Databases

Q1. Which of the AWS DB service is a NoSQL database and server-less, and delivers consistent single-
digit millisecond latency at any scale?

-Amazon DynamoDB

Q2. Which facilitates the storing, updating, and querying of the objects in databases?
-Key-value store
Q3. Name the scalar data types supported by DynamoDB?

 Binary
 Number
 Boolean
 String

Q4. Which feature to automatically scale up and down its own read and write capacity or global
secondary index?
-DynamoDB Auto Scaling
Q5. Name the AWS RDS engines which are available?

 Mysql
 Oracle
 PostgreSQL
 SQL Server
 MariaDB
 Amazon Aurora
Q6. Your organization is building a collaboration platform for which they chose AWS EC2 for web
and application servers and MySQL RDS instance as the database. Due to the nature of the traffic to
the application, they would like to increase the number of connections to RDS instance. How can this
be achieved?
- Create a new parameter group, attach it to DB instance and change the setting.
Q7. You have an AWS RDS PostgreSQL database hosted in the Singapore region. You need to ensure
that a backup database is in place and the data is asynchronously copied. Which of the following
would help fulfil this requirement?
- Enable Read Replicas for the database
Q8. An application currently consists of an EC2 Instance hosting a Web application. The Web
application connects to an AWS RDS database. What can be used to ensure that the database layer is
highly available?
- Enable Multi-AZ for the AWS RDS database.
Q9. You are performing a Load Testing exercise on your application hosted on AWS. While testing
your Amazon RDS MySQL DB Instance, you notice that your application becomes non responsive
when you reach 100% CPU utilization. Your application is read-heavy. What methods will help scale
your data-tier to meet the application’s needs?
- Shard your data set among multiple Amazon RDS DB Instances
- Use ElastiCache in front of your Amazon RDS DB to cache common queries.
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Q10. A company is hosting a MySQL database in AWS using the AWS RDS service. To offload the
reads, a Read Replica has been created and reports are run off the Read Replica database. But at
certain times, the reports show stale data. Why may this be the case?
- This is due to the replication lag.
Q11. A customer planning on hosting an AWS RDS instance, needs to ensure that the underlying data
is encrypted. How can this be achieved?
- Ensure that the right instance class is chosen for the underlying instance.
- Encrypt the database during creation.
Q12. In Below are the requirements for a data store in AWS:
a) Ability to perform SQL queries
b) Integration with existing business intelligence tools
c) High concurrency workload that generally involves reading and writing all columns of a small
number of records at a time
Which of the following would be an ideal data store for the above requirements?
- AWS RDS
- AWS Aurora
Q13. A database is being hosted using the AWS RDS service. This database is to be made into a
production database and is required to have high availability. Which of the following can be used to
achieve this requirement?
- Use Multi-AZ for the RDS instance to ensure that a secondary database is created in another
Availability Zone.
Q14. An application currently uses AWS RDS MySQL as its data layer. Due to recent performance
issues on the database, it has been decided to separate the querying part of the application by setting
up a separate reporting layer. Which of the following additional steps could also potentially assist in
improving the performance of the underlying database?
- Make use of Read Replicas to setup a secondary read-only database.
Q15. The DB of an application runs on Amazon RDS. We want that a reporting tool to access this
data. How can we achieve it, considering that the reporting tool must be highly available without
impacting the application’s performance?
- Create a Multi-AZ RDS Read Replica of the RDS DB instance
Q16. A MySQL database is going to be migrated to the AWS Cloud. The cloud DB should be a
managed solution that supports high availability and automatic failover in the event of an Availability
Zone (AZ) outage. How can we achieve it?
- Use the AWS Database Migration Service (DMS) to directly migrate the database to an
Amazon RDS MySQL Multi-AZ deployment.
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Q17. How can we encrypt a master database (which is not encrypted) in an Amazon RDS Read
Replica deployed in a separate region?
- Encrypt a snapshot from the master DB instance, create a new encrypted master DB
instance, and then make an encrypted cross-region Read Replica
Q18. We need to design a managed multi-region database with replication. The requirements indicate
that the master database should be located in the EU (Ireland) region, and databases will be located in
4 other regions to service local read traffic. Which AWS service can deliver these requirements with a
cost-effective and secure approach?
- RDS with cross-region Read Replicas
(This is important to understand. Multi-AZ provides high availability (although this is not a
requirement in this case), but the databases will be located in different Availability Zones
from the SAME region. As they should be in different regions, we can use Read Replicas in
different regions with asynchronous replication to improve the performance.)
Q19. A company is migrating an on-premises 10 TB MySQL database to AWS. The company expects
the database to quadruple in size and the business requirement is that we must keep lag under 100
milliseconds. Which Amazon RDS engine meets these requirements?
- Amazon Aurora
Q20. An application requires a MySQL database which will only be used several times a week for
short periods. The database needs to provide automatic instantiation and scaling. Which database
service is most suitable?
- Amazon Aurora Serverless (As we don’t usually need to use the DB, we can opt for Aurora
Serverless, only paying for the time we use it.)
Q21. A web application runs on a fleet of Amazon EC2 instances in a Multi-AZ Autoscaling group
behind an Application Load Balancer (ALB). The instances store data in an Amazon Aurora database.
Which architecture would make the application more resilient to sporadic increases in request rates?
- Add Amazon Aurora Replicas
- Add an Amazon CloudFront distribution in front of the ALB
Q22. Which is a fully-managed AWS database service?
- Amazon RDS
Q23. Which AWS service is used for managing and storing relational databases?
- Amazon RDS
Q24. What is Amazon DynamoDB used for?
- Storing and retrieving data
Q25. Which AWS service is used for managing and monitoring databases in a fully managed way?
- Amazon RDS
Q28. What is Amazon RDS?
- A managed database service that makes it easy to set up, operate, and scale a relational
database in the cloud.
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Q29. Amazon RDS manages ____, software ____, automatic ____, and _____.
- Amazon RDS manages backups, software patching, automatic failure detection, and
recovery
Q30. In order to deliver a managed service experience, Amazon RDS does ______to DB
instances, and it restricts access to certain system procedures and tables that require advanced
privileges.
- does not provide shell access
Q31. What tools can one use to create or modify a DB instance?
- You can create and modify a DB instance by using the Amazon RDS command line
interface, the Amazon
RDS API, or the AWS Management Console
Q32. For each DB instance, you can select from ___ to ___ of associated storage capacity.
- For each DB instance, you can select from 5 GB to 3 TB of associated storage capacity
Q33. DB instance storage comes in two types, ____ and ____.
- DB instance storage comes in two types, standard and provisioned IOPS
Q34. Standard storage is allocated on ____.
- Amazon EBS volumes and connected to your DB instance
Q35. _____ optimized EBS volumes and an optimized configuration stack and provides additional,
dedicated capacity for EBS I/O.
- Provisioned IOPS
Q36. These optimizations enable instances to fully utilize the IOPS provisioned on an EBS volume.
- Provisioned IOPS
Q37. If you need consistent performance and your database workloads generate a lot of random I/O,
you can improve the performance of your DB instance by using ___.
- Amazon RDS Provisioned IOPS (input/output operations per second) storage.
Q38. Provisioned IOPS delivers__________
- fast, predictable, and consistent throughput performance
Q39. For Provisioned IOPS When you create a DB instance, you specify an____ and ___.
- specify an IOPS rate and storage space allocation.

