EES512 Lab4

Lab 4
F2022 Version
38
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Lab 4.1 – RC Circuit Step Response

Objective: To observe the step response of an RC circuit and calculate the time constant.
Procedure:
1. For the circuit in Figure 35, assume the function generator has been off for a long time. At t=0, it
is turned on to produce 4 V Step Function. Write the expression for vC(t) using v(t)=v(∞) + [v(0)
– v(∞)]e-t/τ, given R = 1 kΩ and C = 0.1 μF. Note the 50 Ω is an internal resistor for function
generator. On FG, press Waveform: Square wave, Amplitude: 2.0 VPP*, Offset: +1.0 V*
Figure 35 – RC Circuit
2. Connect the circuit shown in Figure 35, with R = 1 kΩ and C = 0.1 μF. Set the function generator to
produce a square wave at 400 Hz. You may need to reduce the frequency to 300 Hz if you find the
signal is not reaching its steady state (almost flat line) response each cycle.
On FG: Set Frequency to 400 Hz
3. Connect channel 1 of the oscilloscope to the node between the function generator and the resistor.
Connect channel 2 to the node between the resistor and the capacitor. Channels 1 and 2 are now
connected to either side of the resistor. Note that the ground of both channels as well as the ground
of function generator is all connected to the same node.
4. Adjust the amplitude of the square wave (channel 1) to its maximum value by turning the amplitude
knob clockwise. Once it is set, press the “CH1” button twice to remove the graph from the screen.
5. If the remaining signal (channel 2) is not reaching its steady state response every cycle, reduce the
signal frequency to 300 Hz, or lower if you must, so that it does.
6. Sketch the capacitor voltage waveform (channel 2) on the graph provided in Figure 36. This is vC(t).
Make sure you note the scale for both the horizontal and the vertical axes. The scale can be found
from the oscilloscope. It is shown in the lower left hand corner of the display as a number of units per
division.
* Due to impedance matching

Figure 36 - Graph of Capacitor Voltage Waveform vs. Time for Square Wave
7. In the math menu of the oscilloscope, set the operation function to be “-”.
8. Press the “CH2” button twice to remove the voltage waveform graph from the screen. The
graph remaining is vR(t) (channel 1 – channel 2). Sketch the voltage waveform on the graph
provided in Figure 37. Again, make sure to note the unit scale from the oscilloscope.
Figure 37 - Graph of Resistor Voltage Waveform vs. Time for Square Wave
Questions:
1. Figure 37 shows the voltage of the 1 kΩ resistor. How is this related to the current of the
resistor? As the two components are connected in series, how is this related to the current of
the capacitor?
2. From the graphs, find the value of the time constant (τC).
3. Compare the value of C = τC/RTotal with the stated value for the capacitance. (Note: RTotal = Rint + R,
where Rint = 50Ω).
40
Figure 38 - Connecting the RC Circuit
41
Lab 4.2 – RL Circuit Step Response
Objective: To observe the step response of an RL circuit and calculate the time constant.
Procedure:
1. Set the variable inductor box to 0.5 H and, while the inductor is not connected to anything, use
an ohmmeter to measure the internal resistance of the inductor:
RL =
For the circuit in Figure 39, assume the function generator has been off for a long time. At t=0,
it is turned on to produce 4 V DC. Write the expression for iL(t) using i(t) = i(∞) + [i(0) – i(∞)]e-t/τ,
given R = 1 kΩ and L = 0.5 H. Note the 50 Ω is an internal resistor for function generator.
On FG: Press Waveform: Square wave, Amplitude: 2.0 VPP*, Offset: 1.0 V*
Figure 39 – RL Circuit
2. Connect the circuit shown in Figure 39, with R = 1 kΩ and L = 0.5 H. Set the function generator to
produce a square wave at 400 Hz. You may need to reduce the frequency to 300 Hz if you find the
signal is not reaching its steady state response each cycle.
On FG: Frequency: 400 Hz
3. Connect channel 1 of the oscilloscope to the node between the function generator and the inductor.
Connect channel 2 to the node between the inductor and the resistor. Channels 1 and 2 are now
connected to either side of the inductor. Note that the ground of both channels as well as the
ground of function generator is all connected to the same node.
4. Adjust the amplitude of the square wave (channel 1) to its maximum value by turning the amplitude
knob clockwise. Once it is set, press the “CH1” button twice to remove the graph from the screen.
5. If the remaining signal (channel 2) is not reaching its steady state response every cycle, reduce the
signal frequency to 300 Hz, or lower if you must, so that it does.
6. What is remaining on the screen (channel 2) is the voltage across the resistor. Sketch this on the
graph provided in Figure 40. Make sure you note the unit scale from the oscilloscope.
*Due to impedance matching
42
Figure 40 - Graph of Resistor Voltage Waveform vs. Time for Square Wave
7. In the math menu of the oscilloscope, set the operation function to be “-”.
8. Press the “CH2” button twice to remove the current waveform graph from the screen. The
graph remaining is vL(t) (channel 1 – channel 2). Sketch the voltage waveform on the graph
provided in Figure 41. Again, make sure you write down the unit scale from the oscilloscope.
Figure 41 - Graph of Inductor Voltage Waveform vs. Time for Square Wave
Questions:
1. Find the time constant (τL) from Figure 40 and Figure 41.
2. Compare the value of RTotal = L/τL with the value of RTotal = Rint + R + RL, where Rint = 50Ω and RL is
the value you measured in step 1.
43
Figure 42 - Connecting the RL Circuit
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Lab 4

Lab 4.1 – RC Circuit Step Response

* Due to impedance matching

*Due to impedance matching

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