Environmental Studies 2

Environmental Studies
UNI122
Learning Outcomes
By the end of this unit students will be able to:
 Implement waste minimization techniques in the engineering workplace.
 Make improvements to workplace organization using a workplace scan.
 Employ methods of visual management in the engineering workplace.

Lean Six Sigma Approach
Lean Six Sigma Approach
• a team-focused managerial approach that seeks to improve
performance by eliminating resource waste and defects, as well
as deviations from standards.
What are 5 steps for Six Sigma?
• 1- Define the problem. Craft a problem statement, goal

statement, project charter, customer requirement, and process
map.
• 2- Measure the current process. Collect data on current

performance and issues. Verify that the data is reliable, and
update the project charter as needed.
• 3- Analyze the cause of issues. Examine the process and data

that was collected, display the data, investigate and confirm
what’s causing the issues, and continue updating the project
charter as needed.
• 4- Improve the process. Decide on solutions to fix issues and

create process maps for those new solutions. Take steps to
implement the new fixes and continue to measure improvement.
• 5- Control. Refine the new process, continue monitoring, and use

findings elsewhere in the business, if possible.
5S Technique
WHAT ARE THE 5 BENEFITS OF A 5S
SYSTEM?
SYSTEM?
• Creating space within your facility by removing unnecessary
tools and equipment
SYSTEM?
• Reducing downtime and improving quality by consistently
maintaining equipment
SYSTEM?
• Reducing waste from unnecessary motion by organizing the
workspace
SYSTEM?
• Engaging operators by granting them more responsibility for
their work environment
SYSTEM?
• Creating a safer work environment by ensuring it is clean and
well-maintained
1- SORT
What Is Sort?
The Sort step separates items in your workspace that you know you need from items that you do
not or may not need. Move the latter to a “red tag” holding area.
Why Do You Need Sort?
Sort enables you to have a more productive workspace by removing unneeded clutter (and
eliminating distractions). It also is a first step towards opening up space that can be used for
other things.
Sort
• Items needed in this work area. These are items you know that you
regularly use in the context of this work area and thus will stay in this work
area.
• Items needed in another work area. These are typically misplaced items. If
an item is used in another work area, “sort” it into that area by delivering it
to the team member responsible for that work area.
• Items you may need. For items you are unsure about, use the 5S “red tag”
system. Mark such items with red tags, which at a minimum, should
include the name of who tagged the item, why it is thought to no longer be
needed, a proposed review date, and the name of the manager who must
approve of disposal. Move the item to a red tag holding area, which should
be organized by review month to make it easy to manage the area.
• Items you do not need. These are items that you are 100% confident are
not needed. They should be immediately discarded, recycled, or donated,
or sold if in good condition.
Examples on SORT
• Remove waste from your workspace.
• Discard broken or old parts using 5S red tags.
• Responsibly recycle materials and papers.
• Separate everyday tools from special-case tools.
• Avoid overfilling your workspace with excess materials.
• Create an overflow area outside of the workspace for duplicate
materials, tools, and parts.
Straighten (set to order)
What Is Straighten?
The Straighten step thoroughly organizes the items that remain after sorting, making
frequently used items easily accessible and providing every item a clear and easy-to-
find home.
Why Do You Need to Straighten?
Straighten enables every item to have a specific home where it can be easily found
and to which it can be easily returned. It reduces the waste from excess motion, as
items are placed in more ergonomic locations. It is also the second step on the path
to opening up space that can be used strategically toward the goal of improving
production.
Straighten
• Provide easy access to frequently used items. The key to reducing waste from
excess motion is to place frequently used items within easy reach.
• Group like items. Group the remaining items into logical categories and brainstorm
the best way to organize and store each of these categories.
• Utilize visual designs. For each group, decide on the best way to make it clear
when an item is missing or misplaced. A classic example is creating a shadow
board for tools.
• Use containers. If it is appropriate for the type of item, consider organizing it within
a container.
• Unleash the labeler. If an item is too big to put into a container, consider giving it a
frame and putting a label on the item in addition to the frame.
• Be agile. Your initial straighten pass will likely deliver a significant improvement -
but you are also likely to overlook some potential improvements. Plan a 5S team
meeting with a focus on straightening at the one and two week points, and
brainstorm further improvements as part of your initial implementation.
Examples on STRAIGHTEN
• Give every item a distinct “home.”
• Use color as a way of organizing and creating meaning.
• Integrate shadow boards and other visual indicators into the
plant floor.
• Dedicate a surface or area entirely to shadow boxes and tool
storage.
• Dedicate another surface or area entirely to working.
Shine
What Is Shine?
The Shine step elevates the work area by ensuring thoroughly cleaned and inspected
tools, equipment, and other items. It also can include routine maintenance on
equipment,
Why Do You Need to Shine?
Shine creates a work environment that engages and empowers operators by giving
them more responsibility and agency over their work area. It also helps them to
identify problems before they interfere with production. For example, in a clean work
environment, it is much easier to spot emerging issues such as fluid leaks, material
spills, metal shavings from unexpected wear, hairline cracks in mechanisms, etc.
SHINE
• Grab the metaphorical spray bottle. Using appropriate cleaners
and cleaning tools, make the work area sparkle. With every sweep,
mop, brush, wipe, wash, and wax, strive to return your workspace
to its former glory. Be Miyagi.
• Find the source. The guiding principle of this 5S step is “clean to
understand”. If there are any signs of leaks, spills, or unexpected
debris, strive to understand the source. It is likely an early warning
of a future problem.
• Inspect. After cleaning each item, take a moment to look it over
and examine its condition. Does it need updating, maintenance, or
repair?
Examples of Shine
• Wipe down equipment.
• Examine the wear of your tools.
• Disassemble larger objects to inspect the state of their parts.
• Investigate a recurring unclean spot or mess.
• Make sure to follow proper cleaning procedures to prevent
damage to equipment.
Standardize
What Is Standardize?
The Standardize step is a bridge between the first three 5S steps (Sort, Straighten,
Shine) and the last step (Sustain). In this step, your goal is to capture best
practices for 5S as standardized work for your team.
Why Do You Need to Standardize?
Standardize makes 5S repeatable. It transforms 5S from a one-off project to a