Q40. Amazon RDS provisions that IOPS rate and storage ____ of the DB.
- the lifetime of the DB
Q41. Provisioned IOPS storage is optimized for ____ intensive.
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- I/O intensive, online transaction processing (OLTP) workloads that have stringent
performance requirements
Q42. OLTP stands for __________.
- online transaction processing (OLTP)
Q43. ( True or False ) You cannot decrease standard storage or Provisioned IOPS storage allocated for
a DB instance.
- True
Q44. You can create a DB instance that uses Provisioned IOPS storage by using the AWS ____ , the
AWS _____ OR the ___.
- using the AWS Management Console, the Amazon RDS API, or the Command Line
Interface (CLI)
Q45. If you are using Provisioned IOPS storage what instance classes should you use.
- m1.large, m1.xlarge, m2.2xlarge, m2.4xlarge, or cr1.8xlarge instance classes
Q46. System activities such as automated backups, DB snapshots, and scale storage operations may
consume _____ which will reduce the overall capacity available for normal database operations.
- some I/O
Q47. To help you verify that you are making the best use of your Provisioned IOPS storage, we have
added a new CloudWatch Metric called _____.
- called Disk Queue Depth.
Q48. For production OLTP use cases, we recommend that you use _________ for enhanced fault
tolerance and __________ storage for fast and predictable performance.
- For production OLTP use cases, we recommend that you use Multi-AZ deployments for
enhanced fault tolerance and Provisioned IOPS storage for fast and predictable performance.
Q49. In addition to Multi-AZ deployments, Provisioned IOPS storage complements the following 3
features:
1) Amazon VPC for network isolation and enhanced security.

2) Read Replicas.

3) DB Snapshots.
Q50. Because Provisioned IOPS storage reserves resources for your use, we can expect to be ____.
- you are charged for the resources
whether or not you use them in a given month.
Q51. (True or False) Because Provisioned IOPS storage reserves resources for your use, you are
charged for the resources whether or not you use them in a given month.
-True
Q52. Using _________ increases the number of IO requests the system is capable of processing
concurrently.
- Using Provisioned IOPS storage increases the number of IO requests the system is capable
of processing concurrently.
Q53. Increased concurrency allows for ___________ since IO requests spend less time in
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a ____.
- Increased concurrency allows for decreased latency since IO requests spend less time in a
queue.
Q54. Decreased latency allows for _______ and allows for higher database ____.
- faster database commits, which improves response time and
allows for higher database throughput.
Q56. For example, consider a heavily loaded OLTP database provisioned for 10,000 Provisioned
IOPS that runs consistently at the channel limit of 105 Mbps throughput for reads. The workload isn't
perfectly balanced, so there is some unused write channel bandwidth. What would increasing
Provisioned IOPS capacity from 10,000 TO 20,000 allow?
- Increasing Provisioned IOPS capacity from 10,000 to 20,000 doubles the system's capacity
for concurrent IO. Increased concurrency means decreased latency, which allows transactions
to complete faster, so the database transaction rate increases. Read and write latency would
improve by different amounts and the system would settle into a new quilibrium based on
whichever resource becomes constrained first.
Q57. Generally Increased concurrency means.
- decreased latency