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    Jainism - Study Notes

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    Jainism - Study Notes

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    Jainism - Study Notes

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    Jainism

    HISTORY

    Copyright © 2014-2020 TestBook Edu Solutions Pvt. Ltd.: All rights reserved
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    Jainism
     Jainism is an ancient religion, and its leader is known as Tirthankara.

     There have been 24 Tirthankaras.

     Tirthankaras are considered as leaders who guide the followers of Jainism (Jains)
    through the cycle of life.

     The first Tirthankar was Rishabdev, who was also known as Adinath Bhagwan.

     Jainism Was founded by 24th Tirthankar Mahavira

    Vardhman Mahavir (539 BC to 467 BC)


     Vardhamana Mahavira was the 24th Tirthankar of the Jain custom.

     He is considered as the last Tirthankar.

     He took a birth at Kundagrama near Vaisali in around 546 BC.

     Kshatriya guardians Siddhartha and Trisala gave birth to him.

     He was married to Yashoda and had a daughter from his marriage named Anojja,
    also known as Priyadarsana.

     He revoked the world at thirty years old to turn into an ascetic and wandered for a
    long time.

     In the thirteenth year of his compensation, he achieved the most elevated spiritual
    information by triumphing over himself.

     This knowledge is called Kevala Gnyan.

     Thereafter, he was known as Mahavira, Jina, and Kevalin.

     His followers were called Jains and this religion came to be known as Jainism.

     He preached his doctrines for 12 years until his death at the age of 72 in 468 B.C. at
    Pavapuri

    HISTORY | Jainism PAGE 2


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    Timeline of Jainism

    539 BC Vardhaman Mahavir was Born

    Death of Vardhaman Mahavir 467 BC

    300 BC 1st Jainism Council

    2nd Jainism Council 512 AD

    HISTORY | Jainism PAGE 3


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    Doctrines o Jainism

    Triratna i.e., Three Gems of Janism

    Triratnas Aim

    Samyak Shradha/ Viswas (Right Faith) belief in Thirathankaras

    Samyak Jnan (Right Knowledge) It is the knowledge of Jain creed

    Samyak Karma/ Acharana (Right Action) It is the practiceof the 5 vows of Jainism

    Pancha Mahavartas i.e., Five Vows of Janism

    Vows Meaning

    Ahimsa Non - injury

    Satya Non - lying

    Asetya Non - stealing

    Aparigraha Non-possession

    Brahmacharya Chastity

    HISTORY | Jainism PAGE 4


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    Types of Knowledge
    Jnana Knowledge

    Mati jnana Perception through activity of sense organs including the mind.

    Shruta jnana Knowledge revealed by scriptures


    Avadhi jnana Clairvoyant perception
    Manahparyaya jnana Telepathic knowledge
    Keval jnana Temporal knowledge or Omniscience

    Principles of Jainism
    1. Rejected the authority of the vedas and vedic rituals.
    2. Did not believe in the existence of god.
    3. Believed in Karma and the transmigration of soul.
    4. Laid great emphasis on equality.

    Jain Council
    Council Year Venue Royal Patron Chariman Important Remarks

    1st Jain Chandragupta Compilation of 12


    300 BC Patliputra Sthulabhadra
    Council Maurya Angas

    Final compilation of
    2nd Jain Devardhi
    512 AD Vallabhi —— 12 Angas and 12
    council Kshmasramana
    Upangas

    HISTORY | Jainism PAGE 5


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    Jain Literature

     Literature is classified as follows:

    Prakrit Numbers

    Angas 12

    Upangas 12

    Prikarnas 10

    Chhedasutras 6

    Mulasutras 4

    Sutra – Granthas 2

     Important Jain texts are:

    Texts

    1. Kalpasutra (in Sanskrit) - Bhadrabahu

    2. Bhadrabahu Charita

    3. Parishishta Parvan - Hemchandra

    HISTORY | Jainism PAGE 6


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    Sects of Jainism
    Jainism has been partitioned into two significant sects: Digambara and Svetambara.
    The division happened primarily because of famine in Magadha which constrained a
    gathering drove by Bhadrabahu to move South India.
    1. White-clad; Northerners are Swetambaras.
    2. Sky-clad (naked); Southerners are Digambaras.

    Royal Patrons
    S.No. North India South India
    Nandas, Bimbisar, Ajashatru and
    Udayin (Haryank); Chandragupta
    1. Ganga Dynasty
    Maurya, Bindusara and Samprati
    (Mauryan) - Magdha
    2. Pradyota (Avanti) Kadamb Dynasty
    Amoghavarsha (Rashtrakuta
    3. Udayan (Sindhu Sauvira)
    Dynasty).
    Siddharaj jai singh and kumarpala
    4. Kharavela (kalinga)
    (the last great patrons of Jainism).

    Mahavir Swami, The 24th Tirthankara

    HISTORY | Jainism PAGE 7

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