and order blood tests or other
diagnostic tests.
Blood test: This test measures many different parts of your
blood, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets.
If the level of red blood cells are higher or lower than normal,
there could be a sign of anaemia.
If hemoglobin levels are higher or lower than normal, that could
also be a sign of anaemia.
Causes of Anaemia: Possible factors causing anaemia;
1. Age: As one grows older, the chance of developing anaemia
increases.
2. Blood loss: Excessive bleeding during the menstrual cycle,
bleeding due to inflammation of the stomach, bleeding during
surgery, serious injury can increase risk of anaemia.
3. Family history: If one have a family history of inherited type of
anaemia, there person have an increased risk of developing
anaemia.
4. Lifestyle habits: People who do not get nutrients like iron,
vitamin B12, and folic acid to make healthy red blood cells have
a higher risk of anaemia.
5. Other health conditions: Chronic (long term) kidney disease or
cancer can cause the body to produce fewer red blood cells.
Types Of Anaemia: There are several types of anaemia with
different causes and characteristics. And to mention a few some
of the common types of anaemia include:
1. Iron-deficiency Anaemia: This is the most common, this type
of anaemia is caused by inadequate iron intake or
absorption and iron is necessary for red blood cell
production. It can also be caused by increased iron
requirement (during pregnancy) or chronic blood loss. This
type of anaemia is widespread and it can affect people of all
ages.
2. Vitamin-deficiency Anaemia: This is the lack of vitaminB12,
vitamin C or folate.
*Vitamin B12 Deficiency Anaemia: Lack of vitamin B12 for
red blood cell maturation.
*Folate Deficiency Anaemia: Insufficient folate, crucial for
DNA synthesis and red blood cell formation.
3. Hemolytic Anaemia: Increased destruction of red blood cells,
either due to inherited conditions or acquired factors.
4. Aplastic Anaemia: Stem cells in the bone marrow are
damaged, leading to a reduction in red blood cell productions.
Symptoms of Anaemia:
These include:
. Feeling week and tired more often than usual, or with exercise.
. Headaches
. Problems concentrating or thinking
. Loss of appetite
. Numbness and tingling of hands and feet.
If anaemia gets worse, symptoms may include:
. Pale skin color
. Shortness of breath with mild activity or even at rest
. Mouth ulcers
. Abnormal or increased menstrual bleeding in females
Treatment and management of Anaemia:
Medically, anaemia can be treated through blood transfusions,
the use of corticosteroids, erythropoietin.
Nutritionally, Anaemia can be managed with dietary
modification promoting an increase in iron-containing food and
vitamin B12.
Foods rich in iron include (heme and non-heme iron rich foods):
1. Heme iron- this is easily absorbed by the body and it can be
found in
. Meat- beef, pork, and lamb
. Poultry- chicken, turkey, and eggs
. Seafood- salmon, sardines, and tuna
. Organ meats- liver, and kidney
2. Non-heme iron- this is harder for the body to absorb by the
body, this is basically plant based sources of iron.
. Nuts and seeds
. Legumes such as mixed beans, baked beans, lentils, and
chickpea
. Dark leafy green vegetables- Such as spinach, silver beet
and broccoli
. Tofu
. Dried fruits
. Iron fortified bread and breakfast cereal
How to improve iron absorption in the body
How food is prepared, and the type of food eaten altogether,
can affect how much the body absorb iron.
For example, eating foods rich in vitamin C can help the body
absorb more iron. These include:
. Citrus fruits- such as oranges and lemons
. Tomatoes
. Berries( strawberries, raspberries, and blueberries)
. Kiwi fruits
. Watermelon
. Pineapples
In as much as there is need to eat certain foods to help in the
production of red blood cells, so also there are some foods
that are to be avoided as an anaemic patient.
. Coffee
. Tea
. Calcium rich foods like milk and cheese
. Calciun supplements.

ANAEMIA

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NAME: IJALANA OLUWATOMISIN PRECIOUS

PRESENTATION TOPIC: ANAEMIA

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