reproducible set of activities.
Standardize
• Document in pairs. Have one team member walk through each
5S task as another team member documents it to ensure
nothing important is missed.
• Capture the essence. We are huge proponents of simplicity (and
agile). Capture the essence of each task and no more.
Otherwise, your documentation will be difficult to maintain.
• Prefer checklists. Checklists feel easy. Short checklists feel
even easier. A great format is providing a name for each task
that serves as a quick reminder and a more detailed description
for training.
• Organize to simplify. Organize your checklists by role, by shift,
and by frequency (daily, weekly, monthly). This will make the 5S
process much less intimidating to your team.
Examples on Standardize
• Write down your 5S practices.
• Create “implementation” checklists and “audit” checklists.
• Create “kits” that contain the materials needed to perform a
specific task.
• Use photos and other simple visuals as part of your training
materials.
• Build a schedule for tasks.

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Environmental Studies

 Implement waste minimization techniques in the engineering workplace.

 Make improvements to workplace organization using a workplace scan.

 Employ methods of visual management in the engineering workplace.

• 1- Deﬁne the problem. Craft a problem statement, goal

• 2- Measure the current process. Collect data on current

• 3- Analyze the cause of issues. Examine the process and data

• 4- Improve the process. Decide on solutions to ﬁx issues and

• 5- Control. Reﬁne the new process, continue monitoring, and use

Why Do You Need Sort?

Why Do You Need to Straighten?

Why Do You Need to Shine?

Why Do You Need to Standardize?

Standardize makes 5S repeatable. It transforms 5S from a one-off project to a

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